WO2003047886A1 - Adherence surface in particular of tyres, tracks and shoe soles - Google Patents

Adherence surface in particular of tyres, tracks and shoe soles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003047886A1
WO2003047886A1 PCT/FR2001/003830 FR0103830W WO03047886A1 WO 2003047886 A1 WO2003047886 A1 WO 2003047886A1 FR 0103830 W FR0103830 W FR 0103830W WO 03047886 A1 WO03047886 A1 WO 03047886A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
notches
notch
surfaces according
plane
contour
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2001/003830
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ion Marica
Original Assignee
Ion Marica
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ion Marica filed Critical Ion Marica
Priority to PCT/FR2001/003830 priority Critical patent/WO2003047886A1/en
Priority to AU2002216168A priority patent/AU2002216168A1/en
Publication of WO2003047886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003047886A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/0311—Patterns comprising tread lugs arranged parallel or oblique to the axis of rotation
    • B60C11/0316—Patterns comprising tread lugs arranged parallel or oblique to the axis of rotation further characterised by the groove cross-section
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/223—Profiled soles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/0302—Tread patterns directional pattern, i.e. with main rolling direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/0304—Asymmetric patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/032—Patterns comprising isolated recesses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/13—Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/13—Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping
    • B60C11/1376—Three dimensional block surfaces departing from the enveloping tread contour
    • B60C11/1392—Three dimensional block surfaces departing from the enveloping tread contour with chamfered block edges

Definitions

  • Grip surfaces including tires, tracks and shoe soles
  • the invention relates to grip surfaces, fixed or mobile, such as tires, tracks, shoe soles, etc., as well as their coatings.
  • Adhesive surfaces of this kind which include a general contact plane in which notches are formed delimiting hollow spaces.
  • adhesion surfaces find application in many fields, in particular tires, tracks, tire coverings, shoe soles, etc.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • said notches include: - a vertex which constitutes the most advanced point, or the most moved back according to the orientation, of a notch or a contour and which has an angle of attack forming an action surface and a compression surface, and
  • the behavior of the grip surfaces is notably improved, especially on difficult terrain or conditions.
  • these indentations make it possible to release the slippery or specific material with low cohesion, detrimental to adhesion, to constitute by this action a stable surface and favorable to adhesion. This makes it possible to produce tires, or the like, favorable to the advancement of the vehicle under particularly difficult conditions.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to produce tires and tracks intended for difficult terrains, made of various materials with low cohesion and friction index, as is the case for sand, gravel, snow, ice, mud, broken roads, agricultural land, construction sites and other unstable ground. Among these, we can also cite competition, rally, running, safari, etc.
  • the new grip surfaces of the invention offer a decisive influence on the handling of the vehicle, in particular when sliding, skidding, during acceleration and when braking.
  • the notches delimit hollow spaces, creating either a negative geometry, or a positive or relief geometry, relative to their topology.
  • the notches in negative form a curved notch, parabolic or angular, in order to compress material with low friction index and of cohesion in the hollow spaces.
  • the notches are applied in relief along a curved, parabolic or angular contour, in order to release slippery or specific material with low cohesion.
  • the invention also provides that the notches are combined in negative or in positive on the same general plane of contact, giving rise to configurations combined symmetrically, asymmetric ent or asymmetric ent, with traditional fluted reliefs or any other surface comprising derivatives d indentations.
  • the adhesion surfaces comprise, by their configuration and their functioning, hollow or raised spaces within their geometric limits, containing a negative depth or a positive height, variable, delimited by a notch or by a contour, oriented downwards or upwards with respect to the general plane of contact, giving rise to compression or clearance surfaces, which rise or descend obliquely, in a synclinal, anticline or flat manner with respect to in general contact, to the point where the notch or the outline of the next notch begins.
  • the grip surfaces are intended for shoe soles, in particular for hiking shoes and sports shoes.
  • the grip surfaces include notches or combinations of notches which can incorporate flat, synclinal or anticline areas, creating a coherent whole of the general contact plane of the shoe soles, giving rise to their intersection with crampons of various shapes, generating a multitude of groups of monoblock spikes in a transverse perspective.
  • Each monoblock group is characterized by a common plane inclined with respect to the general contact plane of the sole, said inclined plane varying angle descending to the point where the body of the block of the following studs begins in a nonlimiting sequence.
  • the grip surfaces can constitute coatings made on the same structure and the same materials as the tires or the tracks.
  • the notches are applied to floor coverings.
  • FIG. 1 shows an adhesion surface according to the invention comprising negative and positive indentations
  • FIG. 3 shows the elements of a notch according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a side view corresponding to Figure 3;
  • - Figure 5 shows a scalloped tire according to the invention acting on a ground with low cohesion;
  • Figure 6 shows a cover or scalloped covering designed to be mounted using a traditional fastening system on a conventional tire;
  • FIG. 10 shows tires, especially for mountain bikes (ATV), with double angular notches in positive;
  • FIG. 20 shows a tire for a utility vehicle having angular synclinal or anticline notches;
  • - Figure 21 shows the profile of Figure 9;
  • FIG. 25 shows a caterpillar with curved notches
  • FIG. 26 shows the profile of a notched track giving rise to geometric elements in the opposite direction of advancement
  • FIG. 27 shows a caterpillar with notches
  • - Figure 28 shows a double notched track
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an adhesion surface according to the invention comprising a general contact plane 1 (also called contact surface) in which notches 2 and 3 are formed delimiting hollow spaces 4
  • the notches 2 create a geometry in negative with respect to their topology, while the notches 3 create geometry in positive or in relief with respect to their topology.
  • These notches have a vertex 10 which constitutes the most advanced point (or the most moved back depending on the orientation) of a notch or a contour and which has an angle of attack 11 forming an action surface 12 and a compression surface 9.
  • these notches include an opening 13 equal to its own width 18 and containing its opening angle 14, which starts from the axis of the opening and passes through two points of intersection of a side and side of the notch or outline (see also Figure 3).
  • notches form a curved, parabolic or angular notch, the top 10 of which, opposite the direction of rotation, has the function of compressing or releasing the material of weak constitution.
  • This makes it possible to compress, in the hollow spaces 4, the material with a low friction and cohesion index by the pressure of the weight of the vehicle 5 ( Figure 5) and the mechanical action (tangential forces 6) of the wheels ( Figure 5) or tracks, in order to locally increase the coefficient of friction and cohesion.
  • An action system is thus created based on the orientation of the angles of attack 11 and of the other elements which make up the notches 2 and 3, the opening 13 being oriented in the direction of rotation and the apex 10 opposing in the sense of advancement.
  • the notches have various shapes which can be combined in negative or in positive on the same contact plane 1, thus giving rise to symmetrically, asymmetrically or asymmetrically combined configurations with traditional fluted reliefs on any other surface comprising derivatives of notches 2 and 3.
  • the notches 2 and 3 delimit hollow or raised spaces within their geometric limits, which have a depth 7 in negative or a height 8 in positive ( Figures 1 and 2). This depth or height is variable and is delimited by a notch or by a contour, oriented downward or upward relative to the general plane of contact 1. This gives rise to compression surfaces 9 or clearance, which rise or descend obliquely, in a syncline, anticline, or flat, with respect to the contact plane 1, to the place where the notch or the contour of the next notch 2 or 3 begins ( Figure 3).
  • the notch comprises a vertex 10 which represents the most advanced point, or the most moved back according to the orientation, of a notch or a contour, and the angle of which attack 11 forms an action surface 12 and an opening 13 which is equal to its own width 18 and which contains its opening angle 14, starting from its axis and passing through two points of intersection on one side and the other of the notch or the contour.
  • the adhesion surfaces of the invention and the coatings thus obtained comprise indentations or combinations of indentations which create a coherent whole of the contact plane 11 ( Figures 1 and 2), characterized by action spaces which act on particularly difficult terrain by exploiting the local phenomena imposed by the constitution of matter: sand, mud, ice, snow, etc.
  • the configurations of the notches make it possible to create coatings, in particular of tires and tracks, in various flexible, rigid or semi-rigid materials, in order to dress the tires in replacement of the chains, or the traditional tracks.
  • adhesion surfaces of the invention and the coatings thus obtained can be produced according to the same structure and in the same materials as conventional tires and tracks.
  • These coverings may have a slightly larger diameter to constitute a cover fixed by conventional fastening systems with simple assembly.
  • the notches according to the invention can be used on different adhesion surfaces where sliding becomes a factor of insecurity and they can be applied on floor coverings for buildings or other sites to optimize adhesion.
  • Movable grip surfaces can include not only scalloped tires or tracks, as already indicated, but also shoe soles.
  • such shoe soles have notable non-slip qualities and can be used for hiking shoes, sports shoes, etc.
  • the notches of the invention can also be applied to cross-country ski soles to ensure a non-slip plane which effectively contributes to the support of successive forward movements characteristic of this type of activity, without affecting their sliding.
  • Figures 5 to 27 illustrate the operation of scalloped tires and tracks according to the invention.
  • the configuration and orientation of their profile, which includes an angle of attack 11, generate an action surface 12 combined with the compression surface 9 by depth 7 (FIGS. 1 to 5), acting on low-lying terrain. cohesion and friction.
  • This kinetic action creates horizontal pressure 15 by the development of a tangential rotary force 6 acting on the material trapped in the hollow spaces 4 between the vehicle pressure 5 and ground resistance 16.
  • the material is compacted by the rotary action of tires and tracks ( Figures 4, 5 and 29).
  • the locally compressed material hardens and the cohesion index becomes important by preventing slipping. This allows the vehicle to move forward with greater maneuvering control and better handling.
  • the notches 3 ( Figures 1, 2, 17 and 18) made in relief make it possible to eliminate the harmful material on certain grounds according to the same operating principle already described. The difference is that these notches act on the ground with a release effect, digging the material in the direction of rotation 17 and the rotary or tangential force 6 ( Figures 5 and 27) and the horizontal pressure 15.
  • Motocross tires ( Figures 7 to 9) have notches in negative 2, in relief 3 or combined, intended for desert, uneven, sandy, rocky terrain or rough roads. These tires cling to any difficult surface and limit the skidding of the rear wheel thanks to the notches 2 which oppose the lateral skidding movement. The same phenomena occur for MTB races where the scalloped tires of Figures 10 to 13 can improve their performance.
  • the tires in FIG. 10 have double angular notches 3 in positive and those in FIG. 12 have double angular notches 2 in negative.
  • the tires in Figure 12 have notches 3 in positive and those in Figure 13 have angular notches 2 in negative.
  • the grip surfaces can be used on tracks ( Figures 25 to 29) to solve the drawbacks inherent in unstable terrain: snow, ice, sand, etc.
  • These tracks can be mounted on vehicles such as snowmobiles, utility vehicles, trucks, tractors, forestry equipment, leveling and track maintenance equipment and roads, military vehicles, etc.
  • the tracks obtained according to the invention have a different profile compared to conventional tracks. This promotes the action of the angle of attack 11, the hollow or raised spaces 3 acting on the same principle, with greater efficiency thanks to the dimensions of the contact surface 1 and its topology (see in particular the Figure 29).
  • the invention also makes it possible to create scalloped coverings (FIG. 6) adapting to traditional tires or tracks. They can take the form of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid covers ( Figures 14 and 15), which can thus replace traditional chains, without damaging roads and asphalt.
  • adhesion surfaces of the invention can be applied to different types of surfaces, fixed or mobile, in different sectors to improve the adhesion.
  • adhesion surfaces can be fixed: floor coverings intended for buildings or sites with frequent pedestrian or motorized circulation, where the surfaces become slippery, either by the nature of the material which composes it, or by an accentuated inclination plane .
  • the grip surfaces can be movable, as is the case with the soles of hiking, sports shoes, etc. Thanks to their non-slip performance, the notches 2 create a brief mini-suction cup effect allowing efficient movement movements, by quick starts and stops. The effect of mini-suction cup appears with each pressure of the pressing movement, eliminated immediately by the penetration of air into the hollow spaces of the notches as in a regulator.
  • the notches 2 and 3 are applied to a flat, circular, convex or concave contact surface in a mounting of notches 2 and 3 placed one behind the other or one at a time. side of others.
  • the notches can incorporate flat, synclinal or anticline areas giving rise to their intersection with spikes of various shapes grouped in one piece in a transverse perspective.
  • Each monobloc group is characterized by a common plane inclined obliquely (compression zone 9) relative to the plane of the sole, descending to the location of the body of the blocks of the following studs.
  • this oblique plane forms a support zone (compression zone 9) upstream and a propulsion zone (action zone 12) downstream relative to its transverse axis, transforming the opposite part of the inclination (9 ) in the active propulsion zone (zone 12) over the entire width of the sole.
  • a braking zone is formed on the side of the heel, which has the support 9 and propulsion 12 zones oriented in the opposite direction with respect to zones 9 and 12 of the front of the sole.
  • notches 2 and 3 soles are done by traditional injection methods and may include a resistance plate, made of titanium or other material, embedded in the mass during fusion. This helps to distribute the pressure of the body weight over the entire surface and not only at the level of the crampons and to protect the convenience of movements in certain specific conditions of the ground where the conventional crampons stressed by the pressure of the weight cause discomfort, or even continual pain, on the sole of the foot, which constitutes a handicap in their functioning.
  • the soles of the invention define a new mode of operation, due to their lateral rigidity influenced by the monoblock groups of notched crampons and to their longitudinal flexibility due to the flexion and deflection zones. In this way, the sole becomes more than 80% active, creating a compensating grip and increased grip in all directions of movement depending on the condition of the terrain and the type of use.
  • the grip surfaces of the invention applied to tires, tracks, coverings, soles, etc. eliminate the disadvantages of traditional adhesion surfaces, which have grooves or the like in which the material tends to stick or remain blocked.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns adherence surfaces comprising a general contact plane (1) wherein are formed indentations (2, 3) delimiting hollow spaces. In a view of the general contact plane (1), said indentations include: a peak (10) which constitutes the foremost point of a notch or contour and which has an approach angle (11) forming an action surface (12) and a compression surface (9), and an opening (13) equal to its own length (18) and containing its opening angle (14) which originates at the axis of the opening passing through two intersection points on either side of the notch or contour. The invention is in particular applicable to tyres, tracks and shoe soles.

Description

Surfaces d'adhérence, notamment pneus, chenilles et semelles de chaussuresGrip surfaces, including tires, tracks and shoe soles
L'invention concerne des surfaces d'adhérence, fixes ou mobiles, telles que pneus, chenilles, semelles de chaussures, etc., ainsi que leurs revêtements.The invention relates to grip surfaces, fixed or mobile, such as tires, tracks, shoe soles, etc., as well as their coatings.
On connaît déjà des surfaces d'adhérence de ce genre qui comportent un plan général de contact dans lequel sont formées des échancrures délimitant des espaces creux.Adhesive surfaces of this kind are already known which include a general contact plane in which notches are formed delimiting hollow spaces.
Ces surfaces d'adhérence trouvent une application dans de nombreux domaines, notamment les pneus, chenilles, revêtements de pneus, semelles de chaussures, etc.These adhesion surfaces find application in many fields, in particular tires, tracks, tire coverings, shoe soles, etc.
De manière traditionnelle, la conception des pneus repose sur l'incision de divers reliefs et canaux sur le plan de la surface de contact pour éliminer l'eau, la neige ou autres éléments nuisibles à l'adhérence. Ces pneus classiques ont pour inconvénient d'entraîner, dans certaines conditions, une conduite imprécise ou de fréquents dérapages avec la perte de contrôle du véhicule. Les roues ont alors tendance à patiner et à tourner dans le vide et à s'enfoncer dans le sol, d'où il résulte un blocage et une immobilisation.Traditionally, the design of tires is based on the incision of various reliefs and channels on the plane of the contact surface to remove water, snow or other elements detrimental to grip. These conventional tires have the disadvantage of causing, under certain conditions, imprecise driving or frequent skidding with the loss of control of the vehicle. The wheels then tend to spin and spin in a vacuum and sink into the ground, resulting in a blockage and immobilization.
Ces inconvénients se retrouvent également pour d'autres surfaces d'adhérence, notamment pour les chenilles, revêtements de pneus, semelles de chaussures, etc.These drawbacks are also found for other grip surfaces, in particular for tracks, tire coverings, shoe soles, etc.
L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
Elle propose à cet effet des surfaces d'adhérence du type défini précédemment, dans lesquelles, dans une vue du plan général de contact, lesdites échancrures incluent : - un sommet qui constitue le point le plus avancé, ou le plus reculé selon l'orientation, d'une entaille ou d'un contour et qui présente un angle d'attaque formant une surface d'action et une surface de compression, etTo this end, it offers adhesion surfaces of the type defined above, in which, in a view of the general contact plane, said notches include: - a vertex which constitutes the most advanced point, or the most moved back according to the orientation, of a notch or a contour and which has an angle of attack forming an action surface and a compression surface, and
- une ouverture égale à sa propre largeur et contenant son angle d'ouverture qui part de l'axe de l'ouverture et passe par deux points d'intersection d'un côté et de l'autre de l'entaille ou du contour.- an opening equal to its own width and containing its opening angle which starts from the axis of the opening and passes through two points of intersection on one side and the other of the notch or the contour.
Grâce à cette configuration particulière des échancrures, on améliore notablement le comportement des surfaces d'adhérence, notamment sur des terrains ou des conditions difficiles.Thanks to this particular configuration of the notches, the behavior of the grip surfaces is notably improved, especially on difficult terrain or conditions.
Notamment, ces échancrures permettent de dégager la matière glissante ou spécifique à faible cohésion, nuisible à l'adhérence, pour constituer par cette action une surface stable et favorable à l'adhérence. Ceci permet de réaliser des pneumatiques, ou analogues, favorables à l'avancement du véhicule dans des conditions particulièrement difficiles.In particular, these indentations make it possible to release the slippery or specific material with low cohesion, detrimental to adhesion, to constitute by this action a stable surface and favorable to adhesion. This makes it possible to produce tires, or the like, favorable to the advancement of the vehicle under particularly difficult conditions.
L'invention permet ainsi de réaliser des pneus et chenilles destinés à des terrains difficiles, constitués de diverses matières à faible indice de cohésion et de friction, comme c'est le cas pour le sable, le gravier, la neige, la glace, la boue, les routes défoncées, les terrains agricoles, les chantiers et autres terrains instables. Parmi ces derniers, on peut citer aussi les terrains de compétition, de rallye, de course, de safari, etc.The invention thus makes it possible to produce tires and tracks intended for difficult terrains, made of various materials with low cohesion and friction index, as is the case for sand, gravel, snow, ice, mud, broken roads, agricultural land, construction sites and other unstable ground. Among these, we can also cite competition, rally, running, safari, etc.
Les nouvelles surfaces d'adhérence de l'invention offrent une influence déterminante dans la tenue du véhicule, notamment en situation de glisse, de dérapage, lors de l'accélération et lors du freinage.The new grip surfaces of the invention offer a decisive influence on the handling of the vehicle, in particular when sliding, skidding, during acceleration and when braking.
Ces mêmes avantages se retrouvent aussi pour des surfaces d'adhérence appliquées à d'autres domaines, notamment les semelles de chaussures.These same advantages are also found for surfaces adhesion applied to other areas, including shoe soles.
Dans l'invention, les échancrures délimitent des espaces creux, créant soit une géométrie en négatif, soit une géométrie en positif ou en -relief, par rapport à leur topologie.In the invention, the notches delimit hollow spaces, creating either a negative geometry, or a positive or relief geometry, relative to their topology.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les échancrures en négatif forment une entaille courbe, parabolique ou angulaire, afin de compresser de la matière à faible indice de friction et de cohésion dans les espaces creux.According to another characteristic of the invention, the notches in negative form a curved notch, parabolic or angular, in order to compress material with low friction index and of cohesion in the hollow spaces.
En variante, les échancrures sont appliquées en relief suivant un contour courbe, parabolique ou angulaire, afin de dégager de la matière glissante ou spécifique à faible cohésion.As a variant, the notches are applied in relief along a curved, parabolic or angular contour, in order to release slippery or specific material with low cohesion.
L'invention prévoit aussi que les échancrures sont combinées en négatif ou en positif sur le même plan général de contact, donnant naissance à des configurations combinées symétriquement, asymétrique ent ou dissymétrique ent, avec des reliefs cannelés traditionnels ou toute autre surface comportant des dérivés d'échancrures.The invention also provides that the notches are combined in negative or in positive on the same general plane of contact, giving rise to configurations combined symmetrically, asymmetric ent or asymmetric ent, with traditional fluted reliefs or any other surface comprising derivatives d indentations.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les surfaces d'adhérence comportent par leur configuration et leur fonctionnement des espaces creux ou en relief à l'intérieur de leurs limites géométriques, contenant une profondeur en négatif ou une hauteur en positif, variables, délimités par une entaille ou par un contour, orientés vers le bas ou vers le haut par rapport au plan général de contact, donnant naissance à des surfaces de compression ou de dégagement, qui remontent ou descendent obliquement, de façon synclinale, anticlinale ou plate par rapport au plan général de contact, jusqu'à l'endroit où débute l'entaille ou le contour de l'échancrure suivante.According to another characteristic of the invention, the adhesion surfaces comprise, by their configuration and their functioning, hollow or raised spaces within their geometric limits, containing a negative depth or a positive height, variable, delimited by a notch or by a contour, oriented downwards or upwards with respect to the general plane of contact, giving rise to compression or clearance surfaces, which rise or descend obliquely, in a synclinal, anticline or flat manner with respect to in general contact, to the point where the notch or the outline of the next notch begins.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les surfaces d'adhérence sont destinées à des semelles de chaussures, en particulier pour les chaussures de randonnée et les de chaussures de sport.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the grip surfaces are intended for shoe soles, in particular for hiking shoes and sports shoes.
Dans ce cas, les surfaces d'adhérence comportent des échancrures ou des combinaisons d'échancrures pouvant incorporer des plages plates, synclinales ou anticlinales, créant un ensemble cohérent du plan général de contact des semelles de chaussures, donnant naissance à leur intersection à des crampons de diverses formes, générant une multitude de groupes de crampons monoblocs dans une perspective transversale. Chaque groupe monobloc est caractérisé par un plan commun incliné par rapport au plan général de contact de la semelle, ledit plan incliné angle variable descendant jusqu'à l'endroit où commence le corps du bloc des crampons suivants dans un enchaînement non limitatif.In this case, the grip surfaces include notches or combinations of notches which can incorporate flat, synclinal or anticline areas, creating a coherent whole of the general contact plane of the shoe soles, giving rise to their intersection with crampons of various shapes, generating a multitude of groups of monoblock spikes in a transverse perspective. Each monoblock group is characterized by a common plane inclined with respect to the general contact plane of the sole, said inclined plane varying angle descending to the point where the body of the block of the following studs begins in a nonlimiting sequence.
Les surfaces d'adhérence peuvent constituer des revêtements réalisés sur la même structure et les mêmes matériaux que les pneus ou les chenilles. Dans une autre application, les échancrures sont appliquées sur des revêtements de sol.The grip surfaces can constitute coatings made on the same structure and the same materials as the tires or the tracks. In another application, the notches are applied to floor coverings.
Dans la description qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :In the description which follows, given solely by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
- la Figure 1 représente une surface d'adhérence selon l'invention comportant des échancrures en négatif et en positif ;- Figure 1 shows an adhesion surface according to the invention comprising negative and positive indentations;
- la Figure 2 représente le profil de la surface d'adhérence de la Figure 1 ;- Figure 2 shows the profile of the adhesion surface of Figure 1;
- la Figure 3 représente les éléments d'une échancrure selon 1 'invention ;- Figure 3 shows the elements of a notch according to the invention;
- la Figure 4 est une vue de profil correspondant à la Figure 3 ; - la Figure 5 représente un pneu échancré selon l'invention agissant sur un terrain à faible cohésion ; la Figure 6 représente une housse ou revêtement échancré conçu pour être monté à l'aide d'un système de fixation traditionnel sur un pneumatique classique ;- Figure 4 is a side view corresponding to Figure 3; - Figure 5 shows a scalloped tire according to the invention acting on a ground with low cohesion; Figure 6 shows a cover or scalloped covering designed to be mounted using a traditional fastening system on a conventional tire;
- les Figures 7, 8 et 9 représentent des pneus échancrés destinés plus particulièrement au motocross ;- Figures 7, 8 and 9 show scalloped tires intended more particularly for motocross;
- la Figure 10 représente des pneus, notamment pour vélos tout terrain (VTT), comportant des doubles échancrures angulaires en positif ;- Figure 10 shows tires, especially for mountain bikes (ATV), with double angular notches in positive;
- la Figure 11 représente des pneus, notamment pour vélos tout terrain, comportant des doubles échancrures angulaires en négatif ;- Figure 11 shows tires, especially for mountain bikes, with double angular notches in negative;
- la Figure 12 représente des pneus, notamment pour vélos tout terrain, comportant des échancrures en positif ;- Figure 12 shows tires, especially for mountain bikes, having positive notches;
- la Figure 13 représente des pneus, notamment pour vélos tout terrain, comportant des échancrures en négatif ;- Figure 13 shows tires, especially for mountain bikes, with negative cut-outs;
- les Figures 14 et 15 représentent des revêtements à doubles échancrures en négatif destinés à des pneus et chenilles pour véhicules utilitaires ou militaires ;- Figures 14 and 15 show coatings with double notches in negative intended for tires and tracks for utility or military vehicles;
- la Figure 16 représente une double échancrure paraboli- que ;- Figure 16 shows a double parabolic notch;
- la Figure 17 représente des échancrures angulaires en positif destinées à des pneus ou chenilles utilisés dans des terrains particulièrement difficiles ;- Figure 17 shows positive angular notches intended for tires or tracks used in particularly difficult terrain;
- la Figure 18 représente un montage d'échancrures courbes, en écaille ;- Figure 18 shows an assembly of curved notches, in scale;
- la Figure 19 représente un pneu à échancrures angulaires ;- Figure 19 shows a tire with angular notches;
- la Figure 20 représente un pneu pour véhicule utilitaire comportant des échancrures angulaires synclinales ou anticlinales ; - la Figure 21 représente le profil de la Figure 9 ;- Figure 20 shows a tire for a utility vehicle having angular synclinal or anticline notches; - Figure 21 shows the profile of Figure 9;
- la Figure 22 représente le profil de la Figure 8 ;- Figure 22 shows the profile of Figure 8;
- la Figure 23 représente le profil de la Figure 16 ;- Figure 23 shows the profile of Figure 16;
- la Figure 24 représente le profil de la Figure 17 ;- Figure 24 shows the profile of Figure 17;
- la Figure 25 représente une chenille avec des échancrures courbes ;- Figure 25 shows a caterpillar with curved notches;
- la Figure 26 représente le profil d'une chenille échancrée donnant naissance à des éléments géométriques en contresens de l'avancement ;- Figure 26 shows the profile of a notched track giving rise to geometric elements in the opposite direction of advancement;
- la Figure 27 représente une chenille avec des échancrures ; - la Figure 28 représente une chenille à double échancrure ; - - et- Figure 27 shows a caterpillar with notches; - Figure 28 shows a double notched track; - - and
- la Figure 29 représente le fonctionnement d'une chenille échancrée.- Figure 29 shows the operation of a notched track.
On se réfère d'abord aux Figures 1 et 2 qui montrent une surface d'adhérence selon l'invention comportant un plan général de contact 1 (encore appelé surface de contact) dans lequel sont formées des échancrures 2 et 3 délimitant des espaces creux 4. Les échancrures 2 créent une géométrie en négatif par rapport à leur topologie, tandis que les échancrures 3 créent une géométrie en positif ou en relief par rapport à leur topologie. Ces échancrures ont un sommet 10 qui constitue le point le plus avancé (ou le plus reculé selon l'orientation) d'une entaille ou d'un contour et qui présente un angle d'attaque 11 formant une surface d'action 12 et une surface de compression 9. En outre, ces échancrures comprennent une ouverture 13 égale à sa propre largeur 18 et contenant son angle d'ouverture 14, qui part de l'axe de l'ouverture et passe par deux points d'intersection d'un côté et de l'autre de l'entaille ou du contour (voir aussi la Figure 3).Reference is first made to FIGS. 1 and 2 which show an adhesion surface according to the invention comprising a general contact plane 1 (also called contact surface) in which notches 2 and 3 are formed delimiting hollow spaces 4 The notches 2 create a geometry in negative with respect to their topology, while the notches 3 create geometry in positive or in relief with respect to their topology. These notches have a vertex 10 which constitutes the most advanced point (or the most moved back depending on the orientation) of a notch or a contour and which has an angle of attack 11 forming an action surface 12 and a compression surface 9. In addition, these notches include an opening 13 equal to its own width 18 and containing its opening angle 14, which starts from the axis of the opening and passes through two points of intersection of a side and side of the notch or outline (see also Figure 3).
Ces échancrures forment une entaille courbe, parabolique ou angulaire, dont le sommet 10, opposé au sens de rotation, a pour fonction de comprimer ou de dégager la matière de faible constitution. Ceci permet de compresser, dans les espaces creux 4 , la matière à faible indice de friction et de cohésion par la pression du poids du véhicule 5 (Figure 5) et l'action mécanique (forces tangentielles 6) des roues (Figure 5) ou des chenilles, en vue d'augmenter localement le coefficient de friction et de cohésion. Il se crée ainsi un système d'action fondé sur l'orientation des angles d'attaque 11 et des autres éléments qui composent les échancrures 2 et 3, l'ouverture 13 étant orientée dans le sens de rotation et le sommet 10 s 'opposant au sens d'avancement. Il en résulte une compression de la matière en amas agglomérés dans les espaces creux. De ce fait, l'action mécanique devient plus efficace avec un accrochement plus vif. Les particules n'adhèrent plus sur la surface de contact comme dans le cas des surfaces d'adhérence traditionnelles, ce qui permet le passage sur des terrains difficiles, même dans des conditions extrêmes.These notches form a curved, parabolic or angular notch, the top 10 of which, opposite the direction of rotation, has the function of compressing or releasing the material of weak constitution. This makes it possible to compress, in the hollow spaces 4, the material with a low friction and cohesion index by the pressure of the weight of the vehicle 5 (Figure 5) and the mechanical action (tangential forces 6) of the wheels (Figure 5) or tracks, in order to locally increase the coefficient of friction and cohesion. An action system is thus created based on the orientation of the angles of attack 11 and of the other elements which make up the notches 2 and 3, the opening 13 being oriented in the direction of rotation and the apex 10 opposing in the sense of advancement. This results in compression of the material in agglomerated clusters in the hollow spaces. As a result, the mechanical action becomes more effective with a sharper grip. The particles no longer adhere to the contact surface as in the case of traditional adhesion surfaces, which allows passage over difficult terrain, even in extreme conditions.
Les échancrures présentent diverses formes qui peuvent être combinées en négatif ou en positif sur le même plan de contact 1, donnant ainsi naissance à des configurations combinées symétriquement, asymétriquement ou dissymétriquement avec des reliefs cannelés traditionnels sur toute autre surface comportant des dérivés d'échancrures 2 et 3.The notches have various shapes which can be combined in negative or in positive on the same contact plane 1, thus giving rise to symmetrically, asymmetrically or asymmetrically combined configurations with traditional fluted reliefs on any other surface comprising derivatives of notches 2 and 3.
Les échancrures 2 et 3 délimitent des espaces creux ou en relief à l'intérieur de leurs limites géométriques, qui ont une profondeur 7 en négatif ou une hauteur 8 en positif (Figures 1 et 2 ) . Cette profondeur ou hauteur est variable et est délimitée par une entaille ou par un contour, orienté vers le bas ou vers le haut par rapport au plan général de contact 1. Cela donne naissance à des surfaces de compression 9 ou de dégagement, qui remontent ou descendent obliquement, de façon synclinale, anticlinale, ou plate, par rapport au plan de contact 1, jusqu'à l'endroit où débute l'entaille ou le contour de l'échancrure 2 ou 3 suivante (Figure 3).The notches 2 and 3 delimit hollow or raised spaces within their geometric limits, which have a depth 7 in negative or a height 8 in positive (Figures 1 and 2). This depth or height is variable and is delimited by a notch or by a contour, oriented downward or upward relative to the general plane of contact 1. This gives rise to compression surfaces 9 or clearance, which rise or descend obliquely, in a syncline, anticline, or flat, with respect to the contact plane 1, to the place where the notch or the contour of the next notch 2 or 3 begins (Figure 3).
Dans une vue du plan général de contact, l' échancrure comprend un sommet 10 qui représente le point le plus avancé, ou le plus reculé selon l'orientation, d'une entaille ou d'un contour, et dont l'angle d'attaque 11 forme une surface d'action 12 et une ouverture 13 qui est égale à sa propre largeur 18 et qui contient son angle d'ouverture 14, en partant de son axe et en passant par deux points d'intersection d'un côté et de l'autre de l'entaille ou du contour.In a view of the general contact plane, the notch comprises a vertex 10 which represents the most advanced point, or the most moved back according to the orientation, of a notch or a contour, and the angle of which attack 11 forms an action surface 12 and an opening 13 which is equal to its own width 18 and which contains its opening angle 14, starting from its axis and passing through two points of intersection on one side and the other of the notch or the contour.
Les surfaces d'adhérence de l'invention et les revêtements ainsi obtenus comprennent des échancrures ou des combinaisons d'échancrures qui créent un ensemble cohérent du plan de contact 11 (Figures 1 et 2), caractérisés par des espaces d'action qui agissent sur des terrains particulièrement difficiles en exploitant les phénomènes d'ordre local imposés par la constitution de la matière : sable, boue, glace, neige, etc.The adhesion surfaces of the invention and the coatings thus obtained comprise indentations or combinations of indentations which create a coherent whole of the contact plane 11 (Figures 1 and 2), characterized by action spaces which act on particularly difficult terrain by exploiting the local phenomena imposed by the constitution of matter: sand, mud, ice, snow, etc.
Les configurations des échancrures permettent de créer des revêtements, notamment de pneus et de chenilles, en divers matériaux souples, rigides ou semi-rigides, afin d'habiller les pneus en remplacement des chaînes, ou les chenilles traditionnelles .The configurations of the notches make it possible to create coatings, in particular of tires and tracks, in various flexible, rigid or semi-rigid materials, in order to dress the tires in replacement of the chains, or the traditional tracks.
Les surfaces d'adhérence de l'invention et les revêtements ainsi obtenus peuvent être réalisés suivant la même structure et dans les mêmes matériaux que les pneumatiques et chenilles traditionnels. Ces revêtements peuvent avoir un diamètre légèrement supérieur pour constituer une housse fixée par des systèmes de fixation classiques avec un montage simple.The adhesion surfaces of the invention and the coatings thus obtained can be produced according to the same structure and in the same materials as conventional tires and tracks. These coverings may have a slightly larger diameter to constitute a cover fixed by conventional fastening systems with simple assembly.
Ainsi, les chenilles classiques protégées par ce type de revêtement n'endommagent plus les routes, les rues, les chaussées lors de leur passage, à l'occasion de certains événements comme des défilés, des déplacements d'engins lourds qui endommageraient l'asphalte et nécessiteraient constamment des dépenses pour la réparation après leur passage.Thus, the classic caterpillars protected by this type of coating no longer damage the roads, the streets, the roadways during their passage, during certain events such as parades, displacements of heavy vehicles which would damage the asphalt. and would constantly require expenses for repair after their passage.
Les échancrures selon l'invention peuvent être utilisées sur différentes surfaces d'adhérence où la glisse devient un facteur d'insécurité et elles peuvent être appliquées sur des revêtements de sol destinés à des bâtiments ou autres sites pour optimiser l'adhérence.The notches according to the invention can be used on different adhesion surfaces where sliding becomes a factor of insecurity and they can be applied on floor coverings for buildings or other sites to optimize adhesion.
En particulier, il est possible de constituer des revêtements de sol échancrés fabriqués selon les mêmes procédés techniques que les revêtements de sol classiques.In particular, it is possible to form scalloped floor coverings produced according to the same technical processes as conventional floor coverings.
Les surfaces d'adhérence mobiles peuvent englober non seulement des pneus ou chenilles échancrés, comme déjà indiqué, mais aussi des semelles de chaussures.Movable grip surfaces can include not only scalloped tires or tracks, as already indicated, but also shoe soles.
En particulier, de telles semelles de chaussures possèdent des qualités antidérapantes notables et peuvent servir à des chaussures de randonnée, des chaussures de sport, etc.In particular, such shoe soles have notable non-slip qualities and can be used for hiking shoes, sports shoes, etc.
Ces semelles augmentent l'adhérence par l'effet de ventouse de l'air compressé et détendu dans les espaces 4, favorisant les mouvements vifs.These soles increase the grip by the suction effect of the compressed and relaxed air in the spaces 4, promoting lively movements.
Les échancrures de l'invention peuvent aussi être appliquées sur des semelles de ski de fond pour assurer un plan antidérapant contribuant efficacement aux appuis des mouvements successifs d'avancement caractéristiques à ce type d'activité, sans nuire à leur glissement.The notches of the invention can also be applied to cross-country ski soles to ensure a non-slip plane which effectively contributes to the support of successive forward movements characteristic of this type of activity, without affecting their sliding.
Les Figures 5 à 27 illustrent le fonctionnement de pneus et de chenilles échancrés selon l'invention. La configuration et l'orientation de leur profil, qui comporte un angle d'attaque 11, génèrent une surface d'action 12 combinée avec la surface de compression 9 par la profondeur 7 (Figures 1 à 5), agissant sur des terrains à faible cohésion et friction. Il en résulte une compression de la matière par la pression verticale 5 du poids du véhicule et le sens de rotation 17 de la roue (Figure 5). Cette action cinétique crée une pression horizontale 15 par le développement d'une force rotative tangentielle 6 agissant sur la matière emprisonnée dans les espaces creux 4 entre la pression du véhicule 5 et la résistance du terrain 16. La matière est compactée par l'action rotative des pneus et des chenilles (Figures 4, 5 et 29). La matière comprimée localement durcit et l'indice de cohésion devient important en empêchant le glissement. Ceci permet au véhicule d'avancer avec un plus grand contrôle de manoeuvre et une meilleure tenue de route.Figures 5 to 27 illustrate the operation of scalloped tires and tracks according to the invention. The configuration and orientation of their profile, which includes an angle of attack 11, generate an action surface 12 combined with the compression surface 9 by depth 7 (FIGS. 1 to 5), acting on low-lying terrain. cohesion and friction. This results in compression of the material by the vertical pressure 5 of the weight of the vehicle and the direction of rotation 17 of the wheel (Figure 5). This kinetic action creates horizontal pressure 15 by the development of a tangential rotary force 6 acting on the material trapped in the hollow spaces 4 between the vehicle pressure 5 and ground resistance 16. The material is compacted by the rotary action of tires and tracks (Figures 4, 5 and 29). The locally compressed material hardens and the cohesion index becomes important by preventing slipping. This allows the vehicle to move forward with greater maneuvering control and better handling.
Les échancrures 3 (Figures 1, 2, 17 et 18) réalisées en relief permettent d'éliminer la matière nuisible sur certains terrains selon le même principe de fonctionnement déjà décrit. La différence est que ces échancrures agissent sur le terrain avec un effet de dégagement, creusant la matière dans le sens de rotation 17 et la force rotative ou tangentielle 6 (Figures 5 et 27) et la pression horizontale 15.The notches 3 (Figures 1, 2, 17 and 18) made in relief make it possible to eliminate the harmful material on certain grounds according to the same operating principle already described. The difference is that these notches act on the ground with a release effect, digging the material in the direction of rotation 17 and the rotary or tangential force 6 (Figures 5 and 27) and the horizontal pressure 15.
Les pneus de motocross (Figures 7 à 9) comportent des échancrures en négatif 2, en relief 3 ou combiné, destinées à des terrains désertiques, accidentés, sablonneux, rocailleux ou à des routes défoncées. Ces pneus se cramponnent sur toute surface difficile et limitent le dérapage de la roue arrière grâce aux échancrures 2 qui s'opposent au mouvement latéral de dérapage. Les mêmes phénomènes ont lieu pour les courses VTT où les pneus échancrés des Figures 10 à 13 peuvent améliorer leurs performances. Comme on le voit sur ces figures, les pneus de la Figure 10 ont des doubles échancrures angulaires 3 en positif et ceux de la Figure 12 ont des doubles échancrures angulaires 2 en négatif. Les pneus de la Figure 12 ont des échancrures 3 en positif et ceux de la Figure 13 ont des échancrures angulaires 2 en négatif.Motocross tires (Figures 7 to 9) have notches in negative 2, in relief 3 or combined, intended for desert, uneven, sandy, rocky terrain or rough roads. These tires cling to any difficult surface and limit the skidding of the rear wheel thanks to the notches 2 which oppose the lateral skidding movement. The same phenomena occur for MTB races where the scalloped tires of Figures 10 to 13 can improve their performance. As can be seen in these figures, the tires in FIG. 10 have double angular notches 3 in positive and those in FIG. 12 have double angular notches 2 in negative. The tires in Figure 12 have notches 3 in positive and those in Figure 13 have angular notches 2 in negative.
Les surfaces d'adhérence peuvent être utilisées sur des chenilles (Figures 25 à 29) pour résoudre les inconvénients inhérents aux terrains instables : neige, glace, sable, etc. Ces chenilles peuvent être montées sur des engins comme des motos-neige, des utilitaires, des camions, tracteurs, engins forestiers, engins de nivelage et d'entretien des pistes et des routes, engins militaires, etc.The grip surfaces can be used on tracks (Figures 25 to 29) to solve the drawbacks inherent in unstable terrain: snow, ice, sand, etc. These tracks can be mounted on vehicles such as snowmobiles, utility vehicles, trucks, tractors, forestry equipment, leveling and track maintenance equipment and roads, military vehicles, etc.
Comme on le voit sur les Figures 17, 18 et 25 à 29, les chenilles obtenues selon l'invention ont un profil différent par rapport aux chenilles classiques. Ceci favorise l'action de l'angle d'attaque 11, les espaces creux ou en relief 3 agissant suivant le même principe, avec une efficacité plus importante grâce aux dimensions de la surface de contact 1 et de sa topologie (voir en particulier la Figure 29).As can be seen in Figures 17, 18 and 25 to 29, the tracks obtained according to the invention have a different profile compared to conventional tracks. This promotes the action of the angle of attack 11, the hollow or raised spaces 3 acting on the same principle, with greater efficiency thanks to the dimensions of the contact surface 1 and its topology (see in particular the Figure 29).
L'invention permet aussi de créer des revêtements échancrés (Figure 6) s 'adaptant sur des pneus ou chenilles traditionnels. Ils peuvent revêtir la forme de housses rigides, souples ou semi-rigides (Figures 14 et 15), pouvant ainsi remplacer les chaînes traditionnelles, sans endommager les routes et l'asphalte.The invention also makes it possible to create scalloped coverings (FIG. 6) adapting to traditional tires or tracks. They can take the form of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid covers (Figures 14 and 15), which can thus replace traditional chains, without damaging roads and asphalt.
Comme déjà indiqué, les surfaces d'adhérence de l'invention peuvent être appliquées à différents types de surfaces, fixes ou mobiles, dans différents secteurs pour améliorer l'adhérence.As already indicated, the adhesion surfaces of the invention can be applied to different types of surfaces, fixed or mobile, in different sectors to improve the adhesion.
Ces surfaces d'adhérence peuvent être fixes : revêtements de sol destinés aux bâtiments ou sites avec de fréquentes circulations piétonnes ou motorisées, où les surfaces deviennent glissantes, soit par la nature de la matière qui la compose, soit par un plan d'inclinaison accentué.These adhesion surfaces can be fixed: floor coverings intended for buildings or sites with frequent pedestrian or motorized circulation, where the surfaces become slippery, either by the nature of the material which composes it, or by an accentuated inclination plane .
Les surfaces d'adhérence peuvent être mobiles, comme c'est le cas des semelles de chaussures de randonnée, de sport, etc. Grâce à leurs performances antidérapantes, les échancrures 2 créent un bref effet de mini-ventouse permettant des mouvements de déplacement efficaces, par des démarrages et des arrêts vifs. L'effet de mini-ventouse apparaît à chaque pression du mouvement d'appui, éliminé aussitôt par la pénétration de l'air dans les espaces creux des échancrures comme dans un détendeur. Dans une application aux semelles de chaussures (non représentées), les échancrures 2 et 3 sont appliquées sur une surface de contact plane, circulaire, convexe ou concave dans un montage d'échancrures 2 et 3 placées les unes derrière les autres ou les unes à côté des autres. Les échancrures peuvent incorporer des plages plates, synclinales ou anticlinales donnant naissance à leur intersection à des crampons de diverse formes groupés en monobloc dans une perspective transversale. Chaque groupe monobloc est caractérisé par un plan commun incliné obliquement (zone de compression 9) par rapport au plan de la semelle, descendant jusqu'à l'endroit du corps des blocs des crampons suivants.The grip surfaces can be movable, as is the case with the soles of hiking, sports shoes, etc. Thanks to their non-slip performance, the notches 2 create a brief mini-suction cup effect allowing efficient movement movements, by quick starts and stops. The effect of mini-suction cup appears with each pressure of the pressing movement, eliminated immediately by the penetration of air into the hollow spaces of the notches as in a regulator. In an application to shoe soles (not shown), the notches 2 and 3 are applied to a flat, circular, convex or concave contact surface in a mounting of notches 2 and 3 placed one behind the other or one at a time. side of others. The notches can incorporate flat, synclinal or anticline areas giving rise to their intersection with spikes of various shapes grouped in one piece in a transverse perspective. Each monobloc group is characterized by a common plane inclined obliquely (compression zone 9) relative to the plane of the sole, descending to the location of the body of the blocks of the following studs.
Ainsi, ce plan oblique forme une zone d'appui (zone de compression 9) en amont et une zone de propulsion (zone d'action 12) en aval par rapport à son axe transversal, transformant la partie opposée de l'inclinaison (9) en zone active de propulsion (zone 12) sur toute la largeur de la semelle.Thus, this oblique plane forms a support zone (compression zone 9) upstream and a propulsion zone (action zone 12) downstream relative to its transverse axis, transforming the opposite part of the inclination (9 ) in the active propulsion zone (zone 12) over the entire width of the sole.
Dans le même temps, il se forme une zone de freinage du côté du talon, qui a les zones d'appui 9 et de propulsion 12 orientées dans le sens opposé par rapport aux zones 9 et 12 de l'avant de la semelle.At the same time, a braking zone is formed on the side of the heel, which has the support 9 and propulsion 12 zones oriented in the opposite direction with respect to zones 9 and 12 of the front of the sole.
L'interaction des zones d'appui 9 et des zones de propulsion 12, à l'endroit de leurs intersections, créent des zones de flexion et de déflexion correspondant aux articulations des métatarsiennes adaptant les semelles selon l'invention aux mouvements naturels de la marche et de la course.The interaction of the support zones 9 and the propulsion zones 12, at the point of their intersections, create flexion and deflection zones corresponding to the joints of the metatarsals adapting the soles according to the invention to the natural movements of walking. and racing.
La fabrication des semelles à échancrures 2 et 3 se fait par les procédés traditionnels d'injection et peut englober une plaque de résistance, réalisée en titane ou autre matériau, encastrée dans la masse lors de la fusion. Cela contribue à répartir la pression du poids du corps sur toute la surface et non pas uniquement au niveau des crampons et à protéger la commodité des mouvements dans certaines conditions spécifiques du terrain où les crampons classiques sollicités par la pression du poids provoquent une gêne, voire une douleur continuelle, au plat du pied, ce qui constitue un handicap dans leur fonctionnement.The manufacture of notches 2 and 3 soles is done by traditional injection methods and may include a resistance plate, made of titanium or other material, embedded in the mass during fusion. This helps to distribute the pressure of the body weight over the entire surface and not only at the level of the crampons and to protect the convenience of movements in certain specific conditions of the ground where the conventional crampons stressed by the pressure of the weight cause discomfort, or even continual pain, on the sole of the foot, which constitutes a handicap in their functioning.
Les semelles de l'invention définissent un nouveau mode de fonctionnement, dû à leur rigidité latérale influencée par les groupes monoblocs de crampons échancrés et à leur souplesse longitudinale due aux zones de flexion et de déflexion. De cette manière, la semelle devient active à plus de 80% créant un accrochage à compensation et une adhérence accrue dans toutes les directions des mouvements selon l'état du terrain et le type d'utilisation.The soles of the invention define a new mode of operation, due to their lateral rigidity influenced by the monoblock groups of notched crampons and to their longitudinal flexibility due to the flexion and deflection zones. In this way, the sole becomes more than 80% active, creating a compensating grip and increased grip in all directions of movement depending on the condition of the terrain and the type of use.
Traditionnellement, les semelles classiques à crampons vissées ou lamellées présentent une zone active approximative de 25% située uniquement à l'endroit où sont placés les crampons (adhérence limitée), tandis que le restant de la semelle, qui représente approximativement 75% de celle-ci, demeure neutre.Traditionally, conventional soles with screwed or laminated studs have an active area of approximately 25% located only where the studs are placed (limited grip), while the remainder of the sole, which represents approximately 75% of it. ci, remains neutral.
De manière générale, les surfaces d'adhérence de l'invention appliquées à des pneus, chenilles, revêtements, semelles, etc. éliminent les inconvénients des surfaces d'adhérence traditionnelles, qui comportent des cannelures ou analogues dans lesquelles la matière a tendance à se coller ou rester bloquée. In general, the grip surfaces of the invention applied to tires, tracks, coverings, soles, etc. eliminate the disadvantages of traditional adhesion surfaces, which have grooves or the like in which the material tends to stick or remain blocked.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Surfaces d'adhérence, notamment pneus, chenilles, revêtement pour pneus, comportant un plan général de contact (1) dans lequel sont formées des échancrures (2, 3) délimitant des espaces creux (4), caractérisées en ce que, dans une vue du plan général de contact (1), lesdites échancrures incluent :1. Grip surfaces, in particular tires, tracks, tire coverings, comprising a general contact plane (1) in which notches (2, 3) are formed delimiting hollow spaces (4), characterized in that, in a view of the general contact plane (1), said notches include:
- un sommet (10) qui constitue le point le plus avancé, ou le plus reculé selon l'orientation, d'une entaille ou d'un contour et qui présente un angle d'attaque (11) formant une surface d'action (12) et une surface de compression (9), et- a vertex (10) which constitutes the most advanced point, or the most moved back according to the orientation, of a notch or a contour and which has an angle of attack (11) forming an action surface ( 12) and a compression surface (9), and
- une ouverture (13) égale à sa propre largeur (18) et contenant son angle d'ouverture (14) qui part de l'axe de l'ouverture et passe par deux points d'intersection d'un côté et de l'autre de l'entaille ou du contour.- an opening (13) equal to its own width (18) and containing its opening angle (14) which starts from the axis of the opening and passes through two points of intersection on one side and the other of the notch or the contour.
2. Surfaces d'adhérence selon la revendication 1, caractérisées en ce que les échancrures (2) délimitent des espaces creux (4) créant une géométrie en négatif par rapport à leur topologie.2. Adhesion surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the notches (2) delimit hollow spaces (4) creating a geometry in negative with respect to their topology.
3. Surfaces d'adhérence selon la revendication 1, caractérisées en ce que les échancrures (3) délimitent des espaces creux (4) créant une géométrie en positif ou en relief par rapport à leur topologie.3. Adhesion surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the notches (3) delimit hollow spaces (4) creating a positive or raised geometry with respect to their topology.
4. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisées en ce que les échancrures (2) (en négatif) forment une entaille courbe, parabolique ou angulaire, afin de compresser de la matière à faible indice de friction et de cohésion dans les espaces creux (4).4. Adhesion surfaces according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the notches (2) (in negative) form a curved, parabolic or angular notch, in order to compress material with low friction index and of cohesion in the hollow spaces (4).
5. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications 1 et 3, caractérisées en ce que les échancrures (3) sont appliquées en relief suivant un contour courbe, parabolique ou angulaire afin de dégager de la matière glissante ou spécifique à faible cohésion.5. Adhesion surfaces according to one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the notches (3) are applied in relief along a curved, parabolic or angular contour in order to release slippery or specific material with low cohesion.
6. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce que les échancrures (2, 3) sont combinées en négatif ou en positif sur le même plan général de contact (1), donnant naissance à des configurations combinées symétriquement, asymétriquement ou dissymétriquement avec des reliefs cannelés traditionnels ou toute autre surface comportant des dérivés d'échancrures.6. Adhesion surfaces according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the notches (2, 3) are combined in negative or in positive on the same general contact plane (1), giving rise to symmetrically combined configurations , asymmetrically or asymmetrically with traditional fluted reliefs or any other surface comprising derivatives of notches.
7. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisées en ce qu'elles comportent par leur configuration et leur fonctionnement des espaces creux (4) ou en relief (3) à l'intérieur de leurs limites géométriques, contenant une profondeur (7) en négatif ou une hauteur (8) en positif, variables, délimités par une entaille ou par un contour, orientés vers le bas ou vers le haut par rapport au plan général de contact (1), donnant naissance à des surfaces de compression (9) ou de dégagement, qui remontent ou descendent obliquement, de façon synclinale, anticlinale ou plate par rapport au plan général de contact (1), jusqu'à l'endroit où débute l'entaille ou le contour de l'échancrure (2, 3) suivante.7. Adhesion surfaces according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that they have, by their configuration and their functioning, hollow (4) or raised (3) spaces within their geometric limits, containing a depth (7) in negative or height (8) in positive, variable, delimited by a notch or by a contour, oriented downwards or upwards relative to the general plane of contact (1), giving rise to surfaces compression (9) or release, which go up or down obliquely, in a synclinal, anticline or flat with respect to the general plane of contact (1), to the place where the notch or the contour of the next notch (2, 3).
8. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, destinées à des semelles de chaussures, caractérisées en ce qu'elles comportent des échancrures (2, 3) ou des combinaisons d'échancrures (2, 3) pouvant incorporer des plages plates, synclinales ou anticlinales, créant un ensemble cohérent du plan général de contact (1) des semelles de chaussures, donnant naissance à leur intersection à des crampons de diverses formes, générant une multitude de groupes de crampons monoblocs dans une perspective transversale, chaque groupe monobloc étant caractérisé par un plan commun (12) incliné par rapport au plan général de contact (1) de la semelle, ledit plan incliné (9) à angle variable descendant jusqu'à l'endroit où commence le corps du bloc des crampons suivants dans un enchaînement non limitatif.8. Adhesion surfaces according to one of the preceding claims, intended for shoe soles, characterized in that they include notches (2, 3) or combinations of notches (2, 3) which can incorporate pads flat, syncline or anticline, creating a coherent whole of the general contact plane (1) of the soles of shoes, giving rise to their intersection with studs of various shapes, generating a multitude of groups of monoblock studs in a transverse perspective, each group monoblock being characterized by a common plane (12) inclined with respect to the general contact plane (1) of the sole, said inclined plane (9) at variable angle descending to the point where the body of the block of the following studs begins in a nonlimiting sequence.
9. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisées en ce qu'elles constituent des revêtements réalisés sur la même structure et les mêmes matériaux que les pneus ou les chenilles.9. Grip surfaces according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they constitute coatings produced on the same structure and the same materials as the tires or the tracks.
10. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisées en ce que les échancrures (2, 3) sont appliquées sur des revêtements de sol.10. Adhesion surfaces according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the notches (2, 3) are applied to floor coverings.
11. Surfaces d'adhérence selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisées en ce qu'elles sont appliquées sur des semelles de chaussures de randonnée et particulièrement appliquées sur des semelles de chaussures de sport. 11. Grip surfaces according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they are applied to the soles of hiking shoes and particularly applied to the soles of sports shoes.
PCT/FR2001/003830 2001-12-04 2001-12-04 Adherence surface in particular of tyres, tracks and shoe soles WO2003047886A1 (en)

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PCT/FR2001/003830 WO2003047886A1 (en) 2001-12-04 2001-12-04 Adherence surface in particular of tyres, tracks and shoe soles
AU2002216168A AU2002216168A1 (en) 2001-12-04 2001-12-04 Adherence surface in particular of tyres, tracks and shoe soles

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013047053A (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-07 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The Pneumatic tire
CN104890450A (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-09 丸井慎二 Bicycle tyre
WO2020201066A1 (en) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-08 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tread for an agricultural vehicle
CN112996673A (en) * 2018-11-14 2021-06-18 米其林集团总公司 Tread for agricultural vehicles
RU2799179C2 (en) * 2019-04-02 2023-07-04 Компани Женераль Дэз Этаблиссман Мишлен Agricultural vehicle tire tread

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US1522448A (en) * 1922-10-16 1925-01-06 Harig Carl Tire
US3006085A (en) * 1959-10-05 1961-10-31 Cambridge Rubber Co Ribbed outersole of moldable material
DE2116488A1 (en) * 1971-04-05 1972-10-12 Adolf Dassler Profiled outsole for sports shoes
DE2520796A1 (en) * 1975-05-09 1976-11-18 Adolf Dassler Tennis shoe with profiled plastics sole - whose front portion features fish scale contoured flat studs with inclined surface
WO1991004163A1 (en) * 1989-09-25 1991-04-04 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie Tyre tread with cells
WO1993021028A1 (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-10-28 Vadim Mikhailovich Matsepuro Tyre protector

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US1522448A (en) * 1922-10-16 1925-01-06 Harig Carl Tire
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DE2116488A1 (en) * 1971-04-05 1972-10-12 Adolf Dassler Profiled outsole for sports shoes
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013047053A (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-07 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The Pneumatic tire
CN104890450A (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-09 丸井慎二 Bicycle tyre
EP2915685A3 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-16 Shinji Marui Tire with segmented contact surface
TWI628091B (en) * 2014-03-03 2018-07-01 丸井慎二 Tire with segmented contact surface
CN112996673A (en) * 2018-11-14 2021-06-18 米其林集团总公司 Tread for agricultural vehicles
WO2020201066A1 (en) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-08 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tread for an agricultural vehicle
FR3094671A1 (en) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-09 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin agricultural vehicle tread
RU2799179C2 (en) * 2019-04-02 2023-07-04 Компани Женераль Дэз Этаблиссман Мишлен Agricultural vehicle tire tread
RU2799179C9 (en) * 2019-04-02 2023-08-24 Компани Женераль Дэз Этаблиссман Мишлен Agricultural vehicle tire tread

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