WO2002098019A1 - Suppresseur d'interference - Google Patents
Suppresseur d'interference Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002098019A1 WO2002098019A1 PCT/JP2002/004806 JP0204806W WO02098019A1 WO 2002098019 A1 WO2002098019 A1 WO 2002098019A1 JP 0204806 W JP0204806 W JP 0204806W WO 02098019 A1 WO02098019 A1 WO 02098019A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- sir
- path
- adaptive
- interference
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
- H04B1/7103—Interference-related aspects the interference being multiple access interference
- H04B1/7107—Subtractive interference cancellation
- H04B1/71075—Parallel interference cancellation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
- H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
- H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
- H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an interference canceller used for mobile communication, satellite communication, indoor communication, and the like.
- the present invention relates to an interference canceller that removes interference of other users on a user-by-user basis from received signals corresponding to a plurality of users. It is about canceller.
- a conventional interference canceller As a conventional interference canceller, for example, there is a “multi-user receiving apparatus” described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-138605.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional interference canceller, that is, the configuration of the multi-user receiving apparatus.
- the conventional interference canceller removes the known multi-user spatiotemporal interference from the high-rate user signal, and removes the high-rate user signal from the received signal from the low-rate user signal.
- Interference cancellation is performed by antenna directivity control.
- the operation of the multi-user interference canceller for each low-rate user signal is omitted.
- the CDMA signal is received by the antennas 101-1 to 101-N (N is a natural number), and the high-rate user signal is received by the interference cancellation processing unit 10
- IEU interference estimator
- stages of interference cancellation processing units 102—1 to: 102— ⁇ are formed, the IEU 103-1-1 of each stage corresponding to a high-rate user signal ;! ⁇ 103 — 03— ⁇ receives the interference cancellation residual signal for each antenna obtained in the interference cancellation processing at the previous stage and the symbol replica corresponding to the same user signal at the previous stage, and receives the user signal at each stage.
- the demodulation process is performed by the unique antenna directivity. Then, it generates a symbol replica of the current stage and outputs it to the next stage.
- low-rate user DEM (demodulator: hereinafter, simply referred to as DEM) 1 04- 1 ⁇ 1 0 4 - In kappa, (.mu. 1) interference removal residual obtained for each antenna in the interference removal processing stage It receives signals, demodulates them according to the antenna directivity unique to each user signal, and outputs a demodulated signal corresponding to each low-rate user signal.
- FIG 16 is a diagram showing the structure of the above IEU.
- the EU performs processing on a path-by-path basis corresponding to a multipath transmission path having a plurality of paths (# 1 to # ⁇ ).
- the despreading unit 1 1 1—1 to 1 1 1—— receives the interference cancellation residual signal for the preceding antenna unit and performs despreading for each antenna.
- the adder 1 13 combines the outputs of the multipliers 1 1 2—1 to I 1 2—N.
- the multiplier 114 weights the symbol replica corresponding to the same user signal at the previous stage. Adder 1 1 5 Then, the output of the adder 113 and the output of the multiplier 114 are added.
- the output of the adder 1 15 is demodulated using the transmission path estimation value for each path.
- synchronous detection and demodulation are performed, and weighting is performed to achieve maximum ratio combining.
- the adder 120 combines the outputs of the detectors 116 for each pass.
- the determiner 122 determines the output of the adder 120.
- the multiplier 122 multiplies the output of the decision unit 122 by the transmission path estimation value for each path to generate a symbol replica of the current stage, and outputs the symbol replica to the next stage.
- the subtracter 1 2 3 subtracts the output of the multiplier 1 14 from the output of the multiplier 1 2 2.
- the output of the subtractor 123 is weighted.
- the multipliers 1 2 5 — 1 to 1 2 5 — N multiply the output of the multiplier 1 2 4 by a complex conjugate weight ⁇ ZN W ⁇ TZN obtained by normalizing the weights Wi to W N by the number of antennas.
- the spreading sections 1 26-1 to 1 26 -N spread the output of each multiplier for each antenna.
- the output of each path of each diffusion unit is added for each antenna.
- IEU 103-1-1-1 to 103-3-K receives the received antenna signal as the interference cancellation residual signal at the previous stage and converts it as the symbol replica corresponding to the same user signal at the previous stage. , 0 are used.
- IEU 103-M—1 to: L03-M—K only the demodulated signal output from the adder 120 is output, and the subsequent interference estimation processing and interference cancellation are performed. No update processing of the residual signal is performed.
- the weight Wi ⁇ W N are separately used steering antenna weights and adaptive control weights determined based on the arrival direction estimation of the user signals.
- weighting factors to be multiplied by the multipliers 1 1 4 and 1 2 4 are, for example, 1— (1—a) is a real number of 1 or less, m is the number of stages and is an integer of 2 to ⁇ , and ⁇ . .
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the configuration of the above DEM.
- the DEM performs path-by-path processing corresponding to a multipath transmission path having a plurality of paths.
- Despreading sections 1 3 1—1 to: L 3 1— ⁇ receive the interference cancellation residual signal for each antenna obtained in the interference cancellation processing of the ( ⁇ -1) stage, and despread each antenna. line U.
- the multipliers 13 22-1 to 13 22-N weight the output of each despreading unit.
- the adders 133 combine the outputs of the multipliers.
- the detector 13 4 demodulates the output of the adder 13 3 using the transmission path estimation value for each path.
- the adder 135 combines the detector outputs for each path and outputs a demodulated signal.
- the antenna directivity control and the multi-user interference canceller are used for the user signal having a large signal power to perform the interference cancellation, and the antenna is provided for the user signal having the small signal power.
- the antenna directivity control and the multi-user interference canceller are used for the user signal having a large signal power to perform the interference cancellation, and the antenna is provided for the user signal having the small signal power.
- the convergence of beamforming takes time due to the algorithm of the adaptive array antenna. Therefore, the conventional interference canceller supports reception of short time signals such as bucket-random access channel (RACH). No, there was a problem.
- RACH bucket-random access channel
- the SIR of the received signal is improved as the number of stages of the interference canceller (the number of subtraction of the replica signal) is increased.
- TPC transmission power control
- the present invention provides an interference canceller that supports reception of a short time signal such as a packet or a random access channel (RACH), and also supports high-speed TPC by taking into account the ability to follow fading fluctuations. It is intended to be. Disclosure of the invention
- multi-beam forming means for forming B beams having fixed directivity by using signals of N antenna element units and outputting a signal for each beam (described later) Antennas in the form of 1-1-1-N, AGC 2-1-2-N, quasi-synchronous detector 3 — !! 3-N, AZD 4 -—! ⁇ 4-N, And generating path position information corresponding to the P valid paths detected using the per-beam signal, and further using the per-beam signal and the path position information.
- User-specific multi-beam demodulation means multi-beam demodulator for low-rate user 6-:!
- ⁇ 6 that generates a first beam-combined signal (soft-decision value) by combining each beam signal after interference removal.
- N (corresponding to a high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7-1 to 7-N H ), the path position information, the first beam-combined signal, and the first beam-combined signal.
- User-specific high-speed user replica generation means (high-speed rate generator) that generates replica signals and symbol replicas for each beam using the transmission path estimation results calculated for each path when generating Multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7- :! to 7-N H ) for the remote user and the corresponding beam-based replica signal from the beam-based signal provided with the time required for the beam-based replica signal generation processing.
- Component subtraction means (corresponding to a subtractor 111:! ⁇ 11-B) for subtracting the interference component by the high-speed rate sensor, and for each path for each beam signal after removing the interference component.
- the adaptive beamforming is performed by performing the weight control of (i), and then the signal after adaptive beam forming for each path is synthesized to generate a first adaptive beam synthesized signal (soft decision value).
- user a separate low-rate users for ⁇ Dapu Restorative beam demodulation means (corresponding to ⁇ low-speed rate Toyuza Dapu Restorative beam demodulator 1 2-1 ⁇ 1 2-N L), characterized Rukoto equipped with.
- the multi-beam demodulation unit generates an average power delay profile using a known sequence for each slot included in the signal for each beam signal unit, and A beam-by-beam path detecting means for detecting a path corresponding to a desired signal from the profile, and selecting P paths in descending order of the average power value of the detected paths, and selecting a path corresponding to the selected path. And a path selecting means for outputting a temporal Z-space position as path position information.
- the multi-beam demodulation unit includes: RAKE combining means for performing transmission path estimation on the beam-by-beam signal for each path, demodulating the beam-by-beam signal using a transmission path estimation value for each path, and RAKE combining the demodulated signal for each path; Normalizing means for performing interference power estimation on the signal for each beam in units, and normalizing the demodulated signal after RAKE combining using the interference power estimated value for each path; and combining all normalized signals. And a beam-combined signal generating means for generating the first post-beam-combined signal.
- the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation means includes: a beam-by-beam signal after removing the interference component; the path position information; and a signal after the first adaptive beam combining signal.
- First weight control means for performing weight control by a predetermined algorithm based on the hard decision result, and first weight control means for synthesizing the signal after the weight control and generating a signal after adaptive beam formation in path units
- Adaptive beam forming signal generation means a first fading compensation means for performing fading compensation on the adaptive beam forming signal for each path, and an adaptive signal after fading compensation obtained for each path.
- a first soft format that combines signals after beamforming and outputs the first signal after adaptive beam synthesis as a result of the combination Characterized in that it comprises the value output means.
- the first after-beam-synthesized signal and the first after-adaptive-beam-synthesized signal are adaptively selected and output using a predetermined reference.
- the selection means (corresponding to the soft-decision data selection unit 14) is provided.
- a first SIR estimation value is calculated using a known sequence for each slot and the path position information included in the beam-by-beam signal.
- a second SIR estimate is calculated based on the signal after the adaptive beam forming in the adaptive beam demodulation means, and the first and second SIR estimates are compared, and based on the comparison result,
- a first SIR correction means (corresponding to the SIR correction unit 13) for adaptively correcting the SIR value is provided.
- the first SIR correction means includes: first subtraction means for subtracting the second SIR estimation value from the first SIR estimation value; and A first correction amount calculating means for calculating an SIR correction amount by averaging, the first SIR estimated value and the second SIR estimated value are compared, and a ⁇ second SIR estimated value first SIR estimation Value (or second SIR estimated value> first SIR estimated value) ”, and a first comparison / correction unit that corrects the SIR value.
- the first selecting means selects a soft decision value corresponding to a good SIR estimated value from the first and second SIR estimated values.
- the symbol replica for each beam is individually added to the signal for each beam after removing the interference component, and weight control for each path is performed on the addition result.
- a high-rate user-specific adaptive user for forming a adaptive beam and then combining the adaptive beam-formed signals for each unit to generate a second adaptive beam-combined signal (soft decision value) It is characterized in that it comprises beam demodulation means (corresponding to a high-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit 15-1 to 15-1 ).
- the high-rate user adaptive beam demodulation means comprises: an addition means for weighting and adding a symbol replica for each beam to the signal for each beam after removing the interference component; Second weight control means for performing weight control by a predetermined algorithm based on the signal for each beam after the addition, the path position information, and a hard decision result of the second signal after adaptive beam synthesis, A second adaptive beamforming signal generation means for combining the signals after the weight control to generate a signal after adaptive beamforming in path units, and generating a signal after adaptive beamforming for each path. Second fading compensation means for performing fading compensation on the path, and an adaptation after fusing compensation obtained for each path.
- Second fading compensation means for performing fading compensation on the path, and an adaptation after fusing compensation obtained for each path.
- a second signal for adaptively selecting and outputting the first post-beam-synthesized signal and the second post-beam-synthesized signal using a predetermined reference is provided. (Equivalent to the soft decision data selection unit 17).
- a third SIR estimated value is calculated using the known sequence for each slot and the path position information included in the beam-by-beam signal, and A fourth SIR estimated value is calculated based on the signal after the adaptive beam forming in the adaptive beam demodulating means, and the third and fourth SIR estimated values are compared, and based on the comparison result, A second SIR correction means (corresponding to the SIR correction unit 16), which adaptively corrects the SIR value, is provided.
- the second SIR correction means includes: a second subtraction means for subtracting the fourth SIR estimated value from the third SIR estimated value; and A second correction amount calculating unit that calculates an SIR correction amount by averaging, the third SIR estimated value and the fourth SIR estimated value are compared, and a ⁇ fourth SIR estimated value third SIR estimated Value (or fourth SIR estimated value> third SIR estimated value) ”, and second comparison Z correction means for correcting the SIR value.
- the second selecting means selects a soft decision value corresponding to a good SIR estimated value from the third and fourth SIR estimated values.
- multi-beam forming means for forming B beams having fixed directivity by using signals of N antenna element units and outputting a beam-by-beam signal, Generating path position information corresponding to the P valid paths detected using the beam-by-beam signal;
- User-specific multi-beam demodulation means for generating a first post-beam-synthesis signal (soft decision value) obtained by synthesizing a signal for each beam after interference removal using the path position information, the path position information, Generating a replica signal and a symbol replica for each beam by using the transmission-path estimation result calculated for each path when generating the first beam-combined signal and the first beam-combined signal.
- a high-rate user's rewritable force generating means and performs reverse beamforming on the beam-by-beam repulsive force signal and the beam-by-beam symbolic repulsive force; and - (corresponding to :! ⁇ 2 3 0- N H inverse beamforming unit 2 3 0), inverse beamforming means that generates a Shimpo Le replica after beamforming An interference component that removes an interference component caused by a high-rate user by subtracting the corresponding inverse beamforming replica signal from the antenna element unit signal delayed by the time required for the replica signal generation processing after inverse beamforming. And a weight control means (equivalent to a subtractor 2 32 2—!
- the multi-beam demodulation unit generates an average power delay profile for each signal unit for each beam using a known sequence for each slot included in the signal.
- a beam-by-beam path detecting means for detecting a path corresponding to a desired signal from the average power delay profile, and selecting P paths in descending order of the average power value of the detected paths, and And a path selecting means for outputting a temporal / spatial position corresponding to the path as path position information.
- the multi-beam demodulation means performs transmission path estimation for the beam-by-beam signal for each path, and RAKE combining means for RAKE combining the demodulated signal for each path after demodulating using the transmission path estimation value for each path, and estimating the interference power for each signal for each path, and after RAKE combining Normalization means for normalizing the demodulated signal using the estimated interference power value for each path, and beam-combined signal generation means for combining all of the normalized signals to generate a first beam-combined signal. It is a special feature to have,.
- the low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulating means includes: an antenna element unit signal after removing the interference component; the path position information; First weight control means for performing weight control according to a predetermined algorithm based on the determination result; and synthesizing the signal after the weight control to generate a signal after beam forming by the adaptive antenna for each path.
- First post-beamforming signal generating means First fading compensation means for performing fading compensation on the post-beamforming signal by the adaptive antenna for each path, and after fading compensation obtained for each path.
- the first soft decision value output output that combines the post-beamforming signals and outputs the second post-beamcombining signal as a result of the synthesis And stage, in that it comprises a Tokushiki.
- the first selection section adaptively selects and outputs the first post-beam combining signal and the second post-beam combining signal using a predetermined reference. Means.
- a first SIR estimated value is calculated using a known sequence for each slot and the path position information included in the beam-by-beam signal.
- a second SIR estimation value is calculated based on the signal after beam formation in the user adaptive antenna demodulating means, the first and second SIR estimation values are compared, and the adaptive estimation is performed based on the comparison result.
- a first SIR correction means for correcting the SIR value.
- the first SIR correction means includes: first subtraction means for subtracting the second SIR estimation value from the first SIR estimation value; and Averaging to calculate the SIR correction amount (1) comparing the first SIR estimated value with the second SIR estimated value, and comparing the second SIR estimated value with the first SIR estimated value (or the second SIR estimated value> (First SIR estimated value) ”, and a first comparison Z correction unit that corrects the SIR value at the time.
- the first selecting means selects a soft decision value corresponding to a good SIR estimated value from the first and second SIR estimated values.
- a symbol replica after inverse beamforming for each beam is individually added to the antenna element unit signal after removing the interference component, and a weight for each path is added to the addition result.
- ⁇ Dapu Restorative antenna demodulation means high-rate users for Adaputibuan antenna demodulator 2 3 4 - corresponds to :! ⁇ 2 3 4- N H) , characterized in that it comprises a.
- the high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation means weights and adds the symbol replica after inverse beamforming for each beam to the antenna element unit signal after removing the interference component.
- Second weight control means for performing weight control by a predetermined algorithm based on the antenna element unit signal after the weighted addition, the path position information, and a hard decision result of the third beam-combined signal;
- a second beam forming signal generating means for combining the signals after the weight control and generating a beam forming signal by the adaptive antenna for each path, and an adaptive antenna for each path.
- a second fading compensation means for performing fading compensation on the signal after the beamforming by Beamforming after signal after fading compensation obtained for each scan were combined to a second soft decision value output means for outputting a third beam after synthesis signal as a synthesized result, characterized in that it comprises a.
- the first post-beam combining signal And second selecting means for adaptively selecting and outputting the second post-beam-synthesizing signal using a predetermined criterion.
- a third SIR estimated value is calculated using the known sequence for each slot and the path position information included in the beam-by-beam signal, and “C” indicates the high-speed rate.
- a fourth SIR estimated value is calculated based on the signal after beam formation in the user adaptive antenna demodulating means, and the third and fourth SIR estimated values are compared.
- a second SIR correction means for correcting the SIR value.
- the second SIR correction means includes: a second subtraction means for subtracting the fourth SIR estimated value from the third SIR estimated value; and A second correction amount calculating means for calculating an SIR correction amount by averaging, and comparing the third SIR estimated value and the fourth SIR estimated value, ⁇ the fourth SIR estimated value ⁇ the third SIR And a second comparison means for correcting the SIR value when the estimated value (or the fourth SIR estimated value> the third SIR estimated value may be satisfied).
- the second selecting means selects a soft decision value corresponding to a good SIR estimated value from the third and fourth SIR estimated values.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an interference canceller according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a multi-beam forming unit 5
- FIG. Fig. 4 shows a multi-beam demodulation unit for low-rate users.
- Is a diagram showing the configuration of a ⁇ 6- N L
- Figure 5 is an view showing the configuration of the path detection section 3 0.
- Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a known sequence provided for each slot
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of a high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7-1 to 7- NH
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7-1 to 7- NH
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a low-rate user adaptive beam demodulator 12-1 to 12- NL
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of the high-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit 1 5-1—15 NH
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of the SIR correction units 13 and 16.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of the interference canceller according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation unit 233-1 to 233 -N
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the configuration of the L antenna
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the configuration of the high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation units 234-1 to 234- NH
- FIG. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of the canceller
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of the EU
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the configuration of the DEM.
- Embodiment 1 Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interference canceller according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- 1-1, 1-1, 2-3, ' ⁇ , 1–N are antennas
- 2-1, 2-2, 2–3, ⁇ , 2–N are AGC (Auto Gain Control)
- 3-1, 3, -2, 3-3, ..., 3N are quasi-synchronous detectors
- 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, ... , 4-N are A / D (analog Z-to-digital converters)
- 5 is a multi-beam forming unit
- 6-1, 1, ..., 6- NL are low-rate user multi-beam demodulators (LRUMBDEM).
- 7-1, ' ⁇ , 7-N H is the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator (HRUMB I CDEM), and 8-1, 1, ⁇ , 8 1 N 9 1 1 , ⁇ , 9— N H , 10— 1, 10— 2, 10 ⁇ 1 3, ⁇ ⁇ , 10— B are delay units, 11, 1, 11-2, 11-3, ⁇ , 11—B is a subtractor, and 12—1,..., 12— NL is an adaptation for low-rate users.
- 13 and 16 are SIR correction sections
- 14 and 17 are soft decision data selection sections
- 15-1, 1, ..., 15- NH are adapters for high-rate users.
- the active beam demodulator HRUABDEM).
- the multi-beamforming unit 5 that receives the antenna signals # 1 to #N after the automatic gain control, quasi-synchronous detection, and AZD conversion processing forms B multi-beams. Beam).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of multi-beam forming ⁇ 5.
- 20—1, 20-2,..., 20—B are multibeam forming units
- 21, 22, and 23 are multipliers
- 24 is a combining unit.
- a multi-beam is formed using an antenna signal before despreading.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an image of B multi-beams.
- the per-beam signals # 1 to #B output from the multi-beamforming unit 5 are divided into delay units 10-1 to 10-B, low-rate user multi-beam demodulation units 61-1 1 to 6- NL, and high-speed Output to the rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulators 7-1 to 7- NH .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a low-rate user for Ma Little one arm demodulator (LRUMBDEM) 6- 1 ⁇ 6- N L .
- 30 is a path detector
- 31-1, 31-2, ..., 31-B are RAKE-combined signal generators for each beam
- 32 and 33 are combiners.
- 40—P, 40-2,..., 40—P are the per-path detection Z interference power estimation units
- 41 is the SIR estimation unit
- 42 is the averaging unit
- 43 is the combining unit.
- 44 is a divider
- 50 is a despreader
- 51 is a delay unit
- 52 is a transmission path estimator
- 53 is an interference power estimator
- 54 is a complex conjugate calculator.
- 55 are complex multipliers.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of the path detection unit 30.
- reference numerals 60-1, 60-2,..., 60—B denote path detection units for each beam
- 61 denotes a path selection unit
- 70 denotes a despreading unit
- 71 denotes a transmission path.
- An estimation unit 72 is an average power value calculation unit, 73 is a threshold value calculation unit, 74 is a determination unit, 75 is an interference power value calculation unit, 76 is a divider,
- the path detector 30 selects P paths at different times from the despread signal affected by the multipath wave, using the B beams of each signal.
- the operation will be described using the configuration of the beam-by-beam path detection unit 60-1.
- the despreading unit 70 To perform despreading. Then, the transmission path estimating unit 71 uses the pilot symbols (see slot configuration in FIG. 6), which are known sequences provided for each slot, to add all the symbols of one slot in-phase. Then, an instantaneous transmission channel estimation value is obtained.
- the average power value calculation unit 72 performs a power averaging process over several slots using the transmission channel estimation value obtained by the transmission channel estimation unit 71, and calculates an average power delay profile.
- the threshold calculator 73 sets a threshold power for path selection that is larger than the power of the path having the lowest power by A dB in the average power delay profile.
- the interference power value calculation unit 75 regards the power of the path below the threshold value in the average power delay profile as noise interference power, and calculates the interference power value.
- the judgment unit 74 compares the average power value calculation unit 72 output (average power delay profile) with the threshold value calculation unit 73 output (threshold value), and determines the average power value larger than the threshold value.
- the path having the path is a path corresponding to the desired signal. Then, it outputs information (beam identification number) on the temporal position of this path.
- the path power value of the path corresponding to the desired signal is input to a divider 76, where division for normality is performed using the interference power value, and the result of the division is output.
- the path detection unit 30 generally performs signal processing on only ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ predetermined paths in general due to HZW or SZW restrictions on the receiver side. Therefore, the path selection unit 61 selects ⁇ ⁇ paths in descending order of the average power value of the normalized paths so that ⁇ valid paths can be selected. Then, the path selection unit 61 outputs a temporal and spatial position corresponding to each selected path as path position information.
- the path detector 30 estimates the direction of arrival of the path by a simple method of spatial separation using multiple beams, and performs normalization using the interference power for each beam. By doing so, the effect of interference waves can be reduced (improving SIR), so that path detection accuracy can be improved. Also, by forming multi-beams in all sectors, for example, it is possible to receive a signal from one user in multiple sectors (multiple paths arrive with spread angles). In a base station with potential, path search in all directions of senor becomes possible (path search is possible regardless of the concept of sector). In addition, since a fixed multi-beam common to all users is used, the demodulation process becomes easy.
- the RAKE-combined signal generator 31- At ⁇ 31-B, RAKE-combined signals are generated in beam units.
- the operation will be described using the configuration of the beam-specific RAKE-combined signal generation unit 311.
- the despreading unit 50 provided for each path performs despreading for each path (path # 1 to path #P) based on the received temporal and spatial path position information. Then, the despread signal is output to SIR estimation section 41, delay device 51 provided for each path, transmission path estimation section 52, and interference power estimation section 53.
- the transmission path estimating unit 52 corresponding to the path # 1 calculates the transmission path estimation value of the path # 1 by using the slot-based pilot symbol shown in FIG.
- the complex conjugate calculation unit 54 corresponding to the path # 1 calculates the complex conjugate value of the above-mentioned estimated channel value.
- the complex multiplier 55 corresponding to the path # 1 multiplies the complex conjugate value by the signal after despreading delayed by a predetermined time by the delay unit 51 to obtain a weight and phase proportional to the signal amplitude. Output the signal of path # 1 from which fluctuation has been removed.
- the signals of path # 2 to path #P are respectively output, and the synthesizing unit 43 synthesizes all the signals of path # 1 to path #P at the same timing.
- the interference power estimating unit 53 corresponding to the path # 1 that has received the despread signal receives the despread signal (k s , j) corresponding to the path # 1 of the beam # 1 (where y a , b (k s , j) are complex numbers, a represents beam # a, b represents path #b, k s is the slot, j is the j-th pilot symbol in the th slot) Calculate interference power.
- the interference power estimating unit 53 removes the modulation component of the pilot symbol P s (k s , j) (where IP s (k s , j)
- 1) in the k s- th slot. Later, in-phase addition is performed for all symbols, and the channel estimation value V l (k s ) for the k s- th slot in path # 1 of beam # 1 (where 77 a and b (k s ) are complex numbers). Next, the interference power estimating unit 53 uses the calculated channel estimation value and the despread signal y (k s ,; i) to calculate the path # of beam # 1 according to equation (3).
- the interference power obtained by equation (4) is also calculated for paths # 2 to # ⁇ of beam # 1 as in path # 1 of beam # 1, and the averaging unit 42 calculates Averaging is performed according to 5), and the average interference power corresponding to beam # 1 is calculated. 4
- the division (normalization) unit 44 divides the combined signal output from the combining unit 43 by the average interference power of the received beam # 1, and generates a RAKE combined signal corresponding to the beam # 1 normalized by the interference power /Output. Note that this RAKE-combined signal is also calculated for beams # 2 to #B, similarly to beam # 1.
- the combining unit 33 combines the RAKE combined signals corresponding to all the beams, generates a beam combined signal, and outputs it.
- the post-beam-synthesis signal is output as a soft decision value to the delay unit 8-1-8 shown in FIG.
- the SIR estimating unit 41 corresponding to the beam # 1 calculates a signal power to interference power ratio corresponding to the beam # 1. Specifically, the interference power is calculated by the same processing as the above equations (3), (4), and (5) estimated for each beam. Then, the following processing is performed on the signal power.
- the SIR estimator 41 first calculates the k s -th slot pie port Ttoshinboru P s (k s, j) performs all Shinporu Niwata connexion phase addition after removing the modulation component of the beam # channel estimation value in the first path # 1 for the first k s th slot (k s ) is calculated. Then, by using the channel estimation value, by calculating the power value, the k s th Keru you to slot beams # 1 of the path # 1 of the signal power is calculated according to equation (6).
- the SIR estimating portion 41 can have a k s th beam # 1 of the path # 2 Path # P Nitsu in the slot is carried out the calculation of the power values, the SIR estimating portion 41, (7) a k s th slot according formula Calculate the signal power of beam # 1 at. Furthermore, the SIR estimating portion 41, as shown in equation (8), (5) performs the equation (7) division of formula to calculate the SIR estimated value of the beam # 1 in the k s th slot. The SIR estimated value is calculated for beams # 2 to #B in the same procedure as for beam # 1.
- the combining unit 32 combines all SIR estimated values calculated for beams # 1 to #B, and generates / outputs SIR estimated values after beam combining. .
- FIG. 8 is a high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7 - is a diagram showing the configuration of a. 1 to 7 _ N h.
- reference numeral 34 denotes a judgment unit.
- the structure similar to the multi-beam demodulator 6- 1 ⁇ 6- N L for the aforementioned low-speed laser Toyuza, description thereof is omitted are denoted by the same reference numerals. Also, in FIG.
- 8 replica generation unit in the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulation unit
- 80-1, 80 -2, ..., 80-B are beam-by-beam replica generation units
- 8 1— 1 to 8 1— P is a symbol-per-path rebl force generator
- 8 2 is a multiplier
- 8 3 is a spreader
- 8 4 is a combiner
- 8 5—1 to 8 5 — B is a multiplier.
- the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7-1 basically has the same configuration as the above-described low-rate user multi-beam demodulator, but in order to generate a replica signal, every B beams are used.
- the determination unit 34 calculates a data determination value required to generate a repli- cation signal, specifically, a hard decision value (for example, +1 or -1).
- a hard decision value for example, +1 or -1.
- the beam-combined signal is output as a soft-decision value to the delay units 9-1 to 9-1 NH shown in FIG.
- the replica generation unit shown in FIG. 8 generates a beam-based repli- cation signal as described below.
- the operation will be described using the configuration of the beam-based replica generation unit 80-1.
- the multiplier 82 adds the beam # 1 to the beam # 1. Is multiplied by the P number of channel estimation values per beam and the data determination value in units of P paths detected in the above. Then, the result of the multiplication is output as a symbol replica (symbol replica per beam # 1 to #B) for each pass (P) in beam # 1.
- the spreading unit 83 which receives the multiplication result obtained for each path, sets the timing of spreading for each path, and based on the path position information (time and space) obtained from the path detection unit 30. Perform diffusion.
- the combining unit 84 combines diffusion results corresponding to P paths. The result of the synthesis is calculated for beams # 2 to #B in the same procedure as for beam # 1.
- the multipliers 85-1 to 85-B multiply the combined result for each beam by a coefficient (0 ⁇ ⁇ 1) and a coefficient to generate a replica signal # 1 to # ⁇ for each beam.
- reception is performed using fixed multi-beams, unlike in the case of using the adaptive array antenna algorithm, it does not require a long time to converge beam forming as in the conventional technology. Can be improved.
- the interference power may be different for each beam of the multi-beam, the RAKE-combined signal for each beam is normalized using the interference power estimated as the pilot symbol. Therefore, it can easily cope with the reception of signals such as packets and random access channels (RACH) that are close to the slot length and have a short time length.
- RACH random access channels
- the SIR value for each path is calculated.
- the SIR value for transmission power control is calculated by combining the detected SIR values for each path for each user (a type of maximum ratio combining considering interference power).
- the beam The SIR value for transmission power can be calculated taking into account differences in interference power.
- the SIR value calculated from the signal before interference cancellation (the above-mentioned multi-beam demodulator for low-rate user and multi-beam interference canceller for high-rate user) ) And the SIR value calculated from the signal after interference cancellation (generated by the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulator and high-rate user adaptive beam demodulator described later). Then, the SIR value is corrected by the amount improved by the interference canceller (performed by the SIR correction unit 16 described later). This makes it easy to handle high-speed TPC (transmission power control).
- the signals per beam # 1 to #B delayed at 0-B and the per-beam replica signals # 1 to #B generated by the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulators are received. Then, by subtracting the corresponding beam-based replica signals # 1 to #B from the beam-based signals # 1 to #B, interference components due to high-rate users are removed.
- FIG. 9 shows an adaptive beam demodulator for low-rate users 12— :! 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of 12- NL .
- FIG. In Figure 9, 90— :! 90-P is a fading compensation unit for each pass, 91 is a combiner, 92 is a decision unit, 93 is an SIR estimator, and 201-1, 1, 20
- 201-B is a despreading unit
- 202 is a weight generation unit
- 203 is a multiplication unit
- 204 is a combiner
- 205 is a transmission channel estimation unit
- each of the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation units has the same configuration, The operation will be described using the configuration of the adaptive beam demodulation unit i 2-1 for the high-rate user. ,
- the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit 12-1 receives the interference-rejected beam-specific signals # 1 to #B from the subtracters 11-1 to 11-1B. Also, it receives path position information (time / space) from the path detector 30 of the multi-beam demodulator 6-1 for low-rate users.
- path position information time / space
- the operation will be described using the configuration of the fading compensating unit for each path 90-1.
- the per-path fading compensation unit 90-1 treats paths detected at the same temporal position in the B multiple beams as the same path.
- the despreading units 201-1 to 201-B corresponding to path # 1 perform the above-described interference cancellation on a beam basis at the timing obtained from the path position information.
- the byte generation unit 202 corresponding to path # 1 receives the path position information, the despread signal for each beam, and the determination value after adaptive beam formation described later, and performs LMS, RLS, SMI, etc.
- the weight is calculated by the MMS E standard algorithm. As the initial value of the weight, since the paths with the same temporal position have been received by multiple fixed multi-beams, the weight addition results of multiple fixed multi-beams are set. Convergence of the algorithm can be accelerated).
- the weight vector W t [w u> w 12 ,..., 1B ] ⁇ of the path # 1 generated by the eight generation unit 202
- the vector element Wij i represents a path number and j represents a beam number
- the combiner 204 corresponding to the path # 1 combines the above multiplication results, and generates a signal after adaptive beam forming corresponding to the path # 1.
- the signal after adaptive beam forming is output to transmission channel estimation section 205 and SIR estimation section 93.
- the processing of the channel estimation unit 205, the complex conjugate calculation unit 206 and the SIR estimation unit 93 Since the processing is the same as that of the above-described transmission channel estimating section 52, complex conjugate calculating section 54, and SIR estimating section 41, the description thereof is omitted.
- the multiplier 207 corresponding to the path # 1 multiplies the signal after adaptive beam forming by the complex conjugate value calculated by the complex conjugate calculation unit 206, thereby fading compensation. I do.
- the signal after adaptive beamforming after fading compensation is calculated for paths # 2 to #P in the same procedure as for path # 1.
- the combiner 91 combines the P pieces of adaptive beamformed signals after fading compensation, and outputs a soft decision value as a result of the combination. Finally, the decision unit 92 performs a hard decision for generating a byte based on the soft decision value.
- FIG. 10 shows an adaptive beam demodulation unit for high-rate user 15-:!
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of 115- NH .
- 2 1 0—1 to 2 10—P are the fading parts of each pass, and 2 1 1—1, 2 1 1—2,. 2 1, 2 1 2-2,..., 2 1 2-B are adders.
- the operation will be described using the configuration of the high-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit 15-1. .
- the high-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit 155-1 receives the signals # 1 to #B for each beam after interference removal from the subtractor 11-11 to 11-11B. It also receives path position information (temporal space) and per-beam symbol replicas # 1 to #B from the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7-1.
- path position information temporary space
- per-beam symbol replicas # 1 to #B from the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator 7-1.
- the multipliers 2 1 1—1 to 2 1 1—B convert the per-beam symbol replicas # 1 to #B and the coefficients (0 ⁇ ⁇ 1). Multiply each. And the adder 2 1 2— :! 2 2 1 2 — Power S, each of the above multiplication results and the despread signal for each beam are added.
- the weight generation unit 202 corresponding to path # 1 receives the path position information, the result of addition for each beam, and the determination value after adaptive beam formation, and uses the MMSE standard such as LMS, RLS, and SMI.
- the weight is calculated by an algorithm (similar to the adaptive beam demodulator for low-speed late users).
- the weight vector W! [W U) w 12 ( ..., W 1B ] of the path # 1 generated by the weight generation unit 202
- Each element of T (where i represents the path number and j represents the beam number in the elements of the weight vector) is multiplied by the addition result for each of the above beams. Since the configuration is the same as that of the adaptive beam demodulation unit for user, the description is omitted.
- the high-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit can improve the demodulation accuracy by receiving the beam-by-beam signal after the interference removal.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of the SIR head sections 13 and 16.
- 2 20 and 2 25 are subtractors
- 2 2 is an average calculator
- 2 2 is a delay unit
- 2 2 3 is a comparator
- 2 2 4 is a multiplier.
- the SIR measuring sections 13 and 16 have the same configuration, the operation will be described using the configuration of the S1 measuring section 13.
- the SIR correction unit 13 receives the SIR value after beam combining output from each low-rate user multi-beam demodulation unit and the SIR value output from each low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit.
- the subtractor 220 subtracts the SIR value from the SIR value after the beam combining.
- Average calculation The output unit 221 performs averaging processing over a plurality of slots to calculate the SIR correction amount.
- the multiplier 224 performs a multiplication process based on the selection signals of ⁇ 0 ”and ⁇ 1” output from the comparator 223.
- SIR correction is performed when the output power S of the comparator 2 23 is “S”, and no correction is performed when the output power is “0”.
- the above SIR correction amount is subtracted from the SIR value output by the beam demodulator, and the corrected SIR value for high-speed TPC is output.
- the SIR value from the low-rate user multi-beam demodulation unit is delayed by a delay unit 222 in consideration of the processing delay up to interference cancellation, and the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit is provided. Is input to the comparator 222 so that the time becomes the same as the SIR value from.
- the comparator 223 compares the SIR value after the delay with the SIR value from the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit.
- a selection signal “1” is output when X ⁇ Y
- a selection signal “0” is output when X ⁇ .
- This selection signal is also used as a selection signal for selecting a soft decision value of a demodulation section having a larger SIR value in a soft decision data selection section described later.
- the interference cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the SIR value of the multi-beam demodulation unit for low-rate user and the multi-beam interference canceller for high-rate user may be better.
- the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result with the larger SIR value.
- the amount of correction of the SIR value is calculated by subtracting the SIR value at the time of adaptive beam demodulation from the SIR value after beam combining at the time of multi-beam demodulation. Make corrections to the values. As a result, an SIR value in which the amount of improvement is considered can be obtained.
- the SIR value at the time of adaptive beam demodulation may be worse than the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation until the algorithm for beam forming converges. In that case, the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation will be used so that the transmission power does not increase.
- the operation of the soft decision data selectors 14 and 17 will be described. Since the soft decision data selection sections 14 and 17 perform the same processing, the operation of the soft decision data selection section 14 will be particularly described.
- the soft decision value from the low-rate user multi-beam demodulation unit obtained for each user and the soft decision value from the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation unit obtained for each user are:
- the delay units 8-1 to 8- NL shown in Fig. 1 delay the soft decision values from the low-rate user multibeam demodulation units 6-1 to 6- NL so that give.
- the soft decision data selection unit 14 selects / outputs a soft decision value having a better SIR value based on the selection signal. That is, if X ⁇ Y (or ⁇ > ⁇ ), the soft decision value on the X side is selected, and if X ⁇ (or ⁇ ⁇ ), the soft decision value on the ⁇ side is selected.
- a soft decision value from the demodulation unit in a better state of the SIR estimated value is selected. Therefore, when demodulating transmission data such as packets with a short time length, or when a mobile station moves at high speed, the algorithm for forming an adaptive beam does not sufficiently converge and the SIR value can be sufficiently improved. Good demodulation results can be obtained even when there is no demodulation.
- the low-rate user multi-beam demodulation section and the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulation section remove the interference component for each beam in the multi-beam, and generate the interference as a demodulation result.
- the soft decision value after component removal is output.
- the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulator and the high-rate user adaptive beam demodulator perform demodulation processing using each beam after removing the interference component, and output a soft decision value as a demodulation result. I do.
- the demodulation sections for the low-rate user select and output the optimal soft-decision value based on the SIR individually estimated.
- each of the demodulators for the high-rate user also selects and outputs the optimum soft decision value based on the SIR individually estimated. Thereby, good demodulation characteristics can be obtained.
- the low-rate user multi-beam demodulator and the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator have been described as separate components.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the same configuration may be shared between the user multi-beam demodulator and the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator.
- the multi-beam interference canceller demodulator for the high-rate user is configured as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, and the multi-beam demodulator for the low-rate user is not shown in FIG. 4 but in FIG. Be composed.
- the demodulation process is performed by adaptive beam forming using a multi-beam as an input.
- demodulation processing is performed by beam formation by an adaptive antenna demodulator that receives a signal per antenna element.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interference canceller according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 3 0- 1 ⁇ ' ⁇ , 2 3 0- N H is the inverse beamforming 231—1, 231-2, 231-3,..., 231—N are delay units, and 232—1, 232-2, 232—3,.
- 233-1,..., 233-1 N L is an adaptive antenna demodulation unit (LRUAADEM) for low-rate users, and 234—1,..., 234—N H is for high-speed users It is an adaptive antenna demodulation unit (HRUAADEM).
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the characteristic operation of the interference canceller according to the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, only operations different from those of the first embodiment will be described.
- inverse beamforming processing is performed using equation (9).
- N indicates the number of antennas.
- each element of the replica signal r after inverse beamforming output from the NH is a subtractor 2 3 2— :! for canceling interference components.
- ⁇ 2 3 2 Output for N.
- each element of the inverse beamforming after the beam for each symbol replica rv r is ⁇ for high-rate user Dapu Restorative antenna demodulator 2 34-! 2 2 34—Output for N.
- the delay unit 23 1—:! 22 3 1—N After each delay signal at antenna # 1 to #N, and the inverse beamforming replica signals generated by the inverse beamforming units 2 3 0—1 to 230—N Receives each element of r ⁇ ((# 1 to # ⁇ ) and. Then, by subtracting the corresponding replica signals # 1 to ## after inverse beamforming from the per-antenna signals # 1 to ##, interference components due to high-rate users are removed.
- the antenna-dependent signal after the interference component removal #. 1 to # New is ⁇ for low speed Retoyu
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of the low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation section 23 3-1 to 23 3- NL . 2— :! It is the same as ⁇ 1 2 -N L.
- the low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation section 2 33-1 receives the signals # 1 to # N for each antenna after interference removal from the subtracters 2 3 2-1 to 2 3 2 -N. Also, the path position information (time / space) is received from the path detector 30 of the low-rate user multi-beam demodulator 6-1.
- the fading correction unit for each pass (90-1 to 90-P) has the same configuration, the operation will be described using the configuration of the fading capture unit 90-0-1 for each pass. .
- the per-path fading compensation unit 90-1 treats paths detected at the same time position in a plurality of B beams as the same path.
- the despreading units 210-1 to 201-N corresponding to path # 1 transmit the above-mentioned interference to the antenna unit at the timing obtained from the path position information. After the removal, the signal of each antenna is despread.
- the weight generation unit 202 corresponding to path # 1 receives the path position information, the despread signal for each antenna, and the determination value after beam formation by an adaptive antenna described later, and receives LMS, RLS, SMI, etc.
- the weight is calculated by the algorithm based on the MMS E standard. As the initial value of the weight, since the paths with the same temporal position have been received by multiple fixed multibeams, the weight addition result of multiple fixed multibeams is set. Algorithm convergence can be accelerated.)
- the weight vector [w u , w 12 ,..., W 1N ] T ( In the elements of the weight vector, i represents a path number; i represents an antenna number) is multiplied by the despread signal.
- the combiner 20 corresponding to the path # 1 combines the above multiplication results, and generates a signal after beam forming by the adaptive antenna corresponding to the path # 1.
- the signal after beamforming by the channel estimation unit 205 and the SIR estimation unit 9 Output for 3 Note that the processing of the channel estimation unit 205, the complex conjugate calculation unit 206, and the SIR estimation unit 93 are performed in the same manner as the channel estimation unit 52, the complex conjugate calculation unit 54, and the SIR estimation unit described above. Since the processing is the same as the processing in 41, the description is omitted.
- the multiplier 207 corresponding to the path # 1 performs fading compensation by multiplying the above-mentioned beam-formed signal by the complex conjugate value calculated by the complex conjugate calculator 206.
- the signals after beamforming after fading compensation are: In the same procedure as in step # 1, paths # 2 to #P are also calculated.
- the combiner 91 combines the P pieces of post-beamforming signals after fading compensation, and outputs a soft decision value as a combined result. Finally, the decision unit 92 performs a hard decision for weight generation based on the soft decision value.
- the adaptive antenna demodulation unit for the low-rate user receives the signal for each antenna after removing the interference from the high-rate user, that is, receives only the signal of the low-rate user, thereby improving the demodulation accuracy. Can be done.
- a high-rate user ⁇ Dapu Restorative antenna demodulator operations of (HRUAAD EM) 2 3 4- 1 ⁇ 2 3 4- N H will be described.
- Figure 14 shows a high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation section 2 3 4—:!
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of 3 2 3 4 — NH , and the above-described adaptive beam demodulation sections 15-:! Same as ⁇ 1 5 1 NH .
- the operation will be described using the configuration of the high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulator 234-1.
- the above-mentioned fading compensation for each path is described. Since the units have the same configuration, the operation will be described using the configuration of the per-path fading compensation unit 210-1.
- the multipliers 2 1 1—1 to 2 1 1—N provide the symbol replicas per antenna # 1 to #N after inverse beamforming and the coefficient ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ 1) and. Then, the adders 2 1 2— :! to 2 1 2— ⁇ add each of the multiplication results and the despread signal for each antenna.
- the weight generation unit 202 corresponding to the path # 1 receives the path position information, the addition result for each antenna, and the determination value after beam forming by the adaptive antenna, and receives the MM S, RLS, SMI, etc. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Calculate weights using the standard algorithm (similar to low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation unit).
- the weight vector of the noise # 1 generated by the eight generation unit 202 [w u , w 12) ⁇ , ', w 1N ] T (
- Wij the weight vector element
- i a path number
- j an antenna number
- the high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation section can improve the demodulation accuracy by receiving the signal for each antenna after the interference removal.
- the amount of correction of the SIR value is calculated by subtracting the SIR value at the time of the adaptive antenna recovery from the SIR value after beam combining at the time of multi-beam demodulation. Correct the SIR value of. As a result, it is possible to obtain an SIR line in which the amount of improvement is considered.
- the SIR value at the time of adaptive antenna demodulation may be worse than the SIR value at the time of multibeam demodulation until the algorithm for beamforming converges.
- the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation is used so that the transmission power does not increase.
- the SIR value at the time of adaptive antenna demodulation is better than the SIR value at the time of multibeam demodulation, no correction is performed, and when the reverse is true, the correction is performed. As a result, it is possible to realize a good high-speed TPC with reduced transmission power.
- the low-rate user multi-beam demodulation unit and the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulation unit remove the interference component for each beam in the multi-beam, and generate the interference as a demodulation result.
- the soft decision value after component removal is output.
- the low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation section and the high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation section perform demodulation processing using the antenna element unit signal after removing the interference component, and perform soft decision as a demodulation result. Output the value.
- each of the demodulation sections for the low-rate user selects and outputs an optimum soft decision value based on the SIR individually estimated.
- each of the demodulation sections for the high-rate user also selects and outputs an optimal soft decision value based on the SIR individually estimated. Thereby, good demodulation characteristics can be obtained.
- the low-rate user multi-beam demodulator and the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator have been described as separate components.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the same configuration may be shared between the low-rate user multi-beam demodulator and the high-rate user multi-beam interference canceller demodulator.
- the multi-beam demodulation unit removes an interference component from each beam after multi-beam forming, and outputs a soft decision value as a demodulation result.
- the adaptive beam demodulation means for low-rate user removes an interference component by the high-rate user from the beam-by-beam signal after multi-beamforming, and performs demodulation processing using the beam-by-beam signal after removing the interference component,
- the soft decision value is output as the demodulation result.
- the adaptive beam demodulation means for the low-rate user does not converge the beam forming algorithm and sufficiently interferes with the interference. Even if the suppression is not possible, the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result of the multi-beam demodulation means.
- the direction of arrival of the path is estimated by a simple method of spatially separating using multi-beams, and normalization is performed using interference power for each beam, thereby obtaining interference. Since the effects of waves can be reduced (SIR can be improved), the path detection accuracy can be improved. Also, by forming multi-beams in all sectors, for example, a base station that may receive a signal from one user in multiple sectors enables path search in all directions of the cell. This has the effect. In addition, since a fixed multi-beam common to all users is used, there is an effect that demodulation processing becomes easy.
- the reception is performed by the fixed multi-beam, it takes a long time to converge the beam forming as in the case of using the algorithm of the adaptive array antenna.
- the interference power may be different for each beam of the multi-beam, the rake-combined signal for each beam is normalized using the interference power estimated as the pilot symbol. For this reason, it has the effect that it can easily cope with the reception of signals, such as packets and random access channels (RACH), which are close to the slot length and have a short time length.
- signals such as packets and random access channels (RACH)
- an adaptive beam demodulation means for a low-speed late user.
- the demodulation accuracy can be greatly improved.
- the algorithm for forming an adaptive beam does not sufficiently converge and the SIR value cannot be improved sufficiently. Even in situations, good demodulation results can be obtained.
- the adaptive beam demodulation means for the low-rate user may not be able to sufficiently suppress the interference until the convergence of the beam forming algorithm. That is, the SIR value of the multi-beam demodulation means may be in a better state. In such a case, there is an effect that the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result having the larger SIR value.
- the SIR value at the time of adaptive beam demodulation is better than the SIR value at the time of multibeam demodulation, correction is not performed, and when the SIR value is opposite, correction is performed. As a result, there is an effect that a good high-speed TPC with reduced transmission power can be realized.
- the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation is calculated by subtracting the SIR value at the time of adaptive beam demodulation from the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation. Make corrections to As a result, an SIR value in which the amount of improvement is considered can be obtained.
- the soft decision value from the demodulation means in a better state of the SIR estimated value is selected.
- the adaptive beam forming algorithm does not sufficiently converge, such as when demodulating transmission data with a short time length, such as packets, or when a mobile station moves at high speed. Even if the situation cannot be improved, a good demodulation result can be obtained.
- the multi-beam demodulation means removes an interference component from the signal for each beam after the multi-beam forming, and outputs a soft decision value as a demodulation result. So Then, the adaptive beam demodulation means for the high-rate user removes the interference component due to the high-rate user from the signal for each beam after the multi-beam forming, and performs the demodulation process using the signal for each beam after the interference component is removed. And outputs a soft decision value as a demodulation result.
- the adaptive beam demodulation means for the high-rate user does not converge the beam forming algorithm, and Therefore, even when the frequency is not sufficiently suppressed, the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result of the multi-beam demodulation means.
- the adaptive beam demodulation means for the high-rate user receives the signal for each beam after the interference has been eliminated, so that the demodulation accuracy can be greatly improved.
- the algorithm for forming an adaptive beam does not sufficiently converge and the SIR value cannot be improved sufficiently. Even in situations, good demodulation results can be obtained.
- the adaptive beam demodulation means for a high-rate user may not be able to sufficiently suppress the interference until the convergence of the algorithm for beamforming. That is, the SIR value of the multi-beam demodulation means may be in a better state. In such a case, there is an effect that the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result having the larger SIR value. Further, when the SIR value at the time of adaptive beam demodulation is better than the SIR value at the time of multibeam demodulation, no correction is performed, and when the opposite, the correction is performed. As a result, there is an effect that a good high-speed TPC with reduced transmission power can be realized.
- the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation is calculated by subtracting the SIR value at the time of adaptive beam demodulation from the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation. Make corrections to This allows us to take into account the amount of improvement SIR value can be obtained.
- the soft decision value from the demodulation means in a better state of the SIR estimated value is selected. Therefore, such as when demodulating transmission data with a short time length, such as packets, or when a mobile station moves at high speed, the situation where interference cancellation cannot be performed sufficiently, or the algorithm for forming an adaptive beam is sufficient. However, even if the SIR value cannot be sufficiently improved without converging to a certain level, and even if the situation is different, a good demodulation result can be obtained.
- the multi-beam demodulation means removes an interference component from the signal for each beam after the multi-beam forming, and outputs a soft decision value as a demodulation result.
- the low-rate user adaptive beam demodulation means removes the interference component caused by the high-rate user from the antenna element unit signal, performs demodulation processing using the antenna element unit signal after removing the interference component, and obtains a demodulation result. Output soft decision value.
- the low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation means converges the algorithm for beam formation by the adaptive antenna. Even if the interference is not sufficiently suppressed, the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result of the multi-beam demodulation means.
- the direction of arrival of the path is estimated by a simple method of spatially separating using multi-beams, and normalization is performed using the interference power for each beam, so that the interference wave This can reduce the effect of the noise (improve the SIR), thereby improving the path detection accuracy.
- a base station that may receive a signal from one user in multiple sectors enables path search in all directions of the cell. This has the effect.
- a fixed multi-beam common to all users is used, there is an effect that demodulation processing becomes easy.
- the convergence does not require a long time as in the conventional technology, and the received SIR can be improved.
- the interference power may be different for each beam of the multi-beams, the RAKE-combined signal for each beam is normalized using the estimated interference power as a pilot symbol.
- reception of signals such as a packet, a random access channel (RACH), which is close to the slot length and has a short time length.
- RACH random access channel
- the low-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation means receives only the antenna element unit signal after removing the interference by the high-rate user, that is, receives only the low-rate user signal. Therefore, the demodulation accuracy can be greatly improved.
- the algorithm for forming a beam by the adaptive antenna does not sufficiently converge, and the SIR value is sufficiently reduced. Good demodulation results can be obtained even in situations where it cannot be improved.
- the SIR value of the multi-beam demodulation means may be in a better state.
- the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result having the larger SIR value.
- the SIR value at the time of adaptive antenna demodulation is better than the SIR value at the time of multibeam demodulation, no correction is performed, and when the SIR value is reversed, the correction is performed.
- the SIR value at the time of adaptive antenna demodulation is better than the SIR value at the time of multibeam demodulation, no correction is performed, and when the SIR value is reversed, the correction is performed.
- a good high-speed TPC with a reduced transmission power can be realized.
- the correction amount of the SIR value is calculated by subtracting the SIR value at the time of the adaptive antenna demodulation from the SIR value at the time of the multi-beam demodulation. Add correction to SIR value. As a result, an SIR value in which the amount of improvement is considered can be obtained.
- the soft decision value from the demodulation means in a better state of the SIR estimated value is selected. Therefore, when demodulating transmission data with a short time length, such as a packet, or when a mobile station moves at high speed, the algorithm for forming a beam using an adaptive antenna does not converge sufficiently, and the SIR value is reduced. Even if the situation cannot be sufficiently improved, an effect is obtained that a good demodulation result can be obtained.
- the multi-beam demodulation means removes an interference component from the signal for each beam after the multi-beam forming, and outputs a soft decision value as a demodulation result.
- the high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation means removes the interference component caused by the high-rate user from the antenna element unit signal, performs a demodulation process using the antenna element unit signal after removing the interference component, and obtains a demodulation result. Is output as a soft decision value.
- the beam forming algorithm does not converge in the high-rate user adaptive antenna demodulation means.
- the demodulation characteristics can be improved by using the demodulation result of the multi-beam demodulation means.
- the adaptive antenna demodulation means for the high-rate user receives the antenna element unit signal after the interference removal, so that the demodulation accuracy can be greatly improved. Play.
- the algorithm for forming a beam by the adaptive antenna does not sufficiently converge, and the SIR value is sufficiently reduced. Good demodulation results can be obtained even in situations where it cannot be improved.
- the adaptive antenna demodulation means for a high-rate user interference may not be sufficiently suppressed until the convergence of the algorithm for beamforming. That is, the SIR value of the multi-beam demodulation means may be better. In such a case, the demodulation result of the larger SIR value By using, there is an effect that the demodulation characteristics can be improved. If the SIR value at the time of adaptive antenna demodulation is better than the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation, correction is not performed; otherwise, correction is performed. This has the effect that good high-speed TPC with reduced transmission power can be realized. '
- the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation is calculated by subtracting the SIR value at the time of adaptive antenna demodulation from the SIR value at the time of multi-beam demodulation. Add correction to the value. This makes it possible to obtain an SIR value in which the amount of improvement is considered.
- the soft decision value from the demodulation means in a better state of the SIR estimated value is selected. Therefore, such as when demodulating transmission data with a short time length, such as packets, or when a mobile station moves at high speed, etc., situations where interference cancellation cannot be performed sufficiently, or algorithms for forming beams using adaptive antennas Even if the SIR value does not converge sufficiently and the SIR value cannot be improved sufficiently, it is possible to obtain a good demodulation result.
- the interference canceller according to the present invention is useful for mobile communication, satellite communication, indoor communication, and the like.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Noise Elimination (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20020774060 EP1392007A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-17 | Interference canceller |
US10/477,756 US7161976B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-17 | Interference canceller |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001-156967 | 2001-05-25 | ||
JP2001156967A JP4744725B2 (ja) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | 干渉キャンセラ |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002098019A1 true WO2002098019A1 (fr) | 2002-12-05 |
Family
ID=19000901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/004806 WO2002098019A1 (fr) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-17 | Suppresseur d'interference |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7161976B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1392007A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4744725B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1284312C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002098019A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6396817B2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2002-05-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Signal splitting method for limiting peak power in a CDMA system |
DE19851701C2 (de) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-12-07 | Mannesmann Ag | Interferenzanalyse für ein Mobilfunknetz mit adaptiven Antennen |
US7333466B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2008-02-19 | Intel Corporation | Reduced complexity MMSE multiuser detection for a multirate CDMA link |
JP4186627B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-22 | 2008-11-26 | 日本電気株式会社 | 受信指向性アンテナ制御装置及びそれに用いるビーム選択方法並びにそのプログラム |
CN100444531C (zh) * | 2003-03-31 | 2008-12-17 | 富士通株式会社 | 接收装置 |
JP4280657B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-01 | 2009-06-17 | 富士通株式会社 | アレーアンテナのビーム形成方法及びその装置 |
JP4086833B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-27 | 2008-05-14 | 日本電波工業株式会社 | 高周波無線機の制御方法及び高周波無線機システム |
CN101133567A (zh) * | 2005-03-02 | 2008-02-27 | 日本电气株式会社 | 分集接收机及其增益调节方法 |
US8745184B1 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2014-06-03 | Jasper Wireless, Inc. | Wireless communication provisioning using state transition rules |
US8818331B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2014-08-26 | Jasper Technologies, Inc. | Method for enabling a wireless device for geographically preferential services |
US9307397B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2016-04-05 | Jasper Technologies, Inc. | Method for enabling a wireless device with customer-specific services |
US8478238B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2013-07-02 | Jasper Wireless, Inc. | Global platform for managing subscriber identity modules |
US9226151B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2015-12-29 | Jasper Wireless, Inc. | System and method for enabling a wireless device with customer-specific services |
US8867575B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2014-10-21 | Jasper Technologies, Inc. | Method for enabling a wireless device for geographically preferential services |
US8346214B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2013-01-01 | Jasper Wireless, Inc. | Self provisioning of wireless terminals in wireless networks |
JP2007006219A (ja) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-01-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | アダプティブアンテナ装置 |
US7856071B2 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2010-12-21 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Multi-path acquisition in the presence of very high data rate users |
KR100734890B1 (ko) * | 2005-10-10 | 2007-07-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 스마트 안테나 시스템에서 단말의 수신성능을 향상시키기위한 장치 및 방법 |
JP4633600B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-28 | 2011-02-16 | 京セラ株式会社 | 無線通信装置及びその信号処理方法 |
US8630378B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2014-01-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference cancellation with improved estimation and tracking for wireless communication |
CN101060385B (zh) * | 2006-04-19 | 2010-04-21 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | 在多输入多输出***中实现软判决的方法 |
US8588116B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2013-11-19 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Efficient CQI signaling in multi-beam MIMO systems |
US8229708B2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2012-07-24 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for signal and interference energy estimation in a communication system |
US7853195B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2010-12-14 | The Boeing Company | Adaptive RF canceller system and method |
JP4313843B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-01 | 2009-08-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | 超音波測定装置および超音波測定方法 |
TWI411241B (zh) * | 2008-01-10 | 2013-10-01 | Realtek Semiconductor Corp | 消除傳輸埠間干擾之網路裝置及其相關方法 |
US8306164B2 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2012-11-06 | Alcatel Lucent | Interference cancellation with a time-sliced architecture |
US8509287B2 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2013-08-13 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for diversity processing utilizing a programmable interface suppression module |
EP2442458A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-18 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | Method and receiver for recovering a desired signal transmitted in the presence of one or more interference signals |
US8923924B2 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-12-30 | Raytheon Company | Embedded element electronically steerable antenna for improved operating bandwidth |
KR102251970B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-07 | 2021-05-14 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 풀 듀플렉스 방식을 지원하는 통신 시스템에서 자기 간섭 신호 제거 장치 및 방법 |
WO2018051758A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | 株式会社日立国際電気 | ノイズキャンセラー装置 |
CN113965248B (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2023-06-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | 一种阵元级多用户干扰消除*** |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10190495A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | 干渉キャンセラ |
JPH11252045A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 干渉除去装置及び干渉除去方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2991179B2 (ja) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-12-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | Cdmaマルチユーザ受信装置 |
JP3406831B2 (ja) | 1998-03-19 | 2003-05-19 | 富士通株式会社 | 無線基地局のアレーアンテナシステム |
JP2000138605A (ja) | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-16 | Nec Corp | マルチユーザ受信装置 |
JP2001016148A (ja) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-19 | Fujitsu Ltd | アレーアンテナを用いた干渉キャンセラ装置、干渉レプリカ生成ユニット |
-
2001
- 2001-05-25 JP JP2001156967A patent/JP4744725B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-05-17 WO PCT/JP2002/004806 patent/WO2002098019A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-05-17 US US10/477,756 patent/US7161976B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-17 CN CNB028148924A patent/CN1284312C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-17 EP EP20020774060 patent/EP1392007A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10190495A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | 干渉キャンセラ |
JPH11252045A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 干渉除去装置及び干渉除去方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1284312C (zh) | 2006-11-08 |
JP2002353866A (ja) | 2002-12-06 |
EP1392007A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
US20040131134A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
US7161976B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
CN1535511A (zh) | 2004-10-06 |
JP4744725B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2002098019A1 (fr) | Suppresseur d'interference | |
EP1606916B1 (en) | Multi-antenna communication systems utilizing rf-based and baseband signal weighting and combining | |
EP1654891B1 (en) | Weight generation method for multi-antenna communication systems utilizing rf-based and baseband signal weighting and combining | |
US6069912A (en) | Diversity receiver and its control method | |
EP1265378B1 (en) | Adaptive antenna array | |
US6385181B1 (en) | Array antenna system of wireless base station | |
US7148845B2 (en) | Antenna array including virtual antenna elements | |
JP2914445B2 (ja) | Cdma適応受信装置 | |
JP4666150B2 (ja) | Mimo受信装置、受信方法、および無線通信システム | |
US7047044B2 (en) | Radio receiving device and radio receiving method | |
US6721293B1 (en) | Unsupervised adaptive chip separation filter for CDMA terminal | |
US5796788A (en) | Method and apparatus for interference decorrelation in time and space | |
JPH11274976A (ja) | 無線基地局のアレーアンテナシステム | |
JP2002077011A (ja) | 適応アンテナ受信装置 | |
US20070189362A1 (en) | Method and system for channel estimation, related receiver and computer program product | |
US20040125867A1 (en) | Antenna array system, method of controlling the directivity pattern thereof, and mobile terminal | |
JPH08335899A (ja) | Cdma復調回路 | |
US20020181554A1 (en) | Adaptive rake receiving apparatus constrained with at least one constraint for use in mobile communication system and method therefor | |
JP4430060B2 (ja) | 無線通信装置及び方法 | |
JP2002539666A (ja) | Cdma端末のための無監督適応チップ分離フィルタ | |
Schodorf et al. | A constrained adaptive diversity combiner for interference suppression in CDMA systems | |
JP4048530B2 (ja) | 干渉抑圧cdma受信機 | |
JP4219866B2 (ja) | アダプティブアンテナ | |
Mohamed et al. | A simple combined conjugate gradient beamforming and interference cancellation scheme for DS-CDMA in a multipath fading channel | |
Oka et al. | New integration scheme of adaptive array antenna and MAI canceller for DS-CDMA |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CN US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002774060 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10477756 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 20028148924 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2002774060 Country of ref document: EP |