WO2002021939A1 - Method for treating ligneous products designed to produce flavouring substances - Google Patents

Method for treating ligneous products designed to produce flavouring substances Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002021939A1
WO2002021939A1 PCT/FR2001/002860 FR0102860W WO0221939A1 WO 2002021939 A1 WO2002021939 A1 WO 2002021939A1 FR 0102860 W FR0102860 W FR 0102860W WO 0221939 A1 WO0221939 A1 WO 0221939A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wood products
mixture
enclosure
treating
products according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2001/002860
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Etienne Hosteing
Original Assignee
Protea France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Protea France filed Critical Protea France
Priority to AU2001290023A priority Critical patent/AU2001290023A1/en
Publication of WO2002021939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002021939A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/044—Smoking; Smoking devices
    • A23B4/052—Smoke generators ; Smoking apparatus
    • A23B4/0526—Smoke generators or smoking apparatus using liquid smoke in gaseous or liquid form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
    • A23L27/115—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof obtained by distilling, stripping, or recovering of volatiles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
    • A23L27/27—Smoke flavours

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for treating wood products intended for producing treated wood products containing extractable flavoring substances and an installation for carrying out the method.
  • Flavoring substances are extracted from various natural products both of animal and plant origin.
  • the extraction methods consist in dissolving the flavoring substance in a liquid phase by introducing the natural product into a determined volume of this phase. Then, the flavoring substance is recovered by evaporating the liquid phase.
  • Wood products in particular wood, contain compounds capable of reacting together under the action of heat to give flavoring substances which are highly sought after in food applications or in applications aimed at perfuming the ambient atmosphere.
  • Known methods make it possible to obtain wood products containing flavoring substances, these products being capable of being used as such in a large number of industrial applications.
  • a first object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of treating woody products at high temperature without risk of ignition of said products and so that the action of heating is homogeneous.
  • the method of treating wood products intended to form flavoring substances comprises the following steps: a mixture of wood products is provided in elementary form which is introduced into a sealed enclosure comprising a outlet port; thermal energy is supplied to said mixture to bring it to a temperature above 100JC, so as to vaporize at least a first part of the constituents of said wood products and to increase the gas pressure of said enclosure, said gases which contain at least a part of the oxygen present in the mixture being extracted by said outlet orifice, and so as to transform at least a second part of the constituents of said wood products into flavoring substances without the mixture of wood products being oxidized; and recovering said mixture of treated wood products, said wood products containing said extractable flavoring substances.
  • a characteristic of the treatment process resides in the method of heating the wood products which is carried out in the absence of air.
  • the heating of wood products located inside the sealed enclosure generates, in particular, water vapor, which increases the vapor pressure in the enclosure and the pressure of the gases which it contains, so that the gases escape through the outlet.
  • the oxygen contained in the enclosure also escapes, which reduces the risks of oxidation or combustion linked to this gas, and since the enclosure is sealed, the air does not enter it during the treatment so that the internal atmosphere of the enclosure is depleted of oxygen.
  • large quantities of thermal energy can be supplied to the wood products in order to obtain the desired flavoring substances without incurring the aforementioned risks.
  • Another characteristic of the treatment process according to the invention resides in the elementary form of the wood products which allows a uniform diffusion of the thermal energy through the said products and therefore a homogeneous transformation of the compounds which they contain.
  • the wood products are packaged in the form of chips.
  • This elementary form being adapted to distribute the thermal energy evenly within the mixture.
  • the said mixture is stirred during the stage where it is brought to a temperature above 100JC.
  • the sealed enclosure is heated by heating means external to said enclosure so as to supply said thermal energy to said mixture without the heating means being in direct contact with the mixture.
  • the heating means make it possible to bring said mixture to a temperature above 150 ° C.
  • characteristic reactions capable of transforming said second part of the constituents, or compounds of the mixture into flavoring substances, such as the Maillard reactions are liable to occur.
  • the mixture of wood products is loaded into said enclosure by an inlet opening and discharged by an outlet opening, the two openings comprising closing means capable of closing them off waterproof way. It is indeed essential that the openings are sealed in order to implement the method so that the air does not enter the enclosure. Without this precaution, at the processing temperature considered, the mixture would ignite.
  • the outlet opening is cleared after the temperature of said wood product mixture has dropped below 150 ° C. in order to avoid the risks of ignition during unloading.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a plant for treating wood products intended to produce treated wood products containing extractable flavoring substances.
  • the present invention provides a treatment installation comprising: a sealed enclosure comprising an outlet orifice capable of containing a mixture of wood products; means for supplying thermal energy to said mixture and bringing it to a temperature higher than 10 ° C., so as to vaporize at least a first part of the constituents of said wood products and to increase the gas pressure of said enclosure, the gases containing at minus part of the oxygen present in the mixture; means for extracting, by said outlet, said oxygen-containing gases so that at least a second part of the constituents of said products wood is transformed into flavoring substances without the mixture of wood products being oxidized; and, means for recovering said mixture of treated wood products, said wood products containing said extractable flavoring substances.
  • the enclosure being sealed and the outlet orifice being the only connection with the outside, when the internal pressure of the enclosure increases, under the effect in particular of the vaporization of the water contained in the mixture of products woody, the gases which the enclosure contains pass through the outlet orifice and escape towards the outside.
  • the treatment installation comprises means for actuating said enclosure in rotation so as to effect the mixing of said mixture that it contains. This characteristic of the installation allows continuous movement of the woody elements in the enclosure, which promotes a homogeneous distribution of thermal energy through said elements avoiding any localized overheating.
  • the installation comprises heating means capable of heating said sealed enclosure so as to supply said thermal energy to said mixture.
  • the enclosure is heated and it returns part of the thermal energy to said mixture.
  • the enclosure has a substantially bi-conical shape whose median diameter is greater than the diameters of the ends, its axis of symmetry crossing said ends being substantially horizontal and the enclosure being driven rotating around said axis of symmetry.
  • the enclosure has an inlet opening located at one of its ends and an outlet opening situated at the other of its ends, the two openings comprising closure means capable of sealing them.
  • the wood products are introduced into the enclosure through the entry opening.
  • the filling cannot exceed substantially half of its volume.
  • the optimal implementation of the process requires filling substantially equivalent to one third of the volume of the enclosure.
  • said enclosure has on its internal wall first elements forming blades capable of producing a determined movement of said mixture when said enclosure is driven in a first direction of rotation corresponding to the normal operating direction of the installation.
  • first blades forming elements make a U-turn from the bottom to the top, they entrain a portion of said mixture of wood products situated against the internal wall of the enclosure, which they drop to fall above the mixture thus avoiding that the wood products remain too long in contact with the wall of the enclosure which is generally hotter than the atmosphere which reigns there. In this way, the elements of the mixture are overheated.
  • the enclosure has on its internal wall second elements forming blades capable of driving said mixture through the outlet opening when said enclosure is driven in a second direction of rotation, opposite to said first.
  • Said second blade-forming elements constitute guide means capable of guiding the wood products towards the outlet opening under the effect of gravitational forces, when the enclosure is rotated in the direction opposite to the normal operating direction of the installation.
  • the means for recovering said gases include treatment means capable of filtering at least the toxic compounds or gases that the effluent could contain and possibly condensing the condensable elements. In this way, complete control of the waste produced by the installation is ensured.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view showing an installation according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an installation suitable for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • the structural elements of the installation will first be described to then describe the treatment process.
  • the installation comprises an enclosure 10 of generally bi-conical shape, the cones being connected by their largest end so as to form a solid of revolution of axis A, the ends 12 and 14 respectively comprising an inlet opening 16 and an outlet opening 18.
  • the enclosure 10 is inserted into a closed box 20, so that its axis A is substantially horizontal, and the ends 12 and 14 of the enclosure are mounted for rotation in two opposite walls 22 and 24 of the box 20.
  • the latter comprises two circular recesses opposite one another on the edge of which rolling means make it possible to support and guide the two ends 12 and 14 in rotation respectively.
  • the outer wall of the ends 12 and 14 of the enclosure 10 is thus supported on the edges of the circular recesses.
  • the enclosure 10 is able to be driven in rotation about its axis of symmetry A along the arrow F by drive means (not shown) consisting of an electric motor, a reduction gear and organs of transmission of the movement to the enclosure 10.
  • drive means consisting of an electric motor, a reduction gear and organs of transmission of the movement to the enclosure 10.
  • the box 20 In normal operating mode, the box 20 must be sealed and for this purpose the joint between the external wall of the ends 12 and 14 of the enclosure 10 comprises means intended to isolate the inside of the box from the outside while allowing continuous rotation of the enclosure 10.
  • the box 20 includes heating means 26, located in its lower part, capable of heating the internal volume of the box 20 and therefore of heating the enclosure 10 which is inserted therein.
  • the heating means consist of a burner supplied with gas and a blower intended to control combustion, the assembly being controlled by control means according to a temperature setpoint.
  • the box 20 includes an upper opening 28 for the exhaust of combustion gases or cold air which is introduced into the box 20 by means of the blower. It goes without saying that any other means of heating the enclosure 10 could be used, but the gas provides thermal energy at an advantageous cost.
  • the ends 12 and 14 open to the outside of the box 20 and respectively have the inlet opening 16 and the outlet opening 18. In normal operating mode, these openings are closed by shutter means. However, the inlet opening 16 is completely sealed, while the outlet opening 18 comprises, along the axis A of the enclosure 10, an outlet orifice 30 consisting of a longitudinal tubular element 32 passing through the opening outlet 18. Thus, the means for closing the outlet opening 18 are hermetically sealed on the external surface of the tubular element 32. In this way, in normal operating mode, the interior of the enclosure 10 is connected to the outside only by the tubular element 32.
  • Plumb with the outlet opening 18 of the enclosure 10 a receiving chute 34 is directed towards the ground and has, at its end, packaging means not shown.
  • the receiving chute has at its end means of transport of the type of transport of powdered products, connecting it to a storage tank.
  • a movable filling spout 36 is located vertically above the inlet opening 16 so as to allow the filling of the enclosure 10. The end of the filling spout
  • the internal wall of the enclosure 10 comprises first elements 38 forming blades, near the inlet opening 16, the first end 40 of which is situated substantially in front of the plane of FIG. 1, and the second end is located substantially behind the plane of Figure 1. Given the taper of the wall of the enclosure 10 on which the first elements 38 forming blades are located, the latter substantially form a portion of helix.
  • second elements 44 forming blades are fixed to the internal wall of the enclosure 10.
  • the second elements forming blades have a first end 46, located in front of the plane of Figure 1, and a second end 48 located behind the plane of Figure 1 so that the second blades forming elements also constitute, substantially, a portion of a propeller.
  • the installation also includes means for treating gaseous effluents.
  • These means connected to the enclosure 10 by the tubular element 32 comprise a dust collector 50 able to filter the particles.
  • the dust collector 50 includes an internal fogger, and it is connected to a condenser 52.
  • the essential characteristics of the process according to the invention consist in heating wood products to a sufficient temperature so that the compounds they contain can, in particular, react with one another and give flavoring substances without risking inflammation of the products.
  • woody products containing extractable flavoring substances are obtained, intended for the perfume industry, the food industries or the room fragrance industries.
  • the wood products used are generally wood essences containing compounds capable of giving particular flavoring substances such as oak or beech essences, in particular.
  • the filling operation is stopped, the filling chute 36 is retracted and the sealing means are applied to the inlet opening 16. It goes without saying that during filling, the outlet opening 18 is closed and remains so during the heating phase which is controlled as soon as the inlet opening 16 is closed.
  • the enclosure is heated by the use of gas burners and the blower which heats the interior of the box 20.
  • the dust generated by the stirring of wood products and in particular the fines also escape from the enclosure 10 by the tubular element 32, conveyed by the gaseous effluent.
  • the gaseous effluent is directed into a dust collector 50 capable of filtering the particles and in order to facilitate filtration, a fogger located inside the dust collector 50 moistens the solid particles of the effluent. Then, the gases condensable at room temperature are condensed in the condenser 52.
  • the internal pressure of the enclosure 10 decreases and the flow rate in the tubular element 32 is relatively low.
  • the tubular element 32 is sufficiently narrow so that the quantity of air liable to penetrate in the opposite direction into the enclosure 10 is negligible. It is in this phase where the internal pressure of the enclosure 10 is lower that the temperature of the wood products is increased so that the chemical reactions of the compounds which they contain can occur. The temperature required for such reactions is greater than 150 ° C.
  • the paddle elements 38, 44 allow continuous mixing of the wood products and prevent them from being burnt against the walls of the enclosure 10.
  • the heating means are stopped, and ambient air is blown into the box 20 so as to cool the enclosure 10. Indeed, an opening of the enclosure 10 immediately after stopping the heating means, would cause an entry of air into the enclosure 10 and combustion of the wood products since their temperature is still substantially above 150 ° C.
  • the outlet opening 18 is released and the direction of rotation of the enclosure 10 is reversed so that the second blade elements entrain the transformed wood products through the outlet opening .
  • the products fall into the receiving chute 34 and are capable of being packaged at its ends.
  • conveying means, storage means, calibration means and weighing / bagging means in the extension of the receiving chute 34.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for treating ligneous products designed to produce flavouring substances and an installation for implementing the method. The installation comprises: a sealed chamber (10) comprising an outlet (30) designed to contain a mixture of ligneous products, means (26) for supplying thermal energy to said mixture, whereby at least a first part of the constituents of said ligneous products is evaporated and whereby at least a second part of the constituents of said ligneous products is transformed into flavouring substances; means for recuperating said mixture of ligneous products comprising said extractable aromatic substances; and means (32, 50, 52) for recuperating through said outlet a gas effluent.

Description

Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux destiné à former des substances aromatisantesMethod for treating wood products intended to form flavoring substances
La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement de produits ligneux destiné à produire des produits ligneux traités contenant des substances aromatisantes extractibles et une installation pour la mise en œuvre du procédé.The present invention relates to a method for treating wood products intended for producing treated wood products containing extractable flavoring substances and an installation for carrying out the method.
Des substances aromatisantes sont extraites à partir de divers produits naturels aussi bien d'origine animale que d'origine végétale. Généralement, les procédés d'extraction consistent à solubiliser la substance aromatisante dans une phase liquide en introduisant le produit naturel dans un volume déterminé de cette phase. Ensuite, on récupère la substance aromatisante en évaporant la phase liquide.Flavoring substances are extracted from various natural products both of animal and plant origin. Generally, the extraction methods consist in dissolving the flavoring substance in a liquid phase by introducing the natural product into a determined volume of this phase. Then, the flavoring substance is recovered by evaporating the liquid phase.
Des produits ligneux, notamment le bois, contiennent des composés aptes à réagir ensemble sous l'action de la chaleur pour donner des substances aromatisantes très recherchées dans des applications alimentaires ou dans des applications visant à parfumer l'atmosphère ambiante. Des procédés connus permettent d'obtenir des produits ligneux contenant des substances aromatisantes, ces produits étant susceptibles d'être utilisés tels quels dans un grand nombre d'applications industrielles.Wood products, in particular wood, contain compounds capable of reacting together under the action of heat to give flavoring substances which are highly sought after in food applications or in applications aimed at perfuming the ambient atmosphere. Known methods make it possible to obtain wood products containing flavoring substances, these products being capable of being used as such in a large number of industrial applications.
Cependant, pour que les composés des produits ligneux réagissent ensemble afin de donner les substances aromatisantes recherchées, il est nécessaire de les porter à une température importante, ce qui présente un risque d'inflammation. Or, lorsque la combustion des produits ligneux, même partielle, se produit on obtient des substances indésirables et notamment des substances cancérogènes avec les substances aromatisantes. Ainsi, les produits ligneux ne présentent pas toutes les qualités requises, notamment dans les applications alimentaires. Par ailleurs, lorsqu'une pièce de bois est chauffée, la répartition de l'énergie thermique n'est pas homogène au sein de la pièce, ce qui entraîne la formation des substances aromatisantes dans des concentrations plus ou moins grandes. Un premier objet de la présente invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un procédé de traitement des produits ligneux à haute température sans risque d'inflammation desdits produits et de façon que l'action du chauffage soit homogène.However, in order for the compounds of the wood products to react together in order to give the desired flavoring substances, it is necessary to bring them to a high temperature, which presents a risk of inflammation. However, when the combustion of wood products, even partial, occurs, undesirable substances are obtained, in particular carcinogenic substances with the flavoring substances. Thus, wood products do not have all the qualities required, especially in food applications. Furthermore, when a piece of wood is heated, the distribution of thermal energy is not homogeneous within the room, which results in the formation of flavoring substances in greater or lesser concentrations. A first object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of treating woody products at high temperature without risk of ignition of said products and so that the action of heating is homogeneous.
Pour atteindre ce but, conformément à l'invention, le procédé de traitement de produits ligneux destiné à former des substances aromatisantes comprend les étapes suivantes : on fournit un mélange de produits ligneux sous forme élémentaire que l'on introduit dans une enceinte étanche comportant un orifice de sortie ; on fournit de l'énergie thermique audit mélange pour le porter à une température supérieure à 100JC, de façon à vaporiser au moins une première partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux et à augmenter la pression de gaz de ladite enceinte, lesdits gaz qui contiennent au moins une partie de l'oxygène présent dans le mélange étant extrait par ledit orifice de sortie, et de façon à transformer au moins une deuxième partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux en substances aromatisantes sans que le mélange de produits ligneux soit oxydé ; et, on récupère ledit mélange de produits ligneux traité, lesdits produits ligneux contenant lesdites substances aromatisantes extractibles.To achieve this object, in accordance with the invention, the method of treating wood products intended to form flavoring substances comprises the following steps: a mixture of wood products is provided in elementary form which is introduced into a sealed enclosure comprising a outlet port; thermal energy is supplied to said mixture to bring it to a temperature above 100JC, so as to vaporize at least a first part of the constituents of said wood products and to increase the gas pressure of said enclosure, said gases which contain at least a part of the oxygen present in the mixture being extracted by said outlet orifice, and so as to transform at least a second part of the constituents of said wood products into flavoring substances without the mixture of wood products being oxidized; and recovering said mixture of treated wood products, said wood products containing said extractable flavoring substances.
Ainsi, une caractéristique du procédé de traitement réside dans le mode de chauffage des produits ligneux qui est effectué à l'abri de l'air. En effet, le chauffage des produits ligneux situés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte étanche génère, notamment, de la vapeur d'eau, ce qui augmente la pression de vapeur dans l'enceinte et la pression des gaz qu'elle contient, de sorte que les gaz s'échappent à travers l'orifice de sortie. L'oxygène contenu dans l'enceinte s'échappe également, ce qui permet de diminuer les risques d'oxydation ou de combustion liés à ce gaz, et puisque l'enceinte est étanche, l'air n'y pénètre pas au fur et à mesure du traitement de sorte que l'atmosphère interne de l'enceinte s'appauvrit en oxygène. Ainsi, on peut fournir des quantités importantes d'énergie thermique aux produits ligneux afin d'obtenir les substances aromatisantes désirées sans encourir les risques précités.Thus, a characteristic of the treatment process resides in the method of heating the wood products which is carried out in the absence of air. In fact, the heating of wood products located inside the sealed enclosure generates, in particular, water vapor, which increases the vapor pressure in the enclosure and the pressure of the gases which it contains, so that the gases escape through the outlet. The oxygen contained in the enclosure also escapes, which reduces the risks of oxidation or combustion linked to this gas, and since the enclosure is sealed, the air does not enter it during the treatment so that the internal atmosphere of the enclosure is depleted of oxygen. Thus, large quantities of thermal energy can be supplied to the wood products in order to obtain the desired flavoring substances without incurring the aforementioned risks.
De la sorte, on récupère un mélange de produits ligneux traité, contenant les substances aromatisantes extractibles recherchées, et ne contenant pas de produits indésirables liés à la combustion du produit ligneux. Lesdits produits ligneux traités sont ainsi utilisables en tant que tels notamment dans les industries agro-alimentaires.In this way, a mixture of treated wood products is recovered, containing the desired extractable flavoring substances, and not containing undesirable products linked to the combustion of the wood product. Said treated wood products can thus be used as such, especially in the food industry.
Une autre caractéristique du procédé de traitement selon l'invention réside dans la forme élémentaire des produits ligneux qui permet une diffusion uniforme de l'énergie thermique à travers lesdits produits et donc une transformation homogène des composés qu'ils contiennent.Another characteristic of the treatment process according to the invention resides in the elementary form of the wood products which allows a uniform diffusion of the thermal energy through the said products and therefore a homogeneous transformation of the compounds which they contain.
Selon un mode particulier de mise en œuvre de l'invention, les produits ligneux sont conditionnés sous la forme de copeaux. Cette forme élémentaire étant adaptée pour répartir l'énergie thermique de façon homogène au sein du mélange. Afin d'accentuer cette répartition de l'énergie, avantageusement, on effectue le brassage dudit mélange durant l'étape où il est porté à une température supérieure à 100JC.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the wood products are packaged in the form of chips. This elementary form being adapted to distribute the thermal energy evenly within the mixture. In order to accentuate this distribution of energy, advantageously, the said mixture is stirred during the stage where it is brought to a temperature above 100JC.
Préférentiel lement, l'enceinte étanche est chauffée par des moyens de chauffage externes à ladite enceinte de façon à fournir ladite énergie thermique audit mélange sans que les moyens de chauffage soient en contact direct avec le mélange.Preferably, the sealed enclosure is heated by heating means external to said enclosure so as to supply said thermal energy to said mixture without the heating means being in direct contact with the mixture.
De façon avantageuse, les moyens de chauffage permettent de porter ledit mélange à une température supérieur à 150°C. Ainsi, les réactions caractéristiques aptes à transformer ladite deuxième partie des constituants, ou composés du mélange en substances aromatisantes, telles les réactions de Maillard sont susceptibles de se produire. Selon un mode particulier de mise en œuvre de l'invention, le mélange de produits ligneux est chargé dans ladite enceinte par une ouverture d'entrée et déchargé par une ouverture de sortie, les deux ouvertures comportant des moyens de fermeture aptes à les obturer de façon étanche. Il est en effet indispensable que les ouvertures soient obturées de façon étanche pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de façon que l'air ne pénètre pas dans l'enceinte. Sans cette précaution, à la température de mise en œuvre considérée, le mélange s'enflammerait.Advantageously, the heating means make it possible to bring said mixture to a temperature above 150 ° C. Thus, characteristic reactions capable of transforming said second part of the constituents, or compounds of the mixture into flavoring substances, such as the Maillard reactions are liable to occur. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the mixture of wood products is loaded into said enclosure by an inlet opening and discharged by an outlet opening, the two openings comprising closing means capable of closing them off waterproof way. It is indeed essential that the openings are sealed in order to implement the method so that the air does not enter the enclosure. Without this precaution, at the processing temperature considered, the mixture would ignite.
Ainsi, de façon préférentielle, on procède au dégagement de l'ouverture de sortie après que la température dudit mélange de produit ligneux soit descendue au-dessous de 150°C afin d'éviter les risques d'inflammation lors du déchargement.Thus, preferably, the outlet opening is cleared after the temperature of said wood product mixture has dropped below 150 ° C. in order to avoid the risks of ignition during unloading.
Selon un autre mode particulier de mise en œuvre de l'invention, durant l'étape où ledit mélange est porté à une température supérieure à 100°C on traite lesdits gaz. Cette opération vise à éviter de rejeter dans l'atmosphère des composés toxiques que le traitement est susceptible de produire.According to another particular embodiment of the invention, during the step where said mixture is brought to a temperature above 100 ° C. said gases are treated. This operation aims to avoid discharging into the atmosphere of toxic compounds that the treatment is likely to produce.
Un deuxième objet de la présente invention est de proposer une installation de traitement de produits ligneux destinée à produire des produits ligneux traités contenant des substances aromatisantes extractibles.A second object of the present invention is to provide a plant for treating wood products intended to produce treated wood products containing extractable flavoring substances.
A cet effet, la présente invention propose une installation de traitement comprenant : une enceinte étanche comportant un orifice de sortie apte à contenir un mélange de produits ligneux ; des moyens pour fournir de l'énergie thermique audit mélange et le porter à une température supérieure à 10QJC, de façon à vaporiser au moins une première partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux et à augmenter la pression de gaz de ladite enceinte, les gaz contenant au moins une partie de l'oxygène présent dans le mélange ; des moyens pour extraire, par ledit orifice de sortie, lesdits gaz contenant de l'oxygène de façon qu'au moins une deuxième partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux soit transformée en substances aromatisantes sans que le mélange de produits ligneux soit oxydé ; et, des moyens pour récupérer ledit mélange de produits ligneux traité, lesdits produits ligneux contenant lesdites substances aromatisantes extractibles. Ainsi, l'enceinte étant étanche et l'orifice de sortie étant la seule liaison avec l'extérieur, lorsque la pression interne de l'enceinte augmente, sous l'effet notamment de la vaporisation de l'eau contenue dans le mélange de produits ligneux, les gaz, que l'enceinte contient, traversent l'orifice de sortie et s'évacuent vers l'extérieur. Tant que le flux persiste aucun autre gaz, et en particulier l'air contenant de l'oxygène, n'est susceptible de pénétrer dans l'enceinte par conséquent l'atmosphère interne de l'enceinte s'appauvrit en gaz et notamment en oxygène, diminuant ainsi les risques d'inflammation du mélange et donc la formation de composés indésirables. En outre, de façon avantageuse, l'installation de traitement comprend des moyens pour actionner ladite enceinte en rotation de façon à effectuer le brassage dudit mélange qu'elle contient. Cette caractéristique de l'installation permet un déplacement continu des éléments ligneux dans l'enceinte, ce qui favorise une diffusion homogène de l'énergie thermique à travers lesdits éléments évitant toute surchauffe localisée.To this end, the present invention provides a treatment installation comprising: a sealed enclosure comprising an outlet orifice capable of containing a mixture of wood products; means for supplying thermal energy to said mixture and bringing it to a temperature higher than 10 ° C., so as to vaporize at least a first part of the constituents of said wood products and to increase the gas pressure of said enclosure, the gases containing at minus part of the oxygen present in the mixture; means for extracting, by said outlet, said oxygen-containing gases so that at least a second part of the constituents of said products wood is transformed into flavoring substances without the mixture of wood products being oxidized; and, means for recovering said mixture of treated wood products, said wood products containing said extractable flavoring substances. Thus, the enclosure being sealed and the outlet orifice being the only connection with the outside, when the internal pressure of the enclosure increases, under the effect in particular of the vaporization of the water contained in the mixture of products woody, the gases which the enclosure contains pass through the outlet orifice and escape towards the outside. As long as the flow persists, no other gas, and in particular air containing oxygen, is capable of entering the enclosure, therefore the internal atmosphere of the enclosure is depleted in gas and in particular in oxygen. , thereby reducing the risk of ignition of the mixture and therefore the formation of undesirable compounds. In addition, advantageously, the treatment installation comprises means for actuating said enclosure in rotation so as to effect the mixing of said mixture that it contains. This characteristic of the installation allows continuous movement of the woody elements in the enclosure, which promotes a homogeneous distribution of thermal energy through said elements avoiding any localized overheating.
Préférentiellement, l'installation comprend des moyens de chauffage aptes à chauffer ladite enceinte étanche de façon à fournir ladite énergie thermique audit mélange. Ainsi, l'enceinte est chauffée et elle restitue une partie de l'énergie thermique audit mélange.Preferably, the installation comprises heating means capable of heating said sealed enclosure so as to supply said thermal energy to said mixture. Thus, the enclosure is heated and it returns part of the thermal energy to said mixture.
Selon un mode particulier de mise en œuvre de l'invention, l'enceinte présente une forme sensiblement bi-conique dont le diamètre médian est supérieur aux diamètres des extrémités, son axe de symétrie traversant lesdites extrémités étant sensiblement horizontal et l'enceinte étant entraînée en rotation autour dudit axe de symétrie. Avantageusement, l'enceinte comporte une ouverture d'entrée située à l'une de ses extrémités et une ouverture de sortie située à l'autre de ses extrémités, les deux ouvertures comportant des moyens de fermeture aptes à les obturer de façon étanche.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the enclosure has a substantially bi-conical shape whose median diameter is greater than the diameters of the ends, its axis of symmetry crossing said ends being substantially horizontal and the enclosure being driven rotating around said axis of symmetry. Advantageously, the enclosure has an inlet opening located at one of its ends and an outlet opening situated at the other of its ends, the two openings comprising closure means capable of sealing them.
Ainsi, les produits ligneux sont introduits dans l'enceinte à travers l'ouverture d'entrée. Compte tenu de la géométrie et de la disposition de l'enceinte, le remplissage ne peut dépasser sensiblement la moitié de son volume. Cependant, la mise en œuvre optimale du procédé requiert un remplissage sensiblement équivalent au tiers du volume de l'enceinte.Thus, the wood products are introduced into the enclosure through the entry opening. Given the geometry and the layout of the enclosure, the filling cannot exceed substantially half of its volume. However, the optimal implementation of the process requires filling substantially equivalent to one third of the volume of the enclosure.
Selon une configuration avantageuse, ladite enceinte comporte sur sa paroi interne des premiers éléments formant pales aptes à produire un mouvement déterminé dudit mélange lorsque ladite enceinte est entraînée dans un premier sens de rotation correspondant au sens de fonctionnement normale de l'installation. Ainsi, lorsque lesdits premiers éléments formant pales effectuent un demi-tour du bas vers le haut, ils entraînent une portion dudit mélange de produits ligneux situé contre la paroi interne de l'enceinte, qu'ils laissent retomber au-dessus du mélange évitant ainsi que les produits ligneux restent trop longtemps en contact avec la paroi de l'enceinte qui est généralement plus chaude que l'atmosphère qui y règne. De la sorte, on évite la surchauffe des éléments du mélange.According to an advantageous configuration, said enclosure has on its internal wall first elements forming blades capable of producing a determined movement of said mixture when said enclosure is driven in a first direction of rotation corresponding to the normal operating direction of the installation. Thus, when said first blades forming elements make a U-turn from the bottom to the top, they entrain a portion of said mixture of wood products situated against the internal wall of the enclosure, which they drop to fall above the mixture thus avoiding that the wood products remain too long in contact with the wall of the enclosure which is generally hotter than the atmosphere which reigns there. In this way, the elements of the mixture are overheated.
En outre, de façon avantageuse, l'enceinte comporte sur sa paroi interne des deuxièmes éléments formant pales aptes à entraîner ledit mélange à travers l'ouverture de sortie lorsque ladite enceinte est entraînée dans un deuxième sens de rotation, inverse audit premier. Lesdits deuxièmes éléments formant pales constituent des moyens de guidage apte à guider les produits ligneux vers l'ouverture de sortie sous l'effet des forces gravitationnelles, lorsque l'enceinte est entraînée en rotation dans le sens opposé au sens de fonctionnement normale de l'installation. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention particulièrement avantageux, les moyens pour récupérer lesdits gaz comportent des moyens de traitement aptes à filtrer au moins les composés ou gaz toxiques que l'effluent pourrait contenir et éventuellement à condenser les éléments condensables. De la sorte, la maîtrise complète des déchets produits par l'installation est assurée. D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :In addition, advantageously, the enclosure has on its internal wall second elements forming blades capable of driving said mixture through the outlet opening when said enclosure is driven in a second direction of rotation, opposite to said first. Said second blade-forming elements constitute guide means capable of guiding the wood products towards the outlet opening under the effect of gravitational forces, when the enclosure is rotated in the direction opposite to the normal operating direction of the installation. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the means for recovering said gases include treatment means capable of filtering at least the toxic compounds or gases that the effluent could contain and possibly condensing the condensable elements. In this way, complete control of the waste produced by the installation is ensured. Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description given below of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting indication, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la Figure 1 est une vue en élévation de côté montrant une installation conforme à l'invention.- Figure 1 is a side elevation view showing an installation according to the invention.
La Figure 1 unique illustre une installation apte à la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention. On décrira, tout d'abord, les éléments structuraux de l'installation pour décrire ensuite le procédé de traitement. L'installation comporte une enceinte 10 de forme générale bi- conique, les cônes étant reliés par leur plus grande extrémité de façon à former un solide de révolution d'axe A dont les extrémités 12 et 14 comportent respectivement, une ouverture d'entrée 16 et une ouverture de sortie 18.The single FIG. 1 illustrates an installation suitable for implementing the method according to the invention. The structural elements of the installation will first be described to then describe the treatment process. The installation comprises an enclosure 10 of generally bi-conical shape, the cones being connected by their largest end so as to form a solid of revolution of axis A, the ends 12 and 14 respectively comprising an inlet opening 16 and an outlet opening 18.
L'enceinte 10 est inséré dans un caisson 20 fermé, de façon que son axe A soit sensiblement horizontal, et que les extrémités 12 et 14 de l'enceinte soient montées à rotation dans deux parois opposées 22 et 24 du caisson 20. Ce dernier comporte deux évidements circulaires en regard l'un de l'autre sur le bord desquels des moyens de roulement permettent de supporter et de guider en rotation respectivement les deux extrémités 12 et 14. La paroi externe des extrémités 12 et 14 de l'enceinte 10 est ainsi en appui sur les bords des évidements circulaires.The enclosure 10 is inserted into a closed box 20, so that its axis A is substantially horizontal, and the ends 12 and 14 of the enclosure are mounted for rotation in two opposite walls 22 and 24 of the box 20. The latter comprises two circular recesses opposite one another on the edge of which rolling means make it possible to support and guide the two ends 12 and 14 in rotation respectively. The outer wall of the ends 12 and 14 of the enclosure 10 is thus supported on the edges of the circular recesses.
De la sorte, l'enceinte 10 est apte à être entraînée en rotation autour de son axe de symétrie A suivant la flèche F par des moyens d'entraînement non représentés constitués d'un moteur électrique, d'un réducteur et d'organes de transmission du mouvement à l'enceinte 10. En mode de fonctionnement normale, le caisson 20 doit être étanche et à cet effet la jointure entre la paroi externe des extrémités 12 et 14 de l'enceinte 10 comporte des moyens destinés à isoler l'intérieur du caisson vis-à-vis de l'extérieur tout en permettant la rotation continue de l'enceinte 10.In this way, the enclosure 10 is able to be driven in rotation about its axis of symmetry A along the arrow F by drive means (not shown) consisting of an electric motor, a reduction gear and organs of transmission of the movement to the enclosure 10. In normal operating mode, the box 20 must be sealed and for this purpose the joint between the external wall of the ends 12 and 14 of the enclosure 10 comprises means intended to isolate the inside of the box from the outside while allowing continuous rotation of the enclosure 10.
Le caisson 20 comporte des moyens de chauffage 26, situés dans sa partie inférieur, aptes à chauffer le volume interne du caisson 20 et par conséquent à chauffer l'enceinte 10 qui y est insérée. Les moyens de chauffage sont constitués d'un brûleur alimenté au gaz et d'une soufflerie destinée à contrôler la combustion, l'ensemble étant commandé par des moyens de commande en fonction d'une consigne de température.The box 20 includes heating means 26, located in its lower part, capable of heating the internal volume of the box 20 and therefore of heating the enclosure 10 which is inserted therein. The heating means consist of a burner supplied with gas and a blower intended to control combustion, the assembly being controlled by control means according to a temperature setpoint.
En outre, le caisson 20 comprend une ouverture supérieure 28 destinée à l'échappement des gaz de combustion ou à l'air froid qui est introduit dans le caisson 20 au moyen de la soufflerie. II va de soi que tout autre moyen de chauffage de l'enceinte 10 pourrait être utilisé, mais le gaz fournit une énergie thermique à un coût avantageux.In addition, the box 20 includes an upper opening 28 for the exhaust of combustion gases or cold air which is introduced into the box 20 by means of the blower. It goes without saying that any other means of heating the enclosure 10 could be used, but the gas provides thermal energy at an advantageous cost.
Les extrémités 12 et 14 débouchent à l'extérieur du caisson 20 et présentent respectivement l'ouverture d'entrée 16 et l'ouverture de sortie 18. En mode de fonctionnement normal, ces ouvertures sont obturées par des moyens d'obturation. Cependant, l'ouverture d'entrée 16 est totalement étanche, alors que l'ouverture de sortie 18 comporte, selon l'axe A de l'enceinte 10 un orifice de sortie 30 constitué d'un élément tubulaire 32 longitudinal traversant l'ouverture de sortie 18. Ainsi, les moyens d'obturation de l'ouverture de sortie 18 sont joint de façon hermétique sur la surface externe de l'élément tubulaire 32. De la sorte, en mode de fonctionnement normal, l'intérieur de l'enceinte 10 est reliée à l'extérieur uniquement par l'élément tubulaire 32.The ends 12 and 14 open to the outside of the box 20 and respectively have the inlet opening 16 and the outlet opening 18. In normal operating mode, these openings are closed by shutter means. However, the inlet opening 16 is completely sealed, while the outlet opening 18 comprises, along the axis A of the enclosure 10, an outlet orifice 30 consisting of a longitudinal tubular element 32 passing through the opening outlet 18. Thus, the means for closing the outlet opening 18 are hermetically sealed on the external surface of the tubular element 32. In this way, in normal operating mode, the interior of the enclosure 10 is connected to the outside only by the tubular element 32.
A l'aplomb de l'ouverture de sortie 18 de l'enceinte 10 une goulotte de réception 34 est dirigée vers le sol et présente à son extrémité des moyens de conditionnement non représentés. Avantageusement, la goulotte de réception présente à son extrémité des moyens de transport du type moyen de transport de produits pulvérulents, la reliant à un réservoir de stockage.Plumb with the outlet opening 18 of the enclosure 10 a receiving chute 34 is directed towards the ground and has, at its end, packaging means not shown. Advantageously, the receiving chute has at its end means of transport of the type of transport of powdered products, connecting it to a storage tank.
En outre, une goulotte de remplissage 36 mobile est située verticalement au-dessus de l'ouverture d'entée 16 de manière à permettre le remplissage de l'enceinte 10. L'extrémité de la goulotte de remplissageIn addition, a movable filling spout 36 is located vertically above the inlet opening 16 so as to allow the filling of the enclosure 10. The end of the filling spout
36 est partiellement introduite dans l'ouverture d'entrée 16 puis est escamotée de façon à pouvoir obturer l'ouverture d'entrée 16.36 is partially introduced into the inlet opening 16 and is then retracted so as to be able to close the inlet opening 16.
Par ailleurs, la paroi interne de l'enceinte 10 comporte des premiers éléments 38 formant pales, à proximité de l'ouverture d'entrée 16, dont la première extrémité 40 est située sensiblement en avant du plan de la Figure 1 , et dont la deuxième extrémité est située sensiblement en arrière du plan de la Figure 1. Compte tenu de la conicité de la paroi de l'enceinte 10 sur laquelle les premiers éléments 38 formant pales sont situés, ces derniers forment sensiblement une portion d'hélice. En outre, à proximité de l'ouverture de sortie 18, des deuxièmes éléments 44 formant pales sont fixés sur la paroi interne de l'enceinte 10. Les deuxièmes éléments formant pales présentent une première extrémité 46, située en avant du plan de la Figure 1 , et une deuxième extrémité 48 située en arrière du plan de la Figure 1 de façon que les deuxièmes éléments formant pales constituent également, sensiblement une portion d'hélice.Furthermore, the internal wall of the enclosure 10 comprises first elements 38 forming blades, near the inlet opening 16, the first end 40 of which is situated substantially in front of the plane of FIG. 1, and the second end is located substantially behind the plane of Figure 1. Given the taper of the wall of the enclosure 10 on which the first elements 38 forming blades are located, the latter substantially form a portion of helix. In addition, near the outlet opening 18, second elements 44 forming blades are fixed to the internal wall of the enclosure 10. The second elements forming blades have a first end 46, located in front of the plane of Figure 1, and a second end 48 located behind the plane of Figure 1 so that the second blades forming elements also constitute, substantially, a portion of a propeller.
L'installation comprend également des moyens de traitement des effluents gazeux. Ces moyens, reliés à l'enceinte 10 par l'élément tubulaire 32 comportent un dépoussiéreur 50 apte à filtrer les particules. Avantageusement, le dépoussiéreur 50 comporte un brumisateur interne, et il est relié à un condenseur 52.The installation also includes means for treating gaseous effluents. These means, connected to the enclosure 10 by the tubular element 32 comprise a dust collector 50 able to filter the particles. Advantageously, the dust collector 50 includes an internal fogger, and it is connected to a condenser 52.
Après avoir décrit la structure de l'installation conforme à l'invention, on décrira maintenant le procédé qu'elle permet de mettre en œuvre. Les caractéristiques essentielles du procédé, selon l'invention, consistent à chauffer des produits ligneux à une température suffisante pour que les composés qu'ils contiennent puissent, notamment, réagir entre eux et donner des substances aromatisantes sans risquer une inflammation des produits. Ainsi, on obtient des produits ligneux contenant des substances aromatisantes extractibles, destinés à l'industrie de la parfumerie, aux industries alimentaires ou aux industries des parfums d'ambiance.After having described the structure of the installation in accordance with the invention, a description will now be given of the process which it makes it possible to implement. The essential characteristics of the process according to the invention consist in heating wood products to a sufficient temperature so that the compounds they contain can, in particular, react with one another and give flavoring substances without risking inflammation of the products. Thus, woody products containing extractable flavoring substances are obtained, intended for the perfume industry, the food industries or the room fragrance industries.
Les produits ligneux utilisés sont généralement des essences de bois contenant des composés aptes à donner des substances aromatisantes particulières telles les essences de chênes ou de hêtres, notamment.The wood products used are generally wood essences containing compounds capable of giving particular flavoring substances such as oak or beech essences, in particular.
Ces produits sont tout d'abord déchiquetés de manière à obtenir des formes élémentaires de bois telles des plaquettes, des copeaux, ou autres et sont ensuite introduit à travers la goulotte de remplissage 36 dans l'enceinte 10. Durant la phase de remplissage, l'enceinte 10 est entraînée en rotation autour de son axe A suivant le sens de la flèche F. Ainsi, les premiers éléments formant pales 38 dont la première extrémité 40 est située en avant du plan de la Figure 1 et la deuxième extrémité 42 est située en arrière, entraînent-ils, grâce à leur rotation, les produits ligneux vers le centre de l'enceinte 10. De la sorte, la charge est répartie de façon équilibrée dans l'enceinte 10.These products are first shredded so as to obtain elementary forms of wood such as chips, chips, or the like and are then introduced through the filling chute 36 into the enclosure 10. During the filling phase, the enclosure 10 is rotated about its axis A in the direction of arrow F. Thus, the first blades forming elements 38 whose first end 40 is located in front of the plane of Figure 1 and the second end 42 is located behind, do they entrain, thanks to their rotation, the wood products towards the center of the enclosure 10. In this way, the load is distributed in a balanced manner in the enclosure 10.
Lorsque l'enceinte 10 est remplie sensiblement au tiers de son volume, l'opération de remplissage est arrêtée, la goulotte de remplissage 36 est escamotée et les moyens d'obturation sont appliqués sur l'ouverture d'entrée 16. Il va de soi que durant le remplissage, l'ouverture de sortie 18 est obturée et qu'elle le reste durant la phase de chauffage qui est commandée dès la fermeture de l'ouverture d'entrée 16.When the enclosure 10 is filled substantially to a third of its volume, the filling operation is stopped, the filling chute 36 is retracted and the sealing means are applied to the inlet opening 16. It goes without saying that during filling, the outlet opening 18 is closed and remains so during the heating phase which is controlled as soon as the inlet opening 16 is closed.
Le chauffage de l'enceinte est réalisé par la mise en œuvre des brûleurs à gaz et de la soufflerie qui chauffent l'intérieur du caisson 20.The enclosure is heated by the use of gas burners and the blower which heats the interior of the box 20.
Durant la montée en température des produits ligneux situés dans l'enceinte 10, l'eau qu'ils contiennent s'évapore et tend à augmenter la pression interne de l'enceinte. Ainsi, un effluent gazeux contenant essentiellement de la vapeur d'eau s'échappe de l'enceinte 10 à travers l'élément tubulaire 32. Cependant, tous les gaz contenus dans l'enceinte 10, sous l'action de la chaleur, se dilatent et tendent à s'échapper également avec l'effluent gazeux. De la sorte, l'atmosphère interne de l'enceinte 10 tend à s'appauvrir en gaz, notamment en oxygène, puisque l'enceinte 10 est étanche et qu'aucun air frais n'y pénètre durant le chauffage, ce qui diminue le risque d'inflammation des produits ligneux.During the rise in temperature of the wood products located in the enclosure 10, the water which they contain evaporates and tends to increase the internal pressure of the enclosure. Thus, a gaseous effluent containing essentially water vapor escapes from the enclosure 10 through the tubular element 32. However, all the gases contained in the enclosure 10, under the action of heat, expand and tend to also escape with the off-gas. In this way, the internal atmosphere of the enclosure 10 tends to become depleted in gas, in particular in oxygen, since the enclosure 10 is sealed and that no fresh air penetrates there during heating, which reduces the risk of ignition of wood products.
Par ailleurs, les poussières générés par le brassage des produits ligneux et notamment les fines s'échappent également de l'enceinte 10 par l'élément tubulaire 32, véhiculés par l'effluent gazeux.Furthermore, the dust generated by the stirring of wood products and in particular the fines also escape from the enclosure 10 by the tubular element 32, conveyed by the gaseous effluent.
L'effluent gazeux est dirigé dans un dépoussiéreur 50 apte à filtrer les particules et afin de faciliter la filtration, un brumisateur situé à l'intérieur du dépoussiéreur 50 humecte les particules solides de l'effluent. Ensuite, les gaz condensables à température ambiante sont condensés dans le condenseur 52.The gaseous effluent is directed into a dust collector 50 capable of filtering the particles and in order to facilitate filtration, a fogger located inside the dust collector 50 moistens the solid particles of the effluent. Then, the gases condensable at room temperature are condensed in the condenser 52.
Lorsque tous les éléments vaporisables ont été extraits, la pression interne de l'enceinte 10 diminue et le débit dans l'élément tubulaire 32 est relativement faible. Cependant, l'élément tubulaire 32 est suffisamment étroit pour que la quantité d'air susceptible de pénétrer en sens inverse dans l'enceinte 10 soit négligeable. C'est dans cette phase ou la pression interne de l'enceinte 10 est plus basse que la température des produits ligneux est augmentée de façon que les réactions chimiques des composés qu'ils contiennent puissent se produire. La température nécessaire à de telles réactions est supérieure à 150°C. Dans cette phase du procédé, les éléments formant pales 38, 44 permettent un brassage continu des produits ligneux et évitent qu'ils soient brûlés contre les parois de l'enceinte 10.When all the vaporizable elements have been extracted, the internal pressure of the enclosure 10 decreases and the flow rate in the tubular element 32 is relatively low. However, the tubular element 32 is sufficiently narrow so that the quantity of air liable to penetrate in the opposite direction into the enclosure 10 is negligible. It is in this phase where the internal pressure of the enclosure 10 is lower that the temperature of the wood products is increased so that the chemical reactions of the compounds which they contain can occur. The temperature required for such reactions is greater than 150 ° C. In this phase of the process, the paddle elements 38, 44 allow continuous mixing of the wood products and prevent them from being burnt against the walls of the enclosure 10.
Lorsque les produits ligneux sont traités, c'est-à-dire lorsque les substances aromatisantes ont été obtenues, les moyens de chauffage sont arrêtés, et de l'air ambiant est insufflé dans le caisson 20 de façon à refroidir l'enceinte 10. En effet, une ouverture de l'enceinte 10 immédiatement après l'arrêt des moyens de chauffage, provoquerait une entrée d'air dans l'enceinte 10 et une combustion des produits ligneux puisque leur température est encore sensiblement supérieure à 150°C.When the wood products are treated, that is to say when the flavoring substances have been obtained, the heating means are stopped, and ambient air is blown into the box 20 so as to cool the enclosure 10. Indeed, an opening of the enclosure 10 immediately after stopping the heating means, would cause an entry of air into the enclosure 10 and combustion of the wood products since their temperature is still substantially above 150 ° C.
Dès que la température des produits ligneux le permet, l'ouverture de sortie 18 est libérée et le sens de rotation de l'enceinte 10 est inversée de façon que les deuxièmes éléments formant pales entraînent les produits ligneux transformés à travers l'ouverture de sortie. Ainsi, les produits chutent dans la goulotte de réception 34 et sont aptes à être conditionnés à son extrémités. Afin d'automatiser le processus de production, on prévoit des moyens de convoyage, des moyens de stockage, des moyens de calibrage et des moyens de pesage/ensachage dans le prolongement de la goulotte de réception 34.As soon as the temperature of the wood products allows, the outlet opening 18 is released and the direction of rotation of the enclosure 10 is reversed so that the second blade elements entrain the transformed wood products through the outlet opening . Thus, the products fall into the receiving chute 34 and are capable of being packaged at its ends. In order to automate the production process, provision is made for conveying means, storage means, calibration means and weighing / bagging means in the extension of the receiving chute 34.
On comprend que le procédé proprement dit de traitement des produits ligneux est séquentiel et que, lorsque l'enceinte 10 est entièrement vidée, une nouvelle séquence de production peut être démarrée. It is understood that the process proper for treating wood products is sequential and that, when the enclosure 10 is completely emptied, a new production sequence can be started.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux destiné à produire des produits ligneux traités contenant des substances aromatisantes extractibles, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :1. Method for treating wood products intended for producing treated wood products containing extractable flavoring substances, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- on fournit un mélange de produits ligneux sous forme élémentaire que l'on introduit dans une enceinte étanche (10) comportant un orifice de sortie (30) ;- A mixture of wood products is provided in elementary form which is introduced into a sealed enclosure (10) comprising an outlet orifice (30);
- on fournit de l'énergie thermique audit mélange pour le porter à une température supérieure à 100°C, de façon à vaporiser au moins une première partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux et à augmenter la pression de gaz de ladite enceinte (10), lesdits gaz qui contiennent au moins une partie de l'oxygène présent dans le mélange étant extrait par ledit orifice de sortie (30), et de façon à transformer au moins une deuxième partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux en substances aromatisantes sans que le mélange de produits ligneux soit oxydé ; et,- thermal energy is supplied to said mixture to bring it to a temperature above 100 ° C., so as to vaporize at least a first part of the constituents of said wood products and to increase the gas pressure of said enclosure (10), said gases which contain at least part of the oxygen present in the mixture being extracted by said outlet orifice (30), and so as to transform at least a second part of the constituents of said wood products into flavoring substances without the mixture of wood products either oxidized; and,
- on récupère ledit mélange de produits ligneux traité, lesdits produits ligneux contenant lesdites substances aromatisantes extractibles. - Recovering said mixture of treated wood products, said wood products containing said extractable flavoring substances.
2. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que lesdits produits ligneux sont conditionnés sous la forme de copeaux.2. A method of treating wood products according to claim 1, characterized in that said wood products are packaged in the form of chips.
3. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue le brassage dudit mélange durant l'étape où il est porté à une température supérieure à 100°C de façon que l'énergie thermique soit répartie de façon homogène dans ledit mélange.3. A method of treating wood products according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing of said mixture is carried out during the step where it is brought to a temperature above 100 ° C so that the thermal energy is homogeneously distributed in said mixture.
4. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte étanche (10) est chauffée par des moyens de chauffage (26) externes à ladite enceinte (10) de façon à fournir ladite énergie thermique audit mélange.4. A method of treating wood products according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said sealed enclosure (10) is heated by heating means (26) external to said enclosure (10) so as to supply said thermal energy to said mixture.
5. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange est porté à une température supérieur à 150°C.5. A method of treating wood products according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said mixture is brought to a temperature above 150 ° C.
6. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'en outre, ledit mélange de produits ligneux est chargé dans ladite enceinte (10) par une ouverture d'entrée (16) et déchargé par une ouverture de sortie (18), les deux ouvertures comportant des moyens de fermeture aptes à les obturer de façon étanche.6. A method of treating wood products according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in addition, said mixture of wood products is loaded into said enclosure (10) by an inlet opening (16) and discharged through an outlet opening (18), the two openings comprising closing means capable of sealing them.
7. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on procède au dégagement de l'ouverture de sortie (18) après que la température dudit mélange de produit ligneux soit descendue au-dessous de 150°C.7. A method of treating wood products according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one proceeds to the release of the outlet opening (18) after the temperature of said wood product mixture has dropped to - below 150 ° C.
8. Procédé de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que durant l'étape où ledit mélange est porté à une température supérieure à 100°C on traite lesdits gaz. 8. A method of treating wood products according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that during the step where said mixture is brought to a temperature above 100 ° C said gases are treated.
9. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux destiné à produire des produits ligneux traités contenant des substances aromatisantes extractibles, caractérisée en ce qu'il comprend:9. Plant for the treatment of wood products intended to produce treated wood products containing extractable flavoring substances, characterized in that it comprises:
- une enceinte étanche (10) comportant un orifice de sortie (30) apte à contenir un mélange de produits ligneux ; - des moyens (26) pour fournir de l'énergie thermique audit mélange et le porter à une température supérieure à 100°C, de façon à vaporiser au moins une première partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux et à augmenter la pression de gaz de ladite enceinte (10), les gaz contenant au moins une partie de l'oxygène présent dans le mélange ; - des moyens (32, 50, 52) pour extraire, par ledit orifice de sortie,- a sealed enclosure (10) comprising an outlet orifice (30) capable of containing a mixture of wood products; - Means (26) for supplying thermal energy to said mixture and bringing it to a temperature above 100 ° C., so as to vaporize at least a first part of the constituents of said wood products and to increase the gas pressure of said enclosure (10), the gases containing at least part of the oxygen present in the mixture; - means (32, 50, 52) for extracting, through said outlet orifice,
(30) lesdits gaz contenant de l'oxygène de façon qu'au moins une deuxième partie des constituants desdits produits ligneux soit transformée en substances aromatisantes sans que le mélange de produits ligneux soit oxydé ; et,(30) said oxygen-containing gases so that at least one second part of the constituents of said wood products is transformed into flavoring substances without the mixture of wood products being oxidized; and,
- des moyens pour récupérer ledit mélange de produits ligneux traité, lesdits produits ligneux contenant lesdites substances aromatisantes extractibles.- Means for recovering said mixture of treated wood products, said wood products containing said extractable flavoring substances.
10. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend, en outre, des moyens pour actionner ladite enceinte en rotation de façon à effectuer le brassage dudit mélange qu'elle contient.10. Installation for treating wood products according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises means for actuating said enclosure in rotation so as to effect the mixing of said mixture which it contains.
11. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de chauffage (26) aptes à chauffer ladite enceinte étanche de façon à fournir ladite énergie thermique audit mélange. 11. Installation for treating wood products according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises heating means (26) capable of heating said sealed enclosure so as to supply said thermal energy to said mixture.
12. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11 , caractérisée en ce que ladite enceinte (10) présente une forme sensiblement bi-conique dont le diamètre médian est supérieur aux diamètres des extrémités (12, 14), son axe de symétrie A traversant lesdites extrémités (12, 14) étant sensiblement horizontal ; et en ce que ladite enceinte (10) est entraînée en rotation autour dudit axe de symétrie A.12. Installation for treating wood products according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that said enclosure (10) has a substantially bi-conical shape whose median diameter is greater than the diameters of the ends (12, 14) , its axis of symmetry A passing through said ends (12, 14) being substantially horizontal; and in that said enclosure (10) is rotated about said axis of symmetry A.
13. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que ladite enceinte (10) comporte une ouverture d'entrée (16) située à l'une de ses extrémités (12) et une ouverture de sortie (18) située à l'autre de ses extrémités (14), les deux ouvertures comportant des moyens de fermeture aptes à les obturer de façon étanche.13. Installation for treating wood products according to claim 12, characterized in that said enclosure (10) has an inlet opening (16) located at one of its ends (12) and an outlet opening (18) located at the other of its ends (14), the two openings comprising closing means capable of sealing them.
14. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisée en ce que ladite enceinte (10) comporte sur sa paroi interne des premiers éléments (38) formant pales aptes à produire un mouvement déterminé dudit mélange lorsque ladite enceinte est entraînée dans un premier sens de rotation F.14. Installation for treating wood products according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that said enclosure (10) has on its internal wall first elements (38) forming blades able to produce a determined movement of said mixture when said enclosure is driven in a first direction of rotation F.
15. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisée en ce que ladite enceinte (10) comporte sur sa paroi interne des deuxièmes éléments (44) formant pales aptes à entraîner ledit mélange à travers l'ouverture de sortie (18) lorsque ladite enceinte (10) est entraînée dans un deuxième sens de rotation, inverse audit premier F.15. Installation for treating wood products according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that said enclosure (10) has on its internal wall second elements (44) forming blades capable of driving said mixture through the outlet opening (18) when said enclosure (10) is driven in a second direction of rotation, opposite to said first F.
16. Installation de traitement de produits ligneux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens pour récupérer lesdits gaz comportent des moyens de traitement (50, 52). 16. Installation for treating wood products according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that said means for recovering said gases comprise treatment means (50, 52).
PCT/FR2001/002860 2000-09-15 2001-09-14 Method for treating ligneous products designed to produce flavouring substances WO2002021939A1 (en)

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FR0011792A FR2814108B1 (en) 2000-09-15 2000-09-15 PROCESS FOR TREATING WOODY PRODUCTS FOR FORMING FLAVORING SUBSTANCES
FR00/11792 2000-09-15

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3106473A (en) * 1961-12-27 1963-10-08 Red Arrow Products Corp Aqueous smoke solution for use in foodstuffs and method of producing same
US3462282A (en) * 1964-12-23 1969-08-19 Gerhard Fessmann Process and apparatus for preparing a smoking fluid and smoking foodstuffs therewith
US4594251A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-06-10 Union Carbide Corporation Preparation of tar-depleted liquid smoke treated casings
EP0423393A1 (en) * 1987-11-12 1991-04-24 Ensyn Engineering Associates Inc. Liquid smoke obtained by fast pyrolysis

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3106473A (en) * 1961-12-27 1963-10-08 Red Arrow Products Corp Aqueous smoke solution for use in foodstuffs and method of producing same
US3462282A (en) * 1964-12-23 1969-08-19 Gerhard Fessmann Process and apparatus for preparing a smoking fluid and smoking foodstuffs therewith
US4594251A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-06-10 Union Carbide Corporation Preparation of tar-depleted liquid smoke treated casings
EP0423393A1 (en) * 1987-11-12 1991-04-24 Ensyn Engineering Associates Inc. Liquid smoke obtained by fast pyrolysis

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FR2814108A1 (en) 2002-03-22
FR2814108B1 (en) 2003-01-31
AU2001290023A1 (en) 2002-03-26

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