WO2001095430A1 - Antenne et dispositif radio comprenant ladite antenne - Google Patents
Antenne et dispositif radio comprenant ladite antenne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001095430A1 WO2001095430A1 PCT/JP2001/004868 JP0104868W WO0195430A1 WO 2001095430 A1 WO2001095430 A1 WO 2001095430A1 JP 0104868 W JP0104868 W JP 0104868W WO 0195430 A1 WO0195430 A1 WO 0195430A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- antenna element
- conductor
- antenna according
- core rod
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/40—Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna mounted on a wireless device used for mobile communication and the like, and a wireless device using the same.
- a typical example of such a mobile communication is a cellular phone system, which is widely used in various parts of the world, and the frequency band used varies from region to region.
- the frequency band used for digital mobile phone systems is 810 to 960 MHz for Personal Digital Cellular 800 (PDC800) in Japan and 890-960 MHz for Group Special Mobile Co.
- PDC800 Personal Digital Cellular 800
- Group Special Mobile Co For Personal Communication Network (PCN), 1,710-1,880 MHz, and for Personal CommunicaUon System (PCS), 1,850-1,990 MHz.
- Helical antenna elements in which a linear conductor is spirally wound are generally widely used as antenna elements of an antenna used for a mobile phone supporting such a plurality of frequency bands.
- Figure 12 shows the outline of a conventional antenna corresponding to two frequency bands of GSM frequency band 890-960 MHz and PCN frequency band 1, 710-1 and 880 MHz.
- FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are cross-sectional views showing the frequency characteristics of the VSWR showing the impedance characteristics.
- the antenna element 3 is made of phosphor bronze wire, and the straight part 1 is arranged inside the spiral part 2, and the upper end of the linear part 1 and the upper end of the spiral part 2 are connected and integrally formed.
- the power supply fitting 6 is made of metal and has a concave portion 4 for connecting and fixing the antenna element 3 at an upper portion, and a mounting screw portion 5 for attaching to a wireless device is formed at a lower portion.
- the radome 7 is made of a resinous dielectric material and covers a part of the antenna element 3 and the power supply fitting 6.
- the power supply fitting 6 is mounted on the housing of the mobile phone so as to be electrically connected to the high-frequency circuit unit, and functions as an antenna corresponding to two frequency bands.
- the antenna 8 configured in this manner has a GSM frequency band such that the electrical length of the linear portion 1 and the spiral portion 2 of the antenna element 3 corresponds to about ⁇ / 2 in the PCN frequency band. Is set so as to correspond to about ⁇ / 4, and the impedance characteristic of the antenna element 3 can be improved in both of these frequency bands by utilizing the electrical coupling between the linear part 1 and the spiral part 2 of the antenna element 3. It is configured so that
- the impedance characteristic of the antenna element 3 is generally required to have a VSWR of 3 or less in each frequency band. It was difficult to satisfy this with a structure in which the phosphor bronze wire was extended linearly and spirally wound from the tip.
- the impedance characteristic uses the electrical coupling between the linear portion 1 and the spiral portion 2.
- VSWR can be 3 or less.
- the GSM frequency band between blood 1 and blood 2
- the electrical length is reset by changing the diameter ⁇ pitch of the helical part 2, and as shown in Fig. 14, the bandwidth is increased (between 1 and 2) in the GSM frequency band. Then, the electrical length in the PCN frequency band and the electrical coupling between the linear part 1 and the spiral part 2 will also change at the same time. Therefore, in the PCN frequency band (between A3 and A4), the VSWR degrades to 4 or more. Therefore, the conventional antenna structure has a problem that radio waves in one frequency band can be transmitted and received satisfactorily, but radio waves in the other frequency band cannot be transmitted and received satisfactorily.
- the present invention makes it possible to easily set the electrical length of an antenna element, obtain good impedance characteristics in a plurality of desired frequency bands with one antenna element, and obtain an impedance characteristic.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an antenna with excellent productivity and reliability that does not require an impedance matching circuit because of a small variation in the characteristics, and to reduce the price of a wireless device using this antenna. I do.
- the antenna of the present invention has a plurality of frequency bands.
- An antenna element for transmitting and receiving radio waves a power supply for electrically connecting the antenna element to the high-frequency circuit of the wireless device, a core rod made of a dielectric material for mechanically holding the antenna element, an antenna element, and power supply And a radome made of a dielectric material that covers a part of the portion.
- the antenna element portion further includes a substantially spiral portion and a substantially meander portion concentric with the core rod.
- the antenna of the present invention has many aspects as described below.
- the dielectric material forming the core rod and the dielectric material forming the radome have different dielectric constants.
- a plurality of semi-circular and narrow strip-shaped first conductors having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the core rod are arranged at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the core rod from near the end of the core rod and at the front and back surfaces of the core rod. Are arranged alternately in parallel with each other, and the ends of the adjacent first conductors are connected by a short strip-shaped conductor thin plate to form a substantially spiral portion. Further, a plurality of strip-shaped second conductors are formed. They are arranged in parallel, and the ends of the adjacent second conductors are connected by a short strip-shaped thin conductor plate to form a substantially meander-shaped portion, which is disposed near the substantially spiral portion. (3)
- the antenna element is formed by stamping a conductive metal sheet.
- the antenna element is formed by pressing a conductive metal wire obtained by subjecting a copper alloy or metal to a conductive plating process.
- the antenna element is formed by pressing a predetermined pattern formed by etching a conductive thin conductive plate.
- the antenna element is formed by pressing a flexible wiring board on which a predetermined pattern is formed.
- the antenna element is formed by printing a conductive paste.
- the antenna element is formed by firing conductive powder.
- connection point for connecting one end of the substantially spiral portion and one end of the substantially meander portion so that the substantially meander portion is parallel to the center axis of the substantially spiral portion. And at the connection point so that it wraps around.
- a connection point for connecting one end of the substantially helical portion and one end of the substantially meander-shaped portion near the tip of the core rod, and at least a part of each second conductor portion of the substantially meander-shaped portion is substantially helical. It has an arc shape with substantially the same diameter as the shape portion, and is arranged so that the substantially meander shape portion is folded back at the connection point, separated from the substantially spiral shape portion, and further concentric with the substantially spiral shape portion.
- the feed section is formed integrally with the antenna element section.
- each electrical length of a substantially spiral part and a meander-shaped part or the ratio of both can be set easily, and a favorable impedance characteristic in a desired several frequency band compared with the past is obtained. It is possible to provide a small-sized and inexpensive antenna which can be obtained more easily, has a wide band, a high gain and a high reliability. Note that a wireless device equipped with the antenna of the present invention and a wireless device equipped with two antennas and performing diversity communication also belong to the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a right sectional view of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a top view of the antenna element of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a frequency characteristic diagram of the VSWR of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a front sectional view of the antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a right sectional view of the antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a wireless device equipped with an antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a wireless device equipped with an antenna according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a wireless device equipped with an antenna according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional antenna.
- Fig. 13 is an example of the VSWR frequency characteristic diagram of a conventional antenna.
- Fig. 14 is an example of the VSWR frequency characteristic diagram of a conventional antenna. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is its external view
- FIG. 3 is its front cross-sectional view
- FIG. 1 the antenna element 11 is formed as follows.
- the substantially spiral portion 12 is formed by punching and pressing a thin metal plate of good conductivity such as a copper alloy plate.
- the substantially meandering portion 13 is similarly formed by punching and pressing a good conductive metal thin plate such as a copper alloy plate.
- the antenna element 11 is formed in such a shape that a substantially spiral part 12 and a substantially meandering part 13 are connected at their respective upper ends, and both are folded back at the respective parts.
- the power supply fitting 14 is connected and fixed to one end 13 A (see FIG. 3) of one end of the substantially meander-shaped portion 13 of the antenna element 11, and the antenna is not used. It has a screw section 14 A (see Fig. 2) on the outer periphery for attaching to the wire device.
- FIGS. 1 The substantially spiral portion 12 is formed by punching and pressing a thin metal plate of good conductivity such as a copper alloy plate.
- the substantially meandering portion 13 is similarly formed by punching and pressing a good conductive metal thin plate such as a copper alloy plate.
- the core rod 15 is made of an oligomeric elastomer resin having a dielectric constant of about 2.2, and the substantially spiral part 12 and the substantially meander part 13 of the antenna element 11 are substantially concentric. And the power supply fittings 14 are closely fixed to each other.
- the radome 16 is made of an olefin-based elastomer resin having a dielectric constant of about 2.5, and exposes the vicinity of the screw portion 14 A of the power supply fitting 14 to cover the outer periphery of the antenna element 11.
- a first conductor 17 having a semicircular and narrow band shape having a diameter substantially equal to that of the core rod 15 is provided at a predetermined interval in the axial direction from near the tip of the core rod 15, and the front surface of the cylindrical surface of the core rod 15
- the semi-cylindrical surface (17 B) on the side and the semi-cylindrical surface (17 A) on the back side are alternately arranged in parallel.
- One end of each first conductor is connected to one end of the adjacent first conductor by short strip-shaped conductors 18 A and 18 B to form a substantially spiral portion 12. As shown in FIG.
- the second conductor portion 19 having a semicircular and narrow band shape having a diameter substantially equal to that of the core rod 15 is provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction from the vicinity of the tip of the core rod 15. Are arranged in parallel with one semicylindrical surface (19) of the cylindrical surfaces. Further, one end of the second conductor is connected to one end of the adjacent second conductor by short strip-shaped conductors 2OA and 20B to form a substantially meander portion 13. As shown in FIG. 4, one end of the substantially spiral portion 12 is open, and the other end is connected to one end of the substantially meander-shaped portion 13 at a connection portion 21 near the tip of the core rod 15. A power supply fitting 14 is connected and fixed to the other end 13 A of the substantially meandering part 13 as shown in FIG.
- the second conductor portion 19 of the substantially meander portion 13 is held between the first conductor portions 17B shown by solid lines in FIG. , Each connection 18 A, 18 B and 2 OA, 20 B The position is determined, and a substantially spiral portion 12 and a substantially meander portion 13 are formed. As described above, when the substantially spiral portion 12 and the substantially meandering portion 13 of the antenna element 11 are formed in combination, the connecting portions 2OA and 2OB do not contact the first conductor portion 17B. As shown in the top view of the antenna element in FIG. 5, the diameter C of the semicircular first conductor 17 is slightly smaller than the diameter D of the substantially semicircular second conductor 19. Small dimensions. In addition, the connection portions 2OA and 20B are arranged slightly apart from the connection portions 18A and 18B.
- the antenna according to the present embodiment is configured as described above. Next, the operation of the antenna device will be described.
- the antenna shown in Fig. 1 is fixed to a predetermined location of a wireless device (not shown) by a screw portion 14A provided on the outer periphery of the power supply fitting 14, and is a high-frequency signal corresponding to radio waves transmitted and received by the antenna. Is transmitted between the high-frequency circuit (not shown) of the wireless device and the antenna via the power supply fitting 14.
- the antenna element 11 is set to a predetermined electrical length so as to exhibit a good VSWR in the first frequency band and the second frequency band by using the electrical coupling.
- the diameter / pitch of the substantially spiral portion can be changed in the same manner as in the present embodiment.
- the portion corresponding to the substantially meandering portion 13 is a linear conductor, and only its length and thickness can be changed.
- many parameters such as the length, width, number, and pitch of the second conductor portion of the substantially meander portion 13 can be changed.
- the above-mentioned stray capacitance inductance can be changed more freely. Therefore, by changing these parameters, an electric length suitable for two frequency bands can be obtained.
- the electrical connection is used to change the pitch, diameter, and the like of the second conductor portion 19 so that the second conductor portion 19 operates with good impedance characteristics in the second frequency band.
- the pitch, diameter, etc. of the first conductor portion 17 are changed so as to operate with good impedance characteristics in the first frequency band and to operate with good impedance characteristics in the second frequency band.
- the electrical length can be determined independently of each other without affecting other frequency bands or VSWR. Therefore, as shown in the VSWR frequency characteristic diagram of the antenna in Fig.
- the frequency band of GSM (890-960 MHz, between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2) and the frequency band of PCN (1, 710-1, 880 MHz
- the desired impedance characteristics can be obtained between ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4, and an antenna with a wide band and high gain can be obtained.
- the effective electrical length of the antenna element can be extended by the factor or the like. As a result, the same electrical length can be achieved with a device having a short mechanical length. Therefore, a small, lightweight and highly reliable antenna can be obtained.
- the antenna element 11 is formed by punching and pressing a good conductive metal sheet. Therefore, the plurality of first conductor portions 17 and the plurality of second conductor portions 19 are unlikely to have uneven pitch or deformation, and are easy to assemble and inexpensive.
- the number of conductors of the second conductor 19 is appropriately set, or the core rod 15 or By changing the dielectric constant of the dielectric material forming the radome 16, good impedance characteristics can be more easily obtained in a desired frequency band.
- the second conductor portion 19 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the first conductor portion 17 B on the semi-cylindrical surface on the front side of the cylindrical surface of the core rod 15, thereby forming a substantially spiral portion 12. It is also possible to change the degree of electrical coupling between the wire and the substantially meandering portion 13, and it is possible to easily and widely control the impedance characteristics.
- the connecting portions 18A and 18B and the connecting portions 20A and 20B are not shaped as shown in FIGS. The effect can be obtained.
- the antenna element 11 is formed by punching and pressing a good conductive metal thin plate such as a copper alloy plate.
- FIG. 5 is a front sectional view of the antenna device according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a right sectional view of the antenna device. Omitted.
- the antenna element 11 is formed by punching and pressing a highly conductive metal sheet such as a copper alloy sheet in the same manner as in Example 1 (see FIG.
- the substantially spiral part 12 and the substantially meandering part 13 are connected by a connecting part 21 near the upper end of the core rod 24.
- the feeder terminal 23 and the antenna element 11 each having a panel-shaped contact portion 22 continuous with the lower end portion 13 ⁇ of the substantially meander-shaped portion 13 are provided. Are integrally formed. These contact portions 22 are provided to press-contact the input / output circuit pattern of the high-frequency circuit of the wireless device when the antenna is mounted on the wireless device (see FIG. 8).
- the power supply terminal 23 is tightly fixed to the core rod 24, and the antenna is snapped to the wireless device at the outer periphery of the lower end of the ABS resin core rod 24 having a dielectric constant of about 2.3.
- a nail part 25 that can be naturally deformed for mounting is formed.
- the radome 16 covers the outer periphery of the antenna element 11 by exposing the lowermost part of the core rod 24 and the contact part 22.
- the number of components can be reduced and the antenna can be reduced in price.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a wireless device to which the antenna device according to the third embodiment of the present invention is attached.
- the same components as those in the first to fourteenth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- reference numeral 26 denotes a wireless device
- the antenna is a housing made of an insulating resin of the wireless device 26.
- the antenna power supply 14 is connected to the switch 29 by a power supply line 28, and the high-frequency circuit 30 for the first frequency band and the high-frequency circuit 30 are connected via the switch 29. It is connected to the high frequency circuit 31 for the frequency band 2.
- the antenna not only can the antenna be easily attached to the wireless device 26, but also the antenna has impedance characteristics corresponding to a plurality of desired frequency bands. There is no need to add a complicated impedance matching circuit to the high-frequency circuit section, and the price of the wireless device can be reduced.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a wireless device to which the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is attached.
- the same components as those of the seventh and eighth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. I do.
- an antenna an antenna with the radome 16 removed from the antenna shown in FIG. 7
- a circuit board not shown in the housing 27 of the wireless device 26.
- the antenna feed terminal 23 is connected to the switch 29 via the feed line 28 inside the wireless device 26, and the high-frequency circuit 30 for the first frequency band and the second Connected to the high frequency circuit 31 for the frequency band of FIG.
- the antenna is built in the wireless device 26 so that the antenna can be dropped when the wireless device 26 is dropped or subjected to an impact. Damage can be prevented. Further, since the size of the wireless device 26 can be reduced and the antenna can be easily attached to the wireless device, the manufacturing cost of the wireless device 26 can be reduced. (Example 5)
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a wireless device to which the antenna device of the fifth embodiment of the present invention is attached.
- the first and second antennas (shown in FIG. 7) are respectively connected to the upper end and the lower end of a circuit board (not shown) in the housing 27 of the wireless device 26.
- Antennas with the radome 16 removed by the antenna) are arranged, and the feed terminals 23 A and 23 B of the first and second antennas are connected to the feed lines 28 A and 28 B, respectively.
- the common terminal of the switch 32 is connected to the high-frequency circuit 33.
- the circuit following the high-frequency circuit 33 compares the received power levels of the first antenna and the second antenna, and automatically switches off the switch 32 so that the antenna with the higher received power is connected to the high-frequency circuit 33. This enables diversity communication.
- the use of a plurality of antennas having the same impedance characteristics in a desired frequency band can eliminate variations in the impedance characteristics, thereby achieving high gain and high gain.
- an antenna can be easily attached to the wireless device, so that an inexpensive wireless device can be obtained.
- the antenna element is formed by the substantially spiral portion and the substantially meandering portion, the electrical length of the substantially spiral portion and the substantially meandering portion can be easily adjusted. Good performance in multiple desired frequency bands It is possible to provide a small and inexpensive antenna that can easily obtain impedance characteristics, has a wide band, high gain, and high reliability.
- this antenna in a wireless device, not only is it easy to attach the antenna to the wireless device, but also because a good impedance characteristic can be obtained in a plurality of desired frequency bands, a complicated impedance matching circuit can be obtained. It becomes unnecessary and the price of the wireless device can be reduced.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/048,062 US6661391B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-08 | Antenna and radio device comprising the same |
EP01936930A EP1291963B1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-08 | Antenna and radio device comprising the same |
DE60109608T DE60109608T2 (de) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-08 | Antenne und funkgerät mit einer derartigen antenne |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000173136A JP3835128B2 (ja) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-06-09 | アンテナ装置 |
JP2000-173136 | 2000-06-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001095430A1 true WO2001095430A1 (fr) | 2001-12-13 |
Family
ID=18675419
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/004868 WO2001095430A1 (fr) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-08 | Antenne et dispositif radio comprenant ladite antenne |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6661391B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1291963B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3835128B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100564139B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1211883C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60109608T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001095430A1 (ja) |
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WO2004064193A1 (ja) * | 2003-01-10 | 2004-07-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | アンテナとそれを用いた電子機器 |
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JP2006081072A (ja) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Nec Access Technica Ltd | アンテナ及び無線通信端末 |
JP4715500B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-21 | 2011-07-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | アンテナ装置 |
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US8570239B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2013-10-29 | LHC2 Inc. | Spiraling surface antenna |
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US6661391B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 |
KR20020035573A (ko) | 2002-05-11 |
DE60109608D1 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
CN1383592A (zh) | 2002-12-04 |
EP1291963A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
JP3835128B2 (ja) | 2006-10-18 |
KR100564139B1 (ko) | 2006-03-27 |
JP2001352210A (ja) | 2001-12-21 |
EP1291963B1 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
DE60109608T2 (de) | 2005-08-11 |
EP1291963A4 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
CN1211883C (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
US20020149537A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
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