WO1995029420A1 - Kontrastvorrichtung für mikroskopie - Google Patents
Kontrastvorrichtung für mikroskopie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995029420A1 WO1995029420A1 PCT/DE1995/000533 DE9500533W WO9529420A1 WO 1995029420 A1 WO1995029420 A1 WO 1995029420A1 DE 9500533 W DE9500533 W DE 9500533W WO 9529420 A1 WO9529420 A1 WO 9529420A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contrast
- beam path
- gradient
- microscope
- diffuser
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
- G02B21/08—Condensers
- G02B21/14—Condensers affording illumination for phase-contrast observation
Definitions
- phase objects such as Cells are used in microscopy for differential interference contrast (DIC) according to Nomarski, modulation contrast according to Hoffmann (HMC) and oblique lighting (SB).
- DIC differential interference contrast
- HMC modulation contrast according to Hoffmann
- SB oblique lighting
- the DIC works with polarized light and no longer gives clear images for objects of a certain thickness. It also has other disadvantages, for example it cannot be used with cells in plastic culture dishes.
- the HMC does not give good images from a certain specimen thickness.
- SB gives over-contrasted, object-unlike images on which no details can be seen at high magnification. Furthermore, all three methods give contrast only in one direction of the image, ie only up / down or left / right.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a device according to claim 1.
- Advantageous embodiments are characterized in the subclaims.
- the decisive idea of the invention according to claim 1 now consists in allowing more Fourier components than in the case of obliquely oblique illumination for image formation, and thus making the image more object-like. According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, this can be achieved, for example, by not using a simple perforated or sector diaphragm, but rather a quarter-ring diaphragm and this. downstream of a diffuser. You can also make the aperture itself spatially variable, something like a weighted one to receive oblique lighting on several sides. When examining thick objects, the diffuser is not absolutely necessary, since the object itself then acts as a diffuser.
- a modulator is additionally arranged in a Fourier plane of the imaging beam path. It weakens the Fourier components of direct light, and thus also creates a more object-like picture.
- contrast is generated in 2 essentially orthogonal spatial directions of the image.
- the modulator can be used with and without switching on the diffuser.
- the contrast of the images of thicker phase objects is significantly improved compared to the conventional contrast methods. To do this, it is sufficient to use a contrast device according to the invention in the illumination beam path, while other contrast methods must also influence the imaging beam path.
- Existing microscopes can be easily retrofitted with the gradient contrast described below.
- the gradient contrast can be used for both thick and thin phase objects, the strength of the contrast can be regulated.
- phase contrast with reduced halo can also be generated with the invention.
- a variable combination of phase and gradient contrast can also be set.
- the gradient contrast arises in two essentially orthogonal directions of the image plane.
- the gradient contrast can advantageously also be used on various special microscopes such as infrared, polarization and fluorescence microscopes.
- FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a spatial filter for a device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the beam path near the object of an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5A shows the pupil image when using an embodiment with a modulator
- 5 B shows the relative position of the spatial filter and modulator in the beam path
- FIG. 6 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of the invention in combination with an infrared microscope
- the contrast is generated in phase objects with the present invention by a spatial filter that generates an illumination gradient in the Fourier plane.
- a spatial filter that generates an illumination gradient in the Fourier plane. This is achieved in that the rear focal plane of the condenser is mapped to an accessible location in front of the light source by means of a suitable lens system.
- Fig.l shows, between the microscope body (1) and the halogen lamp (2) two lenses L1 and L2 of focal length f 1 are placed with the distance 2X fl.
- the filament (3) of the lamp (2) is imaged from infinity to infinity.
- the filament of the lamp is also shown in this plane.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the filter as it is used for the observation of brain sections. It is essentially a combination of central aperture (6) and 90 degree sector aperture (7).
- the width of the effective quarter ring (8), which is still effective for illumination in the aperture of the objective, is advantageously 1/2 - 1/10 of the radius of the objective pupil of the microscope. As the lighting ring becomes narrower, the contrast of the image increases. Free sectors up to 180 degrees can also be used. 90 degree sectors give maximum contrast in the two orthogonal spatial directions.
- the increased contrast is explained by the fact that the object, such as brain sections, is no longer illuminated with a full light cone (9), but only with a curved, pointed light sword (10). This creates much less stray light in the brain section above and below the focus than with conventional full-cone lighting: You can look deeper into the brain section.
- the oblique lighting provides a representation of the phase objects, the image is similar to DIC images.
- the decisive point why the oblique lighting provides excellent images here is, in addition to the combination of central and sector aperture, above all the fact that the thick brain section acts as a diffuser.
- the pupil level of the Objectively When looking at the pupil level of the Objectively, therefore, one does not see a sharp quarter ring with an inserted brain section, but a blurred lighting gradient that still has its maximum at the location of the quarter ring. No point on the Fourier plane is completely dark, so that all Fourier components contribute to the formation of the image.
- the aperture is dimensioned such that the part of the quadrant in the condenser aperture that is no longer imaged in the objective pupil is also illuminated. Since an immersion condenser with a higher aperture than the objective serves as the condenser, contrast-enhancing and resolution-increasing effects of dark field microscopy also come into play.
- the spatial filter for the gradient contrast can also be attached directly in the rear focal plane of the condenser or in other planes conjugated to it.
- the described contrast method leads to strong overexposure and strong contrast when applied to thin objects.
- the decisive modification here is the introduction of a diffuser (11) behind the quarter-ring diaphragm, approximately at the level of the Fourier plane (FIG. 1).
- the effect of the brain slice acting as a diffuser is thus achieved without having to have a brain slice in the object plane.
- the objective pupil When looking at the objective pupil, one again sees a diffuse illumination gradient.
- this lighting gradient can now be regulated in a variety of ways: First, by varying the distance between the quarter-ring diaphragm and the diffuser. Also by moving the lens L2 against the diffuser, the cutout and thus the slope of the lighting gradient shown can be changed comfortably. Furthermore, the lighting gradient can be changed by folding or moving different ring diaphragms or by changing diffusers of different strengths. Another possibility for varying the gradient is to produce the diaphragm from polarizing film and to place a rotatable polarizer in front of it. This results in an aperture of adjustable transmission, which can of course also be achieved by using neutral filter foils with different transmissions as the aperture material.
- the gradient can also be generated without a diffuser '' by evaporating reflective or absorption layers on glass plates, the transmission at any point on the glass plate having to imitate the effect of the combination of ring diaphragm and diffuser described above.
- this gradient can also be realized using liquid crystal modules (LC-SLM). This has the advantage that the gradient can be set arbitrarily by computer. This would also make it possible to implement several concentric rings which, in conjunction with phase-shifting components, should lead to over-resolutions (Toraldo apertures).
- rings up to 180 degrees can also be used.
- phase contrast lenses can be used in combination with phase contrast lenses.
- the invention it is also possible with the invention to produce phase contrast without the usual halos.
- either the diffuser or preferably the lens L2 is displaced (FIG. 1) in such a way that the significantly lighter part of the gradient (12) includes the phase ring (13) in the objective (FIG. 4).
- Phase contrast images of the cell without halos are then obtained. If you move L2 away from the diffuser, the gradient maximum in the pupil image moves outwards and the phase ring is no longer directly illuminated.
- the microscopic image changes from the phase contrast image to a DIC-like image.
- a particular advantage of the invention is that this transition can be set continuously. Illuminating the phase ring increases the contrast of very fine structures even without a diffuser when using thick objects.
- the invention advantageously consists of the following components.
- the light source 1 from the radiation of which the longer-wave infrared is filtered out with a heat protection filter (14) which is transparent to light and short-wave infrared.
- the light passes through the gradient contrast device (15) and enters the microscope (16). Only the desired wavelength range in the near infrared is passed through the filter (17).
- the image created in the microscope is from a infrared sensitive camera (18) captured and displayed on a monitor (19).
- the quarter ring illumination can also be used in the reflected light illumination of microscopes. Here too, you can achieve a greater depth of penetration into thick objects than with conventional incident light.
- the invention can be used in particular to reduce scattered light in fluorescence microscopy. Since no phase objects need to be displayed, a full ring can also be used for lighting. The light then falls in as a thin-walled hollow cone and only reaches the intensities necessary for effective fluorescence excitation in the focal plane. This makes fluorescent structures outside of the focal plane much less visible, similar to confocal microscopy.
- the gradient contrast can also be combined with polarization microscopy. A combination of polarization and gradient contrast is then obtained in the image.
- a modulator can also be inserted in the imaging beam path in the lens-side pupil plane, or in an image of this plane.
- the advantage of doing this in an imaging plane is that the lens does not have to be modified.
- the modulator (20) (a sector-coated glass plate) with a transmission of 10-20% is designed in such a way that it completely covers the quarter ring (21) of direct lighting (FIG. 6A).
- 6B shows the arrangement of the spatial filter and modulator in the Fourier planes of the illumination and imaging beam path.
- the modulator can also be temporarily installed at the location of the DIC slider.
- the quarter ring diaphragm can be made of polarizing film to adjust the contrast (see above).
- the modulator also provides contrast in orthogonal directions. With and without the use of a diffuser after the quarter-ring diaphragm, the limitation of the modulator can also be carried out blurry. It can be halo-like Side effects of sharp edges can be avoided. By using a diffuser and event. out of focus phase rings can also be reduced with classic phase contrast halo phenomena.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7527280A JPH09501780A (ja) | 1994-04-20 | 1995-04-18 | 顕微鏡に用いられるコントラスト装置 |
EP95915797A EP0705451A1 (de) | 1994-04-20 | 1995-04-18 | Kontrastvorrichtung für mikroskopie |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEG9406545.4U | 1994-04-20 | ||
DE9406545U DE9406545U1 (de) | 1994-04-20 | 1994-04-20 | Kontrastvorrichtung für Mikroskopie |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995029420A1 true WO1995029420A1 (de) | 1995-11-02 |
Family
ID=6907571
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1995/000533 WO1995029420A1 (de) | 1994-04-20 | 1995-04-18 | Kontrastvorrichtung für mikroskopie |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0705451A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09501780A (de) |
DE (2) | DE9406545U1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995029420A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012117139A1 (es) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-07 | Universidad De Murcia | Procedimiento y sistema para la obtención de imágenes cuantitativas en microscopía óptica de fase |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19604336B4 (de) * | 1996-02-07 | 2004-02-26 | Dodt, Hans-Ulrich, Dr. | Vorrichtung zur Photostimulation mit einem Mikroskop |
DE19960583A1 (de) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-07-05 | Evotec Biosystems Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Mikroskopie |
DE10024135B4 (de) * | 2000-01-28 | 2004-07-08 | Leica Microsystems Heidelberg Gmbh | Mikroskop |
DE10148782A1 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-24 | Zeiss Carl Jena Gmbh | Optisches Modulationselement |
DE10222785B4 (de) * | 2002-05-23 | 2004-12-16 | Wendlandt, Erhard | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Probenuntersuchung |
DE10314750A1 (de) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-11-04 | Leica Microsystems Heidelberg Gmbh | Rastermikroskop zur Detektion eines Objekts |
DE102007061214A1 (de) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Carl Zeiss Microimaging Gmbh | Mikroskop zum Beobachten einer Probe mittels verschiedener Kontrastverfahren |
DE102008059026A1 (de) | 2008-11-26 | 2010-05-27 | Dmt Demminer Maschinenbau Technik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abbildung von Phasenobjekten |
DE102013007399A1 (de) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-30 | Octax Microscience Gmbh | Anordnung zur Beobachtung eines Objekts in Transmissionsmikroskopie |
DE102016108079A1 (de) | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-02 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Artefaktreduktion bei der winkelselektiven beleuchtung |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0069263A1 (de) * | 1981-07-07 | 1983-01-12 | Firma Carl Zeiss | Einrichtung zur wahlweisen Realisierung von Phasenkontrast- und Reliefbeobachtung an Mikroskopen |
DE4236803A1 (de) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-05 | Leica Mikroskopie & Syst | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrastierung mikroskopisch zu untersuchender Objekte |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3420760A1 (de) * | 1984-06-04 | 1985-12-05 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Beleuchtungseinrichtung fuer die optische, insbesondere bildanalytische auswertung von mikrobiologischen objekten |
DE3926199A1 (de) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-02-14 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung zur fehlererkennung in komplexen, relativ regelmaessigen strukturen |
-
1994
- 1994-04-20 DE DE9406545U patent/DE9406545U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-04-18 JP JP7527280A patent/JPH09501780A/ja active Pending
- 1995-04-18 DE DE19514358A patent/DE19514358C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-18 WO PCT/DE1995/000533 patent/WO1995029420A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-04-18 EP EP95915797A patent/EP0705451A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0069263A1 (de) * | 1981-07-07 | 1983-01-12 | Firma Carl Zeiss | Einrichtung zur wahlweisen Realisierung von Phasenkontrast- und Reliefbeobachtung an Mikroskopen |
DE4236803A1 (de) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-05 | Leica Mikroskopie & Syst | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrastierung mikroskopisch zu untersuchender Objekte |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012117139A1 (es) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-07 | Universidad De Murcia | Procedimiento y sistema para la obtención de imágenes cuantitativas en microscopía óptica de fase |
ES2387491A1 (es) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-24 | Universidad De Murcia | Procedimiento y sistema para la obtención de imágenes cuantitativas en microscopía óptica de fase. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE9406545U1 (de) | 1994-11-03 |
DE19514358A1 (de) | 1996-02-01 |
EP0705451A1 (de) | 1996-04-10 |
JPH09501780A (ja) | 1997-02-18 |
DE19514358C2 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
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