WO1993017267A1 - Double-walled construction of composite material tube, method for manufacturing the same, and device therefor - Google Patents
Double-walled construction of composite material tube, method for manufacturing the same, and device therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993017267A1 WO1993017267A1 PCT/JP1993/000247 JP9300247W WO9317267A1 WO 1993017267 A1 WO1993017267 A1 WO 1993017267A1 JP 9300247 W JP9300247 W JP 9300247W WO 9317267 A1 WO9317267 A1 WO 9317267A1
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- Prior art keywords
- double
- layer
- tube structure
- strand
- pipe
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
- B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
- B29C70/207—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration arranged in parallel planes of fibres crossing at substantial angles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/06—Joints with sleeve or socket with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe-ends
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
Definitions
- Double wall composite material tube structure its manufacturing method and equipment
- the invention relates broadly to tube structures made of composite materials, but in particular, secondary sealing against fluid flowing through the pipe.
- the present invention relates to a functional two-wall composite tube structure, a joint structure, and a method and an apparatus for manufacturing the same.
- composite tubing has revealed the potential for mechanical coupling to quickly connect pipes and provide permanent sealing, and has been used in many fluid transport applications. Are being replaced by welding steel pipes.
- the most reliable and economical system for transporting various fluids such as water, oil, gas, slurry, etc.
- Eve technicians have proven that they no longer have to resort to welding steel pipes alone.
- composite pipes have extremely smooth inner surfaces and fluid resistance to fluid flow. In addition, it has the effect of reducing the cost of pump transportation.
- Composite pipes are more economical to bond and seal using mechanical joints than local bonding methods.
- the speed and ease of disassembly of composite pipes, as well as their repair and replacement, has led to the economic viability of composite pipes in many fluid transport systems. It is getting stronger.
- Another conventional method of solving the problem of secondary sealing is to use an annular cavity or an impervious material radially separated by a permeable annular structure. It uses a double-walled pipe consisting of an inner wall and an outer wall. Fluid leaks require a leak detection sensor at the planned location of the selected pipe. And monitor them continuously.
- This type of double-walled pipe is designed to withstand the normal longitudinal and circumferential stresses applied to the pipe by fluctuating fluid pressures and flow rates. , Is designed. Forces, such pipes, cannot effectively withstand the extreme pressures of other types and the bending and compressive loads applied in commercial use. I can't.
- the outer wall of a standard double-walled pipe is larger in diameter than the inner wall, for a given working pressure, the stress (hoop stress) is greater than that of the inner pipe. Is added. Therefore, when manufactured industrially, it is common to mold the inner wall to a thickness greater than the inner wall that acts as the primary sealing mechanism for fluid transport.
- the inner and outer walls may be corrugated, longitudinal or circumferential ribs to enhance the integrity of the overall structure of the pipe. Or other structural elements such as spokes, clips, or permeable rigid foam
- the double-walled composite pipes disclosed in these specifications consist of impermeable inner and outer walls separated by ribs.
- the load-bearing composite material, including the inner and outer walls of the pipe, is typically made of impermeable fiber reinforced thermoset resin.
- the annular gap region of a conventional double-walled composite pipe is located between the inner and outer walls of the pipe and is designed to inherently have a secondary sealing function.
- This area encompasses the above structural elements in certain commercial applications, but is structurally non-structural.
- the area between the inner and outer walls of the pipe is sealed, drained and filled with liquid leaking from one of the walls or filled with air, and the leak detection It has a built-in sensor or probe. Because such annulus areas are manufactured separately from the manufacture of the inner and outer walls of the pipe, they are usually overly complex in construction and expensive to manufacture, install and operate. Become.
- the strength of the joint does not exceed the interlaminar shear or tensile strength of the matrix material making up the pipe, mainly due to standard double-wall composites.
- the material tubing retains a hydrostatic design reference strength greater than 12 000 psi (82.7 MPa) as specified in ASTM D2992. ing.
- the traditional of this type These pipes have a relatively large longitudinal distortion, and as a result, tend to be excessively stretched during use. Pipe elongation causes buckling stress. To counter this buckling stress, the pipes must be buried underground or specially designed pipe fasteners must be used.
- An expansion loop or special compensator compensates for the expansion of the pipe due to temperature changes in the pipe material and changes in Z or longitudinal stress. Used for:
- the joint structure used to join and seal the inner walls of the pipes also joins the outer walls of adjacent pipes at the same time and does not need to be sealed. This reduces the need for pipes to be structurally integrated. Furthermore, there is no permeable response structure between the impermeable inner and outer walls. In addition, the pressure and flow velocity of the fluid leaking from the broken inner wall are usually no. It is not deterred in Eve.
- the present invention solves the above technical problems and provides a tube structure with a high degree of structural integrity, inherent secondary sealing capability, and quick and economical manufacturing and construction. It is intended to provide Disclosure of the invention
- the tube structure of the present invention is composed of multiple layers including a layer composed of a fiber and a curable adhesive for dipping the fiber to form a solid-phase matrix. . At least one layer of this layer
- the structure adopts a structure that reduces the flow velocity and pressure of the fluid leaking from the broken pipe wall and suppresses the fluid leakage. In addition, this layer withstands operating pressures in the pipe and high strain rate stresses caused by shock and hydrostatic shock loads, so that the internal impermeable layer does not rupture, A structure to absorb this is adopted.
- a preferred tube structure that is an embodiment of the present invention comprises an opaque first layer, a permeable second layer surrounding the first layer, and a permeable third layer surrounding the second layer. And an impermeable fourth layer surrounding the third layer.
- the first and fourth layers are preferably made of a fiber-reinforced thermosetting polymer resin.
- the second layer is preferably made of a circumferentially oriented continuous fiber reinforcement, while the third layer is preferably made of a circumferentially oriented continuous fiber reinforcement. It consists of:
- the fibrous reinforcement in each of the second and third layers contains numerous small cracks, so that the second and third layers are fragile such that they form a permeable annular structure. It is preferable to be embedded in the matrix. .
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view showing a partial cross section of a flanged joint of a pipe.
- FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the same pipe as that of FIG. 1 viewed from the opposite direction and shown in a partial cross-section, and also shows micro cracks formed in the inner layer.
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the microcracks in the part surrounded by the ellipse A in Fig. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a component configuration of a pressurizing device for measuring a change in pipe length.
- Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view showing the connection between the two pipes, the terminal seal, and the mounting position of the leak detection sensor.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-section of a seal ring that works by pressurizing the connection.
- FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section of a joint combining a sloping structure and another type of ring seal.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing two pipes joined and sealed by a joint. However, for ease of illustration, only the outline of each layer is shown schematically.
- FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8, but with a complete cross-section and with the seal ring compressed and fixed in connection.
- FIG. 10 is an isometric view in which the plugs of the coupling and the terminal are developed.
- FIG. 11 is a developed view showing a two-piece forming die for forming a half-cylindrical fitting and a knife for separating the half-fitting.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus for orienting a strand code in a longitudinal direction when a pipe is formed on a mandrel. You.
- FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the above-mentioned strand code on the molding surface of the inclined structure and the half flange.
- Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 13, except that the strand cord is hardened, and the mold for forming the joining flange after trimming and the half-joining fixture are formed. Indicates the position of the mold (Fig. 11).
- FIG. 15 shows a mandrel-supporting mobile platform that includes a removable mandrel axle mount.
- Fig. 16A is a side view of the cured pipe with the flange mold removed and the half-joint mold closed around the joint. .
- Figure 16B is a cross-sectional side view showing the end of the pipe, mounted on the mandrel, with the removable locking pin and shaft mounted on the mandrel. It has become.
- Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the final positions of the forward / backward driven plug and the terminal fixing plug after the pipe has been removed from the mandrel.
- Fig. 18 is the same as Fig. 16B, but shows the position of the follower plug and the start of the second terminal plug.
- FIG. 19 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the assembly of the locking pin and the mandrel shaft removed from the mandrel.
- FIG. 20 is a side view of the assembly of the locking pin and the mandrel shaft as viewed from the end face.
- FIG. 21 shows the warp ribs used for the second layer of pipe, using alternating strands of continuous fiber impregnated with resin and unimpregnated strands.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for making an iron.
- Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for making a warp ribbon for the third layer of pipe.
- Fig. 23 shows no. It is a schematic diagram which shows the order of the work process of the work station used for molding of a set of eves and fittings.
- Preferred embodiments of the present invention fall into one of the eight categories of maximum test pressures shown in Tables 1-2, and the composite duplex shown as pipe 30 (FIG. 1). It has a wall tube structure.
- Tables 1-2 show the two-layered annular structure between the impervious inner layer or liner 38 and the impervious outer layer or canopy 39
- the maximum test pressure shall be at least 2 at the maximum operating pressure, immersed in water at an ambient temperature of less than 150 ° F (65.6 ° C) and assuming a minimum life of 25 years. It was calculated as a double.
- Table 3 is a table of recommended thicknesses of each of four layers constituting a specific example of the pipe of the present invention belonging to the category of pressure shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the test pressures shown in Tables 1 and 2 were measured along the length of the cylindrical half-brace fitting 32 held in the cylindrical connecting sleeve 33 (Fig. 13). It is based on the total value of tensile strength.
- the halves of the coupling sleeve 33 in the coupling assembly can withstand the terminal load applied to the flange 70 of the pipe under internal pressure. This working pressure is calculated by the following equation.
- P is the maximum test pressure (P si) (maximum working pressure, equal to twice the MOP) designed to withstand the pipe
- L is the terminal plug.
- P si maximum test pressure
- L maximum working pressure, equal to twice the MOP
- A is the cross-sectional area (square inch) of the coupling terminal 35 (Fig. 4) with pipe flanges. The area “A” is calculated by the following equation.
- D is no.
- T is Bruno, of 0 Lee Breakfast This is the thickness when the total thickness (four layers) of the pipe wall is more than 0.4 inch (10.16 mm). 'When the total thickness of the tube wall of Eve is less than 0.4 inch (10.16 mm), the cross-sectional area of the joint end is 0.7854 x ⁇ D + 1.5. ) Level equal to 2 .
- the total pipe wall thickness (T) is one of eight thicknesses shown in Table 3.
- the third layer of pipe permeability 36 (Fig. 4) consists of a unidirectional strand aligned in the longitudinal direction, and its thickness (TL) is 30 pipes. Equal to 13 of the total wall thickness of the tube.
- the second layer 37 of the pipe permeability is made of a glass fiber strand aligned in the circumferential direction, and its shared design strength (SC) is 500,000 psi ( 3 4 5MPa).
- the allowable design strength (S L) of the third layer 36 of the pipe is 3500 psi (24.1 MPa).
- This strength depends on the lateral shear strength of the third layer 36 of the pipe or the inner layer 36 'of the flange at the junction. Both layers 36 and 36 'contain strands of woven fibers aligned longitudinally ( Figure 8).
- the double wall composite pipe according to the present invention has an inner diameter (D) of 6.0 inches (15.24 cm).
- D inner diameter
- Type Assuming that the total thickness of the tube wall is 0.4 inch (10.16 mm).
- the area of the coupling end face of the pipes 0. 7 8 5 4 X ( 6 + 1. 5) 2, Chi immediately, 4 4. 1 8 square inches (2 8 5 cm 2), Bruno.
- the thickness (TL) of the third layer 36 of the eve is T / 3, that is, 0.13 inch (3.3 mm). If the allowable design strength of the third layer is 35,0 OO psi and the thickness of the third layer is 0.13 inch (3.3 mm), the circumferential
- the maximum allowable terminal tensile load per 1 inch (25.4 mm) width is 35, 0000 X 0.13, that is, 4,550 lb.
- the total terminal tensile load (L) that the third layer 36 and the pipe fitting can withstand is 4,550 X 3.14 16 X
- the minimum thickness (TC) of the second layer 37 of the pipe is given by: Calculated.
- the circumferential stress of the circumferential reinforcement consisting of the second layer 37 is the circumferential stress of the circumferential reinforcement consisting of the second layer 37.
- HDBS static pressure design standard strength of glass fiber reinforced thermosetting resin, which is a preferred material for 37, 62,000 psi (428MPa) should not be exceeded.
- P is the internal pressure of the pipe (psi)
- D is the inner diameter (inch) of the pipe
- TC is the thickness of the layer 37.
- the recommended maximum test pressure for a 20-inch diameter (50.8 cm) double-walled pipe is 1.0 tube thickness. When the inch (25.4 mm) is reached, it becomes 2.056 psi.
- the maximum circumferential stress applied to the layer 37 having a thickness of 0.4 inch (10.16 mm) can be obtained by the following calculation.
- Materials suitable for forming the impervious inner layer i.e., the first layer 38 and the impervious outer layer, i.e., the fourth layer 39, have less elongation upon tensile fracture. Both consist of 5% woven fabric reinforced thermoplastics.
- layers 38, 37, 36, and 39 are referred to as layers 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to the order in which they are formed from the inner layer to the outer layer. I will do it.
- Elastic resins include vinyl ester and elastic epoxy. It contains a suitable binder resin that is well known to molding engineers of plastics (Corezyn 8520 manufactured by Interplastics), polyurea elastic material, and other composite pipes.
- Each layer of 36 and 37 which constitutes a two-layer permeable ring-shaped structure, is composed of a continuous strand 40 of glass fiber reinforcement and a low-stretch, easily crackable polymer.
- This is matrix 41 (Fig. 21 and Fig. 22).
- Suitable glass fiber reinforcements are commercially available [Fiber Glass Industries (Amsterdam, New York) Flexstrand product code # 220-CO-700 E glass roving: 1 point Length force per end 2 225 yards).
- Suitable matrices include a soluble acid salt having a viscosity of about 100 centivoise and a curable poly (isoestalate) polyester (Ashland Chemical Co. (Columbus, Ohio)).
- Aropol 7240 W Other suitable arrowhead reinforcements and crack-prone matrices recognized by composite pipe molding technicians can also be used.
- Fig. 23 shows the pipe 30 and the cylindrical halving fitting 3 2
- FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of a work station device and process in which a mandrel holding and moving gantry is sequentially fed into the entire process of manufacturing (FIG. 10).
- the mandrel has a diameter of 2 to 6 It is supported and supported on a holding / moving base 43 (Fig. 15) made to fit the mandrel up to the 0 inch.
- the mandrel 42 attached to the holding and moving base first moves to the mandrel preparation work station "A". .
- the cylindrical mandrel surface 44 and the forming surface 45 of the two cylindrical half-joints following the end of the surface 44 are cleaned, inspected and properly demolded. Apply agent.
- the mandrel 42 then moves to the first layer liner molding station "B".
- the mandrel is attached to a mandrel traverse drive 46 for forming the first layer 38.
- the device includes a conventional two-component mixing weighing system (not shown) that handles pre-mixed, fast-curing, semi-flexible polymers.
- the terminal portion of the first layer 36 preferably has an outer diameter of the sealing surface 47, preferably at least at an inner diameter of the third layer 16.
- the molding surface should be expanded radially outward so that it becomes even.
- Fig. 13 is the flange connection end of the pipe, which is located close to the seal surface forming ring 50 (Fig. 13) and has a high-speed hardening matrices.
- the fiber winding is used to align the pipes so that an inclined structure with an inclination angle of about 15 ° can be formed at both ends of the pipe.
- Fig. 7 shows a prefabricated inclined structure 51 (for example, the one used at the left end of pipe 30 in Fig. 1). It can be mounted directly on a mandrel to form a pipe, and can be integrated with the compressible resilient inclined seal 52 (which replaces the seal 77 described later).
- the mandrel attached to the holding / moving gantry is the work station for forming the second layer.
- Fig. 1 shows an apparatus that uses alternately unimpregnated and impregnated continuous fibers to make a drop 55 and a ribbon 55 for filament winding.
- the mandrel is on the filament winder While traveling past the wing matrix coating device, the rib 55 is wrapped around the mandrel until the second layer is of the desired thickness.
- FIGS. 22 and 23 schematically show a device for forming a strand code 59 for placing on the second layer 37 (FIG. 12). Show. The strand code is drawn from the molding unit 60 to a computer-controlled brush 61 and directed to the beginning of the formation of the third layer 36. Fig. 22 further shows the use of unimpregnated fiber strands for impregnating the wine with the combined fibers.
- a schematic diagram of an apparatus 62 called a strand code matrix coater is shown below.
- the strand code forming apparatus 60 having a small resistance is configured by using a strand code obtained by aligning the strand code 59 in the longitudinal direction with the second layer 3. 7 and halves Feed to the traversing strand code drawer used to place it on the mold surface 4 5 ( Figure 12) .
- the starting end 63 of the strand code 59 is tied to the locking pin 64 so that the strand code Are arranged in the length direction on the second layer 37, and sequentially loop around the stop pin while drawing a loop 63 '.
- a layer in the longitudinal direction of the strand code is continuously formed.
- a parallel strand code structural layer is formed which is pulled around the locking pins arranged in a circle facing each other.
- the diameter of each locking pin must be such that the strand cord unloading device can pass through the pin during the formation of the loop and the fixing of the strand.
- the circumferential spacing is about 0.65 inches (16.51 mm) ( Figure 20).
- the mandrel bin implant ring closest to the mandrel drive end 80 Cut the strand cord at the position of the terminal of the end ring 50.
- the end of the strand code which spans the recess 45 of the flange forming mold 65 of the fastener, is impregnated with a matrix-impregnated strand.
- the tape or reinforcement tape into the mold by manual or automatic winding in the circumferential direction.
- annular split (removable) type pipe-coupled flange forming die 69 is attached to the fourth layer.
- One twist strand code impregnated with a resin by a coating device (not shown) is inserted circumferentially between the molding die and the third layer strand 59. Wrap to form a pipe-coupled flange 70 ( Figure 1).
- Fig. 23 following the winding of the pipe-coupled flange material and the mounting of the respective molds, either the mounting on the holding and moving stand or the mandrel 42 is cured. Move to Yon "F" and enter the matrix curing unit.
- the various matrix materials that make up the composite pipe harden. After the pipe and coupling matrix material has hardened, move the mandrel 42 attached to the holding and moving platform to the pipe release work station "G". You. At this time, the flange molding die 69 is removed, and the end face of the third layer 36 of the pipe is formed so as to be flush with the sealing face 47 of the pipe. Next, the strand code constituting the layer 36 is cut and trimmed.
- FIG. 16A shows the flanged end of the hardened pipe on the drive end 80 side of the mandrel 42, and the specified end before disassembly and removal of the halving fastener.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a molding die 67 of the coupling tool in a state where it is attached to a position and tightened.
- FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view showing the attachment of the locking pin and the mandrel shaft 66 to the end of the mandrel opposite the drive shaft. Supporting device for removing and securing the mandrel Turn the mandrel shaft bolt 72 while supporting it with a (not shown), and remove the mandrel shaft 66 from the mandrel 42.
- the first terminal plug 34 (Fig. 18) with rubber driven plug 76 is a complete set of fasteners
- This set of fittings comprises a compressible elastic seal ring 77, a half-fitting fitting 32, and a retaining sleeve 33 surrounding the fitting.
- a suitable pipe release liquid for example, water
- the pipe is pressed into the annular cavity 34 b surrounded by the terminal plug 34 and the pipe is separated from the mandrel.
- the plug 34 moves to the right in Fig. 18 so as to pull out the nozzle from the mandrel card, while it is driven
- the plug runs along the inside of the pipe. Move to the left to the position shown in Fig. 17 away from the mandrel.
- a passage 34a ' is provided in the terminal plug 34' so that air can flow out. No ,. Eve
- the pipe is supported by two movable holding frames 74 (Fig. 23).
- Figure 17 shows the final position of the driven plug 76.
- the pipe released from the pipe and held by the pipe holding base 74 is the work station “I” for the final processing of the pipe 30. Go to.
- the pipe is pressurized using the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 in the following manner, and the second layer 3 constituting the annular structure 31 is formed.
- a number of longitudinal and circumferential microcracks are intentionally created.
- the operation includes making the annular structure 31 transparent.
- the pipe 30 is first placed on the “low friction” support roller 79.
- the released pipes are mechanically connected to the pipe flanges by driven plugs 76 (located in the position shown in Fig. I7) by a set of fittings 68 respectively.
- the mold release liquid remains filled between the sealed terminal plugs 34 and 34 '.
- a small number of dial gauges 81 calibrated to measure the change in pipe length "L" in increments of less than 0.010 inch (0.0254 mm) Both are mounted on opposite ends of a pressurized pipe.
- the pipe is pressurized with the hydraulic pump system 82, the pressure gauge 83 is read frequently, and the pressurization rate is increased to approximately 1 O psi / min.
- the change shown in the dial gauge kept at (P a) is It is an accurate measure of the change in length (L).
- the change in pipe length is preferably measured at least every 10 minutes, and the longitudinal distortion (s) is determined by the following equation.
- d L is the change in length obtained as the average of the readings of the two pairs of dial gauges over a 10-minute interval
- L is the pair of dial gauges.
- the strain rate (sZT, inch inches / min) is the ratio of the strain (s) after a predetermined time (T) to the time.
- Hydraulic pumping system 82 has a double-walled pipe pressurized at a rate of 0% as the maximum average strain rate as measured over a period of 30 minutes or more. Control so that the value does not exceed 0. 0 0 0 1 1 (inch Z inch length, mm / mm Z minute).
- the second layer 37 and the third layer 36 constituting the annular structure 31 include the circumferential strand of the second layer 37 and the third layer 3. Tensile strength of the brittle matrix that bonds the longitudinal strands together.
- Figure 3 is a typical cross-sectional view of the pipe body, showing the microcracks making the annular layer 31 permeable.
- the pressure gauge 83 indicates that the pipe pressure has reached the maximum test pressure (Tables 1-2), the double-walled composite material pipe shown in Figures 1 and 2 is shown. 30 production completed It is done.
- this pipe Due to the permeable hiding structure of the second layer 37 and the third layer 36, this pipe has a wide range of operating pressures (for example, 10 000 to 2000 OOO psi is between 69 and 140 MPa.) Not only burrs, but also shocks applied during use of the eve (static water pressure shock ("water nose") It also has resistance to high strain rate stresses such as “ The permeable annular structure further has a function of preventing liquid leakage caused by the destruction of the first layer 38. .
- Fig. 6 shows the connection of two pipes connected in a longitudinal direction to the adjacent ends, and Fig. 6 has seal end faces 77 'on both sides to seal the pipe with the seal face of each pipe.
- the figure shows a cross section of a compressible seal ring 77 divided into two parts. Along the periphery of the seal ring, there is formed an annular groove 85 to be fitted with an annular holding flange 86 formed on the inner surface of the half-joint 32. .
- FIGS 8 and 9 show that, in that order, the connecting flanges of the pipes can be compressed as the sealing faces 47 approach each other by fitting the halves into the fittings. It is shown that a large sealing ring 88 is compressed to approximately 90% of its original width. No ,. Eve sealing surface 4 7 and no.
- the outer diameter (0 D, unit is inch) of EvFlange 70 is determined by the following formula.
- ⁇ D D + 1.5 + 2 x (T-0.4) inch
- D is the inside diameter of the pipe
- T is the total wall thickness.
- the seal surface of the eve and the outer diameter of the flange are equal to the following formula.
- the stiffness of pipe 30 (measured in tensile modulus in the longitudinal direction) is from 3,500,000 psi (240,000) to 26,0 psi when internal pressure is applied. It also increases to 0,000 psi (176 GPa). To demonstrate this unique feature, the total wall thickness is equal to 0.4 inches (10.16 mm). Pipes 20 feet (6 m) in length were made according to the method outlined above. The total elongation of the pipe, measured during pressurization to 100,000 psi (69 MPa) after manufacture, is 0.3 in (7.6 mm), which is long. 0.0 1 2 5 inch Z-inch (mm Zmm) distortion in the direction Equivalent to The longitudinal load applied to the end of the pipe under internal pressure is 96,000 lb (43,700 kg)
- the cross-sectional area of the annular structure consisting of the second layer and the third layer 36 that supports the terminal load is approximately 3.0 square inches (19.3 cm 2 ).
- the longitudinal stress that the annular structure bears is about 32,000 psi (320 MPa).
- the effective tensile modulus in the length direction is obtained by dividing the stress in the length direction by the strain in the length direction.
- the values 25, 600, 00 Osi (177 GPa) are close to the tensile elastic modulus of steel (30, 00, OOO psi), and the magnitude is It is about 7 times larger than glass fiber reinforced thermoset resin material by ordinary filament winding.
- this favorable property of high elastic modulus reduces the total elongation of the pipe and reduces the compression seal on the pipe seal surface 47.
- the maximum elongation of the pipe can be adjusted by the pipe to eliminate the need for an inflatable loop in long pipe pipelines.
- the lengthwise elastic modulus obtained by pressurization which is characterized by a pipe made under pressure according to the theory of the present invention and under pressure, is explained as follows. Cracks uniformly in the matrix between the longitudinal strand code and the circumferential arrowhead strand (microcracks 78 and 78 ', (Fig. 3), the force to increase the diameter of the second layer 37 of the pipe and the diameter of the third layer 36 of the pipe also increase. Attempt to increase. Radial forces trying to increase the diameter of the third layer also act to shorten the length of the third layer C, reducing longitudinal distortion.
- the load applied to both ends of the third layer 36 compresses the second layer 37 underneath and attempts to reduce the diameter.
- the longitudinal strand 59 forming the third layer 36 with the load applied to both ends becomes the circumferential strand 59 forming the second layer 37. Try to reduce the distortion of the code.
- the high tensile modulus shown in the second layer makes the inside diameter of the pipe constant and dimensionally constant over a wide range of internal pressures. (Manufacture of aligned ribbon 55 for winding)
- the clean 53 supports a package 88 for taking in the continuous fiber from which the strand 40 is taken out.
- the crysole 53 is located between the creel and the rotating mandrel 42, the filament winding coil.
- it is positioned to supply a strand.
- the opening for intake and the cage of the bing 88 have an inner diameter of about 6 inches (15 cm), an outer diameter of 11 inches (28 cm), and a height of 10.5 inches.
- the number of filaments per mouth is about 2,000 per strand, and the diameter of the filaments is 24 ⁇ m (0.00.009). 5 inches).
- the cross-sectional area of one unimpregnated glass strand is 0.0014 in square inch (0.914 mm 2 ).
- Each filament is manufactured in E-Glass, and is used to provide a bond between the matrix and the glass fiber surface. -Coating) Coated with a coupling agent.
- the volume ratio of the glass fiber to the resin matrix is determined by the cross-sectional area of the resin matrix even if the cross-sectional area of the resin-impregnated strand, 1Z3, is small. It is desirable to set it to 2 so that it is equal to.
- Average cross-sectional area of impregnated strand 56 when impregnated with desired amount of filament winding matrix resin 41 Is 0.022 square inches (1.42 mm 2 ).
- a single impregnated strand can support a high load of 2775 lb (125 k) before breaking. I can do it.
- This rupture strength is almost twice the strength of the hydrostatic pressure reference design (HDBS) 62,00 Opsi (428 MPa) in ASTMD 2992A.
- the filament-winding matrix resin has an viscosity of approximately 350 centimeters and contains approximately 45% by weight of styrene monomer. Talic acid polyester resin.
- the minimum time that the fiber strand will stay in the matrix overnight is about 1 Z 2 Seconds.
- This impregnation efficiency is at least 9 inches (23 cm) deep in the matrix of the coater tank and the speed of the strand passing through the coater Is obtained below 36 inches per second (91 cm).
- the total thickness of the pipe wall is 0.2 inch (5 mm).
- the thickness of the filament winding layer of the second layer 37 needs to be 0.1 inch (2.5 mm). This lamination thickness is obtained by filament winding a four-inch wide ribbon five times on the mandrel.
- the mandrel can be used for the matrix-impregnated ribbon supply device. With a single wrap, the total thickness of the filament winding layer can be adjusted.
- the effective winding length of the mandrel is 20 feet (6 m), and the effective winding width of the ribbon is 0.8 inches (2 cm). Assuming that if the rotation speed of the mandrel is 120 rPm, the mandrel holding / moving pedestal 43 will move at a speed of 1. You must traverse at a speed of 6 inches (4 cm). Excluding the 4-inch length adjacent to the end ring at the front and rear ends of the mandrel, the required 0.1-inch (about 3 minutes) to the mandrel is approximately 3 minutes. It can be used for filament winding with thickness of 2.54mm).
- Each strand 40 is initially led to the strand guides 89 and 90 attached to the clinium, and the stationary matrix coater tank 9 2 is guided to an unimpregnated strand guide comb 91 which is positioned horizontally above.
- the strands guided by the unimpregnated strand guide combs alternately with the matrix impregnating bar installed at the bottom of the matrix mixer. It is drawn under 3. It is then pulled out of the bath and the impregnated strand is placed above the liquid matrix 41 and in front of the impregnation bar. , And further between a pair of horizontal squeeze bars 95 to be guided under a strand set unit 96.
- the other half of the unimpregnated strand guided to the unimpregnated strand guide comb traverses over the ko-evening at the same time as the above-mentioned strand impregnation, It is led directly between the horizontal squeeze bars 95, where it comes into contact with the impregnated fiber strand 56 and, due to its capillary properties, is transported to the impregnated arrowhead strand.
- the impregnated fiber strand, together with the fiber strand 57 containing the resin as described above, comes out of the squeeze bar and is aligned without resin dripping.
- the aligned ribbon is an arrowhead strand assembly that controls the width of the filament winding ribbon wrapped around the mandrel.
- the thickness of the third layer 36 is 0.1 inch (2.5 mm), that is, 13 of the total thickness of the pipe wall. 6 inches (15.2 cm) in diameter.
- the number (N) of locking pins 64 used in the pin ring 64 of the eve is calculated by the following equation.
- the third layer 36 is formed by a group of substantially parallel strand cord loops disposed on the second layer.
- Each strand The code consists of a number of continuous glass fiber strands, each of which is secured to one of the locking pins, as shown in Figure 12. It has been done. This continuous strand code is formed using a glass mouth with a count of 22 yards (205.74 m) per pin.
- the traversing strand code brassier is looped around the mandrel between the stop pins by a loop.
- the total number of strands (NP) was calculated by the following equation.
- AS is the cross-sectional area of each individual row, and “AL” is oriented in the longitudinal direction, and the fiber strand constituting the third layer 36 is cut. Area.
- the value of "AL” is obtained by the following equation.
- a L 3 .1 4 16 X (D + 2 T I + 2 T C + T L)
- TI is the thickness of the first layer
- TC is the thickness of the second layer 37
- TL is the thickness of the third layer 36.
- each of the impregnated strands is 0.02 square inches (1 inch per strand using a strand of 225 yards). 4 2 mm 2 ).
- the total number of strands (NP) composing the third layer was 918 as calculated by the following equation.
- the number of strand cords forming the third layer is equal to twice the number of strand cords (one side).
- the number of continuous strand rovings (NS) that make up each strand cord loop is calculated as follows, and the number of strand cords is calculated as follows: The number of hits was 12.2.75.
- the cryll 53 is connected to the adjacent strand code matrix connector 62 by a strand. It is possible to hold at least 13 in-box roving packages 88 for supplying material.
- the residence time of the fiber strands constituting the strand code 63 in the matrix coater tank is 1 Z 4 seconds. It is. This dwell time is at least 9 inches (23 cm) in the depth of the matrix in the tank and the speed of the strand passing through the tank is limited. Equipment less than 7 inches per second (182 cm) was specified.
- the unimpregnated fiber strand 40 is drawn out of the 13 strand take-in strand supply packages 88 held by the cryll 53. Each strand passes through the strand guides 8, 9, and 90 located at the top of each strand supply package, and Strand matricsco located on the side from which the shaft of the drill is removed Through the horizontal annular strand assembly ring 97 installed at the top of the tank Supplied. The collected unimpregnated fiber strands are then sent to the matrix tank, which is located horizontally near the bottom of the matrix tank. Guided below rotatable impregnation bar 98. The fiber strand impregnated with the resin is further led to a strand code forming apparatus 60 through an adjusting roller apparatus 99.
- the devices 60 are arranged at right angles to each other and define a low-friction, strand-formed outlet 60 ′. It is preferred that it is composed of two pairs of isometric and parallel rotatable rods.
- the outlet has a cross-sectional area of 0.0286 sq. Inch (18.lmm 2 ), and 13 impregnated fibers constituting the strand code 59 Equal to the total cross-sectional area of the strand. To obtain this cross-sectional area of the strand code, the spacing between each pair of rotating bars is set to 0.169 inch (4.3 mm). ing. .
- the strand code 59 is connected to the locking pins 64 attached to the pin rings 64 ′ at both ends of the mandrel.
- the code forming window should be moved so that it can move periodically between the two highest positions.
- the nitka, and the strand code bow that traverses in the axial direction are supplied between the pulleys of the extraction unit 61.
- the distal end 63 of the strand code 59 is connected to the strand code forming unit 60 by the strand code emitted from the bow I.
- the loop of the strand code becomes continuous. And the pipe is completed as described above.
- the outside diameter of the coupling flange 70 is at least within the pipe 30 It is preferable that the pipe is approximately 1.46 inches (37.1 mm) larger than the diameter, and the total pipe wall thickness is approximately 0.1 to 0.4 inches (2. It is preferably in the range of 54 to 10 I 2 mm).
- the outer diameter of the flange is measured by adding the amount "DE” to the inner diameter (ID) of the pipe. It is preferable that what is added be roughly equivalent.
- "DE” is equal to 1.46 inches plus twice the amount (T-0.4) inches, as expressed by the following equation:
- the total thickness of the pipe wall of the pipe is set to a value to be divided by 0.05 inch (1.27 mm), and is set to 0.05 to 1.0 inch (1.0 mm). 27-25.4 mm).
- the thickness of the third layer 36 is at least approximately one-third of the pipe wall.
- the end points of the third layer 36 and the fourth layer 39 are preferably provided with a ring-shaped connecting flange 70 at least at one end of the pipe.
- the thickness (TC) of the second layer 37 expressed in inches is determined by the following equation.
- P is the maximum test pressure (psi)
- ID is the inside diameter (inch) of the pipe
- SC is the maximum second layer pressure. It is the allowable tensile strength.
- the maximum pipe test pressure is governed by the thickness (T L) of the third layer 36 and is determined by the following equation.
- A square inch is the cross-sectional area of the pipe flange 70 according to the following equation.
- 0DF is the outer diameter of the pipe flange.
- EL is the maximum endurable load (Pond) of the third layer connected to the pipe flange.
- the maximum terminal load measured at the pon is determined by the following equation.
- TL is the thickness (inch) of the third layer
- DL is the diameter of the third layer
- SL is the lateral shear strength (psi) of the third layer.
- the maximum design tensile strength of the second layer 37 is at least about 50,000 psi (345 MPa).
- the maximum design transverse shear strength of the third layer 36 is preferably at least about 35,000 psi (24.1 MPa).
- "DL" is determined by the following equation.
- the axial thickness of the seal ring 77 in its uncompressed state for many conceivable applications, the seal thickness Approximately 1 inch (25.4 mm). Also, the outer diameter of the seal ring is at least approximately equal to the inner diameter of the fitting.
- the axial spacing (CD) of the bottom of the coupling flange is determined by the following equation. .
- CW is the thickness of the sealing ring compressed in contact with the sealing surface
- FL is the base force of the pipe flange. Measured. Equal to the length of EveFlange 70.
- the compressed thickness of the sealing ring between the sealing surfaces of adjacent pipes is in the range of 60 to 90% of the uncompressed sealing ring thickness Will enter.
- the outer diameter of the coupling consisting of the half cylinder 32 should be smaller than the inner diameter of the holding sleeve 33 by 0.01 to 0.04 inch (0.25 to 1 mm). Almost.
- the holding sleeve 33 is composed of a first layer consisting of an inner layer of arrowhead reinforcement reinforced with a continuous fiber impregnated with a hardening liquid polymer, and a thermosetting resin matrix. And a second layer in which a fiber reinforced material impregnated with the steel is oriented in the circumferential direction.
- the thickness of the first layer is approximately in the range of 0.2 to 0.10 inches (0.5 to 2.5 mm), and the thickness of the second layer is 0.2 to 1.0 inches (5 to 2 inches). 5.4 mm).
- the fiber reinforced material that composes each layer is a continuous glass fiber roving, with a count of 50 to 65 yards per pound (45.7 to 594 m). However, a single fiber diameter of 10 25 micron would be used.
- the present invention is particularly useful for pipeline systems for transporting liquids
- the double-walled composite structures, manufacturing equipment and methods are particularly useful for storage tanks and architectural structures. It can be applied to such other composite structures.
- the pipeline is buoyant in water and can be anchored to the sea floor by a suitable retention system. Unlike steel, glass fiber reinforced resin that constitutes the pipeline system is contracted. Resistant to erosion by salt and salt.
- the mechanical coupling system that connects the adjacent pipes has better sealability and expected operating life than welded steel vibes. '
- a hole 100 can be drilled in the radial direction.
- a standard leak detector 101 can be attached to the hole 1000 in order to detect leakage of liquid generated from the hole 102 or the like. Leak detectors are especially useful for pipe systems that transport highly toxic fluids.
- a resilient and flexible boot 103 can be used to cover and seal the assembled coupling 68. The boot can be secured to the outer layer 39 on both sides of the fitting by any suitable method such as gluing. Table 1 Total wall thickness
- JJ3J of the pipe wall is a transparent annular layer ⁇ 3 ⁇ 423 ⁇ 431 soil Total thickness 1st layer 4th layer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9304374A BR9304374A (pt) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-02-26 | Tubo composto de parede dupla e conjunto de estrutura de acoplamento e método e aparelho para fazer o mesmo |
AU35753/93A AU671619B2 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-02-26 | Double-walled construction of composite material tube, method for manufacturing the same, and device therefor |
NO933835A NO933835L (no) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-10-25 | Dobbeltvegget komposittroer og sammenkoplingsenhet samt fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av dette |
FI934703A FI934703A (fi) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-10-25 | Dubbelvaeggigt kompositroer och kopplingsstruktur samt foerfarande och anordning foer framstaellning av dessa |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/838,463 US5222769A (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Double-wall composite pipe and coupling structure assembly |
US07/838,463 | 1992-02-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993017267A1 true WO1993017267A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
Family
ID=25277143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1993/000247 WO1993017267A1 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-02-26 | Double-walled construction of composite material tube, method for manufacturing the same, and device therefor |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5222769A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0585465A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH06293092A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1071875C (ja) |
AU (3) | AU671619B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9304374A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2109300A1 (ja) |
FI (1) | FI934703A (ja) |
MX (1) | MX9301092A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO933835L (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1993017267A1 (ja) |
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US4888247A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1989-12-19 | General Electric Company | Low-thermal-expansion, heat conducting laminates having layers of metal and reinforced polymer matrix composite |
US4820567A (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1989-04-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Microcrack resistant fiber reinforced resin matrix composite laminates |
US4917938A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1990-04-17 | Edo Corporation | Fiber reinforced article capable of revealing damage due to surface impacts and method of making same |
US4874661A (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-10-17 | Browne James M | Impact enhanced prepregs and formulations |
US4957801A (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1990-09-18 | American Cyanamid Company | Advance composites with thermoplastic particles at the interface between layers |
-
1992
- 1992-02-26 US US07/838,463 patent/US5222769A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-02-25 JP JP5036559A patent/JPH06293092A/ja active Pending
- 1993-02-26 CN CN93103668.2A patent/CN1071875C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-26 EP EP19930904362 patent/EP0585465A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-02-26 MX MX9301092A patent/MX9301092A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-26 AU AU35753/93A patent/AU671619B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-02-26 CA CA002109300A patent/CA2109300A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-02-26 BR BR9304374A patent/BR9304374A/pt unknown
- 1993-02-26 WO PCT/JP1993/000247 patent/WO1993017267A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-10-25 FI FI934703A patent/FI934703A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-10-25 NO NO933835A patent/NO933835L/no unknown
-
1996
- 1996-07-23 AU AU60629/96A patent/AU6062996A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-23 AU AU60630/96A patent/AU6063096A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51124821A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-10-30 | Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat | Hose structure |
JPS5755959B2 (ja) * | 1978-08-31 | 1982-11-26 | ||
JPS6333934U (ja) * | 1986-08-22 | 1988-03-04 | ||
JPS63128381U (ja) * | 1987-02-16 | 1988-08-22 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108454078A (zh) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-08-28 | 关清英 | 一种玻璃钢的缠绕成型方法 |
CN113732958A (zh) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-03 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | 一种分段预装管子封口清洁保护装置及其使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9304374A (pt) | 1994-08-02 |
NO933835D0 (no) | 1993-10-25 |
EP0585465A4 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
CA2109300A1 (en) | 1993-08-27 |
AU6062996A (en) | 1996-10-17 |
AU671619B2 (en) | 1996-09-05 |
JPH06293092A (ja) | 1994-10-21 |
EP0585465A1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
NO933835L (no) | 1993-12-23 |
CN1104310A (zh) | 1995-06-28 |
FI934703A (fi) | 1993-12-22 |
AU6063096A (en) | 1996-10-17 |
FI934703A0 (fi) | 1993-10-25 |
AU3575393A (en) | 1993-09-13 |
CN1071875C (zh) | 2001-09-26 |
MX9301092A (es) | 1993-11-01 |
US5222769A (en) | 1993-06-29 |
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