Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
  • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
  • A62B17/04—Hoods

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hood for protection against smoke and hypoxia which can be used more particularly for the protection of personnel flying in aircraft, comprising a waterproof envelope forming a helmet covering the wearer's head and, in its lower part, means for waterproofness connecting the hood to the wearer's neck.
• the absorption of carbon dioxide is done, by means of an absorbent of the soda lime, lithine, molecular sieve type etc.
• the absorption efficiency depends on the one hand on the absorbent product and on the other hand on the good circulation, through the bed of absorbent material, of the gases contained in the respiratory enclosure inside the hood.
• the protective hoods currently known are of two types, namely either of the static type or of the mechanical type.
• the absorption of carbon dioxide is done only by the movement of the gas inside the hood and to be able to obtain a good efficiency of this absorption, the surface and the basket of absorbent material quickly become unacceptable for application in the aeronautical field.
• the gases are circulated through an absorbent bed either by means of a mechanical fan powered by a battery, either by means of a jector using, for example, the expansion energy of the oxygen source.
• the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a protective hood of particularly simple design, compact, light, guaranteeing a long service life, being able to offer the oxygen necessary for human consumption for a fairly long period of time and allowing to obtain a very high efficiency for trapping carbon dioxide.
• the protective hood according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises, at its base and inside the waterproof envelope, a closed tube surrounding the wearer's neck and containing an oxygen reserve under pressure and means to cause aut ⁇ natique ent, during the donning of the hood, the communication of the interior of this tube with the interior of the waterproof envelope so as to ensure an automatic supply of the wearer of the oxygen hood.
• the tube containing the oxygen under pressure advantageously comprises two separate compartments, preferably in series, making it possible to obtain an oxygen supply with two different flow rates, namely a high initial flow rate in order to obtain rapid inflation. hood then a lower flow rate corresponding to normal oxygen awareness by the wearer.
• the hood c ⁇ prend a second flexible external envelope, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges, in a sealed manner, to the first envelope and the wall of the first sealed envelope is interrupted in at least one place to delimit, in this wall, an opening across which is disposed a product absorbing carbon dioxide and / or water.
• Figure 1 is an elevational view, partially in vertical section, of a protective hood according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line II-II of Figure 1.
• FIG. 3 is an enlarged axial section view, on a larger scale, of the closed tube constituting the reserve of oxygen under pressure.
• Figure 4 is an elevational view, partially in vertical section, of an alternative embodiment of the protective hood according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a plan view, partially broken away of the protective hood of FIG. 4.
• Figure 6 is a partially sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a detail of the hood of FIG. 6.
• FIG. 8 is a side view of the device of FIG. 7.
• the protective hood which is represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises an envelope 1 made of waterproof material, preferably elastic, forming a kind of helmet covering the wearer's head and which in its front part comprises a transparent part 2 forming a visor ensuring vision outside, if the envelope 2 is not itself made of transparent material.
• This sealed envelope 1 is secured, at its lower part, to a tube 3, in the form of a split ring surrounding the wearer's neck and constituting a reserve of oxygen.
• This tube 3 is integral, at its lower part, with a flexible and elastic sheet 4, for example made of rubber, which extends horizontally.
• This sheet 4, which is tangent to the tube 3, is pierced, in its central part, with a hole 5 to allow the passage of the head of the wearer of the hood through this hole.
• the tube 3 may have, in plan view, any suitable curved shape allowing it to surround the carrying neck. It may in particular be circular or have a substantially oval shape as shown in FIG. 2.
• the tube 3 is closed, at its two ends, by front and transverse walls 6 and 7 which are arranged in the rear part of the hood, at a certain distance, facing one another.
• the tube 3 is advantageously subdivided, by a transverse wall 8 pierced with a calibrated hole or a capillary 9, into two cc ⁇ partiments 3a and 3b. These two cc ⁇ partiments are filled with oxygen under pressure, for example 150 da N / cm2.
• the cxmpartiment 3a which is delimited between the transverse partition 8 and the front face 6, can communicate with the outside through a calibrated or capillary hole 10 which is drilled in the front wall 6 and which ccm ⁇ unique with a hollow end 11 forming a stopper closure, fixed by welding or by any other suitable means on the front face 6.
• This end piece 11, of small dimensions, is arranged so that it can be broken very easily by a percussion device 12 actuated automatically during the introduction of the head inside the hood.
• This percussion device may be constituted, for example, by a lever pivotally mounted on the tube 3 around an axis 13, one branch of which extends towards the inside of the hood, so as to be able to be repelled by the head of the person donning the hood, and a smaller branch acting on the tip 11 to cause the rupture thereof.
• the calibrated or capillary hole 10 has a diameter large enough to ensure a relatively high flow rate, namely around 0.06 l / min bar, which makes it possible to quickly inflate the hood when it is put in place. This flow rate which is greater than 0.03 1 / min bar is however sufficiently low
• the capillary or calibrated hole 9 provided in the transverse wall 8 takes over and the capacity constituted by the cc ⁇ partiment 3b is emptied slowly to ensure the flow necessary for the conscrrmation of oxygen, ie at sculptureni ⁇ um 1.51 / min.
• the front wall 7 which is opposite to the front wall 6 carrying the eirfaout 11, has a part central hollow 14 in the bottom of which protrudes a capillary tube 15 emerging inside the cxxrparti ent 3b.
• This capillary tube is extended outside by forming a helix 16 whose ectranality is closed.
• This propeller 16 which is axially deformable as a function of the pressure prevailing inside the tube 3, can therefore constitute a pressure gauge indicating the residual pressure inside the tube.
• the sealed envelope 1 comprises a posterior part which is more flexible than the rest of the envelope, in order to constitute a sort of inflatable "lung".
• the envelope 1 also contains inside a device ensuring the trapping of carbon dioxide.
• This device may be constituted, for example, by grains of soda lime which permanently rids the gases of exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide, by absorption of the latter.
• the wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.
• the hood preferably has the shape of a balaclava as shown in the drawing.
• the protective hood comprises a second flexible external envelope 18, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges 19, 20 in a manner waterproof, to the first envelope 1. This fixing can be carried out by exe ⁇ ple by welding.
• the sealed weld on the edge 19 extends along the visor 2 and is connected to the lower sealed weld 20 which extends horizontally, in the upper horizontal plane tangent to the tube 3.
• the wall of the internal sealed envelope 1 is interrupted in at least one place, for example in the lower part of the rear wall 1a, to delimit in this wall an opening 21 across which is disposed a mattress 22 of porous material such than metal grid or fiberglass mesh.
• a mattress 22 of porous material such than metal grid or fiberglass mesh.
• porous material is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and possibly water.
• the internal envelope 1 and the external envelope 18 which has a larger surface than the part of the internal envelope 1 which it covers, thus delimit between them two cc ⁇ partiments namely a ⁇ xr_partiment internal 23 in which is housed the head of the wearer and an external ccnçiartient 24 of variable volume and in a way forming a "lung".
• the gases pass continuously, during the breathing of the hood wearer, alternately in one direction and in the other, between the two cc ⁇ partiinents 23 and 24, crossing the bed of absorbent material contained in the porous mattress 22.
• the gases pass from the internal compartment 23 to the external compartment 24, and during the inspiration the gas circulation takes place in the opposite direction.
• the gases permanently get rid of the exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide.
• the wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.
• FIG. 6 represents a view, partially in section, of an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the invention.
• Envelopes 1 and 18 are made of polyester coated on both sides with flame retardant PVC.
• the total volume of the hood is 17 liters, including 7 liters for the volume 23 of the head and 10 liters for the volume 24 of the "lung".
• the reference 121 indicates a cartridge of soda lime 22 held in a housing closed by a fine mesh and coated with a protective plate 122 provided with a system of lateral openings to allow the passage of air from the head volume 23 in the lung 24, through the soda lime 22 which rids the air of its excess of water and carbon dioxide.
• the volumes 23 and 24 are sealed relative to each other and the air circulation is necessarily effected by the soda lime cartridges (two in number in this example).
• the lever 12, which has the shape of a pallet, is placed above the opening 5.
• the system for opening the oxygen capacity 3, which here has only one volume, is shown in FIG. 7.
• the hollow end piece 11 is secured to a cylindrical cap 108 whose internal side wall 100 carries, at its base, pins 107 cooperating with the annular groove 106 carried by the front wall 6.
• the lever 12 is secured to said wall 100
• the hollow e ⁇ b ⁇ ut 11 has a circular groove 103.
• the rotation of the pallet 12 causes the rotation of the cylindrical cap 108 around the axis Yi, which generates the rupture of the hollow end piece 11 at the level of the groove 103, the axis XX of said e ⁇ faout being parallel to YY but distant from it.
• the oxygen present in the tank 3 comprising only one cc ⁇ partiirs is therefore released via the nozzle 10, the housing 101 and then the pipe 102.
• the nozzle 10 has a diameter of 6/100 ⁇ m releasing 40 liters of oxygen stored at 150 bars in the tank 3.
• the autonomy of such a hood is about 15 minutes.
• FIG. 8 shows a side view of the device of Figure 7.
• This part 109 has a semi-circular surface whose diameter passes through the YY axis. It c ⁇ porte under this axis (in the figure) a semi-circular notch 110 of diameter identical to that of the part 11 in which it comes to rest when the lever 12 is in the rest position.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9319734

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (31)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 1985
  • 1985-05-31 FR FR8508208A patent/FR2582524B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1986
  • 1986-05-28 WO PCT/FR1986/000179 patent/WO1986006971A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1986-05-28 DE DE8686903410T patent/DE3673132D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-05-28 JP JP61502940A patent/JPH0720496B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-05-28 EP EP86903410A patent/EP0223808B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-05-30 ES ES555517A patent/ES8704743A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1986-05-30 CA CA000510479A patent/CA1296236C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1987
  • 1987-04-20 US US07/040,157 patent/US4889113A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (3)

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