US5463447A - Device for removing a toner from a toner image carrier - Google Patents

Device for removing a toner from a toner image carrier Download PDF

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Publication number
US5463447A
US5463447A US08/117,289 US11728993A US5463447A US 5463447 A US5463447 A US 5463447A US 11728993 A US11728993 A US 11728993A US 5463447 A US5463447 A US 5463447A
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United States
Prior art keywords
toner image
carrier sheet
image carrier
toner
removing member
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US08/117,289
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English (en)
Inventor
Tsuneo Kurotori
Katsuhiro Echigo
Mitsuaki Urakawa
Hisamitsu Mizuno
Kunio Hibi
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Assigned to RICOH COMPANY, LTD. reassignment RICOH COMPANY, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ECHIGO, KATSUHIRO, HIBI, KUNIO, KUROTORI, TSUNEO, MIZUNO, HISAMITSU, URAKAWA, MITSUAKI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a copier, facsimile machine, printer or similar image forming apparatus of the type forming a toner image on a sheet or similar toner image carrier. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with a device for removing only a toner forming the toner image from the toner image carrier to allow the carrier to be repetitively used.
  • a copier for example, has been implemented by various image forming processes in the past, e.g., a diazo process and a silver halide process.
  • an electrophotographic copier capable of forming images on plain paper sheets i.e., plain paper copier (PPC) is predominant over the others.
  • PPC plain paper copier
  • technologies for producing a great amount of copies at high speed and producing high quality copies have been developed.
  • peripheral equipment are available which are easy to operate and can readily produce a great amount of copies. While such a situation allows many persons to share the same information through the copies, new informations are generated at all times, copied, and discarded. The result is the consumption of a huge amount of papers.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a device capable of removing only a toner forming a toner image from a toner image carrier produced from an Image forming apparatus, thereby erasing the toner image.
  • a toner image removing member in a device for removing a toner constituting a toner image formed on a toner image carrier by a predetermined image forming method, carries a liquid having a predetermined characteristic on the surface thereof and has the surface moved relative to the surface of the toner image carrier carrying the toner image at a position where the toner image removing member is capable of supplying the liquid to the surface of the toner image carrier.
  • a device for removing a toner constituting a toner image formed on a toner image carrier by a predetermined image forming method comprises a toner image removing member movable relative to the surface of the toner image carrier carrying the toner image, and carrying a liquid having a predetermined characteristic and to be supplied to the surface of the toner image carrier, and a liquid supply member for supplying the liquid to the surface of the toner image removing member.
  • FIG. 1 is a section of a copier implemented with a toner removing device embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an fragmentary enlarged section of the copier
  • FIG. 3 is a section of of the toner removing device included in the copier.
  • an image forming apparatus to which a toner removing device embodying the present invention is applied is shown and implemented as an electrophotographic copier using a liquid developer.
  • the copier has an image carrier in the form of a photoconductive drum 1.
  • the drum 1 is rotated by a drive source, not shown, in a direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 2.
  • a main charger 2 uniformly charges the surface of the drum 1 being rotated.
  • a lamp 3a illuminates a document, not shown, the resulting reflection from the document is focused onto the charged surface of the drum 1 via a mirror 3b, a lens 3 and so forth which constitute an exposing device together with the lamp 3a.
  • a latent image is electrostatically formed on the drum 1.
  • An eraser 4 dissipates the charge of the drum 1 outside of the image forming area.
  • a developing unit 5 develops the latent image with a liquid developer stored therein to form a corresponding toner image on the drum 1.
  • a recording medium e.g., a sheet is fed from a cassette 6a by a sheet feeding device 6 toward a register roller 7.
  • the register roller 7 drives the sheet toward the drum 1 at a predetermining timing.
  • a transfer charger 8 transfers the toner image from the drum 1 to the sheet when it is adjacent the drum 1.
  • the sheet carrying the toner image thereon is separated from the drum 1 by a separation roller 9 and then transported to a fixing unit 11 to have the toner image fixed thereon.
  • the sheet is subjected to predetermined processing in a finisher 12 and then driven out to a tray 12a.
  • a cleaning unit 13 removes the toner remaining on the drum 1, and then a discharge lamp 14 dissipates the charge also remaining on the drum 1. This prepares the drum 1 for the next copying cycle.
  • the developing unit 5 has a casing 51 accommodating a first and a second developing roller 52 and 53 and a squeeze roller 54.
  • the developing rollers 52 and 53 are spaced 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm from the drum 1, while the squeeze roller 54 is spaced 0.05 mm from the drum 1.
  • the developing rollers 52 and 53 are each rotated in the opposite direction to the drum 1, as indicated by an arrow, and at a higher speed than the drum 1 by a drive source, not shown.
  • Scrapers 55 are affixed to the casing 51 and respectively held in contact with the rollers 52, 53 and 54 to remove the toner therefrom.
  • a nozzle 56 is disposed in an upper portion of the casing 51.
  • a pipe 22 supplies a liquid developer under pressure from a reservoir 20 to the nozzle 56.
  • the developer introduced into the casing 51 via the nozzle 56 is stored between the developing rollers 52 and 53 and their associated scrapers 55.
  • the developing rollers 52 and 53 in rotation convey the developer evenly to the surface of the drum 1.
  • the developer is returned to the reservoir 20 for reuse via an opening (not shown) formed through in casing 51 through which passes pipe 23. Excessive part of the developer is removed from the drum 1 by the squeeze roller 54 and also collected in the reservoir 20 via the pipe 23.
  • this type of developing unit 5 it is possible to adjust the amount of developer to deposit on the drum 1 and an image transfer position by controlling, e.g., the gaps between the drum 1 and the rollers 52-54 or the peripheral speeds of the drums 52-54.
  • the cleaning unit 13 has a cleaning roller 30 contacting the drum 1 and implemented as, e.g., a foam roller.
  • a casing 31 is formed with a liquid inlet 32 at the top and a liquid outlet 33 at the bottom.
  • a feed pipe is connected to the liquid inlet 32 to feed the developer, or cleaning liquid, from the reservoir 20 to the inlet 32.
  • Another pipe, not shown, is connected to the liquid outlet 33 to return the developer from the casing 31 to the reservoir 20.
  • a plate 34 is disposed below the liquid inlet 32 to distribute the developer over the entire length of the cleaning roller 30.
  • a squeeze roller 35 is held in contact with the cleaning roller 30 to squeeze out the cleaning liquid containing the toner removed from the drum 1.
  • a scraper 36 is positioned to contact the squeeze roller 35.
  • the copier described above is conventional except that it can remove a toner image from a sheet used as a data transfer medium so as to use the paper sheet repetitively. For this purpose, the developer stored in the reservoir 20 is improved. Further, the copier is provided with a toner removing device embodying the present invention and capable of removing the toner, i.e., toner image from the sheet which would otherwise be discarded. This will be described specifically hereinafter.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 18572/1987 discloses a liquid developer applicable to a copier and in which a binding resin is dispersed.
  • the binding resin strongly adheres to the fibers of a sheet or a transfer material, allowing a toner image to be permanently fixed thereon.
  • a thermosetting resin is contained in the toner
  • the toner is strongly fixed on the toner image carrier when heated.
  • This kind of developer therefore, would prevent the toner thereof from being easily removed from a paper sheet expected to be repetitively used.
  • the developer is improved such that the adhering force of the toner is weak enough to allow the toner to be removed from a sheet.
  • the developer consists of a liquid carrier and a toner as a conventional two-component type developer.
  • isodecane n-hexane or commercially available Shellzole 71 (Shell Petroleum) or Isoper G, H, E. L, K, M or V (Ecson).
  • Dimethylsiloxane e.g. KF96L-0.65, KF96L-1.0 or KF96L-1.5 available from Shinetsu Chemicals
  • phenylmethylsilixane e.g. KF58 available from Shinetsu Chemicals
  • cyclic siloxane e.g. KF994 available from Shinetsu Chemicals
  • the toner contains a coloring agent and a binding resin as major components thereof and may additionally contain a dispersed resin and a charge controlling agent, as needed.
  • the coloring agent is implemented by an inorganic pigment, e.g., furnace black, acetylene black, channel black or similar carbon black, or commercially available Printex G, Printex V, Special Black 15, Special Black 4 or Special Black 4-B (available from Degsa), Mitsubishi #44, #30, MA-11 or MA-100 (available from Mitsubishi Carbon), Larben 30, Larben 40 or Conductex SC (available from Columbia Carbon), or Legal 400, 600 or 800 or Black Pearl (available from Cabot).
  • Inorganic pigments including zinc oxide, titanium oxide and silicon oxide are other examples.
  • organic pigments may be used which include Phthalocyanine Blue, Phthalocyanine Green, Rhodamine Lake, Malachite Green Lake, Methyl Violet Lake, Peacock Blue Lake, Natole Green B, Permanent Red 4R, Hansa Yellow, Benzidine Yellow, and Thioindigo red. Further, such an organic pigment and an inorganic pigment may be used in combination.
  • the binding agent is constituted by a polymer or a copolymer (resins including acrylester) having a repetitive unit expressed as: ##STR1## where R is representative of H or CH 3 , and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4.
  • a binding agent has a weaker binding force than conventional ones. Examples are polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, poly-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, and poly-2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
  • a specific procedure for adjusting the developer is as follows. 0.3 to 0.3 parts by weight of binding resin is mixed with 1 part by weight of coloring agent. The resulting mixture is sufficiently dispersed under the presence of 10 to 20 parts by weight of the liquid carrier by an attriter, ball mill, pearl mill or similar mill to produce a condensed toner. The condensed toner is diluted by three times to 10 times by the liquid carrier, as needed.
  • a dispersed resin, metallic soap, lecithin, linseed oil, higher fatty acid or similar polarity control agent may be added to the mixture of coloring agent and binding resin.
  • the binding force of the toner is weaker than that of conventional ones due to the binding resin having the above particular structure.
  • the solvent is evaporated from the toner forming a toner image on a sheet (synthetic sheet) is evaporated, the toner image does not adhere to the sheet as fast as a toner image formed by a conventional toner.
  • an adhesion control agent having a large value for n e.g., LMA (lauryl methacrylate) may be added to the toner to control the fixing or adhering ability.
  • Examples of the toner implemented by the binding resin are as follows.
  • Example 2 was repeated except that the binding resin was implemented by a polyehtyl metacrylate 2-ethylhexyl metacrylate copolymer (molar ratio of 50/50). The resulting toner was measured to have a mean particle size of 1.4 microns.
  • Example 2 was repeated except that the binding resin was implemented by polybutyl metacrylate.
  • the resulting toner was measured to have a mean particle size of 1.3 microns.
  • Example 2 was repeated except that the binding resin was implemented by polyisobutyl metacrylate.
  • the resulting toner was measured to have a mean particle size of 1.0 micron.
  • Example 2 was repeated except that the binding resin was implemented by poly-2-ethylhexyl metacrylate. The resulting toner was measured to have a mean particle size of 0.85 micron.
  • Example 1 was repeated except that the content of polymethyl acrylate was changed as shown in Table 1 below.
  • Example 2 was repeated except that the binding agent was implemented by polylauryl metacrylate.
  • the resulting toner was measured to have a mean particle size of 1.1 microns.
  • the primary requisite with this kind of sheet is the elasticity high enough to withstand the repetitive use. Also, when an electric field for image transfer is formed between the sheet and a photoconductive element by a charger, the sheet has to maintain a predetermined resistance. Another requisite is that the sheet maintains such elasticity and resistance even when it is reused after the removal of the toner, as will be described later.
  • a sheet meeting above requisites may be implemented as a plastic sheet.
  • the major component of a plastic sheet may be polyester, polyimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether etherketone, or polycarbonate.
  • polyester is desirable in respect of characteristics and cost.
  • a sheet implemented by polyester will be referred to as a polyester sheet hereinafter.
  • a polyester sheet for example, contains a copolymerized polyester constituting polyethylene terephthalate and ethylene terephthalate as a major component thereof.
  • the sheet should preferably have a porous surface. This is especially true with the copier having a toner removing device which deposits a liquid on the sheet, as will be described later.
  • a sheet having a porous surface holds a liquid in the pores thereof. This prevents the liquid intervening between the projections of nearby sheets (portions other than the pores) or between the projections of the sheet and transport rollers or similar guides from playing the role of an adhesive and aggravating the resistance to sheet transport.
  • Synthetic sheets in general e.g., Peach Coat (trade name) available from Nisshin Industries and YUPO (trade name) available from Oji Yuka Synthetic Paper have such a porous surface and are especially feasible for the present invention.
  • Synthetic sheets and other resinous sheets are stronger than plain papers and crease little even when a liquid for removing the toner is deposited thereon, as will be described later. Further, synthetic sheets are feasible for recycling and can be sufficiently charged even when some liquid for removing the toner, e.g., water is deposited thereon.
  • papers made of wood pulp whose surfaces are not coated with resin
  • synthetic sheets coated with volatile resin can be charged to above 1000 volts.
  • the sheet is acceptable if it has a specific surface resistance higher than 10 8 ⁇ .cm; it should preferably have a porous surface. However, the surface of the sheet should preferably be flat to promote toner removal which will be described.
  • a sheet having a flat surface When such a sheet having a flat surface is used, it is preferable to evaporate the liquid by heat or a stream of air in the event of recycling so as to reduce double feed and other defective sheet feed. If desired, a layer having low surface energy may be formed on the surface of a synthetic sheet to control the adhesion of the toner thereon.
  • Polyethylene-based sheet WG-140 (135 microns), WG-170 (160 microns) and WGR-170 (157 microns) available from Nisshin Industries
  • Polyethylene-based sheet WE-110 (110 microns), WEK-110 (110 microns), SE80 (65 microns) and SEK-80 (80 microns) available from Nisshin Industries
  • Polypropyrene-based sheet SP-80 (80 microns), SPB-80 (80 microns), WP-110 (110 microns) and SPG-70 (62 microns) available from Nisshin Industries; VIF#70 (70 microns), #90 (90 microns), #140 (140 microns), VIS#90 (90 microns), VIS#120 (120 microns), VOF#120 (120 microns), VNF 190 (187 microns) and BP Coat 110 (103 microns) available from Oji Yuka Synthetic Paper
  • the device for removing the toner constituting a toner image on a sheet will be described.
  • the device generally 40, has a transport roller pair 42 to which a sheet 50 carrying a toner 50a thereon is fed from the left-hand side, as viewed in the figure.
  • the transport roller pair 42 drives the sheet to a press roller 43 and a squeeze roller, or toner image removing member, 44 which cooperate to remove the toner 50a, i.e., erase a toner image formed by the toner 50a.
  • the squeeze roller 44 is rotated at a higher peripheral speed than the transport roller pair 42.
  • a liquid supply roller, or liquid supply member, 45 is disposed below and held in contact with the squeeze roller 44.
  • This roller 45 is partly immersed in a liquid, e.g., water 46 stored in a liquid reservoir 47.
  • a liquid e.g., water 46 stored in a liquid reservoir 47.
  • the former supplies the liquid 46 to the latter.
  • the liquid forms a film on the squeeze roller 44.
  • the squeeze roller 44 with such a film rubs off the toner 50a fixed on the sheet 50.
  • the toner 50a removed from the sheet 50 is conveyed by the squeeze roller 44 to the liquid supply roller 45. Then, the toner is trapped by the liquid film present on the liquid supply roller 45. Consequently, the toner is dispersed in the liquid 46, as indicated by the reference numeral 48.
  • the press roller 43 rests on the squeeze roller 44 due to gravity.
  • the press roller 43 While the sheet 50 is not transported, the press roller 43 is rotated by the squeeze roller 44 at a higher peripheral speed than the transport roller pair 42. While the sheet 50 is in transport, the press roller 43 is driven by the sheet 50. The liquid supply roller 45 is also rotated by the squeeze roller 44.
  • the liquid it is preferable to implement at least the inner periphery of the liquid reservoir 47 by a conductive material and connect it to ground or to connect the squeeze roller 44 and other members contacting the liquid to ground.
  • the squeeze roller 44 may advantageously be made of solid rubber or foam material in respect of the removal of the toner image. Should the squeeze roller 44 be made of an excessively soft material, the nip width thereof would be increased to adversely effect the sheet transport and, moreover, would bring about permanent compression set and other defects. In the light of this, the roller 44 should preferably be provided with a Shore A hardness of 20 degrees or more. As for the foam material, a foam density of 0.2 g/cm 3 or greater is desirable.
  • Another reservoir may be disposed inside or outside of the liquid reservoir 47 so as to circulate the liquid therebetween.
  • a filter it is preferable to locate a filter at a suitable position on a circulation path to collect the removed toner. Then, the liquid purified by the filter will be fed to the liquid supply roller 45 and, therefore, prevented from depositing on the sheet again.
  • the filter should preferably be provided with a mesh size of #100 to #300; short mesh sizes would cause the toner to stop up the filter while excessive mesh sizes would allow it to pass therethrough.
  • the press roller 43 and liquid supply roller 45 are made of resin or stainless steel since they deal with water. It is preferable to form circumferential grooves on the rollers 43 and 45, so that water may be efficiently scooped up. It was found by experiments that such grooves enhance the ability to supply water to the squeeze roller 44 and promote smooth removal of water from the press roller 43.
  • two toner removing devices 40 each having the above-described construction are arranged in a console. Also accommodated in the console are a cassette 41a loaded only with sheets to be repetitively used, a pick-up roller 41 for feeding the sheets from the cassette 41a, a transport roller 42 for transporting the sheet fed by the pick-up roller 41 to the toner removing devices 40, and an arrangement for transporting the sheet from the toner removing devices 40 to the register roller 7, FIG. 2.
  • the used copies 50 are stacked on the exclusive cassette 41a to be recycled.
  • the sheets stored in the ordinary cassettes 6a are used.
  • a mode select switch is provided on an operation panel, not shown, and operated to select one of the cassettes 6a and 41a. Assume that a mode for feeding the sheets or copies 50 from the cassette 41a is selected. Then, as a print switch is pressed, the pick-up roller 41 feeds the sheet 50 out of the cassette 41a. The sheet 50 is transported to the toner removing devices 40 to have the toner image thereof removed. Subsequently, the sheet 50 is conveyed to the photoconductive drum 1 via the register roller 7.
  • a toner image formed on the drum 1 is transferred to the recycled sheet 50 in the same manner as in the ordinary copy mode.
  • the sheet 50 is driven out to the tray 12a via the finisher 12. Therefore, the sheet 50 can again serve as a data transfer medium for conference or similar purpose.
  • This recycled sheet or copy 50 may be again stacked on the exclusive cassette 41a after it has been used.
  • rank 5 is representative of a condition wherein a toner is fully removed from a sheet.
  • Rank 4 is representative of a condition wherein a toner is removed from a sheet although slightly left due to the undulation of the sheet surface (not noticeable as characters); such a sheet is acceptable in respect of recycling.
  • Rank 3 shows a condition wherein some toner is left on the edges of characters on a sheet although the toner is mostly removed from the sheet.
  • Rank 2 is representative of a condition wherein a toner is mostly left on a sheet, but characters are shaved and blurred.
  • rank 1 is representative of a condition wherein a toner is left on a sheet, and characters are shaved little.
  • the present invention provides a device capable of effectively removing only a toner image from a copy or similar toner image carrier produced from a copier by feeding a liquid to the carrier.
  • This allows the toner image carrier to be repetitively used without being deformed.
  • the device saves wood pulp which is a limited resource for forming toner image carriers and, therefore, contributes a great deal to the prevention of environmental disruption ascribable to lumbering. Since the device is relatively simple in construction, it can be miniaturized easily and can even be in accommodated an image forming apparatus.
  • the member Since the surface of a toner image removing member is implemented by a particular material, the member can exhibit the expected function thereof effectively.
  • the material constituting the toner image removing member has predetermined factors including hardness. This reduces the adverse influence of such a material on the transport of the toner image carrier and enhances the durability of the member.
  • a liquid to be used Since a liquid to be used has a predetermined resistance, it can discharge the toner removed from the toner image carrier and introduced thereinto. Hence, the precipitation of the toner in the liquid is promoted. In addition, a minimum of toner is caused to electrostatically deposit on the members contacting the liquid.
  • the members contacting the liquid are each made of a predetermined material which allows a minimum of toner to deposit thereon.
  • the removed toner is prevented from depositing on the inner walls of a reservoir or from again depositing on the toner image carrier to contaminate the background of the carrier.
  • a liquid supply member is formed with predetermined grooves on the periphery thereof, it can exhibit the expected function thereof effectively.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Paper Feeding For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
  • Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
US08/117,289 1992-09-07 1993-09-07 Device for removing a toner from a toner image carrier Expired - Lifetime US5463447A (en)

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JP4-265434 1992-09-07
JP26543492A JP3247960B2 (ja) 1992-09-07 1992-09-07 画像形成装置及びトナー像除去装置

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Cited By (21)

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US5678158A (en) * 1992-09-07 1997-10-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Apparatus for repetitively using a toner image carrier
US5835837A (en) * 1995-04-06 1998-11-10 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Apparatus for removing image forming substance from image holding member
US5858093A (en) * 1995-09-30 1999-01-12 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Liquid applying member and a tool for manufacturing that member
US5897726A (en) * 1994-05-13 1999-04-27 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method of and an apparatus for removing image forming substance from an image supporting body
WO1999047743A1 (en) * 1998-03-19 1999-09-23 Decopier Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for deinking paper
US5970272A (en) * 1995-12-21 1999-10-19 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd Apparatus for reusing image recording materials
US6022423A (en) * 1996-05-23 2000-02-08 Imagex Technologies, Inc. Method for deinking paper
US6156127A (en) * 1994-02-28 2000-12-05 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for removing image forming substance from image holding member
US6236831B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2001-05-22 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus of recycling office paper
US6529788B1 (en) 1998-12-15 2003-03-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Recycling system and recycling method
US20030186157A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-10-02 Tsutomu Teraoka Liquid developer, image-fixing apparatus using the same, and image-forming apparatus using the same
US20040131402A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-07-08 Tsuneo Kurotori Fixing apparatus and image forming apparatus
US20040165918A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-26 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording medium reproduction apparatus and image recording medium reproduction method
US20040241567A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-12-02 Tsutomu Teraoka Liquid developer for image forming apparatus
US20050025537A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2005-02-03 Katsuhiro Echigo Fixing device, nipping device, and image forming apparatus
US20050025534A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2005-02-03 Takashi Fujita Intermediary transfer apparatus, fixing apparatus and image forming apparatus
US20050117943A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-02 Atsushi Nakafuji Image forming method and apparatus for fixing an image
US20060013624A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-19 Shigeo Kurotaka Image-fixing apparatus, and, image-forming apparatus
WO2013105970A1 (en) 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Digital printers
US10589954B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2020-03-17 Seiko Epson Corporation Paper sheet recycling and printing apparatus, printing apparatus, and paper sheet recycling apparatus
US10730711B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2020-08-04 Seiko Epson Corporation Paper sheet recycling and printing apparatus, printing apparatus, and paper sheet recycling apparatus

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JPS63285865A (ja) * 1987-05-18 1988-11-22 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解液二次電池
US5678157A (en) * 1993-10-28 1997-10-14 Minolta Co., Ltd. Regenerating apparatus of recording medium
JP4440902B2 (ja) 2006-07-28 2010-03-24 株式会社リコー 画像形成装置

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