US3880231A - Heat-exchanger and method for its utilization - Google Patents

Heat-exchanger and method for its utilization Download PDF

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Publication number
US3880231A
US3880231A US292457A US29245772A US3880231A US 3880231 A US3880231 A US 3880231A US 292457 A US292457 A US 292457A US 29245772 A US29245772 A US 29245772A US 3880231 A US3880231 A US 3880231A
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United States
Prior art keywords
passage
fluid
exchanger
inlet
plate
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US292457A
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English (en)
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Pierre Gauthier
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Air Liquide SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/108—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with combined cross flow and parallel flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser
    • Y10S165/185—Indirect-contact condenser having stacked plates forming flow channel therebetween
    • Y10S165/186—Stacked plates surrounded by housing confining another fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved heat exchanger and an improved method of heat exchange using a plate-type heat-exchanger permitting the exchange of heat between a first fluid in liquid form and a second fluid in gaseous form. joined together and circulating in certain passages of the exchanger. and a third fluid circulating in other adjacent passages of the exchanger.
  • the characteristic improvements of said exchanger include the provision of a third inlet towards the first passage.
  • first closure means adjacent to a second inlet and to one extremity of the first passage so as to introduce into said first passage the fluid to be received into said second passage;
  • a third distribution means is arranged in the first passage to distribute the fluid to be received in said second passage. from the third inlet towards the interior of said first passage, substantially over the whole dimension of said passage perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the transfer zone also extending along the longitudinal direction and comprising a plurality of perforations separated from each other.
  • the transfer zone between passages may comprise a plurality of longitudinally elongated slots or a plurality of slots perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or a plurality of orifices distributed in the longitudinal direction of the second plate.
  • the present invention relates to a heat-exchangerc. and more particularly to a heat-exchanger of the plate type, permitting the exchange heat between a first fluid in liquid form and a second fluid in gaseous form, combined together and circulating in certain passages of the exchanger, and a third fluid circulating in other adjacent passages of the exchanger. It is also concerned with a method of use of the said exchanger.
  • te heat is thus exchanged between a first fluid in the liquid form and a second fluid in the gaseous form, combined together and circulating in certain passages of the exchanger in a longitudinal direction, and a third fluid circulating in other adjacent passages of the exchanger.
  • one of the first and second fluids is introduced into a first passage of the said exchanger, the fluid introduced into the first passage is distributed substantially in a uniform manner in the interior and along the whole length of the said passage, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; at least one first portion of member of the said first and second fluids is introduced into at least one second passage of the said exchanger, adjacent to the first passage, the first portion introduced into the second passage is distributed in a substantially uniform manner through the interior and along the whole extent of the said passage perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; at least one portion of the fluid introduced into the first passage and the first portion introduced into the second passage are combined in the said second passage along the whole extent of the first and second passages, perpendicular to te longitudinal direction, so as to constitute at least one part of a substantially homogeneous two-phase fluid distributed in a substantially uniform manner in the second passage along the whole of its extent; the said portion of the two-phase fluid is caused to circulate in thermal exchange with the third fluid.
  • the plate heat-exchanger described which enables this method to be carried into effect, thus compries a plurality of metal plates having a substantially similar contour, parallel to and spaced apart from each other; a first closure means coupling the said plates to each other along the edge of each plate.
  • the said closure means and the said plates delimiting a plurality of passages, at least three consecutive plates defining respectively a first reception passage for a first fluid in the liquid form and a second fluid in gaseous form, comprised between a first plate and a second plate, and at least one second reception passage for the other of the first and second fluids and for circulating the first and second fluids combined together in a longitudinal direction comprised between the second plate and a third plate;
  • the second plate comprising a transfer zone for at least a portion of the fluid which is to be received in the first passage towards the second passage, the said zone extending along at least all the length of the first and second passages perpendicualr to the longitudinal direction;
  • the first closure means defining respectively a first inlet towards the first passage in order to introduce the fluid which is to be received by the first passage, and at least one second inlet towards the second passage in the vicinity of one extremity of the said passage, in order to introduce the fluid to be received by the said passage, the transfer means being arranged between the first inlet
  • the only transfer zone described is constituted by a single horizontal slot extending at least along the whole extent of the first and second passages, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of circulation of the combined first and second fluids.
  • the plates of the exchanger which comprise a transfer zone such as the second plates defined above, will also be referred to by the term partition" in order to differentiate them from the other plates which do not comprise this zone.
  • the present invention thus proposes to improve the flexibility of operation of a plate exchanger of the type previously described, in such manner that this latter may work when the flow-rate of the liquid phase and/or the flow rate of the gaseous phase of a two-phase fluid are capable of varying to a considerable extent.
  • An exchanger according to the invention is charac' terized in that it further comprises a third inlet towards the first passage, defined by the first closure means, in the vicinity of the second inlet and of one extremity of the first passage, in order to introduce into the said passage the fluid which is to be received in the second passage.
  • a third distribution means arranged in the first passage to distribute the fluid which is to be received in the second passage from the third inlet towards the interior of the first passage, substantially over the whole extent of the passage perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and in that the transfer zone also extends in the longitudinal direction and comprises a plurality of perforations separated from each other.
  • the first passage thus plays the part of a separation chamber for the first fluid in the liquid form and the second fluid in the gaseous form, co-operating with the transfer zone in order to vary the active surface of this latter in accordance with the level of liquid obtained in the separation chamber.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain a homogenous two-phase fluid distributed in a uniform manner between the passages which are reserved for it and over the entire width of these latter, irrespective of the conditions of operation of the exchanger. This was not the case prior to the invention. in particular due to imperfections of construction or to deformations caused in the exchanger during the course of its installation or during its operation.
  • the plate exchangers which have the structure specified as prior to the present invention do not in practice enable an absolutely homogeneous distribution of the two-phase fluid to be obtained as between the various passages of the exchanger which are reserved for it, and in a given passage. since the practical defects previously indicated act to oppose or even annul the desired homogenous distribution. under certain conditions of operation. This is all the more true since plate exchangers, due to their design, are more subject to mechanical stresses of thermal origin than other types of exchangers.
  • the first fluid and the second fluid are separated on the upstream side of the exchanger along the direction of circulation of the said fluid. and the gas-liquid separation interface is maintained between the level of introduction of the first fluid into the first passage and the level of introduction of the second fluid into the first passage.
  • This may be effected by arranging the separator vessel for the first and second fluids at the side of the exchanger and by fixing its position in height as a function of the desired level of the first fluid in the first passage of the exchanger.
  • the level in the separator falls and correspondingly the section of passage of the second fluid towards the second passage increases, or the section of passage of the first fluid towards the second passage falls, and is therefore adapted to the increase in the flow-rate of the second fluid.
  • Two essential forms of the invention may be employed. depending on whether the heat exchange is effected with a two-phase fluid circulating vertically in the upward or downward direction.
  • the transfer zone is arranged in the lower part of the second plate, the first inlet is reserved for the second fluid, and at least a second inlet and the third inlet are reserved for the first fluid.
  • the transfer zone is arranged in the upper part of the second plate, the first inlet is reserved for the first fluid, and the second inlet and third inlet are reserved for the second fluid.
  • FIG. I is a front view of a first exchanger according to the invention, associated with a separator for a twophase fluid. enabling heat to be exchanged between this fluid circulating in the upward direction in the exchanger and another fluid circulating in the downward direction;
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the left-hand side of this exchanger, taken in the direction of the arrows lI-ll of FIG. 1'.
  • FIG. 3 is a view in cross-section taken along the line IlI-III of FIG. 1 of this exchanger, associated with the above separator;
  • FIG. 4 is a view in cross-section taken along the line IV-IV of FIG 2 of this exchanger with parts broken
  • FIG. 5 is a view in cross-section of this exchanger. taken along the line V ⁇ / of FIG. 2, with parts broken away;
  • FIG. 6 is a view in perspective of one part of this exchanger. with parts broken away;
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are views similar to that of Flg. 6, showing three alternative forms of construction of this same exchanger;
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a second exchanger. according to the invention. associated with a separator for a two-phase fluid, enabling heat to be exchanged between this fluid circulating in an upward direction in the exchanger, and another fluid circulating in a downward direction;
  • FIG. I1 is a view of the left-hand side of the exchanger shown in FIG. [0. taken in the direction of the arrows Xl--XI of FIG. 10;
  • Flg. I2 is a view in cross-section of the exchanger shown in FIG. 10. taken along the line XIIXII of FIG. 10, the exchanger being associated with the above separator;
  • FIG. 13 is a view in cross-section taken along the line XIIIXIII of FIG. 11, of the exchanger shown in FIG. 10, with parts broken away;
  • FIG. 14 is a view in corss-section of the exchanger shown in FIG. [0. taken along the line XIVXIV of FIG. 11. with parts broken away;
  • FIG. 15 relates to a third heat-exchanger according to the invention. Similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. This figure represents a view in cross-section of this third exchanger taken along a line identical with the line IIl--III of FIG. 3.
  • the circulation of the first fluid in the liquid form has been shown by full lines. that of the second fluid in the gaseous form by broken lines separated by points. that of the first and second fluids combined together by broken lines separated by crosses and that of the third fluid by broken lines only.
  • a first heat-exchanger l according to the invention. and its operation enabling heat to be exchanged between a first and a second fluids, combined together and circulating in the exchanger 1 in a vertical upward direction, and a third fluid circulating in the exchanger in a vertical downward direction.
  • FIG. I is intended to explain the circulation of the fluids in the exchanger 1.
  • a fluid 3 in two-phase form comes into a separator 2 arranged by the side of the exchanger at a level lower than this latter. It is separated into a liquid phase 4, or first fluid in liquid from. and a gaseous phase 5 or second fluid in gaseous form.
  • the first fluid is sent into the exchanger through the intermediary of the distributor 6 arranged at its lower portion.
  • the second fluid is sent into the exchanger I by means of the distributor 7 arranged on the side of the exchanger 1 in its lower half, on the left hand side looking at FIG. I.
  • the first and second fluids combined are evacuated from the exchanger I by the header or collector 8 after having exchanged heat with the first and second fluids combined together.
  • the collector 8 is arranged in the upper half of the exchanger 1, on the right-hand side of this latter, as shown in FIG. 1. The circulation of the fluids in the interior of the exchanger I will be examined later.
  • the heat exchanger 1 comprises a plurality of rectangular metal plates 11 and 12 of identically the same contour, arranged parallel to each other and spaced from each other.
  • these various plates may be grouped together in sets of three.
  • Eachh set comprises for example a first plate such as Ila.
  • a second plate or partition such as 12 comprising a transfer zone 60, and a third plate such as Ilb.
  • a first plate or partition 12 is therefore arranged between a first plate Ila and a seond plate lIb immediately adjacent.
  • a first closure means comprises closure bars I3 coupling each partition I2 to an adjacent plate 11, along the edge of the said plate and the said partition (see particularly FIGS. 4 and 5).
  • the closure bars 13 are coupled in a fluid-tight manner by brazing to the edges of the plates 11 and the partitions I2 and the closure bares l3 define inside the exchanger I a plurality of first elongated passages I4 comprised between a first plate such as 11a and a second plate or partition 12, and a plurality of second elongated passages I5, comprised between a partition or second plate I2 and a third plate such as 11b. These passages are substantially flat.
  • closure bars 14 form a space which constitutes an inlet 16 permitting the introduction of the second fluid in the gaseous form, from the distributor 7 into the said passage.
  • closure bars I3 form a space constituting an inlet 17 permitting the introduction of the first fluid in the liquid form from the distributor 6 into the said passage.
  • a distribution means for the first fluid, from an inlet 17 towards the interior of a first passage 14 is arranged in the lower portion of the said passage in order to distribute the first fluid over the whole width of the said passage.
  • the first distribution means comprises a corrugated metal sheet 20 and a corrugated metal sheet 21.
  • a metal sheet 20 has a contour with the form of a rectangular triangle, one side of which corresponds to the inlet 17; it is provided with vertical corrugations.
  • a metal sheet 2I has a contour in the form of a rectangular trapezium, one side of which is adjacent to the metal sheet 20', it is provided with oblique corrugations.
  • the sheets 20 and 21 are supported on one side on one face of a plate I l and on the other side on one face ofa partition 12.
  • the sheets 20 and 21 are perforated and constitute an assembly having a rectangular contour.
  • Another distribution means for the second fluid having an inlet 16 towards the interior of a first passage 14 is arranged in the upper part of the said passage in order to distribute the second fluid over the entire width of the said passage.
  • It comprises a corrugated metal sheet 18 and a corrugated metal sheet I9.
  • a sheet 18 has a contour with the form of a rectangular triangle, one side of which correpsonds to the inlet 16; its corrugations are horizontal.
  • a sheet 19 has a contour in the form of a right-angle triangle adjacent to that preceding along its hypotenuse. Its corrugations are vertical.
  • the sheets 18 and I9 are aupported on one side by a face of a partition 12 and on the other side by a face of a plate 11.
  • a rectangular wide metal sheet, supported on a partition I2 and a plate 11, is arranged in the first passage 14 between the distribution means for the first fluid and that of the second fluid.
  • a second plate or partition I2 comprises at its lower poriton a transfer zone 60 comprising a plurality of holes 23 permitting the second fluid to be transferred into a second passage 15. These holes are distributed in the second plate 12 in vertical rows and thus in the longitudinal direction of the exchanger.
  • the perforated portion or transfer zone 60 of a partition 12 is comprised between an inlet 16 and an inlet 17 and extends subs tantially over the whole length of the sheet 22 and along the whole width of the passages 14 and 15.
  • the holes 23 communicate with the channels defined by the corrugations of the sheets 22.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 also indicate that the space included between a first plate such as Ila and a partition I2, and one part of which corresponds to a first passage 14, is divided into two by a second closure means.
  • This latter is a horizontal bar 24 coupling together a plate Ila and a partition 12 in a fluid-tight manner in the lower half of the excahnger 1.
  • a bar 24 thus defines in the space included between a first plate Ila and a partition 12, in addition to a first passage 14 arranged on one side of the bar 24, a third passage 25 arranged on the other side of the bar 24, extending over the major part of the length of the exchanger, comprised between a first plate Ila and a second plate 12 and reserved for the third heat-exchanger fluid.
  • closure bars I3 also define in the lower part and in the upper part of the third passage 25, repsectively a space serving as an inlet 26 and another space serving as an outlet 27.
  • An inlet 26 permits the introduction of the third heatexchange fluid from the distributor 9 into a passage 25.
  • An outlet 27 permits the evacuation of a third fluid from a third passage 25 towards the collector I0.
  • a distribution means for the third fluid from an inlet 26 towards the interior of a first passage 25 is arranged in the upper part of the said passage in order to distribute the third fluid over the whole width of the said passage.
  • This means comprises two metal sheets 28 and 29.
  • a sheet 28 has a contour with the form ofa rectangular triangle. one side of which corresponds to the inlet 26'. it has horizontal corrugations
  • a metal sheet 29 has a contour in the from of a rectangular triangle adjacent to that preceding and along its hypotenuse; it has vertical corrugations.
  • the metal sheets and 2] are perforated and from an assembly with a rectangular contour.
  • a collection means for the third from the interior of a first passage towards an outlet 27. is arranged at the lower part of said passage so as to collect the third fluid along the whole width of the said passage.
  • This means comprises two metal sheets and 31.
  • a sheet 30 has a contour in the form of a rectangular triangle. of which one side corresponds to the outlet 27; it has horizontal corrugations.
  • a sheet 3l has a contour with the form of a rectangular triangle adjacent to that preceding and along its hypotenuse. it has vertical corrugations.
  • the sheets 30 and 3l are perforated and form an assembly with a rectangular contour.
  • a corrguated sheet 32 having its corrugaitons vertical in arraged in each third passage 25, between the distribution means and the collection means associated with the said passages.
  • Each sheet 32 extends along the major part of the length of a passage 25.
  • the corrugated sheets 28, 29, 30. 3l and 32 are supported on one side against a second plate or partition 12 and on the other side against a first plate lla.
  • closure bars 13 form at the lower extremity and the upper extremity of a second passage 15, respectively a space adjacent to an inlet 17, serving as an inlet 33 for the first fluid in the liquid form coming from the distributor 6, and a space serving as an outlet 34 for the fluid formed by the combination of the first and second heat exchange fluids evacuated by the collector 8.
  • a distribution means for the first fluid from an inlet 33 towards the interior of a second passage 15, is arranged in the lower part of the said passage in order to distribute the first fluid over the whole width of the said passage.
  • This means comprises two corrugated sheets 35 and 36.
  • the sheet 35 has a contour in the form of a rectangular triangle. one side of which corresponsd to the inlet 33; its corrugations are vertical.
  • the sheet 36 has a contour in the form ofa rectangle trapezium adjacent to the preceding triangle; its corrugations are oblique.
  • the sheets 35 and 36 are perforated and constitute an with wit a rectangular contour.
  • a collection means for the fluid corresponding to the combination of the first and second fluids from the interior of the first passage 15 towards an outlet 34 is arranged at the upper part of the said passage in order to collect the said fluid over the whole width of the said passage.
  • This means comprises two corrugated sheets 37 and 38.
  • a sheet 37 has a contour in the form of a rectangular triangle. of which one side corresponds to the outlet 34; it corrugations are vertical.
  • a sheet 38 has a contour in the form of a rectangular trapezium adjacent to the preceding triangle; its corrugations are oblique.
  • the sheets 37 and 38 are perforated and constitute an assembly having a rectangular contour.
  • a passage 15 The major part of a passage 15 is occupied by a corrugated sheet 39. arranged between the collection means and the distribution means of the first fluid, and
  • the sheets 35. 36. 37. 38 and 39 are supported on one side with a second plate or partition 12 and on the other side with a third plate 116.
  • the perforations 23 of the transfer zone 60 and of a partition 12 communicate with the channels defined by the corrugations of the sheet 39.
  • a first part and a second part of the first fluid in the liquid form are introduced respectively through the inlet 33 at the lower level of a second passage 15 and through the inlet 17 at the lower level of a first passage 14.
  • the first fluid received and introduced into all the passages 14 and 15 of the exchanger is distributed in a substantially uniform manner over the entire width of the said passages. by means of the distributors 20, 21 and 35. 36 respectively.
  • the inlet 16 there is introduced the second fluid in the gaseous form at the upper level of a first passage 14, above the transfer zone 60.
  • the second fluid introduced and received in each first passage 14 is distributed from the top to the bottom in a substantially uniform manner over the entire width of the said passage.
  • each of the first passages 14 playing the part of a separation chamber for the first fluid in liquid form and for the second fluis in gaseous form. there is thus obtained a gas-liquid interface between the first and the second fluids.
  • this interface is adjacent to that which is established in the separator 3 between the first and second fluids, but it is slightly less than this latter since the pressure losses of the first fluid and of the second fluis in their respective distributors of the first passages 14 are not equivalent; the first are greater than the second.
  • the gasliquid interface of the separator 2 is thus maintained between the level of introduction of the first fluid and the level of introduction of the second fluid into the first passages 14.
  • the second fluid and the first part of the first fluid introduced into a first passage 14 and the second part of the first fluid introduced into a second passage 15 over the whole width of the first and second passages are joined together through the transfer zone 60 of a partition 12 in a second passage 15.
  • This two-phase fluid then circulates in the upward direction. following the vertical and longitudinal direction of the exchanger. in the second passages 15. It exchanges its heat with the third fluid circulating in the third passages 25 and is then collected by the collector 37, 38 and evacuated from the upper part of the exchanger through the outlet 34.
  • the separation chamber or first passage 14 cooperates with the transfer zone 60 in order to adapt the working surface of this latter in accordance with the level of the liquid in the said passage [4. in fact. the variation of the liquid level in the first passages l4 permits a variation of the section of passage necessary for the transfer of the second fluid towards the second passages 15 by means of the longitudinal distribution of the holes 23. It is thus possible to adapt this section to the relative flow-rate of the first and second fluids.
  • the arrangement described of the separator 2 makes it especially possible to adapt this section automatically to this relative flow-rate.
  • the liquid level of the passages 14 located in the transfer zone 60 of each partition l2 varies as a function of the variations of the liquid level in the separator 2.
  • the section of passage obtained for the second fluid increases; and as the flow-rate of the second fluid becomes small as compared with the flow-rate of the first fluid, the smaller becomes this section of passage. In this case, there is therefore an automatic regulation of this section of passage.
  • the transfer zone comprises a plurality of slots 40, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the exchanger. or horizontal, distributed longitudinally in a partition I2.
  • the transfer zone comprises a plurality of oblique slots 41 distributed longitudinally in a partition 12.
  • the transfer zone comprises a plurality of slots 42 elongated in the longitudinal direction of the exchanger, or vertically.
  • a second heatexchanger 50 according to the invention, and its operation, permitting exchange of heat between a first and a second fluids combined together and circulating in the exchanger 50 in a downward vertical direction. and a third fluid circulating in the exchanger 1 in a vertical upward direction.
  • the fluid in a two-phase form is separated in a separator 2 arranged at the side of the exchanger 50 at a higher level than this latter.
  • the first fluid 4 in the liquid form and the second fluid 5 in the gaseous form are sent into the exchanger 50 through the intermediary respectively of a distributor 6 mounted on the side and in the upper half of the exchanger 50, and a distributor 7 mounted above the exchanger 50.
  • the first and second fluids combined are evacuated from the exchanger 50 by a collecter 8 arranged below the exchanger 50.
  • the third fluid which is to exchanger its heat with the first and second fluids combined, is introduced into and evacuated from the exchanger 50 respectively by a distributor 90 located below the exchanger 50 and a collector 10 mounted on the side and in the upper half of the exchanger 50.
  • the circulation of the fluids in the interior of the exchanger 50 will be examined below.
  • the first closure means comprising the bars 24 is arranged in the upper part of a space comprised between a first plate Ila and a second plate or partition 12.
  • the bars 24 thus respectively delimit, in the upper portion and in the lower portion of a said space, a first passage 14 extending along at least part of the length of the exchanger 50, and a third passage 25 extending along the major part of the length of the exchanger 50.
  • the transfer zone 60 of a partition 12 comprising the perforations 23, is arranged in the upperpart of a said partition, between the inlet 17 of the first fluid and the inlet 16 of the second fluid in a first passage 14 and above a bar 24.
  • the first fluid in the liquid form is introduced exclusively at the lower extremity of a first passage 14 through the distributor 6 and an inlet 17.
  • a first part of the second fluid in the gaseous form is introduced into the upper extremity of a second passage 15 adjacent to the first passage 14, through the distributor 7 and an inlet 51.
  • a second part of the second fluid is also introduced into the first passage through the distributor 7 and an inlet 16.
  • a passage 14 there is thus established a gasliquid interface between the first and second fluids, in hyrostatic equilibrium (to within in the pressure losses) with that of the separator 2.
  • the third fluid is introduced into the lower extremity of a third passage 25 located below a first passage 14, through the distributor 9 and an inlet 26.
  • the first portion of the second fluid and the first fluid are combined in a second passage 15, essentially by transfer and distribution of the first fluid into the first portion of the second fluid, of the first passage 14 towards the second passage 15, through the perforations 23 of the transfer zone of a partition 12.
  • the first and second fluids combined then constitute a homogeneous two-phase fluid along the whole length of the passages 14 and 15, which moves into a second passage 15 in a vertical downward direction.
  • This fluid exchanges its heat with the third fluid circulating in a passage 25 in a vertical upward direction
  • the first and second fluids combined are collected and evacuated at the lower extremity of the exchanger 50, after having exchanged their heat with the third fluid, through an outlet 34 and the collector 8.
  • the third fluid is collected and evacuated from the exchanger 50 through an outlet 27 and the collector 10.
  • the sec tion of passage of the first fluid passage 14 towards a second passage 15 is capable of varying by variation of the level of the liquid in a passage 14, and in particular of adapting itself automatically to the relative flowrates of the first and second fluids.
  • the third exchanger as shown in FIG. 15, only differs from the first exchanger in accordance with FIGS. 1 to 9, by the addition of another second passage adjacent to a first passage 14 and to a third passage 25.
  • a first passage 14 and a third passage 25 are comprised between two second passages.
  • first exchanger As for the first exchanger.
  • three consecutive plates 61, 62 and 63 respectively define a first passage 14 for the reception of the second fluid in the gaseous form comprised between a first plate 61 and a second plate 62, a second passage 15a for the reception of the first fluid in the liquid form and for circulating the first and second fluids combined along the longitudinal and vertical direction of the exchanger, comprised between the second plate 62 and a third plate 63, and the heatexchange relation with a third passage 25 located above the first passage 14, and also comprised between the first plate 61 and the second plate 62.
  • a fourth plate 64 arranged opposite the first plate 61, defines with this latter another second passage 15b for the reception of the first fluid and for circulating the first and second fluids combined in the longitudinal direction of the exchanger, also in heat-exchange relation with the third passage 25.
  • the second plate 62 also comprises a transfer zone 60a for the second fluid towards the second passage 15a, extending over the entire width of the first and second passages 14 and 15a, and along the longitudinal direction of the exchanger, and comprising a plurality of perforations 23 separated from each other.
  • the first plate 61 which, as shown in FIG. 15, comprises a transfer zone 60b for the second fluid towards the other second passage 15b, identical with the transfer zone 60a of the second plate 62.
  • the first closure means defines a first inlet (not shown) towards a first passage 14, located at the upper extremity of this latter, so as to introduce the second fluid in the gaseous form, a second inlet (not shown) towards the second passage 15a adjacent to the lower extremity of the said passage. for the introduction of the first fluid in the liquid form.
  • the bars 13 also define another second inlet (not shown) towards the other second passage 15b, in the vicinity of the lower extremity of the said passage, for the introduction of the first fluid.
  • the transfer zone 60a is arranged between the first inlet and the second inlet, and this is also true for the transfer zone 60b arranged between the first inlet and the other second inlet.
  • a first distribution means, 18, 19, for the second fluid is arranged in the upper portion of the first passage 14
  • a second distribution means 350, 36a for the first fluid is provided in the lower part of the second passage 15a.
  • another second distribution means 35b, 36b of the first fluid is arranged in the lower part of the other second passage 15b in order to distribute the first fluid from the other second inlet towards the interior of the other second passage 15b, substantially along the entire width of the said passage.
  • first closure means also defines a first outlet (not shown) from the second passage 15a adjacent to the upper extremity of this latter, in order to evacuate the combined first and second fluids.
  • this same means defines another first outlet (not shown) from the other second passage 15b in the vicinity of the upper extremity of the said passage, in order to evacuate the first and second fluids combined.
  • the operation of the third exchanger shown in FIG. 15 is similar to that described in respect of the first exchanger.
  • the second fluid is introduced in the gaseous form into a first passage 14 of the third exchanger, and this second fluid is distributed in a substantially uniform manner by means of the distributor 18, 19 in the interior and over the whole width of the first passage 14.
  • the second inlet and the other second inlet previously described there is introduced a first part and a second part of the first fluid into a second passage 15a and another second passage 15b respectively of the exchanger, both adjacent to the first passage 14.
  • the first part and the second part of the first fluid are respectively distributed through the interior and over the whole width of the second passage 15a and the other second passage 15b by means of the distributor 35a, 36a and the distributor 35b, 36b respectively.
  • the re are combined in the second passage 15a, by passing through the transfer zone 60a, and into the other second passage 15b by passing through the transfer zone 60b respectively, a part of the second fluid with the first part of the first fluid, and another part of the second fluid with the second part of the first fluid, this being effected over the whole width of the first, second and other second passages.
  • a third part of the first fluid is introduced into the first passage 14 through a third inlet located at the lower extremity of this latter, in order to establish a level of the first fluid in the liquid form in the first passage 14.
  • this third part is distributed in a uniform manner through the interior and along the whole width of the said passage 14.
  • the section of passage necessary for the transfer of the second fluid from the first passage 14 towards the second passage through the transfer zone 60a, and towards the second passage 15b through the transfer zone 60b is adapted to the relative flow-rates of the first and second fluids by varying the level of the first fluid in the first passage 14.
  • the exchangers according to the invention may be utilized with advantage in various sectors for the liquefaction and separation of gases.
  • the liquefaction and de-nitrogenation of natural gas extraction of hydrogen from a furnace gas, etc.
  • a plate-type heat exchanger comprising a plurality of metal plates 1 la. 11b and 12) having a substantially similar contour and being parallel to and spaced apart from each other along a first axis.
  • said exchanger comprising a first closure means (13) coupling said plates to each other along the edge of each plate.
  • said first closure means and said plates delimiting a plurality of passages (14, 15 and 25); at least three consecutive plates defining respectively a first passage (14) for the reception of one portion taken from one of a first fluid in liquid form (4) and a second fluid in gaseous form (5 comprised between a first plate 11a) and a second plate (12).
  • third distribution means (20, 21) arranged in said first passage for distributing said further portion, from the third inlet 17) toward the interior of said first passage, over a distance in a direction parallel to said third axis, said transfer zone extending also in a direction parallel to said second axis.
  • the transfer zone (60b) of said first plate (61) being disposed between said first inlet (16) and the other second inlet; said first closure means (13) defining another first outlet from the other second passage 15b), adjacent to the other extremity of said other second passage for evacuating said combined first and second fluids; and said exchanger comprising another second distribution means (35b) disposed in the other second passage (15b) for distributing the fluid to be received by said other second passage, from the other second inlet toward the interior of the other second passage. over a distance in a direction parallel to said second axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US292457A 1971-10-01 1972-09-26 Heat-exchanger and method for its utilization Expired - Lifetime US3880231A (en)

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FR7135393A FR2154352B1 (de) 1971-10-01 1971-10-01

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US (1) US3880231A (de)
JP (1) JPS5544874B2 (de)
BE (1) BE789479A (de)
DE (1) DE2248273C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2154352B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1411122A (de)

Cited By (18)

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US4208198A (en) * 1976-03-25 1980-06-17 Phillips Petroleum Company Stepwise turndown by closing heat exchanger passageways responsive to measured flow
US4249595A (en) * 1979-09-07 1981-02-10 The Trane Company Plate type heat exchanger with bar means for flow control and structural support
US4450903A (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-05-29 The Trane Company Plate type heat exchanger with transverse hollow slotted bar
US4461733A (en) * 1983-03-28 1984-07-24 Arvin Industries, Inc. Capillary fin media
US4544513A (en) * 1983-04-15 1985-10-01 Arvin Industries, Inc. Combination direct and indirect evaporative media
US4646822A (en) * 1984-04-27 1987-03-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger
US5333683A (en) * 1991-12-11 1994-08-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Indirect heat exchanger
US5775129A (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-07-07 The Boc Group, Inc. Heat exchanger
US5787975A (en) * 1994-04-15 1998-08-04 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat exchanger with brazed plates
US5893408A (en) * 1995-08-04 1999-04-13 Nautica Dehumidifiers, Inc. Regenerative heat exchanger for dehumidification and air conditioning with variable airflow
US5901574A (en) * 1996-02-14 1999-05-11 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Device and process for evaporating a liquid
US6332494B1 (en) * 1997-10-16 2001-12-25 Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag Air-cooled condenser
US20030159810A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-08-28 Schweigert Karl Heinrich Multistoreyed bath condenser
US20060086092A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Fay H P Air-cooled condensing system and method
US20060086490A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Fay H P Fin tube assembly for air-cooled condensing system and method of making same
WO2006092261A1 (de) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-08 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum verdampfen eines wenigstens zweikomponentigen prozessstromes
US11022377B2 (en) * 2016-07-01 2021-06-01 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat exchanger comprising a device for distributing a liquid/gas mixture
US11221178B2 (en) * 2017-03-24 2022-01-11 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Precédés Georges Claude Heat exchanger with liquid/gas mixer device having openings with an improved shape

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US4344481A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-08-17 United Technologies Corporation Counterflow heat exchanger construction
FR2499226B1 (fr) * 1981-02-05 1985-09-27 Air Liquide Procede et installation de liquefaction d'un gaz
FR2547898B1 (fr) * 1983-06-24 1985-11-29 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif pour vaporiser un liquide par echange de chaleur avec un deuxieme fluide, et leur application a une installation de distillation d'air
GB2149081B (en) * 1983-11-01 1986-12-10 Boc Group Plc Heat exchangers
FR2733039B1 (fr) * 1995-04-14 1997-07-04 Air Liquide Echangeur de chaleur a plaques brassees, et procede correspondant de traitement d'un fluide diphasique
FR2790546B1 (fr) * 1999-03-01 2001-04-20 Air Liquide Echangeur de chaleur, applications a la vaporisation de liquide sous pression et appareil de distillation d'air equipe d'un tel echangeur
FR2809805B1 (fr) 2000-05-31 2004-06-11 Nordon Cryogenie Snc Procede d'echange de chaleur dans un echangeur de chaleur a plaques brassees et echangeur de chaleur correspondant
US10161690B2 (en) 2014-09-22 2018-12-25 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Multi-layer heat exchanger and method of distributing flow within a fluid layer of a multi-layer heat exchanger

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US3282334A (en) * 1963-04-29 1966-11-01 Trane Co Heat exchanger
US3310105A (en) * 1964-06-15 1967-03-21 Trane Co Heat exchanger with combined closing member and fluid distributor
US3469271A (en) * 1965-11-15 1969-09-30 Hitachi Ltd Process and apparatus for low boiling gas mixtures
US3380517A (en) * 1966-09-26 1968-04-30 Trane Co Plate type heat exchangers
US3559722A (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-02-02 Trane Co Method and apparatus for two-phase heat exchange fluid distribution in plate-type heat exchangers
US3669186A (en) * 1969-12-10 1972-06-13 Trane Co Distributor for plate type heat exchangers having end headers

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4208198A (en) * 1976-03-25 1980-06-17 Phillips Petroleum Company Stepwise turndown by closing heat exchanger passageways responsive to measured flow
US4249595A (en) * 1979-09-07 1981-02-10 The Trane Company Plate type heat exchanger with bar means for flow control and structural support
US4450903A (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-05-29 The Trane Company Plate type heat exchanger with transverse hollow slotted bar
US4461733A (en) * 1983-03-28 1984-07-24 Arvin Industries, Inc. Capillary fin media
US4544513A (en) * 1983-04-15 1985-10-01 Arvin Industries, Inc. Combination direct and indirect evaporative media
US4646822A (en) * 1984-04-27 1987-03-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger
US5333683A (en) * 1991-12-11 1994-08-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Indirect heat exchanger
US5904205A (en) * 1994-04-15 1999-05-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat exchanger with brazed plates
US5787975A (en) * 1994-04-15 1998-08-04 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat exchanger with brazed plates
US5857517A (en) * 1994-04-15 1999-01-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat exchanger with brazed plates
US5893408A (en) * 1995-08-04 1999-04-13 Nautica Dehumidifiers, Inc. Regenerative heat exchanger for dehumidification and air conditioning with variable airflow
US5901574A (en) * 1996-02-14 1999-05-11 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Device and process for evaporating a liquid
US5775129A (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-07-07 The Boc Group, Inc. Heat exchanger
US6332494B1 (en) * 1997-10-16 2001-12-25 Energiagazdalkodasi Reszvenytarsasag Air-cooled condenser
US20030159810A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-08-28 Schweigert Karl Heinrich Multistoreyed bath condenser
US6748763B2 (en) * 2000-05-31 2004-06-15 Linde Ag Multistoreyed bath condenser
US20060086092A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Fay H P Air-cooled condensing system and method
US20060086490A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Fay H P Fin tube assembly for air-cooled condensing system and method of making same
US7096666B2 (en) 2004-10-21 2006-08-29 Gea Power Cooling Systems, Llc Air-cooled condensing system and method
US7243712B2 (en) 2004-10-21 2007-07-17 Fay H Peter Fin tube assembly for air-cooled condensing system and method of making same
WO2006092261A1 (de) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-08 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum verdampfen eines wenigstens zweikomponentigen prozessstromes
US20090008340A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2009-01-08 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for Evaporating a Process Stream Comprising at Least Two Components
AU2006220062B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2011-04-07 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for evaporating a process stream comprising at least two components
US11022377B2 (en) * 2016-07-01 2021-06-01 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat exchanger comprising a device for distributing a liquid/gas mixture
US11221178B2 (en) * 2017-03-24 2022-01-11 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Precédés Georges Claude Heat exchanger with liquid/gas mixer device having openings with an improved shape

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2248273A1 (de) 1973-04-05
GB1411122A (en) 1975-10-22
JPS4842444A (de) 1973-06-20
DE2248273C2 (de) 1986-05-15
BE789479A (fr) 1973-03-29
FR2154352A1 (de) 1973-05-11
FR2154352B1 (de) 1974-05-10
JPS5544874B2 (de) 1980-11-14

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