US3866426A - Tunnel driving apparatus - Google Patents

Tunnel driving apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3866426A
US3866426A US405510A US40551073A US3866426A US 3866426 A US3866426 A US 3866426A US 405510 A US405510 A US 405510A US 40551073 A US40551073 A US 40551073A US 3866426 A US3866426 A US 3866426A
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United States
Prior art keywords
assembly
support members
roof support
tunnel
assemblies
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US405510A
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English (en)
Inventor
Armin Lobbe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
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Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0692—Cutter drive shields

Definitions

  • the floor rails of the assemblies are ⁇ 52] [1.8. CI. 61/85, 61/45 D spaced apart with each of the flo r r ils f one assem- [51] Int. Cl. E0lg 3/00 bly located closely adjacent one of the floor rails of Field Of Search 45 D, 45 the other assembly.
  • a shifting ram is operable to effect relative movement between the assemblies.
  • Cited roof support members of the assemblies are arranged UNITED STATES TENTS with each of the members of one assembly alongside 1275 910 8/1918 Hamilton 6l/85 of members of the other assembly
  • a roof 15:75 2/1963 Joseph H shield composed of a series of planks extending paral- 3 434 339 3/19 9 Grisehuch 1/45 D x lel to the floor rails is supported for sliding by guide 3,621,66l 10/197] Allen 61/45 D elements on the root support members.
  • These guide elements prevent the planks from becoming detached FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS from the roof support members and piston and cylin- Germany v D der units are provided for moving the in relation to the assemblies.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for driving underground cavities such as tunnels, roadways and the like and hereinafter referred to as tunneldriving apparatus.
  • a shield composed of a plurality of elongate elements or planks which are disposed side-byside to screen off the roof of the tunnel as the tunnel is being advanced. These elongate elements are moved up collectively or individually in accordance with the progress of driving the tunnel which is accomplished by a cutting head or by some other equipment operating beneath the shield.
  • a general object of the invention is to provide an improved form of a tunnel driving apparatus.
  • a tunnel driving apparatus comprising relatively movable individually braceable support assemblies each support assembly being composed of roof support members and floor beams interconnected by telescopic props, the roof support members extending, in use, across the tunnel and the floor rails extending, in use, along the tunnel, means for effecting relative movement between the assemblies in the direction of advancement of the tunnel, a shield composed of a plurality of elongate elements extending, in use, along the tunnel and carried by the roof support members of the assemblies, guide means for permitting the elongate elements to move longitudinally whilst being retained on the roof support members and means for moving the elements in the direction of advancement of the tunnel.
  • the apparatus would work in conjunction with a cutting head or the like in driving a tunnel and the rear end of the tunnel would be supported by tubular sections, usually of concrete, installed end-to-end.
  • the roof support members may each be of arcuate shape with a radius of curvature in conformity with that of the roof of the tunnel which is driven.
  • some form of guide means is provided for guiding the elongate elements for said slidable movement and for retaining the elements on the roof support members.
  • Such a guide means can be constructed form hook-like guide elements on the support members which engage over flanges formed at the sides of the elongate elements.
  • Preferably two support assemblies are provided each having two arcuate roof support members and two floor rails interconnected by inclined props.
  • the floor rails of each assembly are spaced apart laterally of the tunnel and its roof support members are spaced apart longitudinally of the tunnel with each floor rail of one assembly being disposed alongside one of the floor rails of the other assembly and with each support member of one assembly being disposed alongside one of the support members of the other assembly.
  • Further girders can be used to interconnect the roof support members of each assembly and these girders may be arranged one between another. The components of the support assemblies are thus combined in a positional sense so that the assemblies form a composite structure.
  • the elongate elements of the shield thus rest on four roof support members and the aforesaid guide means ensures that the elements are locked to the members so as to move therewith when the props are extended or retracted, while sliding of the elements is permitted along a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel.
  • the roof support members would be lowered when the props retract but it is feasible to reverse this so that instead the floor rails are raised as the props retract.
  • the floor rails of the assemblies are preferably interconnected by means of shifting rams and further rams may also be disposed between the roof support members of the assemblies. These rams can then he actuated to effect relative movement between the asscm blies and can additionally effect guidance during the shifting operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic part-sectional end view of an apparatus made in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the apparatus, the view being taken along the line IIII of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus with certain parts omitted for the sake of clarity.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4c are diagrammatic representations of part of the apparatus depicting successive stages in the advancing operation.
  • the apparatus is composed of two identical braceable support assemblies each constructed from two arcuate-shaped roof support members connected with hydraulically operated telescopic props to floor beams spaced apart transversely of the tunnel being driven. More particularly, a first support assembly has two arcuate roofengaging members 10, 11 supported by props l2 bearing on floor beams 13 whilst a second assembly has two arcuate roof-engaging members l5, 16 supported by props 17 on floor beams 19. As can be seen in FIG. I, the props l2, 17 all assume an inclined position.
  • Each prop l2, 17 is connected to the associated roof support members 10, ll, l5, l6 and floor beams l3, 19 with connections, such as ball-and-socket type joints, permitting a certain degree of mobility between these parts.
  • Each roof support member 10, ll, 15, 16 has a radius of curvature commensurate with that of the tunnel roof and extends almost down to the floor of the tunnel.
  • each member 10, ll, 15, I6 is formed as a hollow structure such as a box girder.
  • the members 10, l l of the first assembly are interconnected by means of a series of members 14 extending longitudinally of the tunnel.
  • the members l5, 16 of the second assembly are also interconnected by means of a series of members 18 extending longitudinally of the tunnel.
  • the members l4, 18 are in the form of conventional I-shaped girders as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the two support assemblies are so arranged that the longitudinal members 14 ofthe first assembly areinterposed with the longitudinal members 18 of the second assembly and vice versa as depicted in FIG. 1. Also, as represented in FIG. 3, the roof support members 10, 11 of the first assembly are disposed, respectively, adjacent the roof support members 15, 16 of the second assembly so that each roof support member lies alongside a corresponding roof support member of the other assembly. In a similar manner, each of the floor rails 13 of the first assembly is located alongside one of the floor rails 19 of the second assembly.
  • This advancement means is basically in the form of hydraulic rams 20 which, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, are each connected between the adjacent floor rails 13, 19 of the assemblies.
  • Each ram 20, which additionally serves to ensure that the beams 13, 19 are guided to maintain their mutual parallelism, has a central cylinder attached to one of the associated beams 13, 19 and a piston rod 21 which projects from both ends of the cylinder and is attached at each end to the other of the beams 19, 13.
  • further rams 22 are operably disposed between the innermost roof support members 11, and assist the rams in effecting advancement of the assemblies.
  • These further rams 22, of which there are six in the illustrated embodiment, are uniformly distributed around the members 11, 15.
  • a screen or shield composed of a series of elongate elements in the form of cutter planks 23 or strips are supported on the members 10, 11, 15, 16 to contact the roof of the tunnel.
  • Each plank 23 has a cutting edge 24' at its forward end and is guided for movement longitudinally whilst restrained from moving away from the members 10, 11, 15 and 16.
  • the support members 10, ll, l5, 16 are each provided with hook-like guide elements 24 on its upper side.
  • the planks 23 are provided with laterally-extending flanges 25 and the elements 24 project over these flanges 25 to allow the planks 23 to slide longitudinally whilst being retained on the members 10, l l, l5, 16.
  • planks 23 are provided with inclined skirts 26 at their sides. These skirts 26 incline outwardly in a direction towards the support members 10, 11, 15, and 16 and project over the guide elements 24.
  • the side portions 27 of the skirts 26 of adjacent planks 23 are shaped in a complementary manner to extend over one another and act as a further guiding and retaining means.
  • each plank 23 is located on the underside of each plank 23 so as to be effectively accommodated within the plank 23.
  • Each of these units 28 has its cylinder connected to a thrust linkage 29 which bears on the support member 11 and its piston rod 30 pivotably connected to a bracket 32 affixed to the underside of the associated plank 23. In this way, each plank 23 can be selectively advanced by operation of the associated unit 28.
  • FIGS. 4a to 40 The operation of the apparatus will now be described with particular reference to FIGS. 4a to 40.
  • the planks 23 are advanced in the direction of arrow V (FIG. 3) either sequentially or collectively by means of the units 28.
  • the planks 23 are guided for longitudinal sliding over the members 10, 11, 15 and 16.
  • the support assemblies are advanced in turn.
  • the props 12, for example, are rclieved of load and partly retracted and the rams 20, 22 are operated so that the first support assembly is advanced to the position represented in FIG. 4b.
  • the props I7 remain fully braced so that the second assembly forms an abutment for the thrust forces of the rams 20, 22.
  • the props 12 are re-set to brace the support members 10, l 1 against the roof and the props 17 are conversely relieved.
  • the rams 20, 22 are then operated, by charging the pressure fluid in the opposite sense to before, to draw up the second assembly to the position shown in FIG. 40.
  • the material at the working face of the tunnel would normally be cut away and removed by ancilliary equipment, such as a cutting head, which forms no part of the present invention as such.
  • ancilliary equipment such as a cutting head
  • the rear end of the tunnel can be supported by installing tubes of concrete in known manner so that the apparatus only operates at the forward end of the tunnel.
  • the floor beams 13 or 19 can be raised from the floor of the tunnel. This necessitates a modified form for the props 12, 17 so that effectively these are inverted, at least in an operative sense and also appropriate vertical guidance and mobility for the rams 20 is required. Such guidance and mobility can be achieved for example by providing vertically-oriented guideways as connections between the rams 20 and the floor beams 13, 19.
  • a tunnel driving apparatus comprising:
  • each assembly having:
  • a shield including a plurality of elongate elements extending along the tunnel and slidably carried by the roof support members;
  • D. means for moving the elongate elements in the direction of advancement of the tunnel.
  • each of the roof support members is of arcuate shape with a radius of curvature in conformity with that of the roof of the tunnel which is driven.
  • each support assembly has two floor rails spaced apart transversely of the tunnel which is driven, each of the floor rails of a first assembly being disposed alongside one of the floor rails of a second assembly and being connected thereto with one of said rams.
  • each support assembly has two roof support members spaced apart longitudinally of the tunnel which is being driven, each of the support members ofa first assembly being disposed alongside one of the support members of a second assembly.
  • each elongate element of the shield has a cutting edge at its forward end.
  • each elongate element of the shield is provided with laterally-extending flanges at the sides and the guide means includes hook-like guide elements provided on at least some of the roof support members and projecting over the flanges of the elongate elements.
  • each elongate element of the shield has skirts at the sides which incline outwardly in a direction towards the roof support members, the adjacent skirts of adjacent elements projecting over the guide elements and engaging on one another.
  • the means for effecting movement of the elongate elements of the shield includes hydraulic piston and cylinder units each provided on one of the elongate elements, each piston and cylinder unit being operably connected between the associated element and one of the roof support members of the assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
US405510A 1972-10-13 1973-10-11 Tunnel driving apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3866426A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2250296A DE2250296C3 (de) 1972-10-13 1972-10-13 Messerschild-Vortriebseinrichtung zum Vortrieb unterirdischer Hohlräume, wie insbesondere Tunnel, Stollen u.dgl

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3866426A true US3866426A (en) 1975-02-18

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US405510A Expired - Lifetime US3866426A (en) 1972-10-13 1973-10-11 Tunnel driving apparatus

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3866426A (de)
JP (1) JPS5633559B2 (de)
DE (1) DE2250296C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2202985B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1442342A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4265565A (en) * 1977-09-24 1981-05-05 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Tunnel drive shield
US4482270A (en) * 1982-02-25 1984-11-13 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Drive shields for tunnel-driving apparatus
CN113565545A (zh) * 2021-09-03 2021-10-29 河北东风世景轨道有限公司 一种隧道防水板挂布台车
US20220364469A1 (en) * 2020-04-09 2022-11-17 Shandong Jianzhu University Composite support structure, construction system, and method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2901054A1 (de) * 1979-01-12 1980-07-17 Salzgitter Maschinen Ag Vorlaeufiger streckenausbau fuer durchbaubetriebe in strecken des untertaegigen bergbaus
KR102573284B1 (ko) * 2018-09-19 2023-09-01 삼성전자주식회사 신호의 대역폭에 따라 안테나 설정을 변경하는 전자 장치 및 제어 방법

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275910A (en) * 1916-08-31 1918-08-13 James W Hamilton Method of and apparatus for constructing tunnels.
US3115754A (en) * 1959-01-23 1963-12-31 Dowty Mining Equipment Ltd Mining shield
US3434389A (en) * 1965-01-21 1969-03-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Automatic sequence cycle controlled advanceable mining prop arrangement
US3621661A (en) * 1968-11-05 1971-11-23 Gullick Dobson Ltd Mine roof supports

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE618695C (de) * 1931-10-20 1935-09-13 Franz Jansen Dr Ing Vortriebsschild zur Herstellung von Tunneln, Schaechten u. dgl.
DE1089710B (de) * 1958-12-27 1960-09-29 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Ausbaukammer fuer Streckenvortriebe, insbesondere im untertaegigen Bergbau
DE2021734C3 (de) * 1970-05-04 1978-08-31 Heinz-Theo Dipl.-Ing. 5300 Bonn Walbroehl Wanderabstützungsgerüst für den Ausbruch von Stollen oder Tunneln

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275910A (en) * 1916-08-31 1918-08-13 James W Hamilton Method of and apparatus for constructing tunnels.
US3115754A (en) * 1959-01-23 1963-12-31 Dowty Mining Equipment Ltd Mining shield
US3434389A (en) * 1965-01-21 1969-03-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Automatic sequence cycle controlled advanceable mining prop arrangement
US3621661A (en) * 1968-11-05 1971-11-23 Gullick Dobson Ltd Mine roof supports

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4265565A (en) * 1977-09-24 1981-05-05 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Tunnel drive shield
US4482270A (en) * 1982-02-25 1984-11-13 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Drive shields for tunnel-driving apparatus
US20220364469A1 (en) * 2020-04-09 2022-11-17 Shandong Jianzhu University Composite support structure, construction system, and method
US11739639B2 (en) * 2020-04-09 2023-08-29 Shandong Jianzhu University Composite support structure, construction system, and method
CN113565545A (zh) * 2021-09-03 2021-10-29 河北东风世景轨道有限公司 一种隧道防水板挂布台车
CN113565545B (zh) * 2021-09-03 2022-05-10 河北东风世景轨道有限公司 一种隧道防水板挂布台车

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2250296A1 (de) 1974-04-25
FR2202985B1 (de) 1977-02-04
JPS5633559B2 (de) 1981-08-04
DE2250296B2 (de) 1977-07-21
DE2250296C3 (de) 1978-03-16
JPS4972933A (de) 1974-07-15
FR2202985A1 (de) 1974-05-10
GB1442342A (en) 1976-07-14

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