US3720257A - Method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal - Google Patents

Method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3720257A
US3720257A US00099521A US3720257DA US3720257A US 3720257 A US3720257 A US 3720257A US 00099521 A US00099521 A US 00099521A US 3720257D A US3720257D A US 3720257DA US 3720257 A US3720257 A US 3720257A
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Prior art keywords
carbon fiber
reinforced metal
nickel
carbon fibers
melt
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US00099521A
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A Perry
H Beutler
Lamotte E De
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
BBC Brown Boveri France SA
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BBC Brown Boveri France SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12625—Free carbon containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12743—Next to refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal wherein the carbon fibers are first coated with nickel, the coated fibers are then combined with a melt of the metal heated in a crucible under a vacuum or protec- 8-Claims, No Drawings METHOD OF PRODUCING CARBON FIBER- REINFORCED METAL troduce carbon fibers into various'metals, which did not bring, however, the expected result in most cases. This seems to be due to the difficulty of achieving a good wetting between the metallic melt and the carbon fibers. For example, attempts at casting pure aluminum or copper around commercial carbon fibers failed completely.
  • the general object of this invention is to provide a method which does not suffer from these disadvantages.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that carbon fibers, whose surface is completely covered with nickel, are surrounded with a metallic melt whose temperature is below the melting temperature of nickel, and allowed to solidify to a compound material.
  • the molten metal consists preferably of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Copper or tin or copper or tin alloys can also'be of advantage for certain uses.
  • the fibers whose starting material was polyacrylicnitrile were first provided electrolytically with a copper coat varying in thickness from 20 to 100 A in order to increase the uniformity of the fiber surface and the electric conductivity of the fibers; subsequently the fibers were covered electrolytically with a nickel coat varying in thickness between 0.l and 1 micron. Then the nickel coated fibers were brought into a crucible with aluminum pieces. The crucible was then heated to the melting point of the aluminum under a vacuum of 10" mm Hg, so that the fibers become surrounded by liquid aluminum. To keep the contact time between the fibers and the liquid metallic melt short, the temperature was brought below the melting point again after 1 to 20 seconds, to allow the aluminum to solidify again after this time. The crucible consisted of graphite and was heated electrically by current induction. The same procedures were carried out with nickel coated carbon fibers and surrounding copper, tin or aluminum-,
  • Tests showed that it is possible to reinforce in this manner a metal with carbon fibers without impairing the good properties of the latter, that the carbon fibers thus treated are uniformly distributed in the metal compound materials with improved properties within a wide range of specific temperatures, cooling rate and chemical composition.
  • the starting material of the carbon fibers is preferably polyacrylic-nitrile.
  • the metallic melt can also contain alloying additions which reduce the specific surface tension of the melt with respect to the carbon fibers.
  • Carbon compound materials can be used, for example, in lightconstruction, where a high specific strength is required. Examples are centrifugal motors, turbine blades, compressor blades and moving parts in looms.
  • Carbon fiber/copper compound materials have good electrical properties and increased strength. Examples for the use of such a material are, for example, locomotive'pantographs, trolley wires and liquid-cooled tubular conductors.
  • Carbon fiber/tin/alloycompound materials have increased strength and improved friction properties. Examples can be found in the highly stressed babbitbearings for diesel engines and turbo rotors.
  • the method of producing a carbon fiber-reinforced metal body which comprises the sequence of steps of enhancing the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers by initially covering them with a copper coating having a thickness of from 20 to A; completely covering the copper-coated surfaces of the carbon fibers with a uniform layer of nickel having a thickness not greater than 1 micron; surrounding said nickel-coated carbon fibers, in a non-oxidizing environment, with a melt of a metal having a melting temperature lower than that of nickel; and solidifying the melt to a carbon fiber-reinforced metal body.

Abstract

A method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal wherein the carbon fibers are first coated with nickel, the coated fibers are then combined with a melt of the metal heated in a crucible under a vacuum or protective gaseous atmosphere to exclude the possibility of oxidation and which is then allowed to solidify. Suitable materials for the metallic melt are aluminum, copper, tin and alloys of these metals all of which meet the requirement of a melting temperature lower than that of nickel.

Description

' United States Patent 1 m1 Be'utler et al.
[ 1March 13, 1973 METHOD OF PRODUCING CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED METAL [75] Inventors: Hans Beutler, Sulz; Emmanuel De Lamotte Oberrohrdotf; Anthony James Perry, Nussbaumen, all of Switzerland [73] Assignee: Aktiengesellschalt Brown, Boveri &
Cie, Baden, Switzerland [22] Filed: Dec. 18, 1970 [21] App1.No.: 99,521
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Jan, 7, 1970 "Switzerland "96/70 [52] U.S.Cl. ....l64/75, 164/100, 164/108, 29/191 [51] Int. Cl. ..B22d 19/00 [58] Field of Search ..164/46, 61, 66, 68, 75,100, 164/108,333;29/191,195C
[5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,314,603 9/1919 Mott ..29/195C 3,097,931 7/1963 Davidson et a1. 29/195 C 3,384,463 5/1968 Olstowski et al. ..29/l91 X 3,473,900 10/1969 Sara ..29/1)5 3,547,180 12/1970 Cochran et a1.- i i ..164/61 3,622,283 Sara ..-......29/191 C Primary Examiner-R. Spencer Annear Atlorney-Pierce, Scheffler & Parker [57] ABSTRACT A method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal wherein the carbon fibers are first coated with nickel, the coated fibers are then combined with a melt of the metal heated in a crucible under a vacuum or protec- 8-Claims, No Drawings METHOD OF PRODUCING CARBON FIBER- REINFORCED METAL troduce carbon fibers into various'metals, which did not bring, however, the expected result in most cases. This seems to be due to the difficulty of achieving a good wetting between the metallic melt and the carbon fibers. For example, attempts at casting pure aluminum or copper around commercial carbon fibers failed completely. Other methods, such as the application from the gaseous-phase, by electrolysis, or in powder form in combination with hot pressing are much more complicated and thus more expensive than melt infilmatrix, and that it is possible to produce in thismanner tration. Moreover, these methods frequently lead to mechanical, chemical or structural deterioration of the carbon fibers.
The general object of this invention is to provide a method which does not suffer from these disadvantages.
The method according to the invention is characterized in that carbon fibers, whose surface is completely covered with nickel, are surrounded with a metallic melt whose temperature is below the melting temperature of nickel, and allowed to solidify to a compound material. The molten metal consists preferably of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Copper or tin or copper or tin alloys can also'be of advantage for certain uses.
It is advisable when joining the metal with the nickelcoated carbon fibers to keep the latter under such a vacuum or protective gas that no oxidation takes place between the individual components. Furthermore, it is of advantage to keep the time of contact between the nickel-coated carbon fibers and the surrounding metallic melt as short as possible, in order to avoid orat least reduce harmful reactions between the melt and the fibers. The invention will be described more fully on the basis of the following examples.
In order to reinforce aluminum with carbon fibers, the fibers whose starting material was polyacrylicnitrile were first provided electrolytically with a copper coat varying in thickness from 20 to 100 A in order to increase the uniformity of the fiber surface and the electric conductivity of the fibers; subsequently the fibers were covered electrolytically with a nickel coat varying in thickness between 0.l and 1 micron. Then the nickel coated fibers were brought into a crucible with aluminum pieces. The crucible was then heated to the melting point of the aluminum under a vacuum of 10" mm Hg, so that the fibers become surrounded by liquid aluminum. To keep the contact time between the fibers and the liquid metallic melt short, the temperature was brought below the melting point again after 1 to 20 seconds, to allow the aluminum to solidify again after this time. The crucible consisted of graphite and was heated electrically by current induction. The same procedures were carried out with nickel coated carbon fibers and surrounding copper, tin or aluminum-,
copperor tin-alloys.
Tests showed that it is possible to reinforce in this manner a metal with carbon fibers without impairing the good properties of the latter, that the carbon fibers thus treated are uniformly distributed in the metal compound materials with improved properties within a wide range of specific temperatures, cooling rate and chemical composition.
When using metallic melts which yield a brittle intermediate structure when they solidify with the nickel coat of the carbon fibers, one shouldendeavor to keep the thickness of the nickel coat as small as possible. This can be achieved, for example, by depositing the nickel coat by chemical reaction from the gaseous phase. I e
The starting material of the carbon fibers is preferably polyacrylic-nitrile. The metallic melt can also contain alloying additions which reduce the specific surface tension of the melt with respect to the carbon fibers. Carbon compound materials can be used, for example, in lightconstruction, where a high specific strength is required. Examples are centrifugal motors, turbine blades, compressor blades and moving parts in looms.
Carbon fiber/copper compound materials have good electrical properties and increased strength. Examples for the use of such a material are, for example, locomotive'pantographs, trolley wires and liquid-cooled tubular conductors.
Carbon fiber/tin/alloycompound materials have increased strength and improved friction properties. Examples can be found in the highly stressed babbitbearings for diesel engines and turbo rotors.
We claim:
1. The method of producing a carbon fiber-reinforced metal body which comprises the sequence of steps of enhancing the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers by initially covering them with a copper coating having a thickness of from 20 to A; completely covering the copper-coated surfaces of the carbon fibers with a uniform layer of nickel having a thickness not greater than 1 micron; surrounding said nickel-coated carbon fibers, in a non-oxidizing environment, with a melt of a metal having a melting temperature lower than that of nickel; and solidifying the melt to a carbon fiber-reinforced metal body. I
2. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic melt is constituted by aluminum or an alloy thereof.
3. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic melt is constituted by copper or an alloy thereof.
4. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic melt is constituted by tin or an alloy thereof.
5. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein the nickel which covers the copper-coated carbon fibers has a thickness of less than 1 micron.
6. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein the step of surrounding the nickel coated carbon fibers with the metallic melt is carried out under a vacuum of at least 10" mm Hg.
7. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein the starting material for the carbon fibers is polyacrylic-nitrile.
8. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein the metallic melt includes alloying additives which serve to reduce the specific surface tension of the melt with respect to the carbon fibers.

Claims (7)

1. The method of producing a carbon fiber-reinforced metal body which comprises the sequence of steps of enhancing the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers by initially covering them with a copper coating having a thickness of from 20 to 100 A; completely covering the copper-coated surfaces of the carbon fibers with a uniform layer of nickel having a thickness not greater than 1 micron; surrounding said nickel-coated carbon fibers, in a non-oxidizing environment, with a melt of a metal having a melting temperature lower than that of nickel; and solidifying the melt to a carbon fiber-reinforced metal body.
2. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic melt is constituted by aluminum or an alloy thereof.
3. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic melt is constituted by copper or an alloy thereof.
4. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic melt is constituted by tin or an alloy thereof.
5. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein the nickel which covers the copper-coated carbon fibers has a thickness of less than 1 micron.
6. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein the step of surrounding the nickel coated carbon fibers with the metallic melt is carried out under a vacuum of at least 10 4 mm Hg.
7. The method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal as defined in claim 1 wherein the starting material for the carbon fibers is polyacrylic-nitrile.
US00099521A 1970-01-07 1970-12-18 Method of producing carbon fiber-reinforced metal Expired - Lifetime US3720257A (en)

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CH9670A CH516644A (en) 1970-01-07 1970-01-07 Process for the production of metal reinforced with carbon fibers

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GB (1) GB1302331A (en)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3907514A (en) * 1972-10-19 1975-09-23 Pure Carbon Company Inc Aluminum carbon composite seal material
US3918141A (en) * 1974-04-12 1975-11-11 Fiber Materials Method of producing a graphite-fiber-reinforced metal composite
US3938579A (en) * 1970-09-10 1976-02-17 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Method of producing composite bearing materials
US4223075A (en) * 1977-01-21 1980-09-16 The Aerospace Corporation Graphite fiber, metal matrix composite
US4226917A (en) * 1977-04-15 1980-10-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Composite joint system including composite structure of carbon fibers embedded in copper matrix
FR2497843A1 (en) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-16 Material Concepts Inc METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FIBER-REINFORCED METAL COMPOSITE
US4357985A (en) * 1981-03-26 1982-11-09 Material Concepts, Inc. Method of isothermally forming a copper base alloy fiber reinforced composite
DE3202957A1 (en) * 1982-01-29 1983-08-11 Material Concepts, Inc., Columbus, Ohio Process for the treatment of a graphite or ceramic fibre
US4522889A (en) * 1983-01-20 1985-06-11 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Lightning protection composite material
US4609449A (en) * 1982-03-16 1986-09-02 American Cyanamid Company Apparatus for the production of continuous yarns or tows comprising high strength metal coated fibers
US4685236A (en) * 1984-05-30 1987-08-11 Sam May Graphite/metal matrix gun barrel
US4690793A (en) * 1983-02-18 1987-09-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Nuclear fusion reactor
WO1988003854A1 (en) * 1986-11-26 1988-06-02 Sundstrand Corporation Composite, method of forming a composite, and article of manufacture
US4929513A (en) * 1987-06-17 1990-05-29 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Preform wire for a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composite material and a method for manufacturing the same
US5089356A (en) * 1990-09-17 1992-02-18 The Research Foundation Of State Univ. Of New York Carbon fiber reinforced tin-lead alloy as a low thermal expansion solder preform
US5244748A (en) * 1989-01-27 1993-09-14 Technical Research Associates, Inc. Metal matrix coated fiber composites and the methods of manufacturing such composites
US5259437A (en) * 1990-07-31 1993-11-09 Pechiney Recherche Method of obtaining bimaterial parts by moulding
US5385195A (en) * 1991-10-23 1995-01-31 Inco Limited Nickel coated carbon preforms
US5678298A (en) * 1991-03-21 1997-10-21 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
US5803153A (en) * 1994-05-19 1998-09-08 Rohatgi; Pradeep K. Nonferrous cast metal matrix composites
US5981083A (en) * 1993-01-08 1999-11-09 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
US20030180527A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2003-09-25 Moritz Bauer Composite containing reinforcing fibers comprising carbon
US6736187B2 (en) * 2000-08-31 2004-05-18 Yazaki Corporation Molten metal infiltrating method and molten metal infiltrating apparatus
US20150375321A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 General Electric Company Fiber reinforced brazed components and methods

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894677A (en) * 1971-03-24 1975-07-15 Nasa Method of preparing graphite reinforced aluminum composite
US3827129A (en) * 1972-01-06 1974-08-06 British Railways Board Methods of producing a metal and carbon fibre composite
FR2167283B1 (en) * 1972-01-11 1974-06-21 Unelec
JPS57155336A (en) * 1981-03-20 1982-09-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd Production of fiber-reinforced composite body
GB2219006A (en) * 1988-05-26 1989-11-29 Rolls Royce Plc Coated fibre for use in a metal matrix
FR2704479B1 (en) * 1993-04-30 1995-06-02 Thomson Csf Carbon fiber composite plates in a copper matrix and their manufacturing processes.

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US1314603A (en) * 1919-09-02 Electrode coating
US3097931A (en) * 1956-10-29 1963-07-16 Gen Electric Co Ltd Methods of joining graphitic surfaces
US3384463A (en) * 1965-03-22 1968-05-21 Dow Chemical Co Graphite metal body composite
US3473900A (en) * 1967-02-21 1969-10-21 Union Carbide Corp Aluminum-carbon fiber composites
US3547180A (en) * 1968-08-26 1970-12-15 Aluminum Co Of America Production of reinforced composites
US3622283A (en) * 1967-05-17 1971-11-23 Union Carbide Corp Tin-carbon fiber composites

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1314603A (en) * 1919-09-02 Electrode coating
US3097931A (en) * 1956-10-29 1963-07-16 Gen Electric Co Ltd Methods of joining graphitic surfaces
US3384463A (en) * 1965-03-22 1968-05-21 Dow Chemical Co Graphite metal body composite
US3473900A (en) * 1967-02-21 1969-10-21 Union Carbide Corp Aluminum-carbon fiber composites
US3622283A (en) * 1967-05-17 1971-11-23 Union Carbide Corp Tin-carbon fiber composites
US3547180A (en) * 1968-08-26 1970-12-15 Aluminum Co Of America Production of reinforced composites

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938579A (en) * 1970-09-10 1976-02-17 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Method of producing composite bearing materials
US3907514A (en) * 1972-10-19 1975-09-23 Pure Carbon Company Inc Aluminum carbon composite seal material
US3918141A (en) * 1974-04-12 1975-11-11 Fiber Materials Method of producing a graphite-fiber-reinforced metal composite
US4223075A (en) * 1977-01-21 1980-09-16 The Aerospace Corporation Graphite fiber, metal matrix composite
US4226917A (en) * 1977-04-15 1980-10-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Composite joint system including composite structure of carbon fibers embedded in copper matrix
US4341823A (en) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-27 Material Concepts, Inc. Method of fabricating a fiber reinforced metal composite
FR2497843A1 (en) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-16 Material Concepts Inc METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FIBER-REINFORCED METAL COMPOSITE
US4357985A (en) * 1981-03-26 1982-11-09 Material Concepts, Inc. Method of isothermally forming a copper base alloy fiber reinforced composite
DE3202957A1 (en) * 1982-01-29 1983-08-11 Material Concepts, Inc., Columbus, Ohio Process for the treatment of a graphite or ceramic fibre
US4609449A (en) * 1982-03-16 1986-09-02 American Cyanamid Company Apparatus for the production of continuous yarns or tows comprising high strength metal coated fibers
US4522889A (en) * 1983-01-20 1985-06-11 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Lightning protection composite material
US4690793A (en) * 1983-02-18 1987-09-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Nuclear fusion reactor
US4685236A (en) * 1984-05-30 1987-08-11 Sam May Graphite/metal matrix gun barrel
US4817853A (en) * 1986-11-26 1989-04-04 Sundstrand Corporation Composite, method of forming a composite, and article of manufacture
WO1988003854A1 (en) * 1986-11-26 1988-06-02 Sundstrand Corporation Composite, method of forming a composite, and article of manufacture
US4929513A (en) * 1987-06-17 1990-05-29 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Preform wire for a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composite material and a method for manufacturing the same
US5244748A (en) * 1989-01-27 1993-09-14 Technical Research Associates, Inc. Metal matrix coated fiber composites and the methods of manufacturing such composites
US5259437A (en) * 1990-07-31 1993-11-09 Pechiney Recherche Method of obtaining bimaterial parts by moulding
US5089356A (en) * 1990-09-17 1992-02-18 The Research Foundation Of State Univ. Of New York Carbon fiber reinforced tin-lead alloy as a low thermal expansion solder preform
US5678298A (en) * 1991-03-21 1997-10-21 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
US5578386A (en) * 1991-10-23 1996-11-26 Inco Limited Nickel coated carbon preforms
US5385195A (en) * 1991-10-23 1995-01-31 Inco Limited Nickel coated carbon preforms
US5981083A (en) * 1993-01-08 1999-11-09 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
US5803153A (en) * 1994-05-19 1998-09-08 Rohatgi; Pradeep K. Nonferrous cast metal matrix composites
US6736187B2 (en) * 2000-08-31 2004-05-18 Yazaki Corporation Molten metal infiltrating method and molten metal infiltrating apparatus
US20030180527A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2003-09-25 Moritz Bauer Composite containing reinforcing fibers comprising carbon
US7138190B2 (en) * 2002-03-21 2006-11-21 Sgl Carbon Ag Composite containing reinforcing fibers comprising carbon
US20150375321A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 General Electric Company Fiber reinforced brazed components and methods
US9333578B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-05-10 General Electric Company Fiber reinforced brazed components and methods

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GB1302331A (en) 1973-01-10
DE2016734A1 (en) 1971-07-15
FR2075256A5 (en) 1971-10-08
CH516644A (en) 1971-12-15

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