CN103757460A - Electric brush with age-hardening effect and use thereof - Google Patents
Electric brush with age-hardening effect and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103757460A CN103757460A CN201410019995.6A CN201410019995A CN103757460A CN 103757460 A CN103757460 A CN 103757460A CN 201410019995 A CN201410019995 A CN 201410019995A CN 103757460 A CN103757460 A CN 103757460A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric brush with an age-hardening effect. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30-40% of Ag, 12-20% of Cu, 0.5-2.5% of Pt, 0.1-1.5% of Au, 0.5-2.0% of Zn and the balance of Pd; the alloy contains ordered phases Cu3Pt and Cu3Au through solid-solution treatment and aging treatment. The material contains the ordered phases Cu3Pt and Cu3Au, and thus is improved in hardness and wearability at a high temperature; the material is applicable to the working layer of the electric brush of a small-sized direct-current motor at an environment temperature ranging from 80 DEG C to 150 DEG C; the alloy is combined on the surface of the copper alloy, so that the cost can be saved and the mechanical properties can be improved, and therefore, the properties of the two layers of materials can be developed sufficiently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metallic substance, particularly a kind of Cu that contains
3pt and/or Cu
3the silver-colored palladium of the aging hardening effect of Au ordered phase is high temperature sliding type alloy as electric contact material and purposes.
Background technology
Reverser and brush plate are the core components of small-sized DC motor, the Main Load that in work, it bears is the sliding friction under live condition, the damage that sliding frictional wear and arc erosion cause material is that reverser and brush lost efficacy, and the major cause that finally causes micromotor to lose efficacy.And, electrically contact in process the material production recrystallize that the temperature rise meeting producing due to mechanical friction and galvanic action makes work hardening, reduce its hardness and wear resistance, further aggravated the mechanical wear of material.
Especially, when direct current micromotor works in hot environment (more than 80 ℃), because envrionment temperature is high, the radiating effect of motor declines, and the temperature rise of brush and reverser contact surface is compared with significantly raising under normal temperature condition, and the softening and wearing and tearing of material are more serious, usually cause brush layer of precious metal to wear away in early days, and and then aggravation electric arc, cause the serious arc erosion of material even to rupture, the micromotor life-span is significantly shortened.Therefore,, under this condition, the high temperature abrasion resistance of brush material seems and is even more important.
The brush alloy generally using is at present mainly AgPd binary alloy, Chinese invention patent 201110092385 has reported that interpolation Cu, RE and alkali-metal palladium-silver are brush alloy, more traditional AgPd binary alloy has better wear resistance, and due to the solution strengthening of Cu, containing the precipitation strength of rare earth intermetallic compound, and the alkali-metal arc extinguishing effect of low melting point, the brush made from this alloy shows comparatively excellent effect in temperature in up to the environment of 70 ℃.Yet, in use, find, when envrionment temperature is elevated to 80～150 ℃, the wearing and tearing meeting of this class brush is significantly accelerated, and arc erosion aggravation, is difficult to meet service requirements.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency that the present invention is directed to the existing brush alloy material described in background technology, provides a kind of brush alloy with aging hardening effect, and this material contains Cu
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, has higher hardness, and under brush working conditions, the decline that its hardness raises with temperature is very little, still can keep higher hardness and wear resistance in the Working environment of 80～150 ℃, has met the service requirements of high temperature micromotor.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The brush alloy with aging hardening effect, the weight percentage of each component is:
Above-mentioned brush alloy contains Cu
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, in order to guarantee Cu
3pt and Cu
3separating out of Au ordered phase, the material that said components is made need carry out solution treatment and ageing treatment, and wherein the holding temperature of solution treatment is 850～950 ℃, soaking time>=2min, water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently; The holding temperature of ageing treatment is 350～500 ℃, soaking time>=2min, and water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently.
For small DC electric motor brush, use slip electric contact composite material, take above-mentioned alloy as working lining, copper alloy is basic unit, wherein, and all or part of surface that covers copper alloy of described working lining.
Above-mentioned brush alloy or matrix material can be brushed for small DC electric motor.
Above-mentioned brush can be for small-sized DC motor.
In the present invention, Ag is the best metallic element of electroconductibility, and there is good corrosion resistance nature, it is the first-selected element of sliding type alloy as electric contact material, for brush material provides conduction and corrosion resistant basic guarantee, but the mechanical property of pure Ag is not enough, anti-curability is poor, be subject to arc erosion and melting welding, therefore must carry out its advantage of alloying competence exertion with other element.In thering is the high temperature resistant brush alloy of aging hardening effect, if the content of Ag lower than 30%, the electroconductibility of alloy declines, and affects the output torque of motor; If the content of Ag is greater than 40%, anti electric arc corrosion ability reduces, and brush is easily by arc erosion and even fracture.
In the present invention, Cu is also the very outstanding element of electroconductibility, and can produce good strengthening effect by alloy.In alloy of the present invention, part Cu is dissolved in the sosoloid of Pd and Ag, produces solution strengthening effect; The more important thing is, some Cu can with alloy in Pt form ordered phase Cu
3pt, and form ordered phase Cu with Au
3au, by suitable solid solution and ageing treatment, these two kinds of ordered phases can be separated out in ag(e)ing process, produce significant ageing strengthening effect, put forward heavy alloyed hardness and wear resistance, and these ordered phase high-temperature stabilities are fine, when this brush alloy working temperature reaches 80～150 ℃, still can very effectively keep its strengthening effect, thereby greatly improve the high temperature abrasion resistance of brush, meet the applied at elevated temperature requirement of motor.If Cu content, lower than 12%, can not be brought into play ageing strengthening effect effectively, if Cu content, higher than 20%, can fall low-alloyed antioxidant property, in hot environment, easily there is too much oxide film and increase contact resistance.
In the present invention, the Main Function of Pt and Au is to form ordered phase and produce ageing strengthening effect with Cu, also can carry heavy alloyed oxidation resistant corrosion resistance nature simultaneously.Two kinds of elements coordinate the effect of adding to be better than adding separately a kind of element, because being used in conjunction with of two kinds of different ordered phases is conducive to keep the tiny of ordered phase and is uniformly distributed, guarantee that strengthening effect does not decline in long-term hot environment use procedure.If the addition of these two kinds of elements, lower than lower limit of the present invention, can not obtain enough ageing strengthening effects; If higher than the upper limit, reduce alloy conductive on the one hand, also increase on the other hand cost of alloy.
In the present invention, Zn is the element of a kind of low melting point, lower boiling, high-vapor-pressure, and its Main Function in alloy is, 1) Zn can replace ordered phase Cu
3pt and/or Cu
3part Cu in Au, forms more complicated ordered phase, improves the high-temperature stability of these ordered phases, and further strengthening material, improves the work-ing life under high temperature; 2) while producing electric arc in brush working process, the Zn arc extinguishing that can volatilize.If Zn content is lower than 0.5%, its strengthening and arc extinguishing effect are not enough; If Zn content is higher than 2%, the electroconductibility of alloy and resistance of oxidation decline.
In the present invention, Pd is the principal element that improves the anti-curability of Ag, and can further improve erosion resistance, also, by putting forward heavy alloyed hardness and wear resistance with the solid solution of Ag, its fusing point is higher, also be conducive to improve the anti-electric-arc performance of alloy, in alloy of the present invention, as surplus element, exist.
Alloy of the present invention need to could effectively be brought into play its good action by suitable solid solution and ageing treatment.Adopt solution treatment of the present invention, alloying element as much as possible can be dissolved in face-centred cubic AgPd sosoloid, and prevent that these alloying elements from separating out in process of cooling; Ageing treatment can make Cu
3pt and/or Cu
3au ordered phase is even, disperse educt from matrix, brings into play its strengthening effect.
Applicant, by the interaction between systematic study alloying element and with the variation of content and temperature, has optimized the Composition Design of alloy, and in conjunction with solution treatment and ageing treatment, has obtained a kind of Cu of containing
3pt and/or Cu
3au ordered phase has the brush alloy of ageing strengthening effect.This alloy still can keep higher hardness and wear resistance in the Working environment of 80～150 ℃, it is very little that its hardness raises and declines with temperature, can meet the requirement of 80～150 ℃ of high temperature micromotor Service Environment, be suitable as the working lining of the small DC electric motor brush using at 80～150 ℃ of envrionment temperatures.
This alloy is compounded in to the surface of copper alloy, not only can be cost-saving, but also can improve mechanical property, the performance of two layers of material is given full play to.
The brush alloy with aging hardening effect of the present invention, can be directly used in as brush material, also its symbol can be compounded in to the surface of copper alloy, as brush material, use, its principle is to select according to the preparation technology of motor Service Environment and motor.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) adopt material of the present invention to make micro-motor brush, there is significant ageing strengthening effect, and the high-temperature stability of strengthening phase is good, be especially suitable for use as the brush material using under 80～150 ℃ of hot environments.
2) brush alloy of the present invention can adopt the manufacture of conventional vacuum melting technology, and equipment and process technology does not need special transformation, easy to implement in production.
3) while utilizing alloy of the present invention to make stratified composite, the technology and equipment that can adopt existing palladium-silver alloy/copper alloy to electrically contact composite strip is produced, and technology is easy to grasp and implement, and also can not increase production cost.
4) in brush alloy of the present invention, each element scaling loss in fusion process is less, and in process of setting, component segregation is not serious, thereby its composition and homogeneity of ingredients easily guarantee, is suitable for scale operation.
Embodiment
The alloying constituent of embodiment 1 to 12 is in Table 1.
The preparation of above-mentioned alloy and treatment process are:
1) adopt vacuum induction melting to prepare alloy, wherein each element can master alloy form add, and also can form of pure metal add; Can also utilize in production process scrap stock discarded, that composition is qualified as the raw material of preparing new alloy;
2) by preparation alloy cast ingot through techniques such as cogging, rolling, process annealing, drawings, be prepared into band or silk material.
3) adopt hot rolling, warm-rolling or cold rolling compounding technology, above-mentioned band or silk material and copper alloy are carried out compound, be made into stratified composite.
In order to guarantee to contain Cu in alloy
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase, the alloy of preparing by the proportioning described in table 1 need to carry out solution treatment: solid solution temperature is 850～950 ℃, and soaking time is not less than 2min, takes the mode cool to room temperature of air cooling or water-cooled to reach solid solution effect; The technique of ageing treatment is: in protective atmosphere, be heated to 350～500 ℃ of temperature, and insulation, the time is not less than 2min; after insulation; take the mode cool to room temperature of air cooling or water-cooled, reach needed ageing strengthening effect, obtain having the brush alloy of age hardening.This alloy has higher hardness, has significant ageing strengthening effect, and the high-temperature stability of strengthening phase is good, is especially suitable for use as the brush material using under 80～150 ℃ of hot environments.
Above-mentioned age hardening thermal treatment temp and hardness test the results are shown in Table 2.
By rolling compounding technology, above-mentioned alloy is compounded on C7701 copper alloy, be made into a kind of laminar composite, wherein above-mentioned alloy is as working lining, and C7701 is as basic unit.
Then by stating matrix material and be made into the brush of small-sized DC motor, be assemblied in small-sized DC motor, carry out experiment of high-temperature load.Its pairing commutator material is AgCu4Ni0.5RE0.5/TU1.The brush material that is used for contrasting is AgPd50/C7701.
Test condition is as follows:
Probe temperature :+80～150 ℃
Testing load: 8gcm
Test voltage: 8V
Motor speed: 4000rpm
Drive manner: continuously
In test process, by detecting the variation of motor speed and electric current, judge the working order of motor, occur being all judged to be when rotating speed or electric current exceed standard or shut down end of life.
Test result is in Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment 1～12 and Comparative examples A gPd50/C7701 life test result
Conclusion: above-mentioned test result shows, alloy of the present invention has good age hardening effect, at high temperature has good wear resistance.The alloy of the present invention of take is made working lining, copper alloy is made matrix material as basic unit, for making small DC electric motor brush, works, with traditional A under 80～150 ℃ of conditions
gthe made brush of Pd50 alloy is compared, and has longer work-ing life, has reached the object that improves small-sized DC motor high-temperature behavior.
Claims (5)
1. a brush alloy with aging hardening effect, is characterized in that, this alloy compositions comprises that weight percentage Ag is 30～40%; Cu is 12～20%; Pt is 0.5～2.5%; Au is 0.1～1.5%; Zn0.5～2.0%; Surplus is Pd; By solution treatment and ageing treatment, in alloy, contain Cu
3pt and Cu
3au ordered phase.
2. brush alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method for described solution treatment is, holding temperature is 850～950 ℃, soaking time >=2min, and water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently; The method of described ageing treatment is, holding temperature is 350～500 ℃, soaking time >=2min, and water-cooled or air cooling are to room temperature subsequently.
3. for small DC electric motor brush, use slip electric contact composite material, it is characterized in that, it take the alloy of claim 1 is working lining, and copper alloy is basic unit, wherein, and all or part of surface that covers copper alloy of working lining.
4. a small DC electric motor brush, is characterized in that, its right to use requires brush alloy or the matrix material claimed in claim 3 described in 1 or 2.
5. a small-sized DC motor, is characterized in that, its right to use requires the brush described in 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410019995.6A CN103757460B (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2014-01-16 | There is brush alloy and the purposes of aging hardening effect |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410019995.6A CN103757460B (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2014-01-16 | There is brush alloy and the purposes of aging hardening effect |
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| CN103757460A true CN103757460A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| CN103757460B CN103757460B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112063879A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 昆明贵研新材料科技有限公司 | High-conductivity high-elasticity palladium-based alloy, heat treatment process and application |
| CN113178760A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-27 | 瑞安市东成电机配件有限公司 | Silver-copper alloy material for manufacturing commutator copper sheet |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102490A (en) * | 1987-03-28 | 1988-11-23 | 中国有色金属工业总工司昆明贵金属研究所 | Elastic electro-contact alloy of palladium, silver, copper and gallium with high strength |
| JPH01151203A (en) * | 1987-12-08 | 1989-06-14 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of brush for sliding contact |
| JPH05190241A (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-30 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Multiwire bundle sliding contact |
| JPH08283885A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-10-29 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Sliding contact material and clad material and direct current compact motor using the same |
-
2014
- 2014-01-16 CN CN201410019995.6A patent/CN103757460B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102490A (en) * | 1987-03-28 | 1988-11-23 | 中国有色金属工业总工司昆明贵金属研究所 | Elastic electro-contact alloy of palladium, silver, copper and gallium with high strength |
| JPH01151203A (en) * | 1987-12-08 | 1989-06-14 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of brush for sliding contact |
| JPH05190241A (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-30 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Multiwire bundle sliding contact |
| JPH08283885A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-10-29 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Sliding contact material and clad material and direct current compact motor using the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张书仁 等: ""钯银铜金铂锌六元合金的研究"", 《贵金属》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112063879A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 昆明贵研新材料科技有限公司 | High-conductivity high-elasticity palladium-based alloy, heat treatment process and application |
| CN112063879B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-02-18 | 昆明贵研新材料科技有限公司 | High-conductivity high-elasticity palladium-based alloy, heat treatment process and application |
| CN113178760A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-27 | 瑞安市东成电机配件有限公司 | Silver-copper alloy material for manufacturing commutator copper sheet |
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| CN103757460B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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