US2015908A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Automatic firearm Download PDF

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Publication number
US2015908A
US2015908A US712406A US71240634A US2015908A US 2015908 A US2015908 A US 2015908A US 712406 A US712406 A US 712406A US 71240634 A US71240634 A US 71240634A US 2015908 A US2015908 A US 2015908A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
barrel
breech
casing
breech block
lugs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US712406A
Inventor
Rakula Theodor
Herlach Fritz
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WAFFENFABRIK SOLOTHURN AG
Original Assignee
WAFFENFABRIK SOLOTHURN AG
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
    • F41A3/28Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt having fixed locking elements on the non-rotating bolt and rotating locking elements mounted on the barrel or breech housing, e.g. rotatable rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F41A5/14Barrel stops, i.e. devices for holding the recoiling barrel in a predetermined position, e.g. the recoil position
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K47/00Dynamo-electric converters
    • H02K47/12DC/DC converters
    • H02K47/16Single-armature converters, e.g. metadyne

Definitions

  • An object of the invention is to provide means operative in dependence on the forward movement of the breech block relatively to the barrel suitable for this interlock- 10 ing, to automatically couple these two parts with each other in order to ensure the subsequent rotation to complete the interlocking.
  • Ano-ther object 'of the invention is to ensure that the barrel and the breech block shall remain together until the locking lugs engage with oneyanother and so that they cannot be separated prematurely from one another, for instance by recoil.
  • This arrangement is particularly advantageous for rearms having a sliding barrel which, after a shot is fired, is first held firmly in a rear retracted position and afterwards moves along with the breech block while the lugs are being interlocked.
  • the coupling device according to the invention prevents the barrel (which in the case of large calibre weapons is generally provided with a special recuperative device) from flying forward relative to the breech block, in which event the inter-engagement of the locking lugs which is positively eiected in dependence on the movements of the barrel and the breech would not be possible.
  • a further object is to provide a coupling device, which on the initial preparation and loading of the weapon by hand ensures that the breech and the barrel shall be held together for a period exceeding that required for the unlocking of the breech from the barrel, whereby the necessity of timing the action of the barrel retaining catch very exactly with the' completion of the unlocking operation is avoided.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section with the barrel 1'5 and the breech block in their forward end position
  • Y Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section with the barrel and the breech block in the rear position, the barrel be'ng held
  • Fig. 3 shows a detail of the locking sleeve on an enlarged scale.
  • the barrel b slidably mounted in the housing a is firmly connected by a bayonet catch with the female screw threaded member b1 Vand 25. ⁇ A by way of its thread b2 with the barrel casing b3.
  • a locking sleeve c In the casing b3 is rotatably mounted a locking sleeve c.
  • the rear end of the barrel casing b3 is provided at the top with a projection b4.
  • the bolt d1 is displaceably mounted in a recess in the housing cover a2 hinged about a pin a1.
  • the cover carries, on a projection which forms the abutment for the running 35 out-spring d, a roller e engaging in a cam groove c1 formedin the locking sleeve yc.
  • the closing spring f the spring guide member f1 supporting the breech block g.
  • the head ofA the breech block g can move i0 forward into a correspondingly shaped boring b5 in the barrel casing b3 and its locking lugs gs engage in the corresponding members c2 on the locking sleeve c.
  • the end of the barrel casing is L-shaped as 45 ⁇ - shown more clearly in Fig. 2 and in a recess formed in the foot of the closure there is accommodated the coupling device according to the in-v vention which forms at the same time the barrel retaining catch.
  • It consists of a lever h adapted 50 to pivot about a pin h2 under the influence of a spring h1, which lever is adapted to co-operate alternately, either, by means of the engagement of the front edge ha of its lower surface, in a notch a3 in the housing, to retain the barrel in its reark 55 female nut b1, the barrel casing b3, the pin h2 and the lever h, with the breech block y.
  • the breechblock g With the expansion of the closing spring f the breechblock g, if necessary after disengagement of a V,catch holding it in the rear end position, is then moved-forward, feeding a cartridge into the barrel now held in the rear end position until by the impact of the inclined surface g1 with the lever surface h4, the lever h is disengaged from the notch as in the housing and swings its head h5 behind the breech block projection g3. The barrel is thereby liberated and at the same time is coupled tothe breech block g in the longitudinal direction.
  • the barrel retaining and coupling lever h is of such dimensions that the surface g1 of the breech block which co-operates with the inclined surface h4, disengages it from the notch a3 of the gun housing shortly before the breech members strike against the abutment surfaces of the barrel casing b3.
  • the barrel b under the influence of the barrel running out spring d begins its movement into the forward end position before the breech block strikes it, and the impact eifect is further softened by the Vco-operationrof the inclined surfaces g1--h4, and the forward drive thereby exerted on the barrel.
  • the locking lugs g2 of the breech block may always find room for swinging in laterally between the counter lugs c2 on the barrel locking ⁇ sleeve c the leading ends of the lugs are bevelled.
  • lugs on Ythe barrel casing lugs on the breech blockarranged to interlock with the casing lugs to close the barrel breech by an axial and a rotary movement in succession of the casing and breech block relatively to each other, a coupling device separaterfrom said lugs for automatically'engaging the casing with the breech block on completion of such axial movement, and means for then effecting said rotarymovement.
  • the coupling device in addition Vto automatically engaging the casing with the breech block also comprises a catch for retaining the barrel in the position of recoil.
  • the couplingV device in addition Vto automatically engaging the'casing with the breech block also comprises a catch for retaining the barrel in the position of recoil.
  • a housing of a barrel, a barrel casing slidable with the barrel in the housing, a breech block slidably mounted in the housing, a spring urging the breech bolt towards the breech end of the barrel,
  • lugs on the barrel casing lugson the breech block arranged to interlock with the casing lugs to close the barrel breech by successive movements of the casing and Ybreech block relatively to each other, a lever pivoted in the barrel casing and cooperating' with a notch in the housing to lock the ba-rrel in recoiled position, and means on the breech block to swing said lever out of the notch and into'engagement with the breech block to couple the'- barrel casing therewith in position permitting their final relative movement to complete the'interlocking of thelugs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Description

Patented Oct. 1, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AUTOMATIC FIREARM tion of Switzerland Application February 21, 1934, Serial No. 712,406 In Germany December 11,1933
6 Claims.
'Ihe invention relates to automatic rearms having means for locking the breech block to the barrel in breech closing position, said means comprising lugs on these parts interlocked by longitudinal and rotative movements of one of them relatively to the other. An object of the invention is to provide means operative in dependence on the forward movement of the breech block relatively to the barrel suitable for this interlock- 10 ing, to automatically couple these two parts with each other in order to ensure the subsequent rotation to complete the interlocking. Ano-ther object 'of the invention is to ensure that the barrel and the breech block shall remain together until the locking lugs engage with oneyanother and so that they cannot be separated prematurely from one another, for instance by recoil.
This arrangement is particularly advantageous for rearms having a sliding barrel which, after a shot is fired, is first held firmly in a rear retracted position and afterwards moves along with the breech block while the lugs are being interlocked. The coupling device according to the invention prevents the barrel (which in the case of large calibre weapons is generally provided with a special recuperative device) from flying forward relative to the breech block, in which event the inter-engagement of the locking lugs which is positively eiected in dependence on the movements of the barrel and the breech would not be possible. A further object is to provide a coupling device, which on the initial preparation and loading of the weapon by hand ensures that the breech and the barrel shall be held together for a period exceeding that required for the unlocking of the breech from the barrel, whereby the necessity of timing the action of the barrel retaining catch very exactly with the' completion of the unlocking operation is avoided.
It is advantageous, in order to ensure that the breech be locked, to utilize the coupling device at the same time as a catch for the barrel in its rear position. The device is then actuated by the breech block when it runs out, the barrel being in its rear locked position, into a position in which it couples the barrel with the breech block, after which both parts move forwardly together to eifect the locking operation under the simultaneous action of the barrel running-out spring and the closing spring. Consequently a relatively Weak closing spring is su'cient and this, particularly inthe case of machine guns of 2 cm. calibre and more, is an advantage in the initial preparation and loading of the weapon by hand. 'Moreover, those surfaces of the members which control and eiect the above-mentioned movements of the catch, are so organized that the held barrel is set in motion somewhat before the breech block arrives at the end of its forward movement relay tive to the barrel. The impact of the breech is i5 thus softened and the catch which already provisionally couples the barrel and the breech ensures that these two parts shall be held together until the inter-engaging lugs, which come into operation on the succeeding common run- 10 ning out movement, assume this function.
The accompanying drawing shows a weapon of the type referred to constructed according to the invention, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section with the barrel 1'5 and the breech block in their forward end position, Y Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section with the barrel and the breech block in the rear position, the barrel be'ng held, and
Fig. 3 shows a detail of the locking sleeve on an enlarged scale.
The barrel b slidably mounted in the housing a is firmly connected by a bayonet catch with the female screw threaded member b1 Vand 25.`A by way of its thread b2 with the barrel casing b3. In the casing b3 is rotatably mounted a locking sleeve c. The rear end of the barrel casing b3 is provided at the top with a projection b4.
which is embraced by the guide bolt d1, this bolt 30 d1 being subject to the influence of the barrel running-out spring d. The bolt d1 is displaceably mounted in a recess in the housing cover a2 hinged about a pin a1. The cover carries, on a projection which forms the abutment for the running 35 out-spring d, a roller e engaging in a cam groove c1 formedin the locking sleeve yc. In the cover a2 there is also accommodated the closing spring f, the spring guide member f1 supporting the breech block g. The head ofA the breech block g can move i0 forward into a correspondingly shaped boring b5 in the barrel casing b3 and its locking lugs gs engage in the corresponding members c2 on the locking sleeve c.
The end of the barrel casing is L-shaped as 45`- shown more clearly in Fig. 2 and in a recess formed in the foot of the closure there is accommodated the coupling device according to the in-v vention which forms at the same time the barrel retaining catch. It consists of a lever h adapted 50 to pivot about a pin h2 under the influence of a spring h1, which lever is adapted to co-operate alternately, either, by means of the engagement of the front edge ha of its lower surface, in a notch a3 in the housing, to retain the barrel in its reark 55 female nut b1, the barrel casing b3, the pin h2 and the lever h, with the breech block y.
After a shot has been red, all the Vsliding parts (barrel b, barrel casing b3, locking sleeve c, and the breech y) move back together against the action of the barrel running-out spring and the closing spring, until the locking sleeve c, turned by the action of the fixed roller e inthe cam groove c1,
unlocks the breech block g. Shortly afterwardsV the barrel b and the parts connected therewith in consequence, for instance, of impact with a projection on the housing, come to rest and in this position the notch a3 in the housing a is opposite the front edge h3 of the lever It which engages therein under the influence of the spring h1. The already unlocked breech block-g is thereby completely freed. The breech block now moves further backward alone (Fig. 2). With the expansion of the closing spring f the breechblock g, if necessary after disengagement of a V,catch holding it in the rear end position, is then moved-forward, feeding a cartridge into the barrel now held in the rear end position until by the impact of the inclined surface g1 with the lever surface h4, the lever h is disengaged from the notch as in the housing and swings its head h5 behind the breech block projection g3. The barrel is thereby liberated and at the same time is coupled tothe breech block g in the longitudinal direction. These parts now move forward together under the influence of the barrel running out spring d and closing spring f, and during this continued movement the roller e engaging in the cam groove c1 causes the locking sleeve c to turn and the locking lugs cz to engage with the corresponding members g2 on the breech block g. Shortly after the complete locking, the barrel and the breech reach their front end position inthe housing of the weapon;
The barrel retaining and coupling lever h is of such dimensions that the surface g1 of the breech block which co-operates with the inclined surface h4, disengages it from the notch a3 of the gun housing shortly before the breech members strike against the abutment surfaces of the barrel casing b3. Thus the barrel b under the influence of the barrel running out spring d begins its movement into the forward end position before the breech block strikes it, and the impact eifect is further softened by the Vco-operationrof the inclined surfaces g1--h4, and the forward drive thereby exerted on the barrel. In order that the locking lugs g2 of the breech block may always find room for swinging in laterally between the counter lugs c2 on the barrel locking` sleeve c the leading ends of the lugs are bevelled.
We claimz- 1. In an automatic firearm the combination with a housing, of a barrel, a barrel casing slidable with the barrel in the housing, a breech block slidably mounted in the housing, a spring urging theY breech bolt towards the breech end of the barrel, lugs on the barrel casing, lugs on the breech block arranged to interlock with the y successive movements.
` the breech'block towards the breech end of the barrel, lugs on Ythe barrel casing, lugs on the breech blockarranged to interlock with the casing lugs to close the barrel breech by an axial and a rotary movement in succession of the casing and breech block relatively to each other, a coupling device separaterfrom said lugs for automatically'engaging the casing with the breech block on completion of such axial movement, and means for then effecting said rotarymovement.
3. In an automatic firearm according vto claim l, the arrangement that the coupling device in addition Vto automatically engaging the casing with the breech block also comprises a catch for retaining the barrel in the position of recoil.
4. In an automatic firearm according to` claim 2, the arrangement that the couplingV device in addition Vto automatically engaging the'casing with the breech block also comprises a catch for retaining the barrel in the position of recoil.
5. In an automatic rearmthe combinationwith a housing, of a barrel, a barrel casing slidable with the barrel in the housing, a breech block slidably mounted in the housing, a spring urging the breech bolt towards the breech end of the barrel,
lugs on the barrel casing, lugson the breech block arranged to interlock with the casing lugs to close the barrel breech by successive movements of the casing and Ybreech block relatively to each other, a lever pivoted in the barrel casing and cooperating' with a notch in the housing to lock the ba-rrel in recoiled position, and means on the breech block to swing said lever out of the notch and into'engagement with the breech block to couple the'- barrel casing therewith in position permitting their final relative movement to complete the'interlocking of thelugs.
6.7In an automaticv rearm. the combination with a housing, of a barrel, a barrel casing slidable with the barrel in the housing, `a breech ,block slidably mounted in the housing, a spring urging the breech bolt towards the breech end of the barrel to interlock with the casing lugs to close -the barrelV breech byan axial and a rotary movement in succession of the casing and breech block relatively to each other, a lever pivoted in the barrel casing and cooperating with a notch in the housing to lock the barrel in recoiled position, Vand means Yon the breech block to swing said lever out of the notch and into engagement with the breech blockto couple the barrel casing therewith in position permittingthe said relative-rotary movement to complete the interlocking of the lugs.
Y FI-IJEIODOR` RAKULA..
FRITZ HEIKJ'JPJTI.`
US712406A 1933-12-12 1934-02-21 Automatic firearm Expired - Lifetime US2015908A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEW93233D DE623065C (en) 1933-12-12 1933-12-12 Automatic firearm with twist lock

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2015908A true US2015908A (en) 1935-10-01

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US712406A Expired - Lifetime US2015908A (en) 1933-12-12 1934-02-21 Automatic firearm

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US2015908A (en)
BE (2) BE400909A (en)
CH (2) CH172113A (en)
DE (1) DE623065C (en)
FR (3) FR762167A (en)
GB (2) GB405759A (en)
NL (2) NL42101C (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE739997C (en) * 1938-02-17 1943-10-09 Marc Birkigt Device for releasing the breech lock for automatic firearms, especially for light guns for aircraft
DE102012104387B4 (en) 2012-05-22 2016-06-02 Marco Kurapkat Closure device for a firearm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE443625A (en) 1942-01-31
FR51832E (en) 1943-05-04
GB405759A (en) 1934-02-15
NL42101C (en) 1937-12-15
FR767167A (en) 1934-07-11
CH220947A (en) 1942-04-30
NL56684C (en) 1944-07-15
GB417292A (en) 1934-10-02
DE623065C (en) 1935-12-12
BE400909A (en) 1934-02-28
CH172113A (en) 1934-09-30
FR762167A (en) 1934-04-05

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