US20080066835A1 - Flash-ignitable energetic material - Google Patents
Flash-ignitable energetic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080066835A1 US20080066835A1 US11/798,693 US79869307A US2008066835A1 US 20080066835 A1 US20080066835 A1 US 20080066835A1 US 79869307 A US79869307 A US 79869307A US 2008066835 A1 US2008066835 A1 US 2008066835A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- composition
- activated carbon
- energetic material
- mixture contains
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
Definitions
- This invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic materials. More specifically, the invention relates to light ignitable, energetic materials containing carbon nanotubes or activated carbon containing a metal.
- a carbon nanotube is a hollow nanostructure consisting essentially of a graphitic plane rolled into a thin tube, both ends of which can be closed by a fullerene-type dome structure.
- CNT carbon nanotube
- SWNT single walled nanotubes
- MWNT multiwalled nanotubes
- the object of the present invention is to exploit the above described property of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal to produce a light ignitable, energetic material.
- the present invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic composition
- a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
- the invention also relates to a method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition
- a method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
- energetic materials can be used in the method of the present invention.
- Such energetic materials include black powder, ammonium perchlorate (AP), hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate, (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid.
- AP ammonium perchlorate
- RDX hexogen
- HMX pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- PETN pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- TNT trinitrotoluene
- nitroglycerine nitrocellulose
- ammonium nitrate lead azide
- lead styphnate nitro plasticizers
- picric acid While the carbon nanotubes can be SWNT or MWNT, the single walled nano
- the invention takes advantage of the photoacoustic effect of carbon nanotubes when subjected to a burst of light, e.g. a camera flash to ignite an energetic material.
- a burst of light e.g. a camera flash
- different carbon nanotubes were used, the most common one being a SWNT commercial available from Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., Houston, Tex.
- Different percentages of carbon nanotubes (1-90 weight percent) were manually mixed (gently) with carbon black powder.
- the most efficient composition contained 5 weight percent SWNT mixed with 95 weight percent Grade 7 black powder.
- the composition exploded instantaneously after being subjected to a camera flash. It was found that black powder with the smallest particle size was the most effective.
- the same effect was observed when activated carbon containing a metal, e.g. palladium was mixed with black powder, and the resulting mixture was exposed to a camera flash.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 3%, 5%, 10% and 20% carbon nanotubes. At a concentration in excess of 20% nanotubes, the ignition phenomenon was less efficient, i.e. the combustion process (explosion) appears to be incomplete.
- Energetic formulations containing carbon nanotubes and RDX, TNT, black powder or AP were ignited at distances from 3 to 7 cm using the Vivitar flash. In a few cases, ignition was possible from a distance as great as 14 cm.
- Example 1 The method of Example 1 was repeated using 5 weight percent activated carbon containing palladium (97% carbon and 3% palladium) with 95 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using the same ball milling equipment as in Example 1. The composition was ignited using a flash; however, the process was less efficient than when using carbon nanotubes.
- the ignition effect was observed for a variety of mixtures of activated carbon containing 3-30% palladium catalyst and a variety of energetic materials. The ignition effect was similar to that observed when using carbon nanotubes, but seemed to be less efficient after 3 to 5 days. It is believed that the activated carbon was absorbing water which reduced the efficiency of the ignition phenomenon.
- compositions in accordance with the present invention can be used for light ignited pyrotechnic effects and as light ignited triggers for detonators, gas generators and air bags.
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium release a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light. A light ignitable, energetic composition is produced by mixing one of them with an energetic material such as carbon black powder or ammonium perchlorate.
Description
- This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 11/444,464, filed Jun. 1, 2006, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 10/617,134, filed Jul. 11, 2003, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/394,871, filed on Jul. 11, 2002 (all of which are hereby incorporated by reference).
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic materials. More specifically, the invention relates to light ignitable, energetic materials containing carbon nanotubes or activated carbon containing a metal.
- 2. Discussion of the Prior Art
- A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a hollow nanostructure consisting essentially of a graphitic plane rolled into a thin tube, both ends of which can be closed by a fullerene-type dome structure. The existence of CNT's was originally discovered by S. Iijima [see Nature 354, 56 (1991)]. The material exhibits various interesting mechanical and electrical properties. There exists two forms of carbon nanotubes, namely single walled nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT).
- It has recently been reported by P. M. Ajayan et al in Science, Vol. 296, 705 (2002) that carbon nanotubes release a large photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light caused by the absorption of the light. It seems that the phenomenon is predominantly present in SWNT's and that the temperature of the process can reach 1500° C. The inventors have also determined that activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium also possesses the property of releasing a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light.
- The object of the present invention is to exploit the above described property of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal to produce a light ignitable, energetic material.
- Accordingly, the present invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
- The invention also relates to a method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
- A variety of energetic materials can be used in the method of the present invention. Such energetic materials include black powder, ammonium perchlorate (AP), hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate, (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid. While the carbon nanotubes can be SWNT or MWNT, the single walled nanotubes are preferred.
- In general terms, the invention takes advantage of the photoacoustic effect of carbon nanotubes when subjected to a burst of light, e.g. a camera flash to ignite an energetic material. In order to test the theory, different carbon nanotubes were used, the most common one being a SWNT commercial available from Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., Houston, Tex. Different percentages of carbon nanotubes (1-90 weight percent) were manually mixed (gently) with carbon black powder. Initially, the most efficient composition contained 5 weight percent SWNT mixed with 95 weight percent Grade 7 black powder. The composition exploded instantaneously after being subjected to a camera flash. It was found that black powder with the smallest particle size was the most effective. The same effect was observed when activated carbon containing a metal, e.g. palladium was mixed with black powder, and the resulting mixture was exposed to a camera flash.
- The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
- 3 weight percent of crude carbon nanotubes were mixed with 97 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using ball milling equipment for 15 minutes. The balls used in the mill were made of glass. The resulting composition was then exposed to an intense flash using a commercially available Vivitar (trademark) flash. The power of the flash was 200 W/cm2 at a distance of 4.5 cm.
- The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 3%, 5%, 10% and 20% carbon nanotubes. At a concentration in excess of 20% nanotubes, the ignition phenomenon was less efficient, i.e. the combustion process (explosion) appears to be incomplete.
- Energetic formulations containing carbon nanotubes and RDX, TNT, black powder or AP were ignited at distances from 3 to 7 cm using the Vivitar flash. In a few cases, ignition was possible from a distance as great as 14 cm.
- The method of Example 1 was repeated using 5 weight percent activated carbon containing palladium (97% carbon and 3% palladium) with 95 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using the same ball milling equipment as in Example 1. The composition was ignited using a flash; however, the process was less efficient than when using carbon nanotubes.
- The ignition effect was observed for a variety of mixtures of activated carbon containing 3-30% palladium catalyst and a variety of energetic materials. The ignition effect was similar to that observed when using carbon nanotubes, but seemed to be less efficient after 3 to 5 days. It is believed that the activated carbon was absorbing water which reduced the efficiency of the ignition phenomenon.
- Compositions in accordance with the present invention can be used for light ignited pyrotechnic effects and as light ignited triggers for detonators, gas generators and air bags.
Claims (7)
1. A light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of
(i) activated carbon;
(ii) an energetic material selected from the group consisting of black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, octogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, trinitrotoluene, nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid; and
(iii) a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture contains 1 to 20 weight percent activated carbon, the remainder being the energetic material.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent of the energetic material and 5 weight percent activated carbon containing metal.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent black powder and 5 weight percent activated carbon.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the energetic material is ammonium perchlorate.
6. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent ammonium perchlorate and 5 weight percent activated carbon.
7. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent of ground ammonium perchlorate and 5 weight percent of activated carbon containing 97 weight percent carbon and 3 weight percent palladium.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/798,693 US20080066835A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2007-05-16 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US39487102P | 2002-07-11 | 2002-07-11 | |
US10/617,134 US20040040637A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-11 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
US11/444,464 US20070039671A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2006-06-01 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
US11/798,693 US20080066835A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2007-05-16 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/444,464 Division US20070039671A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2006-06-01 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080066835A1 true US20080066835A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
Family
ID=31188345
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/617,134 Abandoned US20040040637A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-11 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
US11/444,464 Abandoned US20070039671A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2006-06-01 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
US11/798,693 Abandoned US20080066835A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2007-05-16 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/617,134 Abandoned US20040040637A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-11 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
US11/444,464 Abandoned US20070039671A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2006-06-01 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20040040637A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2434859A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100229749A1 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2010-09-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Nano-Based Devices for Use in a Wellbore |
US10252953B2 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2019-04-09 | Pusan National University Industry—University Cooperation Foundation | Nanoenergetic material composite having remote ignition characteristic |
RU2777332C2 (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-08-02 | Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" | Octogen modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2434859A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-01-11 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
US7025840B1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2006-04-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Explosive/energetic fullerenes |
US7896990B1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2011-03-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Burn rate nanotube modifiers |
US20060011083A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Perry William L | Microwave heating of energetic materials |
US7517215B1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2009-04-14 | Erc Incorporated | Method for distributed ignition of fuels by light sources |
US20080233402A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2008-09-25 | Sid Richardson Carbon & Gasoline Co. | Carbon black with attached carbon nanotubes and method of manufacture |
RU2318789C1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-03-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ИФОХИМ" | Explosive modifier |
US7879166B1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-02-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Single walled carbon nanotubes activated with hydrazoic acid |
US7833366B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2010-11-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for making single walled carbon nanotubes by activation with hydrazoic acid |
US20140216288A1 (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-07 | U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I | Carbon nanotube and porous substrate integrated energetic device |
KR101471998B1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2014-12-15 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Nano Energetic Materials Composite with Explosion in Air and Water via Optical Ignition and Method for Manufacturing the same |
US9550875B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2017-01-24 | Sid Richardson Carbon, Ltd. | Nanospike hybrid carbon black |
CN105836729B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-12-05 | 大连理工大学 | The method that Gaseous Detonation method synthesizes iron content CNT |
CN111875454B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-12-21 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Ammonium perchlorate catalyst, preparation method and application |
RU2756556C1 (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2021-10-01 | Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" | Lead trinitroresorcinate modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof |
Citations (7)
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US3255059A (en) * | 1962-07-09 | 1966-06-07 | North American Aviation Inc | Fluoroalkyl acrylate polymeric propellant compositions |
US3557698A (en) * | 1953-01-28 | 1971-01-26 | Us Army | Photoflash bomb |
US3734020A (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-05-22 | Us Army | Igniter for propelling charges |
US5792982A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1998-08-11 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Two-part igniter for gas generating compositions |
US20020059969A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-05-23 | Kazuya Serizawa | Gas-generating compositions |
US20020193040A1 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2002-12-19 | Zhou Otto Z. | Method of making nanotube-based material with enhanced electron field emission properties |
US20070039671A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2007-02-22 | Sylvain Desilets | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003071015A1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-28 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Method of transforming carbon nanotubes |
-
2003
- 2003-07-09 CA CA002434859A patent/CA2434859A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-11 US US10/617,134 patent/US20040040637A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-06-01 US US11/444,464 patent/US20070039671A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-05-16 US US11/798,693 patent/US20080066835A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3557698A (en) * | 1953-01-28 | 1971-01-26 | Us Army | Photoflash bomb |
US3255059A (en) * | 1962-07-09 | 1966-06-07 | North American Aviation Inc | Fluoroalkyl acrylate polymeric propellant compositions |
US3734020A (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-05-22 | Us Army | Igniter for propelling charges |
US5792982A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1998-08-11 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Two-part igniter for gas generating compositions |
US20020059969A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-05-23 | Kazuya Serizawa | Gas-generating compositions |
US20020193040A1 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2002-12-19 | Zhou Otto Z. | Method of making nanotube-based material with enhanced electron field emission properties |
US20070039671A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2007-02-22 | Sylvain Desilets | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100229749A1 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2010-09-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Nano-Based Devices for Use in a Wellbore |
US7874250B2 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2011-01-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Nano-based devices for use in a wellbore |
US10252953B2 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2019-04-09 | Pusan National University Industry—University Cooperation Foundation | Nanoenergetic material composite having remote ignition characteristic |
RU2777332C2 (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-08-02 | Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" | Octogen modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040040637A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
CA2434859A1 (en) | 2004-01-11 |
US20070039671A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN AS REPRESENTED BY THE MINIST Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DESILETS, SYLVAIN;BROUSSEAU, PATRICK;GAGNON, NICOLE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:019367/0748;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070426 TO 20070430 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |