US20070039671A1 - Flash-ignitable energetic material - Google Patents

Flash-ignitable energetic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070039671A1
US20070039671A1 US11/444,464 US44446406A US2007039671A1 US 20070039671 A1 US20070039671 A1 US 20070039671A1 US 44446406 A US44446406 A US 44446406A US 2007039671 A1 US2007039671 A1 US 2007039671A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
weight percent
composition
carbon nanotubes
energetic material
ammonium perchlorate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/444,464
Inventor
Sylvain Desilets
Patrick Brousseau
Nicole Gagnon
Sebastien Cote
Serge Trudel
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/444,464 priority Critical patent/US20070039671A1/en
Publication of US20070039671A1 publication Critical patent/US20070039671A1/en
Priority to US11/798,693 priority patent/US20080066835A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic materials. More specifically, the invention relates to light ignitable, energetic materials containing carbon nanotubes or activated carbon containing a metal.
  • a carbon nanotube is a hollow nanostructure consisting essentially of a graphitic plane rolled into a thin tube, both ends of which can be closed by a fullerene-type dome structure.
  • CNT carbon nanotube
  • SWNT single walled nanotubes
  • MWNT multiwalled nanotubes
  • the object of the present invention is to exploit the above described property of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal to produce a light ignitable, energetic material.
  • the present invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic composition
  • a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
  • the invention also relates to a method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition
  • a method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
  • energetic materials can be used in the method of the present invention.
  • Such energetic materials include black powder, ammonium perchlorate (AP), hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate, (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid.
  • AP ammonium perchlorate
  • RDX hexogen
  • HMX pentaerythritol tetranitrate
  • PETN pentaerythritol tetranitrate
  • TNT trinitrotoluene
  • nitroglycerine nitrocellulose
  • ammonium nitrate lead azide
  • lead styphnate nitro plasticizers
  • picric acid While the carbon nanotubes can be SWNT or MWNT, the single walled nano
  • the invention takes advantage of the photoacoustic effect of carbon nanotubes when subjected to a burst of light, e.g. a camera flash to ignite an energetic material.
  • a burst of light e.g. a camera flash
  • different carbon nanotubes were used, the most common one being a SWNT commercial available from Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., Houston, Tex.
  • Different percentages of carbon nanotubes (1-90 weight percent) were manually mixed (gently) with black powder. Initially, the most efficient composition contained 5 weight percent SWNT mixed with 95 weight percent Grade 7 black powder.
  • the composition exploded instantaneously after being subjected to a camera flash. It was found that black powder with the smallest particle size was the most effective.
  • activated carbon containing a metal e.g. palladium was mixed with black powder, and the resulting mixture was exposed to a camera flash.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 3%, 5%, 10% and 20% carbon nanotubes. At a concentration in excess of 20% nanotubes, the ignition phenomenon was less efficient, i.e. the combustion process (explosion) appears to be incomplete.
  • Energetic formulations containing carbon nanotubes and RDX, TNT, black powder or AP were ignited at distances from 3 to 7 cm using the Vivitar flash. In a few cases, ignition was possible from a distance as great as 14 cm.
  • Example 1 The method of Example 1 was repeated using 5 weight percent activated carbon containing palladium (97% carbon and 3% palladium) with 95 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using the same ball milling equipment as in Example 1. The composition was ignited using a flash; however, the process was less efficient than when using carbon nanotubes.
  • the ignition effect was observed for a variety of mixtures of activated carbon containing 3-30% palladium catalyst and a variety of energetic materials. The ignition effect was similar to that observed when using carbon nanotubes, but seemed to be less efficient after 3 to 5 days. It is believed that the activated carbon was absorbing water which reduced the efficiency of the ignition phenomenon.
  • compositions in accordance with the present invention can be used for light ignited pyrotechnic effects and as light ignited triggers for detonators, gas generators and air bags.

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium release a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light. A light ignitable, energetic composition is produced by mixing one of them with an energetic material such as black powder or ammonium perchlorate.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 10/617,134, filed Jul. 11, 2003, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional application No. 60/394,871, filed on Jul. 11, 2002 (all of which is hereby incorporated by reference).
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • This invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic materials. More specifically, the invention relates to light ignitable, energetic materials containing carbon nanotubes or activated carbon containing a metal.
  • 2. Discussion of the Prior Art
  • A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a hollow nanostructure consisting essentially of a graphitic plane rolled into a thin tube, both ends of which can be closed by a fullerene-type dome structure. The existence of CNT's was originally discovered by S. Iijima [see Nature 354, 56 (1991)]. The material exhibits various interesting mechanical and electrical properties. There exists two forms of carbon nanotubes, namely single walled nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT).
  • It has recently been reported by P. M. Ajayan et al in Science, Vol. 296, 705 (2002) that carbon nanotubes release a large photoacoustic effect when sujected to a flash of light caused by the absorption of the light. It seems that the phenomenon is predominantly present in SWNT's and that the temperature of the process can reach 1500° C. The inventors have also determined that activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium also possesses the property of releasing a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light.
    • GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The object of the present invention is to exploit the above described property of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal to produce a light ignitable, energetic material.
  • Accordingly, the present invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
  • The invention also relates to a method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
  • A variety of energetic materials can be used in the method of the present invention. Such energetic materials include black powder, ammonium perchlorate (AP), hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate, (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid. While the carbon nanotubes can be SWNT or MWNT, the single walled nanotubes are preferred.
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • In general terms, the invention takes advantage of the photoacoustic effect of carbon nanotubes when subjected to a burst of light, e.g. a camera flash to ignite an energetic material. In order to test the theory, different carbon nanotubes were used, the most common one being a SWNT commercial available from Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., Houston, Tex. Different percentages of carbon nanotubes (1-90 weight percent) were manually mixed (gently) with black powder. Initially, the most efficient composition contained 5 weight percent SWNT mixed with 95 weight percent Grade 7 black powder. The composition exploded instantaneously after being subjected to a camera flash. It was found that black powder with the smallest particle size was the most effective. The same effect was observed when activated carbon containing a metal, e.g. palladium was mixed with black powder, and the resulting mixture was exposed to a camera flash.
  • The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • 3 weight percent of crude carbon nanotubes were mixed with 97 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using ball milling equipment for 15 minutes. The balls used in the mill were made of glass. The resulting composition was then exposed to an intense flash using a commercially available Vivitar (trademark) flash. The power of the flash was 200 W/cm2 at a distance of 4.5 cm.
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 3%, 5%, 10% and 20% carbon nanotubes. At a concentration in excess of 20% nanotubes, the ignition phenomenon was less efficient, i.e. the combustion process (explosion) appears to be incomplete.
    • EXAMPLE 3
  • Energetic formulations containing carbon nanotubes and RDX, TNT, black powder or AP were ignited at distances from 3 to 7 cm using the Vivitar flash. In a few cases, ignition was possible from a distance as great as 14 cm.
    • EXAMPLE 4
  • The method of Example 1 was repeated using 5 weight percent activated carbon containing palladium (97% carbon and 3% palladium) with 95 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using the same ball milling equipment as in Example 1. The composition was ignited using a flash; however, the process was less efficient than when using carbon nanotubes.
    • EXAMPLE 5
  • The ignition effect was observed for a variety of mixtures of activated carbon containing 3-30% palladium catalyst and a variety of energetic materials. The ignition effect was similar to that observed when using carbon nanotubes, but seemed to be less efficient after 3 to 5 days. It is believed that the activated carbon was absorbing water which reduced the efficiency of the ignition phenomenon.
  • Compositions in accordance with the present invention can be used for light ignited pyrotechnic effects and as light ignited triggers for detonators, gas generators and air bags.
  • Various modifications may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (13)

1. A light ignitable energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of (1) carbon nanotubes; (2) an energetic material selected from the group consisting of black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, octogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, trinitrotoluene nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid; and (3) a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminium, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture contains an energetic material and single walled carbon nanotubes.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the mixture contains 1 to 20 weight percent carbon nanotubes, the remainder being the energetic material.
4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent of the energetic material and 5 weight percent carbon nanotubes.
5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent black powder and 5 weight percent carbon nanotubes.
6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the energetic material is ammonium perchlorate.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the mixture contains 97 weight percent ammonium perchlorate and 3 weight percent carbon nanotubes.
8. The composition of claim 6, wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent of ground ammonium perchlorate and 5 weight percent of activated carbon containing 97 weight percent carbon and 3 weight percent palladium.
9. A method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing (1) carbon nanotubes; (2) an energetic material selected from the group consisting of black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, octogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, trinitrotoluene nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid; and (3) a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminium, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein single walled carbon nanotubes are mixed with the energetic material.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the energetic material is ammonium perchlorate.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the energetic material is black powder.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein ground ammonium perchlorate is mixed with activated carbon containing palladium.
US11/444,464 2002-07-11 2006-06-01 Flash-ignitable energetic material Abandoned US20070039671A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/444,464 US20070039671A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2006-06-01 Flash-ignitable energetic material
US11/798,693 US20080066835A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2007-05-16 Flash-ignitable energetic material

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39487102P 2002-07-11 2002-07-11
US10/617,134 US20040040637A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2003-07-11 Flash-ignitable energetic material
US11/444,464 US20070039671A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2006-06-01 Flash-ignitable energetic material

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US10/617,134 Continuation US20040040637A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2003-07-11 Flash-ignitable energetic material

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US11/798,693 Division US20080066835A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2007-05-16 Flash-ignitable energetic material

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US10/617,134 Abandoned US20040040637A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2003-07-11 Flash-ignitable energetic material
US11/444,464 Abandoned US20070039671A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2006-06-01 Flash-ignitable energetic material
US11/798,693 Abandoned US20080066835A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2007-05-16 Flash-ignitable energetic material

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080066835A1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2008-03-20 Sylvain Desilets Flash-ignitable energetic material
US20100229749A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2010-09-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Nano-Based Devices for Use in a Wellbore
US7833366B1 (en) 2007-10-31 2010-11-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for making single walled carbon nanotubes by activation with hydrazoic acid
US7879166B1 (en) 2007-10-31 2011-02-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Single walled carbon nanotubes activated with hydrazoic acid
CN105836729A (en) * 2016-04-11 2016-08-10 大连理工大学 Synthesis method of carbon nanotube by using gaseous detonation method
US10252953B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2019-04-09 Pusan National University Industry—University Cooperation Foundation Nanoenergetic material composite having remote ignition characteristic
RU2756556C1 (en) * 2020-10-08 2021-10-01 Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" Lead trinitroresorcinate modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof
RU2777332C2 (en) * 2020-10-08 2022-08-02 Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" Octogen modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof

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US7025840B1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2006-04-11 Lockheed Martin Corporation Explosive/energetic fullerenes
US7896990B1 (en) * 2004-02-20 2011-03-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Burn rate nanotube modifiers
US20060011083A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-19 Perry William L Microwave heating of energetic materials
US7517215B1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2009-04-14 Erc Incorporated Method for distributed ignition of fuels by light sources
US20080233402A1 (en) * 2006-06-08 2008-09-25 Sid Richardson Carbon & Gasoline Co. Carbon black with attached carbon nanotubes and method of manufacture
RU2318789C1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2008-03-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ИФОХИМ" Explosive modifier
US20140216288A1 (en) * 2013-02-06 2014-08-07 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I Carbon nanotube and porous substrate integrated energetic device
KR101471998B1 (en) * 2013-08-09 2014-12-15 부산대학교 산학협력단 Nano Energetic Materials Composite with Explosion in Air and Water via Optical Ignition and Method for Manufacturing the same
US9550875B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2017-01-24 Sid Richardson Carbon, Ltd. Nanospike hybrid carbon black
CN111875454B (en) * 2020-07-17 2021-12-21 西安近代化学研究所 Ammonium perchlorate catalyst, preparation method and application

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CA2434859A1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2004-01-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Flash-ignitable energetic material

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US3557698A (en) * 1953-01-28 1971-01-26 Us Army Photoflash bomb
US3734020A (en) * 1971-10-01 1973-05-22 Us Army Igniter for propelling charges
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080066835A1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2008-03-20 Sylvain Desilets Flash-ignitable energetic material
US20100229749A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2010-09-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Nano-Based Devices for Use in a Wellbore
US7874250B2 (en) * 2005-02-09 2011-01-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Nano-based devices for use in a wellbore
US7833366B1 (en) 2007-10-31 2010-11-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for making single walled carbon nanotubes by activation with hydrazoic acid
US7879166B1 (en) 2007-10-31 2011-02-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Single walled carbon nanotubes activated with hydrazoic acid
US10252953B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2019-04-09 Pusan National University Industry—University Cooperation Foundation Nanoenergetic material composite having remote ignition characteristic
CN105836729A (en) * 2016-04-11 2016-08-10 大连理工大学 Synthesis method of carbon nanotube by using gaseous detonation method
RU2756556C1 (en) * 2020-10-08 2021-10-01 Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" Lead trinitroresorcinate modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof
RU2777332C2 (en) * 2020-10-08 2022-08-02 Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" Octogen modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof
RU2777333C1 (en) * 2021-02-16 2022-08-02 Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" Pentaerythritol tetranitrate modified with carbon nanotubes and method for its preparation
RU2794210C1 (en) * 2022-04-22 2023-04-12 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" (Госкорпорация "Росатом") Method for manufacturing a mixed explosive

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CA2434859A1 (en) 2004-01-11
US20080066835A1 (en) 2008-03-20

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