CA2434859A1 - Flash-ignitable energetic material - Google Patents
Flash-ignitable energetic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2434859A1 CA2434859A1 CA002434859A CA2434859A CA2434859A1 CA 2434859 A1 CA2434859 A1 CA 2434859A1 CA 002434859 A CA002434859 A CA 002434859A CA 2434859 A CA2434859 A CA 2434859A CA 2434859 A1 CA2434859 A1 CA 2434859A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- composition
- energetic material
- carbon nanotubes
- energetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium release a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light. A
light ignitable, energetic composition is produced by mixing one of them with an energetic material such as carbon black powder or ammonium perchlorate.
light ignitable, energetic composition is produced by mixing one of them with an energetic material such as carbon black powder or ammonium perchlorate.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic materials. More specifically, the invention relates to light ignitable, energetic materials containing carbon nanotubes or activated carbon containing a metal.
DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a hollow nanostructure consisting essentially of a graphitic plane rolled into a thin tube, both ends of which can be closed by a fullerene-type dome structure. The existence of CNT°s was originally discovered by S. lijima [see Nature 354, 56 (1991 )]. The material exhibits various interesting mechanical and electrical properties. There exists two forms of carbon nanotubes, namely single walled nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT).
It has recently been reported by P.M. Ajayan et al in Science, Vol. 296, 705 (2002) that carbon nanotubes release a large photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light caused by the absorption of the light. It seems that the phenomenon is predominantly present in SWNT's and that the temperature of the process can reach 1500°C. The inventors have also determined that activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium also possesses the property of releasing a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to exploit the above described property of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal to produce a light ignitable, energetic material.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
The invention also relates to a method of preparing a sight ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
A variety of energetic materials can be used in the method of the present invention. Such energetic materials include carbon black powder, ammonium perchlorate (AP), hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate, (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, vitro plasticizers and picric acid. While the carbon nanotubes can be SWNT or MWNT, the single walled nanotubes are preferred.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
!n general terms, the invention takes advantage of the photoacoustic effect of carbon nanotubes when subjected to a burst of light, e.g. a camera flash to ignite an energetic material. !n order to test the theory, different carbon nanotubes were used, the most common one being a SWNT commercial available from Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., Houston, Texas. Different percentages of carbon nanotubes (1 - 90 weight percent) were manually mixed (gently) with carbon black powder. Initially, the most efficient composition contained 5 weight percent SWNT
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic materials. More specifically, the invention relates to light ignitable, energetic materials containing carbon nanotubes or activated carbon containing a metal.
DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a hollow nanostructure consisting essentially of a graphitic plane rolled into a thin tube, both ends of which can be closed by a fullerene-type dome structure. The existence of CNT°s was originally discovered by S. lijima [see Nature 354, 56 (1991 )]. The material exhibits various interesting mechanical and electrical properties. There exists two forms of carbon nanotubes, namely single walled nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT).
It has recently been reported by P.M. Ajayan et al in Science, Vol. 296, 705 (2002) that carbon nanotubes release a large photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light caused by the absorption of the light. It seems that the phenomenon is predominantly present in SWNT's and that the temperature of the process can reach 1500°C. The inventors have also determined that activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium also possesses the property of releasing a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to exploit the above described property of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal to produce a light ignitable, energetic material.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
The invention also relates to a method of preparing a sight ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
A variety of energetic materials can be used in the method of the present invention. Such energetic materials include carbon black powder, ammonium perchlorate (AP), hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate, (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, vitro plasticizers and picric acid. While the carbon nanotubes can be SWNT or MWNT, the single walled nanotubes are preferred.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
!n general terms, the invention takes advantage of the photoacoustic effect of carbon nanotubes when subjected to a burst of light, e.g. a camera flash to ignite an energetic material. !n order to test the theory, different carbon nanotubes were used, the most common one being a SWNT commercial available from Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., Houston, Texas. Different percentages of carbon nanotubes (1 - 90 weight percent) were manually mixed (gently) with carbon black powder. Initially, the most efficient composition contained 5 weight percent SWNT
2 mixed with 95 weight percent Grade 7 carbon black powder. The composition exploded instantaneously after being subjected to a camera flash. It was found that carbon black powder with the smallest particle size was the most effective.
The same effect was observed when activated carbon containing a metal, e.g.
palladium was mixed with carbon black powder, and the resulting mixture was exposed to a camera flash.
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1
The same effect was observed when activated carbon containing a metal, e.g.
palladium was mixed with carbon black powder, and the resulting mixture was exposed to a camera flash.
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1
3 weight percent of crude carbon nanotubes were mixed with 97 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using ball milling equipment for 15 minutes. The bails used in the mill were made of glass.
The resulting composition was then exposed to an intense flash using a commercially available Vivitar (firademark) flash. The power of the flash was 200W1cm2 at a distance of 4.5 cm.
Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 3%, 5°/~, 10% and 20%
carbon nanotubes. At a concentration in excess of 20% nanotubes, the ignition phenomenon was less efficient, i.e. the combustion process (explosion) appears to be incomplete.
Example 3 Energetic formulations containing carbon nanotubes and RDX; TNT, black powder or AP were ignited at distances from 3 to 7 cm using the Vivitar flash.
In a few cases, ignition was possible from a distance as great as 14 cm.
Example 4 The method of Example 1 was repeated using 5 weight percent activated carbon containing palladium (97% carbon and 3% palladium) with 95 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using the same ball milling equipment as in Example 1. The composition was ignited using a flashy however, the process was less efficient than when using carbon nanotubes.
Example 5 The ignition effect was observed for a variety of mixtures of activated carbon containing 3 - 30% palladium catalyst and a variety of energetic materials.
The ignition effect was similar to that observed when using carbon nanotubes, but seemed to be less efficient after 3 to 5 days. It is believed that the activated carbon was absorbing water which reduced the efficiency of the ignition phenomenon.
Compositions in accordance with the present invention can be used for light ignited pyrotechnic effects and as light ignited triggers for detonators, gas generators and air bags.
The resulting composition was then exposed to an intense flash using a commercially available Vivitar (firademark) flash. The power of the flash was 200W1cm2 at a distance of 4.5 cm.
Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 3%, 5°/~, 10% and 20%
carbon nanotubes. At a concentration in excess of 20% nanotubes, the ignition phenomenon was less efficient, i.e. the combustion process (explosion) appears to be incomplete.
Example 3 Energetic formulations containing carbon nanotubes and RDX; TNT, black powder or AP were ignited at distances from 3 to 7 cm using the Vivitar flash.
In a few cases, ignition was possible from a distance as great as 14 cm.
Example 4 The method of Example 1 was repeated using 5 weight percent activated carbon containing palladium (97% carbon and 3% palladium) with 95 weight percent ground ammonium perchlorate. The mixture was homogenized using the same ball milling equipment as in Example 1. The composition was ignited using a flashy however, the process was less efficient than when using carbon nanotubes.
Example 5 The ignition effect was observed for a variety of mixtures of activated carbon containing 3 - 30% palladium catalyst and a variety of energetic materials.
The ignition effect was similar to that observed when using carbon nanotubes, but seemed to be less efficient after 3 to 5 days. It is believed that the activated carbon was absorbing water which reduced the efficiency of the ignition phenomenon.
Compositions in accordance with the present invention can be used for light ignited pyrotechnic effects and as light ignited triggers for detonators, gas generators and air bags.
4
Claims (15)
1. A light ignitable, energetic composition comprising an intimate mixture of an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the energetic material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, octogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, trinitrotoluene, nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the mixture contains an energetic material and single walled carbon nanotubes.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the mixture contains 1 to 20 weight percent carbon nanotubes, the remainder being the energetic material.
5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent of the energetic material and 5 weight percent carbon nanotubes.
6. The composition of claim 4, wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent carbon black powder and 5 weight percent carbon nanotubes.
7. The composition of claim 3, wherein the energetic material is ammonium perchlorate.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the mixture contains 97 weight percent ammonium perchlorate and 3 weight percent carbon nanotubes.
9. The composition of claim 7, wherein the mixture contains 95 weight percent of ground ammonium perchlorate and 5 weight percent of activated carbon containing 97 weight percent carbon and 3 weight percent palladium.
10. A method of preparing a light ignitable, energetic composition comprising intimately mixing an energetic material and one of carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, iron nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, potassium, sodium and titanium.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the energetic material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, octogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, trinitrotoluene, nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, lead azide, lead styphnate, nitro plasticizers and picric acid.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein single walled carbon nanotubes are mixed with the energetic material.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the energetic material is ammonium perchlorate.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the energetic material is carbon black powder.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein ground ammonium perchlorate is mixed with activated carbon containing palladium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US39487102P | 2002-07-11 | 2002-07-11 | |
| US60/394,871 | 2002-07-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2434859A1 true CA2434859A1 (en) | 2004-01-11 |
Family
ID=31188345
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002434859A Abandoned CA2434859A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-09 | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US20040040637A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2434859A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111875454A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-11-03 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Ammonium perchlorate catalyst, preparation method and application |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2434859A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-01-11 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
| US7025840B1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2006-04-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Explosive/energetic fullerenes |
| US7896990B1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2011-03-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Burn rate nanotube modifiers |
| US20060011083A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Perry William L | Microwave heating of energetic materials |
| US7517215B1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2009-04-14 | Erc Incorporated | Method for distributed ignition of fuels by light sources |
| US7874250B2 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2011-01-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Nano-based devices for use in a wellbore |
| US20080233402A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2008-09-25 | Sid Richardson Carbon & Gasoline Co. | Carbon black with attached carbon nanotubes and method of manufacture |
| RU2318789C1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-03-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ИФОХИМ" | Explosive modifier |
| US7879166B1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-02-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Single walled carbon nanotubes activated with hydrazoic acid |
| US7833366B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2010-11-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for making single walled carbon nanotubes by activation with hydrazoic acid |
| US20140216288A1 (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-07 | U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I | Carbon nanotube and porous substrate integrated energetic device |
| KR101471998B1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2014-12-15 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Nano Energetic Materials Composite with Explosion in Air and Water via Optical Ignition and Method for Manufacturing the same |
| KR101591397B1 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2016-02-03 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Nano Energetic Materials Composite with Remotely Ignited by High Power Pulsed Laser Beam Irradiation and Method for Manufacturing the same |
| WO2015195773A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | Sid Richardson Carbon, Ltd | Nanospike hybrid carbon black |
| CN105836729B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-12-05 | 大连理工大学 | The method that Gaseous Detonation method synthesizes iron content CNT |
| RU2756556C1 (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2021-10-01 | Акционерное общество "Новосибирский механический завод "Искра" | Lead trinitroresorcinate modified with carbon nanotubes and method for production thereof |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3557698A (en) * | 1953-01-28 | 1971-01-26 | Us Army | Photoflash bomb |
| US3255059A (en) * | 1962-07-09 | 1966-06-07 | North American Aviation Inc | Fluoroalkyl acrylate polymeric propellant compositions |
| US3734020A (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-05-22 | Us Army | Igniter for propelling charges |
| US5542688A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1996-08-06 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Two-part igniter for gas generating compositions |
| JP4337254B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2009-09-30 | 日油株式会社 | Gas generating agent |
| US6787122B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2004-09-07 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Method of making nanotube-based material with enhanced electron field emission properties |
| US7217404B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2007-05-15 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Method of transforming carbon nanotubes |
| CA2434859A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-01-11 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
-
2003
- 2003-07-09 CA CA002434859A patent/CA2434859A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-11 US US10/617,134 patent/US20040040637A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-06-01 US US11/444,464 patent/US20070039671A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-05-16 US US11/798,693 patent/US20080066835A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111875454A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-11-03 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Ammonium perchlorate catalyst, preparation method and application |
| CN111875454B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-12-21 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Ammonium perchlorate catalyst, preparation method and application |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070039671A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| US20080066835A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
| US20040040637A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |