US20030021685A1 - Base material with cooling air hole - Google Patents

Base material with cooling air hole Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20030021685A1
US20030021685A1 US10/183,853 US18385302A US2003021685A1 US 20030021685 A1 US20030021685 A1 US 20030021685A1 US 18385302 A US18385302 A US 18385302A US 2003021685 A1 US2003021685 A1 US 2003021685A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cooling air
air hole
base material
particles
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/183,853
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Fried
Ulrich Rathmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD reassignment ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRIED, REINHARD, RATHMANN, ULRICH
Publication of US20030021685A1 publication Critical patent/US20030021685A1/en
Assigned to ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD reassignment ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD
Priority to US10/899,031 priority Critical patent/US7052233B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/186—Film cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/06—Cooling passages of turbine components, e.g. unblocking or preventing blocking of cooling passages of turbine components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/201—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by impingement of a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/202—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05D2260/607—Preventing clogging or obstruction of flow paths by dirt, dust, or foreign particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a base material with a cooling air hole.
  • the base material is, in particular, a gas turbine part in which cooling air holes are present.
  • cooling air contains dirt or dust particles.
  • smaller particles can flow unhindered without further problems through the cooling air holes, which can, for example, have a diameter of between 0.5 and 1 mm, larger particles close the cooling air holes so that the cooling performance is reduced overall and there is the threat of overheating of the component.
  • EP-A1-1 072 757 therefore proposes a dust-resistant, internal cooling system for turbine blading.
  • the invention achieves the object of creating a base material with cooling air holes which are no longer completely closed by particles which are present in the cooling air.
  • the base material is an impingement panel of a turbine blading platform.
  • the particles which pollute the cooling air are located above the cooling air hole, the particles no longer close the latter, so that a certain cooling performance is advantageously always maintained by cooling air which flows past the particles and through the cooling air hole. In addition, there is a greater probability of the particles being removed from this position again by vibrations or flow fluctuations in the cooling air.
  • the means can consist of the edge of the cooling air hole being uneven or having a ridge. This ridge can appear due to punching or stamping of the cooling air hole or can have already appeared during a casting process of the base material.
  • the base material can be a part of a gas turbine, for example a sheet-metal part, for example therefore an impingement plate of a rotor blade platform or, generally, a cast part to be cooled.
  • FIG. 1 shows a base material with a cooling air hole according to the invention in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 represents the section along the line II-II in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a base material with cooling air holes according to the invention in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through a punched cooling air hole according to the invention in a third embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a base material with cooling air holes according to the invention in a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a base material with cooling air holes according to the invention in a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a base material with cooling air holes according to the invention in a sixth embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a base material with cooling air holes according to the invention in a seventh embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows the section along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a base material 2 according to the invention with a cooling air hole 1 , FIG. 2 showing the section II-II in FIG. 1.
  • a ridge 3 in the form of a star is stamped on the base material 2 .
  • particles 5 which pollute cooling air 4 which flows through the cooling air holes 1 during the operation of the basic component, are located above the cooling air hole 1 , they can, advantageously, no longer close this cooling air hole 1 .
  • a certain cooling performance is always maintained due to cooling air 4 which flows past the particles 5 and through the cooling air hole 1 .
  • a “crown” is integrally cast into the base material 2 which is, for example, a gas turbine casting which is to be cooled.
  • the “crown” has already been integrally cast into the part at the edge of the cooling air hole 1 during the manufacture of the base material 2 .
  • FIG. 4 a ridge 3 appears due to punching during the manufacture of the cooling air holes 1 . This is, for example, conceivable in the case of impingement panels of gas turbines which contain the cooling air holes 1 .
  • all means, which generate a ridge 3 or an uneven edge at the cooling air hole 1 are appropriate for the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 4 , so that cooling air 4 continues to flow past the particles 5 , which are located on the cooling air hole 1 , and through the cooling air hole 1 and a certain cooling performance is maintained.
  • the probability that the particles 5 will again leave their position is, furthermore, greater.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show further exemplary embodiments, according to the invention, of a base material 2 with cooling air holes 1 .
  • the cooling air hole 1 not to be circular. It can, in principle, be star-shaped, ellipsoidal or linear or consist of a circular cooling air hole 1 with lateral slots 7 .
  • the circular cooling air hole 1 will have a diameter known from the prior art. In consequence, particles 5 which would normally close the cooling air hole 1 , so that it loses its function, are no longer able to close the cooling air hole 1 completely.
  • the cooling air 4 continues to flow at the free ends of the cooling air hole 1 .
  • Such cooling air holes 1 can, for example, be cut with a laser, a water jet or an electrode beam.
  • the base material can be a part of a gas turbine, for example a sheet-metal part, therefore for example an impingement plate of a platform of a rotor blade, or a cast part to be cooled.
  • Cooling air hole 2 Base material, impingement plate 3 Ridge 4 Cooling air 5 Particle 6 Stirrup 7 Slot 8 Wire mesh

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US10/183,853 2001-07-13 2002-06-28 Base material with cooling air hole Abandoned US20030021685A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/899,031 US7052233B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-07-27 Base material with cooling air hole

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH12912001 2001-07-13
CH20011291/01 2001-07-13

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/899,031 Continuation US7052233B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-07-27 Base material with cooling air hole

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030021685A1 true US20030021685A1 (en) 2003-01-30

Family

ID=4565344

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/183,853 Abandoned US20030021685A1 (en) 2001-07-13 2002-06-28 Base material with cooling air hole
US10/899,031 Expired - Fee Related US7052233B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-07-27 Base material with cooling air hole

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/899,031 Expired - Fee Related US7052233B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-07-27 Base material with cooling air hole

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US20030021685A1 (de)
EP (2) EP1548237B1 (de)
DE (2) DE50207839D1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1635042A1 (de) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Prallkühlung eines Bauteils einer Strömungsmaschine und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Prallkühlelementes
US11415001B1 (en) * 2021-03-11 2022-08-16 General Electric Company Cooling hole filter configuration

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003098008A1 (de) * 2002-05-22 2003-11-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Kühlbares bauteil und verfahren zur herstellung einer duchtrittsöffnung in eine m kühlbarem bauteil
US20070048122A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-01 United Technologies Corporation Debris-filtering technique for gas turbine engine component air cooling system
US7815414B2 (en) * 2007-07-27 2010-10-19 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil mini-core plugging devices
EP2119874A1 (de) * 2008-05-15 2009-11-18 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Strömungsmaschine, inbesondere Turbine oder Verdichter
EP2335855A1 (de) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Füllstoff beim Bohren von Durchgangslöchern von hohlen Bauteilen, ein Verfahren und Vorrichtung dafür
US9151173B2 (en) * 2011-12-15 2015-10-06 General Electric Company Use of multi-faceted impingement openings for increasing heat transfer characteristics on gas turbine components
US9650900B2 (en) * 2012-05-07 2017-05-16 Honeywell International Inc. Gas turbine engine components with film cooling holes having cylindrical to multi-lobe configurations
US10113433B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2018-10-30 Honeywell International Inc. Gas turbine engine components with lateral and forward sweep film cooling holes
EP3460216B1 (de) 2013-02-14 2021-05-12 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Verfahren zum bestimmen ob eine komponente innerhalb einer zulässigen fertigungstoleranz liegt unter verwendung von oberflächenindikatoren
US9709274B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-07-18 Rolls-Royce Plc Auxetic structure with stress-relief features
GB2514832A (en) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-10 Rolls Royce Deutschland & Co Kg Cooling system
WO2015184294A1 (en) 2014-05-29 2015-12-03 General Electric Company Fastback turbulator
US10364684B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2019-07-30 General Electric Company Fastback vorticor pin
US10233775B2 (en) 2014-10-31 2019-03-19 General Electric Company Engine component for a gas turbine engine
US10280785B2 (en) 2014-10-31 2019-05-07 General Electric Company Shroud assembly for a turbine engine
US9995151B2 (en) 2015-08-17 2018-06-12 General Electric Company Article and manifold for thermal adjustment of a turbine component
WO2019061088A1 (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-04 Changzhou Globe Co., Ltd. PLATE FOR COOLING AN ELECTRIC TOOL
US11078796B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2021-08-03 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Redundant entry cooling air feed hole blockage preventer for a gas turbine engine
US11073024B2 (en) * 2018-12-14 2021-07-27 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Shape recessed surface cooling air feed hole blockage preventer for a gas turbine engine
US11008872B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2021-05-18 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Extension air feed hole blockage preventer for a gas turbine engine
US11035248B1 (en) 2019-11-25 2021-06-15 General Electric Company Unitary body turbine shrouds including shot peen screens integrally formed therein and turbine systems thereof
US11959641B2 (en) 2020-01-31 2024-04-16 Rtx Corporation Combustor shell with shaped impingement holes

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5747769A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-05-05 General Electric Company Method of laser forming a slot

Family Cites Families (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3011760A (en) 1953-10-20 1961-12-05 Ernst R G Eckert Transpiration cooled turbine blade manufactured from wires
US3066912A (en) 1961-03-28 1962-12-04 Gen Electric Turbine erosion protective device
US3584972A (en) * 1966-02-09 1971-06-15 Gen Motors Corp Laminated porous metal
US3672787A (en) * 1969-10-31 1972-06-27 Avco Corp Turbine blade having a cooled laminated skin
BE755567A (fr) 1969-12-01 1971-02-15 Gen Electric Structure d'aube fixe, pour moteur a turbines a gaz et arrangement de reglage de temperature associe
GB1285369A (en) 1969-12-16 1972-08-16 Rolls Royce Improvements in or relating to blades for fluid flow machines
US3623711A (en) * 1970-07-13 1971-11-30 Avco Corp Combustor liner cooling arrangement
GB1508571A (en) 1973-10-13 1978-04-26 Rolls Royce Hollow cooled blade or vane for a gas turbine engine
US3905197A (en) 1974-04-29 1975-09-16 Carrier Corp Power expander centrifuge
US4040767A (en) 1975-06-02 1977-08-09 United Technologies Corporation Coolable nozzle guide vane
US4173458A (en) 1977-02-28 1979-11-06 Stiles Arthur G Air cleaner
US4221539A (en) 1977-04-20 1980-09-09 The Garrett Corporation Laminated airfoil and method for turbomachinery
US4192138A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-03-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Gas turbine combustor air inlet
US4302940A (en) * 1979-06-13 1981-12-01 General Motors Corporation Patterned porous laminated material
US4269032A (en) 1979-06-13 1981-05-26 General Motors Corporation Waffle pattern porous material
US4606701A (en) 1981-09-02 1986-08-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Tip structure for a cooled turbine rotor blade
FI843605L (fi) 1984-09-14 1986-03-15 Ahlstroem Oy Tilloppsspiral i en turbin som partikelavskiljare.
US4705455A (en) 1985-12-23 1987-11-10 United Technologies Corporation Convergent-divergent film coolant passage
DE68906594T2 (de) 1988-04-25 1993-08-26 United Technologies Corp Staubabscheider fuer eine luftgekuehlte schaufel.
GB2227965B (en) * 1988-10-12 1993-02-10 Rolls Royce Plc Apparatus for drilling a shaped hole in a workpiece
US5113648A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-05-19 Sundstrand Corporation Combustor carbon screen
US5183385A (en) 1990-11-19 1993-02-02 General Electric Company Turbine blade squealer tip having air cooling holes contiguous with tip interior wall surface
US5192192A (en) 1990-11-28 1993-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Turbine engine foil cap
US5145315A (en) 1991-09-27 1992-09-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Gas turbine vane cooling air insert
DE4447515C2 (de) * 1993-11-22 1999-02-25 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Gekühlte Turbinenschaufel
DE4422965A1 (de) 1994-06-30 1996-01-04 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Einrichtung zur Abscheidung von Fremdpartikeln aus der den Laufschaufeln einer Turbine zuzuführenden Kühlluft
EP0789806B1 (de) 1994-10-31 1998-07-29 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Gasturbinenschaufel mit gekühlter schaufelplattform
US5771577A (en) * 1996-05-17 1998-06-30 General Electric Company Method for making a fluid cooled article with protective coating
JPH09324605A (ja) 1996-06-10 1997-12-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ガスタービンの翼冷却装置
JPH1037704A (ja) 1996-07-19 1998-02-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ガスタービンの静翼
US5779437A (en) 1996-10-31 1998-07-14 Pratt & Whitney Canada Inc. Cooling passages for airfoil leading edge
CA2262064C (en) * 1998-02-23 2002-09-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Gas turbine moving blade platform
GB2343486B (en) 1998-06-19 2000-09-20 Rolls Royce Plc Improvemnts in or relating to cooling systems for gas turbine engine airfoil
DE19834376B4 (de) 1998-07-30 2007-05-03 Alstom Verfahren, Einrichtung und Anwendung des Verfahrens zum Kühlen von Leitschaufeln in einer Gasturbinenanlage
GB2350867B (en) * 1999-06-09 2003-03-19 Rolls Royce Plc Gas turbine airfoil internal air system
US6164913A (en) 1999-07-26 2000-12-26 General Electric Company Dust resistant airfoil cooling

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5747769A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-05-05 General Electric Company Method of laser forming a slot

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1635042A1 (de) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Prallkühlung eines Bauteils einer Strömungsmaschine und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Prallkühlelementes
US11415001B1 (en) * 2021-03-11 2022-08-16 General Electric Company Cooling hole filter configuration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50207839D1 (de) 2006-09-28
EP1548237B1 (de) 2006-11-08
EP1275818B1 (de) 2006-08-16
US7052233B2 (en) 2006-05-30
EP1548237A3 (de) 2005-08-03
DE50208671D1 (de) 2006-12-21
EP1548237A2 (de) 2005-06-29
EP1275818A1 (de) 2003-01-15
US20050084371A1 (en) 2005-04-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7052233B2 (en) Base material with cooling air hole
JP3316418B2 (ja) ガスタービン冷却動翼
EP0465004B1 (de) Gekühlte Turbinenschaufel
US6457935B1 (en) System for ventilating a pair of juxtaposed vane platforms
JP3997986B2 (ja) 冷却タービン部品、及び冷却タービン翼
JP2810023B2 (ja) 高温部材冷却装置
EP1452694B1 (de) Dämpfungs- und Dichtungselement für Turbine
US5993155A (en) Cooled gas-turbine blade
EP1462607B1 (de) Schaufelrad für radialturbine
EP0340149B1 (de) Staubabscheider für eine luftgekühlte Schaufel
EP1055800B1 (de) Turbinenschaufel mit interner Kühlung
US7326031B2 (en) Access port for dirt removal for gas turbine engine
RU2285806C1 (ru) Турбинная лопатка для газотурбинного двигателя, ее бандаж и способ изготовления
US20020197159A1 (en) Turbine blade with rub tolerant cooling construction
EP2357321B1 (de) Turbinenscheibe und Schaufelanordnung
CN110168196B (zh) 用于涡轮翼型件的冷却组件以及涡轮组件的对应翼型件
CN1637247A (zh) 扩展式冲击冷却装置和方法
US20060237261A1 (en) Acoustic mechanical retainer
GB1601422A (en) Tip cooling for turbomachinery blades
US20050111974A1 (en) Diffuser for centrifugal compressor
US6065932A (en) Turbine
KR20080076951A (ko) 일체 부착형 플랜지를 구비한 열 차폐부
US20050191182A1 (en) Turbine blade shroud cutter tip
US6261054B1 (en) Coolable airfoil assembly
CA2827696C (en) Internally cooled turbine blade

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD, SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FRIED, REINHARD;RATHMANN, ULRICH;REEL/FRAME:013055/0152

Effective date: 20020603

AS Assignment

Owner name: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD, SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD;REEL/FRAME:014770/0783

Effective date: 20031101

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION