US20020086138A1 - Functional film having functional layer and article provided with functional layer - Google Patents
Functional film having functional layer and article provided with functional layer Download PDFInfo
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- US20020086138A1 US20020086138A1 US09/858,504 US85850401A US2002086138A1 US 20020086138 A1 US20020086138 A1 US 20020086138A1 US 85850401 A US85850401 A US 85850401A US 2002086138 A1 US2002086138 A1 US 2002086138A1
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- layer
- functional
- support
- fine particles
- resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/025—Electric or magnetic properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2839—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer with release or antistick coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2848—Three or more layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a functional film for transfer having a functional layer comprising a compressed layer of functional fine particles on a support, an article provided with the functional layer, and a method for producing the article provided with the functional layer.
- the present invention relates to a functional film for transfer having a functional layer comprising a compressed layer of functional fine particles on a support subjected to non-glare treatment, and more particularly to a functional film for transfer capable of providing a functional layer comprising a compressed layer of functional fine particles to an object article and applying non-glare treatment to the object article. Also, the present invention relates to an article provided with the functional layer and subjected to the non-glare treatment, and a method for producing the same.
- the functional film includes both a functional film and a functional sheet.
- the functional film of the present invention includes a functional film in which a support is a metal.
- the functional layer is a layer having a function, and the function means an action accomplished through physical and/or chemical phenomena.
- the functional layer includes layers having various functions, such as a conductive layer, an ultraviolet shielding layer, an infrared shielding layer, a magnetic layer, a ferromagnetic layer, a dielectric layer, a ferroelectric layer, an electrochromic layer, an electroluminescent layer, an insulating layer, a light-absorbing layer, a light selecting absorbing layer, a reflecting layer, a reflection preventing layer, a catalyst layer, a photocatalyst layer and others.
- the present invention relates to a functional film for transfer having a transparent conductive layer.
- the present invention relates to a functional film for transfer capable of being used for articles, represented by various displays, in which non-glare treatment is required, and more specifically to a functional film for transfer capable of providing a transparent conductive layer to an object article and applying non-glare treatment to the object article.
- the transparent conductive layer can be used as a transparent electrode such as an electroluminescence panel electrode, an electrochromic element electrode, a liquid crystal electrode, a transparent plane heater, or a touch panel, and can be also used as a transparent electromagnetic-wave shielding layer.
- PVD physical vapor deposition method
- CVD chemical vapor deposition method
- a process is known in which a layer is formed by application using the sol-gel method.
- the sol-gel method is suited for forming a layer of large area, but in most cases, inorganic materials must be sintered at a high temperature after the application.
- the transparent conductive layer is produced mainly by the sputtering method.
- the sputtering method for example, a method of forming a layer by allowing inert gas ions, which are generated by direct current or high-frequency discharge, to be accelerated to hit the surface of a target in vacuum so as to strike out atoms constituting the target from the surface for deposition on the substrate surface.
- the sputtering method is excellent in that a conductive layer having a low surface electric resistance can be formed even if it has a large area to some extent.
- the apparatus has a disadvantage that the apparatus is large, and the layer forming speed is slow. If the conductive layer is to have a still larger area from now on, the apparatus will be further enlarged. This raises a technical problem such that the controlling precision must be heightened and, from another point of view, raises a problem of increase in the production cost.
- the number of targets is increased to raise the speed in order to compensate for the slowness of the layer forming speed, this also is a factor that enlarges the apparatus, thereby raising a problem.
- a conductive paint having conductive fine particles dispersed in a binder solution is applied onto a substrate, dried, and hardened to form the conductive layer.
- the application method has advantages in that a conductive layer having a large area can be easily formed, that the apparatus is simple and has a high productivity, and that the conductive layer can be produced at a lower cost than by the sputtering method.
- an electric path is formed by contact of the conductive fine particles with each other, whereby the electric conductivity is exhibited.
- the conductive layer produced by the conventional application method has an insufficient contact, and the obtained conductive layer has a high electric resistance value (i.e. is inferior in conductivity), thereby limiting its usage.
- Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 9-109259 discloses a production method comprising the first step of applying a paint comprising conductive powders and binder resins onto a plastic film for transfer and drying it to form a conductive layer, the second step of pressing (5 to 100 kg/cm 2 ) the conductive layer surface on a smooth surface and heating (70 to 180° C.), and the third step of laminating this conductive layer on a plastic film or sheet and heat-press-bonding it.
- a large amount of binder resins is used (100 to 500 parts by weight of conductive powders with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder in the case of inorganic conductive powders; or 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of conductive powders with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder in the case of organic conductive powders), so that a transparent conductive layer having a low electric resistance value cannot be obtained.
- Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 8-199096(1996) discloses a method in which a conductive layer forming paint comprising tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) powders, a solvent, a coupling agent and an organic or inorganic acid salt of metal, and not containing a binder is applied onto a glass plate and calcined at a temperature of 300° C. or higher.
- the binder since the binder is not used, the conductive layer has a low electric resistance value.
- the calcining step at a temperature of 300° C. or higher must be carried out, it is difficult to form the conductive layer on a support such as a resin film.
- the resin film will be melted, carbonized, or burnt by the high temperature.
- a temperature of 130° C. may be a limit in the case of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, for example.
- the support is one having flexibility such as a film
- a functional layer having a large area can be easily formed.
- the support is one having poor flexibility such as a plate material
- the application is difficult as compared with the case of the flexible support, and particularly it is difficult to control a layer thickness for uniformity.
- the application can be performed by fixing a coater section and moving the film, thereby easily controlling a layer thickness.
- the plate material having poor flexibility although the application can be performed by moving the plate material if the application area is small, accuracy of the layer thickness is liable to deteriorate due to wobbling or others by moving the plate material if the application area is large. Also, although a method moving the coater section may be mentioned, accuracy of the layer thickness deteriorates if flatness of the plate material is poor.
- a method transferring a functional layer formed on a flexible film to the support or article having poor flexibility may be considered.
- Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 60-231396(1985), Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 60-233895(1985) and Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2-106097(1990) disclose forming a conductive layer on a flexible support and transferring the conductive layer from the support to a substrate having poor flexibility.
- formation of the conductive layer on the flexible support is performed by the sputtering method or the vapor deposition method.
- the sputtering method has the problems described above and the vapor deposition method also has the same problems.
- non-glare treatment also referred to as anti-glare treatment
- various displays represented by a Braun tube are mentioned.
- formation of a conductive layer is required in order to obtain antistatic properties and electromagnetic-wave shielding, and further, formation of a non-glare layer on the conductive layer is desired in order to reduce reflection of external light.
- PDP plasma display panel
- near-infrared shielding, a color-correcting layer and the like are required in addition to the requirement of the electromagnetic-wave shielding, and a non-glare layer is also desired.
- the non-glare treatment has been performed by, for example, a method dispersing silica particles in a binder and applying it onto a glass surface to be treated, a method spraying abrasive grains to a glass surface to be treated, or a method etching a glass surface to be treated using fluorine (for example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 50-96128(1975), Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 55-12107(1980) or Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 59-116601(1984)).
- fluorine for example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 50-96128(1975), Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 55-12107(1980) or Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 59-116601(1984).
- Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 8-187997(1996) discloses that non-glare treatment is applied to a surface of a display case using a transfer sheet. However, there is no description with regard to providing a functional layer simultaneously.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a functional film for transfer, by means of the application method, having a functional layer capable of exhibiting various functions, for example, a transparent conductive layer being low in electric resistance value, to provide an article provided with the functional layer, and to provide a method for producing the article provided with the functional layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a transfer functional film for providing a functional layer with a uniform thickness to an article having poor flexibility such as a plate material, and to provide an article having poor flexibility provided with the functional layer with a uniform thickness.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a functional film for transfer, by means of the application method, capable of providing a functional layer that can exhibit various functions, for example, a transparent conductive layer being low in electric resistance value, to an object article, and applying non-glare treatment to the object article, to provide an article provided with the functional layer and subjected to the non-glare treatment, and to provide a method for producing the same.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a transfer functional film for providing a functional layer with a uniform thickness to an article having poor flexibility such as a plate material and applying non-glare treatment to the article, and to provide an article having poor flexibility provided with the functional layer with a uniform thickness and subjected to the non-glare treatment.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive composition for transferring and gluing a functional layer, formed on a flexible support in a releasable state, onto an object article.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a functional film for transfer having a functional layer comprising a compressed layer of functional fine particles and an adhesive layer composed of the adhesive composition on a support.
- the conductive layer cannot be formed without the use of a large amount of a binder resin, or in the case where the binder resin is not used, the conductive layer cannot be obtained unless a conductive substance is sintered at a high temperature.
- a functional film for transfer can be obtained by forming a functional layer on a support in a state in which the functional layer is releasable from the support, thereby arriving at the present invention.
- a functional film for transfer can be obtained by forming a functional layer on a support subjected to non-glare treatment in a state in which the functional layer is releasable from the support, thereby arriving at the present invention.
- the present invention is a functional film at least having a functional layer on a support, said functional layer being releasable from the support, wherein the functional layer is a compressed layer of functional fine particles.
- the support has flexibility.
- FIG. 1( a ) describes amode of release, used in normal meaning, in which a layer A and a layer B, which contact each other, are completely released from the interface.
- FIG. 1( b ) and FIG. 1( c ) describe modes of release in which parts of one layer A remain on another layer B although the layer A and the layer B, which contact each other, are released from the interface.
- each layer after it is released, takes substantially the form of a layer, it is defined as being releasable even if it cannot be expressed as the perfect release as shown in FIG. 1( a ).
- the present invention also includes cases in which a compressed layer of functional fine particles corresponds to the layers A of FIG. 1( b ) and FIG. 1( c ).
- the functional layer being releasable from the support means a layer in a state in which the support and the functional layer are releasable from each other.
- the support is often released from the functional layer stuck onto the object article.
- the functional film for transfer of the present invention includes two types, depending on whether a surface of the functional layer is exposed or not at the time of transferring the functional layer to a transfer-object article.
- the present invention is the functional film, wherein a releasable layer to be released from the support is formed on the support, and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is formed on the releasable layer, whereby the releasable layer is releasable together with the compressed layer of the functional fine particles from the support.
- the functional layer is transferred to a transfer-object article using the first type functional film, the functional layer is transferred to a surface of the transfer-object article so that the releasable layer exists on the functional layer.
- the present invention is the functional film, wherein the releasable layer comprises a resin layer containing a resin as a main component.
- the resin layer is releasable together with the compressed layer of the functional fine particles from the support.
- the present invention is the functional film, wherein the releasable layer comprises a hard-coating layer formed on the support and the resin layer formed on the hard-coating layer.
- the hard-coating layer is releasable together with the resin layer and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles from the support.
- the present invention is the functional film, wherein a base layer is formed on the support, and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is formed on the base layer, whereby the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is releasable from the base layer.
- the base layer is a layer not to be substantially released from the support at the time of transfer.
- the present invention is the functional film, wherein a layer not to be released from the support is formed on the support, and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is formed on the layer not to be released, whereby the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is releasable from the support and the layer not to be released.
- the functional layer is transferred to a transfer-object article using the second type functional film
- the functional layer is transferred to a surface of the object article so that a surface of the functional layer is exposed.
- the present invention is the functional film, wherein the base layer, namely, the layer not to be released, is a resin layer containing a resin as a main component.
- the functional film for transfer of the present invention includes the third type capable of providing the functional layer to the object article and applying non-glare treatment to the object article at the time of transferring the functional layer to the transfer-object article.
- the present invention is a transfer functional film at least having a functional layer on a support, said functional layer being releasable from the support, wherein a surface of the support at the side of the functional layer is subjected to non-glare treatment, and the functional layer is a compressed layer of functional fine particles.
- the support has flexibility.
- the present invention is the functional film for transfer, wherein a releasable layer to be released from the support is formed on the support, and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is formed on the releasable layer, whereby the releasable layer is releasable together with the compressed layer of the functional fine particles from the support.
- the present invention is the functional film for transfer, wherein the releasable layer comprises a resin layer containing a resin as a main component.
- the resin layer is releasable together with the compressed layer of the functional fine particles from the support.
- the present invention is the functional film for transfer, where the releasable layer comprises a hard-coating layer formed on the support and the resin layer formed on the hard-coating layer.
- the hard-coating layer is releasable together with the resin layer and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles from the support.
- an adhesive layer is formed on the compressed layer of the functional fine particles.
- an adhesive layer may be formed on a transfer-object article in advance.
- the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is obtained by applying a liquid in which the functional fine particles are dispersed onto the support or the resin layer (the releasable layer in the first type; the base layer, namely the layer not to be released in the second type; the releasable layer in the third type) followed by drying to form a layer containing the functional fine particles, and compressing the layer containing the functional fine particles.
- the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is obtained by compressing at a compression force of at least 44 N/mm 2 .
- the dispersion liquid of the functional fine particles may contain a small amount of a resin, it is particularly preferable that the dispersion liquid does not contain the resin.
- a content of the resin is preferably lower than 25 parts by volume with respect to 100 parts by volume of the functional fine particles.
- the functional film in the case that conductive fine particles are used as the functional fine particles, a functional film having a conductive layer (that is, a conductive film for transfer) is obtained.
- the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is a transparent conducive layer.
- the present invention is an article provided with the functional layer of the functional film.
- the functional layer may be subjected to patterning.
- the present invention is a method for producing an article provided with a functional layer, characterized by transferring the functional layer of the functional film from the support to the object article through an adhesive layer of the functional film and/or an adhesive layer formed on the object article to be provided with the functional layer.
- the present invention is an article provided with a releasable layer comprising the functional layer of the functional film for transfer and subjected to non-glare treatment.
- the preset invention is a method for producing an article provided with a functional layer and subjected to non-glare treatment, characterized by transferring a releasable layer comprising the functional layer of the transfer functional film from the support to an object article to be provided with the functional layer so that a surface released from the support faces outside.
- the adhesive layer of the functional film and/or the adhesive layer formed on the object article may be used.
- a functional film for transfer having a functional layer being excellent in performance is obtained by simple and convenient operations of applying and compressing.
- an article provided with the functional layer and a method for producing the article provided with the functional layer are provided.
- the present invention has advantages in the case that the functional layer with a uniform thickness is provided to an article having poor flexibility such as a plate material.
- a transfer functional film capable of providing a functional layer having excellent performance to an object article and applying non-glare treatment to the object article is obtained by simple and convenient operations of applying and compressing.
- an article provided with the functional layer and subjected to the non-glare treatment, and a method for producing the same are provided.
- the present invention has advantages in the case that the functional layer with a uniform thickness is provided to an article having poor flexibility such as a plate material and that non-glare treatment is applied to the article.
- an adhesive composition suitable as an adhesive for the functional film is provided. Further, a functional film having the adhesive layer composed of the adhesive composition is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a view for describing modes of release.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the third type functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the third type functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the third type functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the article provided with the functional layer in the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the article provided with the functional layer in the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a view for describing release at the time of transfer using the functional film in the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the article provided with the functional layer and subjected to non-glare treatment in the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of the article provided with the functional layer and subjected to non-glare treatment in the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a horizontal projection illustrating one example of the article on which the functional layer of the present invention is subjected to patterning.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of a functional film in which a functional layer ( 4 ) is formed on a support ( 1 ).
- a surface of the support ( 1 ) at the side of the functional layer ( 4 ) is subjected to release treatment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of a functional film in which a resin layer ( 3 ) and a functional layer ( 4 ) are formed in this order on a support ( 1 ).
- the resin layer ( 3 ) is a releasable layer in the first type and a base layer, namely a layer not to be released in the second type.
- a surface of the support ( 1 ) at the side of the resin layer ( 3 ) is subjected to the release treatment, so that the release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ) at the time of transfer.
- the second type close adhesive properties between the support ( 1 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ) are high so that the release occurs between the resin layer ( 3 ) and the functional layer ( 4 ).
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of a functional film in which a resin layer ( 3 ), a functional layer ( 4 ) and an adhesive layer ( 5 ) are formed in this order on a support ( 1 ).
- the adhesive layer ( 5 ) is further formed on the functional layer ( 4 ) in FIG. 3.
- the release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ) at the time of transfer.
- the release occurs between the resin layer ( 3 ) and the functional layer ( 4 ) at the time of transfer.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of the first type functional film in which a hard-coating layer ( 2 ), a resin layer ( 3 ) and a functional layer ( 4 ) are formed in this order on a support ( 1 ).
- a surface of the support ( 1 ) at the side of the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) may be subjected to the release treatment, and may be subjected to none of the release treatment. The release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) at the time of transfer.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of the first type functional film in which a hard-coating layer ( 2 ), a resin layer ( 3 ), a functional layer ( 4 ) and an adhesive layer ( 5 ) are formed in this order on a support ( 1 ).
- the adhesive layer ( 5 ) is further formed on the functional layer ( 4 ) in FIG. 5.
- a surface of the support ( 1 ) at the side of the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) may be subjected to the release treatment, and may be subjected to none of the release treatment. The release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) at the time of transfer.
- FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 Examples of layer constitution of the third type functional film in the present invention are shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 9.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of a functional film for transfer in which a resin layer ( 13 ) and a functional layer ( 14 ) are formed in this order on a non-glare treated surface ( 11 n ) of a support ( 11 ).
- the non-glare treated surface ( 11 n ) of the support ( 11 ) is subjected to the release treatment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of a functional film for transfer in which a hard-coating layer ( 12 ), a resin layer ( 13 ) and a functional layer ( 14 ) are formed in this order on a non-glare treated surface ( 11 n ) of a support ( 11 ).
- the non-glare treated surface ( 11 n ) of the support ( 11 ) may be subjected to the release treatment, and may be subjected to none of the release treatment.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of layer constitution of a functional film for transfer in which a hard-coating layer ( 12 ), a resin layer ( 13 ), a functional layer ( 14 ) and an adhesive layer ( 15 ) are formed in this order on a non-glare treated surface ( 1 n ) of a support ( 11 ).
- the non-glare treated surface ( 11 n ) of the support ( 11 ) may be subjected to the release treatment, and may be subjected to none of the release treatment.
- the functional layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) are not particularly limited, and include layers having various functions such as a conductive layer, an ultraviolet shielding layer, an infrared shielding layer, a magnetic layer, a ferromagnetic layer, a dielectric layer, a ferroelectric layer, an electrochromic layer, an electroluminescent layer, an insulating layer, a light-absorbing layer, a light selecting absorbing layer, a reflecting layer, a reflection preventing layer, a catalyst layer, a photocatalyst layer and the like. Therefore, in the present invention, functional fine particles are used to constitute the aforesaid intended layers.
- the functional fine particles to be used are not particularly limited and may be mainly inorganic fine particles having an agglomeration force.
- a functional coating layer having a sufficient mechanical strength can be obtained, and the disadvantage, caused by a binder resin in the conventional application method that makes use of a large amount of the binder resin, can be eliminated. As a result, the intended function is further improved.
- conductive inorganic fine particles are used such as tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), or the like.
- ATO antimony-doped tin oxide
- FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
- ITO tin-doped indium oxide
- AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
- ITO is preferable.
- those in which the surface of fine particles such as barium sulfate having transparency is coated with an inorganic material such as ATO, ITO, or the like may be used.
- the particle diameter of these fine particles differs depending on the degree of scattering required in accordance with the usage of the conductive film, and may generally vary depending on the shape of the particles; however, it is generally 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably from 5 nm to 100 nm.
- organic conductive fine particles may be used.
- the organic conductive fine particles for example, those in which the surface of the resin fine particles is coated with a metal material, and others may be mentioned.
- iron oxide type magnetic powders such as ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , Co—FeO x , Ba ferrite, etc.
- ferromagnetic alloy powders containing a ferromagnetic metal element such as ⁇ -Fe, Fe—Co, Fe—Ni, Fe—Co—Ni, Co, Co—Ni, etc. as a major component, or the like is used.
- the saturation magnetic flux density of the magnetic coating layer is improved.
- dielectric or ferroelectric fine particles such as magnesium titanate type, barium titanate type, strontium titanate type, lead titanate type, lead titanate zirconate type (PZT), lead zirconate type, lanthanum-doped lead titanate zirconate type (PLZT), magnesium silicate type, a lead-containing perovskite compound, or the like are used.
- metal oxide layer that exhibits various functions
- fine particles of metal oxide such as iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO), zinc oxide (ZnO), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), or the like are used.
- the packing density of metal oxide in the layer increases to improve various functions. For example, if SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 carrying a catalyst is used, a porous catalyst layer having a practicable strength is obtained. If TiO 2 is used, a photocatalyst function is improved. Further, if WO 3 is used, an improvement of chromophoric action in an electrochromic display element is obtained.
- a liquid in which functional fine particles selected from the above-mentioned various functional fine particles are dispersed therein is used as a functional paint in accordance with the objects.
- the functional paint is applied onto a support or onto a resin layer containing a resin as a major component formed on the support and dried to form a layer containing the functional fine particles. Thereafter, the layer containing the functional fine particles is compressed to form a compressed layer of the functional fine particles, thereby to obtain the functional layer.
- the liquid for dispersing the functional fine particles such as conductive fine particles or the like is not particularly limited, and various known liquids may be used.
- saturated hydrocarbons such as hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diethyl ether, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylacetamide, halogenated hydrocarbons such as ethylene chloride and chlorobenzene, and others may be mentioned.
- saturated hydrocarbons such as hexane, aromatic hydrocarbon
- liquids having a polarity are preferable, and in particular, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, and amides such as NMP having an affinity with water are suitable because the dispersion is good without the use of a dispersant.
- alcohols such as methanol and ethanol
- amides such as NMP having an affinity with water are suitable because the dispersion is good without the use of a dispersant.
- These liquids can be used either alone or as a mixture of two or more kinds thereof. Further, a dispersant may be used depending on a kind of the liquid.
- water can be used as the liquid. If water is used as the liquid, the resin layer surface must be hydrophilic.
- the resin film and the resin layer are usually hydrophobic and are water-repellent, so that a uniform layer is not likely to be obtained. In the case described above, it is necessary to mix an alcohol with water or to make a hydrophilic surface of the support.
- the amount of the liquid to be used is not particularly limited, and may be such that the dispersion liquid of the fine particles has a viscosity suitable for application.
- 100 to 100,000 parts by weight of the liquid is used with respect to 100 parts by weight of the fine particles.
- the amount of the liquid may be suitably selected in accordance with kinds of the fine particles and the liquid.
- the dispersion of the fine particles into the liquid may be carried out by a known dispersion technique.
- the dispersion is carried out by the sand grinder mill method.
- a medium such as zirconia beads is also preferable in order to loosen the agglomeration of the fine particles.
- the dispersion liquid of the fine particles does not contain a resin.
- the amount of the resin is preferably zero.
- the resin may be contained in an amount that does not deteriorate the conductivity; however, the amount is extremely small as compared with the amount of the resin used as a binder resin in the prior art.
- the upper limit of the resin contained in the dispersion liquid is less than 25 parts by volume with respect to 100 parts by volume of the conductive fine particles as represented by volume before dispersion.
- the binder In the prior art, one has to use a large amount of the binder in order to obtain a mechanical strength of the coating layer, since strong compression is not carried out. If the resin is used in such an amount as to function as the binder, the contact between the conductive fine particles is inhibited by the binder, and the migration of electrons among the fine particles is inhibited to reduce the conductivity.
- the resin has an effect to improve a haze of the conductive layer.
- the resin in view of the conductivity, is used preferably in a range of less than 25 parts by volume, more preferably in a range of less than 20 parts by volume, with respect to 100 parts by volume of the conductive fine particles as represented by volume before dispersion.
- the effect to improve the haze decreases, it is the most preferable not to use the resin in view of the conductivity.
- the resin in the functional layers using WO 3 fine particles, TiO 2 fine particles or the like, if the resin is not used, the contact between the fine particles is not inhibited by the resin, so that an improvement is achieved in various functions.
- the resin may be contained in an amount that does not inhibit the contact between the fine particles and does not deteriorate the various functions; however, the amount is, for example, about 80 parts by volume or less with respect to 100 parts by volume of the respective fine particles.
- the surface of the fine particles having a catalyst function is not covered with the resin. Therefore, the function as the catalyst is improved.
- the larger the number of voids is in the inside of the layer, the larger the number of active points as the catalyst. In view of this point, it is preferable not to use the resin as much as possible.
- the resin at the time of compression (namely, in the dispersion liquid of the functional fine particles); and even if the resin is used, it is preferably used in a small amount.
- the amount of the resin to be used may be suitably determined because the amount may vary to some extent depending on the object of the functional layer.
- additives may be blended with the dispersion liquid of the fine particles within a range that satisfies the performance required in the function such as the conductivity or the catalyst action.
- the additives such as an ultraviolet absorber, a surfactant, and a dispersant may be blended.
- the supports ( 1 ) and ( 11 ) are suitably flexible resin films that are not cracked even if the compression force of the compression step is increased.
- the resin film is lightweight and can be easily handled.
- the resin film since a pressing step at a high temperature or a calcining step is not carried out, the resin film may be used as the support.
- polyester film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyolefin film such as polyethylene andpolypropylene, polycarbonate film, acrylic film, norbornene film (Arton manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd., or the like), and others may be mentioned.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- polyolefin film such as polyethylene andpolypropylene
- polycarbonate film such as acrylic film
- norbornene film Article manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd., or the like
- a surface of the support ( 11 ) at the side where the functional layer should be formed has unevenness; that is, it is required that the surface is subjected to non-glare treatment. Since the surface of the support has unevenness, a surface of the releasable layer, formed on the support, at the contact side with the support has unevenness in accordance with the unevenness of the support surface. Therefore, when the releasable layer comprising the functional layer is transferred from the support to the object article so that a surface released from the support faces outside, the object article having a surface subjected to the non-glare treatment is obtained.
- a surface of the support ( 1 ) at the side where the functional layer ( 4 ) should be formed may be subjected to the release treatment, so that the formed functional layer ( 4 ) is in a state in which the functional layer ( 4 ) is releasable from the support ( 1 ).
- a silicone releasing agent or the like may be applied onto the support surface.
- a surface of the support ( 1 ) at the side of the resin layer ( 3 ) may be subjected to the release treatment in accordance with affinity of resin materials being composed of the resin layer ( 3 ) with the support ( 1 ), so that the release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ) at the time of transfer.
- the hard-coating layer being low in close adhesive properties with the support may be formed on the surface of the support ( 1 ).
- the hard-coating layer formed by using a silicone resin (for example, with the pencil hardness of larger than 4H, preferably 5H or harder) has low close adhesive properties with the resin film such as PET, so that the support ( 1 ) can be easily released from the hard-coating layer ( 2 ).
- the surface of the support ( 1 ) may be treated with a releasing agent, treatment with the releasing agent is not necessary.
- a surface of the support ( 11 ) at the side where the functional layer ( 14 ) should be formed may be subjected to release treatment in accordance with affinity of materials being composed of the hard-coating layer ( 12 ) with the support ( 11 ), so that the formed functional layer ( 14 ) is in a state in which the functional layer is releasable from the support ( 11 ).
- the silicone releasing agent or the like may be applied onto the support surface.
- the films treated with the releasing agent are generally referred to as release films.
- a hard-coating layer having low close adhesive properties with the support is also preferably formed on the support surface.
- the hard-coating layer formed by using the silicone resin has low close adhesive properties with the resin film such as PET, and can be easily released. In this case, treatment of the support surface with the releasing agent is not necessary.
- the hard-coating layers ( 2 ) and ( 12 ) can be formed by applying a liquid in which a hard-coating material is dissolved into a solvent in accordance with the needs onto the support, drying the applied liquid and curing it.
- the hard-coating material is not particularly limited, and various known hard-coating materials may be used.
- a thermosetting hard-coating material such as silicone type, acrylic type and melamine type may be used.
- the silicone type hard-coating material is excellent in view of obtaining high hardness.
- an ultraviolet-curable type hard-coating material including a radical-polymerizing hard-coating material such as unsaturated polyester resin type and acrylic type, a cation-polymerizing hard-coating material such as epoxy type and vinyl ether type, and others may be used.
- the ultraviolet-curable type hard-coating material is preferable.
- the acrylic type radical-polymerizing hard-coating material is desirable.
- Application of the hard-coating material may be performed by a known method such as a roll coater including gravure cylinder, reverse, and Meyer bar, a slit die coater, or others.
- the applied one is dried at a suitable range of temperature, and then cured.
- the thermosetting hard-coating material by providing suitable heat, for example, the silicone type hard-coating material applied is cured by heating at about 60° C. to 120° for 1 minute to 48 hours.
- the ultraviolet-curable type hard-coating material ultraviolet rays are irradiated for curing.
- the ultraviolet rays may be irradiated by irradiating ultraviolet rays for about 200 to 2000 mJ/cm 2 with the use of a lamp such as a xenon lamp, a low pressure mercury-vapor lamp, a middle pressure mercury-vapor lamp, a high pressure mercury-vapor lamp, a super high pressure mercury-vapor lamp, a metal halide lamp, a carbon arc lamp, or a tungsten lamp.
- a thickness of the hard-coating layer is, for example, about 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably about 2 to 5 ⁇ m.
- An ultraviolet absorber may be contained in the hard-coating layers ( 2 ) and ( 12 ).
- various known ultraviolet absorbers may be used.
- a salicylic acid type ultraviolet absorber, a benzophenone type ultraviolet absorber, a benzotriazole type ultraviolet absorber, a cyanoacrylate type ultraviolet absorber, and the like may be mentioned.
- various known additives such as a light stabilizer including a hindered-amine type light stabilizer and others, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, a fire retardant, or the like, may be also contained in the hard-coating layer, in accordance with the needs.
- the ultraviolet absorber or various additives may be added into the hard-coating material, and may be applied.
- the functional fine particles such as the conductive fine particles are not embedded in the hard-coating layers ( 2 ) and ( 12 ) at the time of compressing processes after drying, thereby failing to provide good close adhesive properties between the fine particles layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) and the hard-coating layers ( 2 ) and ( 12 ), respectively.
- the resin layers ( 3 ) and ( 13 ) comprising a soft resin as a main component are formed on the hard-coating layers ( 2 ) and ( 12 ), respectively, in advance, and that the liquid in which the functional fine particles are dispersed are applied onto the resin layers ( 3 ) and ( 13 ), dried and compressed.
- the resin layers ( 3 ) and ( 13 ) softness of the degree by which the compressed layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) of the functional fine particles are formed with good close adhesive properties is required. Consequently, the resin layers are preferably softer than, for example, pencil hardness of 2H.
- the degree of the softness required for the resin layers varies depending on a hardness of the hard-coating layer used, a kind or a particle diameter of the functional fine particles, compression force or the like.
- soft resins may be used, and as the soft resins, for example, resins capable of obtaining relatively low hardness are used from acrylic resins, urethane resins, vinyl chloride resins, silicone resins or the like.
- the resin layers may contain fine particles such as silica for controlling hardness of the resin layers, or filler for coloring or absorbing ultraviolet rays, in a range that does not give bad influences to close adhesive properties.
- the soft resin layers may be cured by heat or ultraviolet rays.
- the resin layer ( 3 ) has relatively high hardness, for example, pencil hardness of 2H or harder and 4H or softer, so that the release occurs between the resin layer ( 3 ) and the functional layer ( 4 ) at the time of transfer. It is also preferable that close adhesive properties between the support ( 1 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ) are high.
- relatively hard resins may be used, and as such resins, resins capable of obtaining relatively high hardness are used from acrylic resins, urethane resins, vinyl chloride resins, silicone resins or the like.
- the resin layer may contain fine particles such as silica for controlling hardness of the resin layer. After compression, the resin layer may be cured by heat, ultraviolet rays, or the like.
- the resin of the resin layers ( 3 ) and ( 13 ) in the functional film of the first type, the second type and the third type is preferably insoluble into the liquid in which the functional fine particles are dispersed.
- the conductive layer if the resin layer is dissolved, the solution containing the resin comes around the conductive fine particles by capillary phenomenon and, as a result, raises the electric resistance value of the obtained conductive layer.
- the catalyst layer also, the solution containing the resin comes around the fine particles having a catalyst function by capillary phenomenon to cause decrease in the catalyst function.
- the dispersion liquid of the functional fine particles is applied onto the resin layers ( 3 ) and ( 13 ) or onto the supports ( 1 ) and ( 11 ), and dried to form layers containing the functional fine particles such as layers containing the conductive fine particles.
- Application of the dispersion liquid of the fine particles is not particularly limited, and may be carried out by a known method.
- the application may be carried out by the application method such as the reverse roll method, the direct roll method, the blade method, the knife method, the extrusion nozzle method, the curtain method, the gravure roll method, the bar coat method, the dip method, the kiss coat method, the squeeze method, or the like.
- the dispersion liquid may be allowed to adhere onto the support by atomizing, spraying, or the like.
- the drying temperature is preferably about 10 to 150° C. although it depends on a kind of the liquid used for dispersion. If the temperature is lower than 10° C., condensation of moisture in air is liable to occur, whereas if it exceeds 150° C., the resin film support will be deformed. Also, at the time of drying, one must take care not to allow impurities to adhere to the surface of the fine particles.
- the thickness of the layer containing the functional fine particles such as the layer containing the conductive fine particles after application and drying may be about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, though it depends on the compression condition in the next step or on the usage of the each functional film such as the conductive film finally obtained.
- the functional fine particles such as the conductive fine particles are dispersed in the liquid for application and drying, it is easy to form a uniform layer. If the dispersion liquid of the fine particles is applied and dried, the fine particles form a layer even if a binder is not present in the dispersion liquid. The reason why the layer is formed even in the absence of the binder is not necessarily clear; however, when the amount of the liquid decreases by drying, the fine particles gather by a capillary force. Further, it seems that, since they are the fine particles, the specific surface area is large and the agglomeration force is strong to form a layer. However, the strength of the layer at this stage is weak. Also, in the conductive layer, it has a high resistance value and has a large variation of the resistance value.
- the formed layer containing the functional fine particles such as the layer containing the conductive fine particles is compressed to obtain a compressed layer ( 4 ) of the functional fine particles such as the conductive fine particles.
- the compression improves the strength of the layer. Namely, the compression increases the number of contact points among the functional fine particles such as the conductive fine particles to increase the contact area. For this reason, the strength of the coating layer is increased. Since the fine particles are originally liable to be agglomerated, the compression makes a firm layer.
- the strength of the coating layer increases and the electric resistance decreases.
- the strength of the coating layer increases and the layer will be a porous layer, since the resin is not used or used in a small amount. Therefore, a higher catalyst function is obtained.
- the layer can be made into a layer having a high strength in which the fine particles are connected with each other, and also the filling amount of the fine particles per unit volume will be large, since the resin is not used or used in a small amount. For this reason, a higher function is obtained in each layer.
- the compression is preferably carried out at a compression force of at least 44 N/mm 2 . If it is carried out at a low pressure of less than 44 N/mm 2 , the layer containing the functional fine particles such as the layer containing the conductive fine particles cannot be fully compressed and, for example, it is difficult to obtain a conductive layer being excellent in conductivity.
- a compression force of at least 135 N/mm 2 is more preferable, and a compression force of at least 180 N/mm 2 is still more preferable. According as the compression force is higher, the strength of the coating layer is improved, and the close adhesive properties between the functional layer and the support will be improved.
- the conductive layer a layer being more excellent in conductivity is obtained, the strength of the conductive layer is improved, and the close adhesive properties between the conductive layer and the resin layer will be firm. According as the compression force is raised, the pressure resistance of the apparatus must be raised, so that a compression force up to 1000 N/mm 2 is generally suitable.
- the compression is preferably carried out at such a temperature that the support is not deformed.
- the support is the resin film, for example, it will be a temperature range below the glass transition temperature (secondary transition temperature) of the resin.
- the compression is not particularly limited and may be carried out by sheet press or roll press; however, it is preferably carried out by means of a roll press machine.
- the roll press is a method in which the film to be compressed is sandwiched between rolls for compression and the rolls are rotated.
- the roll press is suitable because a high uniform pressure can be applied in the roll press, and the productivity of the roll press is higher than that of the sheet press.
- the roll temperature of the roll press machine is preferably an ordinary temperature (an environment suitable for human work) from the viewpoint of productivity. If the compression is carried out in a heated atmosphere or with heated rolls (hot press), there will be a disadvantage such that the resin film is elongated when the compression pressure is increased. If the compression pressure is reduced in order to prevent the resin film from being elongated under heating, the mechanical strength of the coating layer decreases. In the conductive layer, the mechanical strength of the coating layer decreases and the electric resistance rises. It is also preferable to control the temperature so that the roll temperature may not rise by heat generation in the case where continuous compression is carried out by means of the roll press machine.
- the heated atmosphere may be adopted in order to reduce the relative humidity of the atmosphere; however, the temperature range is within a range such that the film is not easily elongated. Generally, it will be a temperature range below the glass transition temperature (secondary transition temperature). By taking the variation of humidity into account, it may be set at a temperature which is a little higher than the temperature that achieves the required humidity.
- the glass transition temperature of the resin film is determined by measuring the dynamic viscoelasticity, and refers to the temperature at which the dynamic loss of the main dispersion is at its peak.
- its glass transition temperature is approximately around 110° C.
- the roll of the roll press machine is preferably a metal roll because a strong pressure can be applied. Also, if the roll surface is soft, the fine particles may be transferred to the rolls at the compressing time, so that the roll surface is preferably treated with a hard film such as hard chromium, spraying film of ceramics, a film obtained by ionic plating of TiN, etc., DLC (diamond like carbon), or the like.
- a hard film such as hard chromium, spraying film of ceramics, a film obtained by ionic plating of TiN, etc., DLC (diamond like carbon), or the like.
- the compressed layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) of the functional fine particles such as the conductive fine particles are formed.
- the thickness of the compressed layer of the functional fine particles such as the conductive fine particles maybe about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, though it depends on the usage. Further, in order to obtain a thick compressed layer having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, a series of operations comprising application of the dispersion liquid of the fine particles, drying, and compression may be carried out repeatedly. Furthermore, in the present invention, it is of course possible to form the functional layers such as the conductive layer on both surfaces of the support.
- the functional layer such as the transparent conductive layer shows a functionality such as an excellent conductivity or catalyst action, has a practically sufficient strength of the layer even though it is made without the use of the binder resin or with the use of a small amount of the resin such that it does not function as the binder.
- the functional layer also has excellent close adhesive properties with the soft resin layers ( 3 ) and ( 13 ).
- the compressed layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) of the functional fine particles may comprise at least two different compressed layers of functional fine particles.
- multi-layer constitution may be accomplished by combining two or more functional layers having different functions.
- the multi-layer functional layers for solar batteries, electroluminescent elements, electrochromic elements or the like may be obtained by combining two or more functional layers.
- a multi-layer constitution comprising a transparent conductive layer, a transparent insulating layer, a semiconductive layer of chalcopalrite structure composed of groups 1, 3 and 4 elements, and a metal electrode in this order, is illustrated.
- multi layer constitution comprising a transparent conductive layer, a first chromophoric layer, a dielectric layer, a second chromophoric layer and a transparent conductive layer in this order, is illustrated.
- the multi-layer constitution is obtained by performing repeatedly a series of operations comprising applying a dispersion liquid of corresponding functional fine particles, drying and compressing.
- Each layer that constitutes the multi-layer constitution is not necessarily a compressed layer.
- the transparent conductive layer, the transparent insulating layer and the semiconductive layer may be formed by compression and the metal electrode may be formed by vacuum deposition.
- the adhesive layers ( 5 ) and ( 15 ) are formed on the functional layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ), respectively.
- the functional layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) can be easily transferred to the object article to which the functional layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) are intended to be provided, through the adhesive layers.
- an adhesive layer may be formed on a transfer-object article in advance.
- the adhesive layers ( 5 ) and ( 15 ) are formed in the functional film of the present invention and the adhesive layer is further formed on the transfer-object article.
- the adhesive layers ( 5 ) and ( 15 ) of the functional film in the present invention and the adhesive layer formed on the transfer-object article in advance are not particularly limited and various known adhesives may be used, if the adhesive layers have affinity to both the functional layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) of the functional film and a surface of the transfer-object article, and can strongly glue the both.
- an acrylic type adhesive, an epoxy type adhesive, an isocyanate type adhesive, a silicone type adhesive and the like may be mentioned.
- the adhesive may be curable one by ultraviolet rays or heat after transferring to the transfer-object article. Hot melt type may be also used.
- adhesives capable of providing an adhesive layer having a tacky feeling by just applying an adhesive solution and drying, and providing a very hard cured layer by sticking the adhesive layer onto the transfer-object article followed by curing the adhesive layer by ultraviolet rays, are preferable. Softening or deterioration of the adhesive layer after sticking onto the transfer-object article is not preferable.
- An adhesive composition comprising a polymer resin component (P) having a glass transition temperature Tg of 30° C. or higher and a curable low molecular weight component (M) in a weight ratio P/M of 8/2 to 2/8.
- the polymer resin component is a solid at an ordinary temperature and that the curable low molecular weight component is a liquid at an ordinary temperature, a self-adhesive layer having self-adhesive properties and being curable by providing stimulation can be easily formed.
- the self-adhesive layer may have suitable self-adhesive properties.
- the polymer resin component for example, an acrylic resin 103B (manufactured by Taisei Chemical Industries, Ltd.) may be mentioned
- the curable low molecular weight component for example, a tri-or more functional acrylic type monomer such as KAYARAD GPO-303, KAYARAD TMPTA, KAYARAD THE-300 (those were manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) may be mentioned.
- the photopolymerization initiator various one may be used and, for example, KAYACURE DETX-S (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) may be mentioned.
- the adhesive composition is cured by light irradiation, productivity is improved at the time of gluing the functional film onto the object article.
- the adhesive composition may contain additives such as an ultraviolet absorber, an infrared absorber, etc., in accordance with the needs.
- a surface of the adhesive layer may be protected until the time of being used by providing a release film onto the adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layers ( 5 ) and ( 15 ) may be formed in the functional film, by forming an adhesive layer on a separately prepared release support subjected to the release treatment, and by laminating and gluing (closely gluing) the functional film of the present invention with the release support on which the adhesive layer is formed, so that the adhesive layer is brought into contact with the functional layers ( 4 ) and ( 14 ) of the functional film.
- the release support is provided onto the adhesive layer at the same time of the formation of the adhesive layers ( 5 ) and ( 15 ), so that the surface of the adhesive layer is protected until the time of use.
- the adhesive for allowing the functional film having the functional layer on the support to be glued onto the object article, or for allowing the functional layer formed in releasable state on the support to be transferred and glued onto the object article if a general adhesive or self-adhesive is used, there is a case in which the functional layer is destroyed. Namely, if the functional layer formed on the support is thin, and particularly the functional layer mainly comprises inorganic materials, the functional layer is brittle. The self-adhesive can flow. Therefore, in the case that the functional film or the functional layer is glued or transferred to be glued onto the object article using the self-adhesive, the functional layer is liable to be destroyed because the self-adhesive layer flows by locally providing force.
- the adhesives capable of providing an adhesive layer having a tacky feeling by just applying an adhesive solution and drying, and providing a very hard cured layer by sticking the adhesive layer onto the transfer-object article followed by curing the adhesive layer by ultraviolet rays, were developed. Softening or deterioration of the adhesive cured layer after sticking onto the transfer-object article and curing does not occur.
- the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is subjected to heat treatment after formation of the compressed layer of the functional fine particles and before formation of the adhesive layer.
- heat treatment internal stress remained in the resin layer at the forming time of the compressed layer is relaxed so that corrosion resistance of the functional film against various materials or various solvents is improved.
- Conditions for the heat treatment may be suitably selected.
- a temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 50° C. or higher, more preferably 80° C. or higher.
- Upper limit of the temperature of the heat treatment is, for example, normally 130° C. in the case that the resin film is used as the support.
- Heat treatment time is also normally in a range of 1 minute to 100 hours, preferably in a range of 10 minutes to 50 hours, further preferably in a range of 30 minutes to 25 hours.
- An atmosphere at the time of the heat treatment may be an atmosphere under vacuum, reduced pressure, air, nitrogen gas or inert gas such as argon.
- the present invention also relates to an article provided with the functional layer ( 4 ) of the functional films of the first type and the second type described above. Examples of the layer constitution of the articles provided with the functional layer in the present invention are shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the layer constitution in which the functional layer ( 4 ) is provided to a surface of the object article ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ).
- This adhesive layer ( 5 ) is derived from the adhesive layer ( 5 ) of the functional film for transfer and/or the adhesive layer formed on the object article in advance. It has the resin layer ( 3 ) and the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) on the functional layer ( 4 ). Namely, FIG. 10 illustrates an example in which the functional layer ( 4 ) is transferred using the first type functional film shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the layer constitution in which the functional layer ( 4 ) is provided to a surface of the object article ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ).
- This adhesive layer ( 5 ) is derived from the adhesive layer ( 5 ) of the functional film for transfer and/or the adhesive layer formed on the object article in advance.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which the functional layer ( 4 ) is transferred using the functional film shown in FIG. 2, or using the second type functional film shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4.
- the article ( 6 ) as the object is not particularly limited, and may include various articles.
- articles or supports having poor flexibility such as plate materials on which it is difficult to form coating layers with uniform thickness, articles such as glasses and ceramics on which it is difficult to directly form compressed layers, and the like, may be included.
- a CRT surface requires treatments for such as an antistatic, an electromagnetic-wave shielding, a reflection preventing and the like, and the CRT may be mentioned as a concrete example of the object article in the present invention.
- the functional layer ( 4 ) of the functional film described above is transferred from the support ( 1 ) to the object article ( 6 ). Namely, the functional film is stuck onto a surface of the object article through the adhesive layer of the functional film (in the case that this is formed) and/or through the adhesive layer on the object article so that the support ( 1 ) faces outside. Then, the support ( 1 ) of the functional film is released.
- FIG. 12 is a view for describing release at the time of transfer.
- (a) illustrates a state in which the functional film of the first type or the second type shown in FIG. 3 is stuck onto a surface of the transfer-object article( 6 ).
- the terms “releasable” and “not to be released” are used for representing behavior of the layers at the time of transferring to the object article as described below. Therefore, the terms do not mean absolute strength of adhesion.
- an interface between the support ( 1 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ) (referred to as an interface I), an interface between the resin layer ( 3 ) and the functional layer ( 4 ) (referred to as an interface II), an interface between the functional layer ( 4 ) and the adhesive layer ( 5 ) (referred to as an interface III), and an interface between the adhesive layer ( 5 ) and the object article ( 6 ) (referred to as an interface IV) exist.
- the invention of the first type can be achieved by lowering the close adhesive properties at the interface I in comparing with the close adhesive properties at the other interfaces.
- the invention of the second type can be achieved by lowering the close adhesive properties at the interface II in comparing with the close adhesive properties at the other interfaces.
- close adhesive properties of the support ( 1 ) with the resin layer ( 3 ) may be lowered. Therefore, release treatment may be applied to a surface of the support ( 1 ) at the side of the resin layer ( 3 ), so that the release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ) at the time of transfer. Further, the close adhesive properties at the other interfaces may be raised. In order to raise the close adhesive properties of the resin layer ( 3 ) with the functional layer ( 4 ), the resin layer may be relatively soft.
- the close adhesive properties of the resin layer ( 3 ) with the functional layer ( 4 ) may be lowered. According as a hardness of the resin layer ( 3 ) is relatively high, the close adhesive properties of the compressed layer with the resin layer become lower. However, if the resin layer ( 3 ) is a layer being hard such as hard-coating, the close adhesive properties become too low. Generally, it is preferable that the resin layer ( 3 ) has relatively high hardness, for example, the pencil hardness of about 2H to 4H. Further, the close adhesive properties at the other interfaces may be raised. In order to raise the close adhesive properties of the support ( 1 ) with the resin layer ( 3 ), a surface of the support ( 1 ) may be subjected to the treatment for making adhesion easy (for example, corona treatment) to raise the close adhesive properties.
- the treatment for making adhesion easy for example, corona treatment
- the release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the soft resin layer ( 3 ) (in FIG. , an arrow I).
- the close adhesive properties of the functional layer ( 4 ) with the soft resin layer ( 3 ) are good, so that the release does not occur between the functional layer ( 4 ) and the resin layer ( 3 ). Therefore, as shown in (b), the functional layer ( 4 ) is provided to a surface of the object article ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ), so that the resin layer ( 3 ) exists on the functional layer ( 4 ).
- the first type functional film in the present invention preferably has the hard-coating layer ( 2 ), the resin layer ( 3 ), the functional layer ( 4 ) and the adhesive layer ( 5 ) in this order on the support ( 1 ), and in this case, the close adhesive properties of the support ( 1 ) with the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) is low so that the release occurs between the support ( 1 ) and the hard-coating layer ( 2 ). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, the functional layer ( 4 ) is provided to the surface of the object article ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ), so that the resin layer ( 3 ) and the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) exist on the functional layer ( 4 ).
- the article ( 6 ) provided with the functional layer ( 4 ) is obtained by using the first type functional film.
- the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) or the resin layer ( 3 ) of the functional film is exposed.
- the exposed resin layer ( 3 ) may be further removed depending on the usage so that the functional layer ( 4 ) is exposed.
- the hard-coating layer ( 2 ) after transfer also performs useful work as a protective layer of the functional layer ( 4 ).
- the close adhesive properties of the functional layer ( 4 ) with the hard resin layer ( 3 ) are low, so that the release occurs between the resin layer ( 3 ) and the functional layer ( 4 ) (in FIG. , an arrow II). Therefore, as shown in (c), the functional layer ( 4 ) is provided to a surface of the object article ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ), so that a surface of the functional layer ( 4 ) is in a state of exposure.
- the article ( 6 ) provided with the functional layer ( 4 ) is obtained by using the second type functional film.
- the second type functional film is suitable in the case that exposed functional layers are intended to be provided to a surface of the articles.
- the functional film of the first type or the second type can be produced by mainly selecting materials and hardness of the resin layer ( 3 ).
- the adhesive layer may be formed on a surface of the transfer-object article in advance, and the transfer-object article may be subjected to surface treatment in advance.
- the transfer-object article is glass, its surface may be subjected to the surface treatment by means of a silane coupling agent or others.
- the functional film of the present invention includes a functional film according to claim 1 , wherein a resin layer is formed on the support, and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is formed on the resin layer, whereby the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is releasable with including the resin layer from the support at the time of release, and a part of the resin layer remains on the support after releasing.
- This functional film belongs to the first type.
- the functional film of the present invention includes a functional film according to claim 1 , wherein a resin layer is formed on the support, and the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is formed on the resin layer, whereby the compressed layer of the functional fine particles is releasable without including the resin layer from the support at the time of release, and a part of the compressed layer of the functional fine particles remains on the resin layer.
- This functional film belongs to the second type.
- the present invention also relates to an article provide with a releasable layer comprising the functional layer of the transfer functional film of the third type described above, and subjected to non-glare treatment.
- Examples of the layer constitution of the article provided with the functional layer in the present invention are shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the layer constitution in which the functional layer ( 14 ) is provided to a surface of the object article ( 16 ) through the adhesive layer ( 15 ), having the resin layer ( 13 ) of a non-glare surface ( 13 n ).
- This adhesive layer ( 15 ) is derived from the adhesive layer ( 15 ) of the functional film for transfer and/or the adhesive layer formed on the object article in advance.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the layer constitution in which the functional layer ( 14 ) is provided to a surface of the object article ( 16 ) through the adhesive layer ( 15 ), having the hard-coating layer ( 12 ) of a non-glare surface ( 12 n ).
- This adhesive layer ( 15 ) is derived from the adhesive layer ( 15 ) of the functional film for transfer and/or the adhesive layer formed on the object article in advance.
- the article ( 16 ) as the object is not particularly limited, and includes various articles in which providing the functional layer and the non-glare treatment are required.
- articles or supports having poor flexibility such as plate materials on which it is difficult to form a coating layer with uniform thickness, articles such as glasses and ceramics on which it is difficult to directly form a compressed layer, and the like, may be included.
- a CRT surface requires treatments for such as an antistatic, an electromagnetic-wave shielding, a reflection preventing and the like, and the CRT may be mentioned as a concrete example of the object article in the present invention.
- the releasable layer comprising the functional layer ( 14 ) of the functional film is transferred from the support ( 11 ) to the object article ( 16 ), so that a surface released from the support (non-glare treated surface) faces outside.
- the functional film is stuck onto a surface of the object article ( 16 ) by means of the adhesive layer of the functional film and/or the adhesive layer formed on the object article in advance. Then, the support ( 11 ) of the functional film is released.
- the hard-coating layer ( 12 ) after transfer also performs useful work as a protective layer of the functional layer.
- the adhesive layer may be formed on the transfer-object article, and the transfer-object article may be subjected to the surface treatment in advance.
- the transfer-object article is glass
- its surface may be subjected to the surface treatment by means of the silane coupling agent or others.
- a silicone hard-coating liquid KP-854 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied onto a PET film ( 1 ) with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, and the applied liquid was dried and cured at 90° C. for 2 hours to form a silicone hard-coating layer ( 2 ) with a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m.
- ITO fine particles SUFP-HX having a primary particle diameter of 5 to 30 nm manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
- 300 parts by weight of ethanol were added 300 parts by weight of ethanol, and dispersion was carried out by means of a dispersion machine with the use of zirconia beads as a medium.
- the obtained coating liquid was applied onto the resin layer ( 3 ) by means of a bar coater and dried by supplying hot air of 50° C.
- the obtained film will be hereafter referred to as an ITO film before compression.
- the ITO-containing coating layer had a thickness of 1.7 ⁇ m.
- the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) had a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the coating liquid was applied onto the compressed layer ( 4 ) of the aforesaid ITO film which had been subjected to the heat treatment, and dried to form the adhesive layer ( 5 ) with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was touched with a finger, the layer had a tacky feeling.
- the functional film was obtained.
- the obtained functional film was stuck onto the glass plate by means of a laminator so that the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was brought into contact with the glass plate which had been subjected to the surface treatment. Ultraviolet rays were irradiated so that the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was cured. The support PET film ( 1 ) was peeled off. The adhesive layer ( 5 ) was greatly firm. Thus, as shown in FIG. 10, the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was provided to the glass plate ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ).
- a release film was laminated on a surface of the adhesive layer ( 5 ) of the functional film obtained by formation of the adhesive layer. Thereafter, the laminated release film was peeled off, but migration of the adhesive to the release film was not observed.
- the object article was changed from the glass plate in Example 1 to a polycarbonate plate (with a thickness of 5 mm).
- the surface treatment by means of the silane coupling agent was not performed.
- Example 2 The functional film obtained in Example 1 was stuck onto the polycarbonate plate in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the ITO compressed layer was provided.
- the coating liquid for the adhesive layer was applied onto a release PET film S314 (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Co., Ltd.) which had been subjected to silicone treatment, and dried to form the adhesive layer on the release PET film.
- the film having the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) formed thereon and the release PET film having the adhesive layer formed thereon were laminated together so that the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was brought into contact with the adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was formed on the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) to prepare the functional film for transfer.
- the release PET film is not shown in FIG. 4.
- a surface of a glass plate as an object was treated with the silane coupling agent in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the release PET film of the functional film for transfer was peeled off, and the functional film for transfer was stuck onto the glass plate by means of a laminator so that the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was brought into contact with the glass plate which had been subjected to the surface treatment.
- Ultraviolet rays were irradiated to cure the adhesive layer ( 5 ), and the support PET film ( 1 ) was peeled off.
- the glass plate having the ITO layer formed thereon was soaked into a container in which methyl ethyl ketone had been poured for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the glass plate was taken out and wiped by gauze in which methyl ethyl ketone was included to remove the acrylic resin layer ( 3 ), and methyl ethyl ketone was dried off. Thus, the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was exposed.
- the glass plate on which the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was exposed was cut into a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm.
- the electric resistance was measured by applying a tester to two points on diagonally positioned corners and was found out to be 1 k ⁇ .
- a PET film with a thickness of 188 ⁇ m (HPE; manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the coating liquid for the adhesive layer was applied onto a surface, treated for making adhesion easy, of the PET film HPE with a thickness of 188 ⁇ m (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Co., Ltd.) which had been subjected to treatment for making adhesion easy, and dried to form the adhesive layer on the PET film.
- the functional film for transfer and the PET film having the adhesive layer formed thereon were laminated together so that the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was brought into contact with the adhesive layer.
- Ultraviolet rays were irradiated to cure the adhesive layer, and the support PET film ( 1 ) was peeled off.
- the PET film having the ITO layer formed thereon was soaked into a container in which methyl ethyl ketone was poured for 1 minute. Thereafter, the PET film was taken out and wiped by gauze in which methyl ethyl ketone was included to remove the acrylic resin layer ( 3 ), and methyl ethyl ketone was dried off. Thus, the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was exposed.
- the PET film on which the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was exposed was cut into a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm.
- the electric resistance was measured by applying a tester to two points on diagonally positioned corners and was found out to be 1 k ⁇ .
- a silicone resin was used as a hard resin layer.
- a liquid A (100 parts by weight) and a liquid B (300 parts by weight) of FRESCERA-N (manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.) were mixed together to prepare a coating liquid for the resin layer.
- FRESCERA-N manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
- the coating liquid was applied onto the film ( 1 ), dried and cured at 70° C for 24 hours to form a silicone resin layer ( 3 ) with a thickness of 0.7 ⁇ m.
- ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) with a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m was formed on the silicone resin layer ( 3 ) using ITO fine particles having a primary particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm (manufactured by Dowa Kogyo Co. Ltd.) in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the obtained functional film was stuck onto a polycarbonate pate (with a thickness of 2 mm) by means of a laminator so that the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was brought into contact with the polycarbonate plate. Ultraviolet rays were irradiated to cure the adhesive layer ( 5 ).
- the support PET film ( 1 ) was peeled off.
- the silicone resin layer ( 3 ) was peeled off together with the PET film ( 1 ), and the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was exposed.
- the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was provided to the polycarbonate plate ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ).
- the polycarbonate plate provided with the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was cut into a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm.
- the electric resistance was measured by applying a tester to two points on diagonally positioned corners and was found out to be 3 k ⁇ .
- This Example is an example for usage in a contact resistance system matrix type touch panel.
- the transfer functional film produced in Example 5 namely the transfer functional film having the silicone resin layer ( 3 ), the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) and the adhesive layer ( 5 ) in this order on the PET film support ( 1 ) shown in FIG. 4, was used.
- the functional film for transfer was cut into a tape form with a width of 4 mm, and the obtained tape form-functional film was cut into a length of 10 cm to obtain five tapes. These five tapes were stuck in parallel onto the glass by means of a laminator, so that the mutual distance between five tapes was to be 2 mm (namely, with a 6 mm pitch) and the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was brought into contact with the glass plate which had been subjected to the surface treatment. Ultraviolet rays were irradiated to cure the adhesive layer ( 5 ). The support PET film ( 1 ) was peeled off.
- the silicone resin layer ( 3 ) was peeled off together with the PET film ( 1 ), so that the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) was exposed.
- the patterning of the ITO compressed layer ( 4 ) on the glass plate ( 6 ) through the adhesive layer ( 5 ) was accomplished.
- the electric resistance was measured by applying a tester to two points, (P1) and (P2), positioned in longitudinal direction at apart by 1 cm each of both ends and on the center in width direction (namely, distance of each tester is 8 cm) of each ITO compressed layer ( 4 ).
- electric resistance was found out to be 15 k ⁇ . Also, there is no continuity between the five ITO compressed layers with each other.
- a PET film U4 manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Co., Ltd. was used as a support having a non-glare surface.
- a silicone hard-coating liquid KP-854 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied onto the non-glare surface of the PET film U4 ( 11 ) with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, dried and cured at 90° C. for 2 hours to form a silicone hard-coating layer ( 12 ).
- the ITO-containing coating layer had a thickness of 1.7 ⁇ m.
- the ITO compressed layer ( 14 ) had a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the obtained functional film was stuck onto the glass plate by means of a laminator so that the adhesive layer ( 15 ) was brought into contact with the glass plate which had been subjected to the surface treatment. Ultraviolet rays were irradiated to cure the adhesive layer ( 15 ).
- the support PET film ( 11 ) was peeled off.
- the ITO compressed layer ( 14 ) was provided to the glass plate ( 16 ) through the adhesive layer ( 15 ), and the hard-coating layer ( 12 ) having the non-glare surface was exposed.
- a surface, which had not been subjected to the non-glare treatment, of the glass plate ( 16 ) which had been subjected to the non-glare treatment was painted with black ink by means of a black oil pen. Reflected light was measured by means of a spectrophotometer V-570 (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) combined with an integrating sphere (manufactured by JASCO Corporation). The glass plate ( 16 ) was set on the integrating sphere, so that the surface which had been subjected to the non-glare treatment faced to the light (the non-glare treated surface faced to the integrating sphere side). Reflectance of all reflected light at wave length of 550 nm was found out to be 4.7%. Next, reflectance except light of specular reflection at wave length of 550 nm (namely, reflectance of scattering light) was measured and found out to be 2.4%. At least half reflected light was scattered, and reflection of external light could be reduced.
- One surface of the glass plate was painted with black ink by means of a black oil pen.
- the glass plate was set on the integrating sphere, so that the surface which was not painted with black ink faced to the light (a glass surface faced to the integrating sphere).
- Reflectance of all reflected light at wave length of 550 nm was found out to be 4.8%.
- reflectance except light of specular reflection at wave length of 550 nm was measured and found out to be 0.1%. Most reflected light was not scattered and was the light of specular reflection, and reflection of external light was strong.
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US10/445,062 US6797210B2 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2003-05-27 | Functional film having functional layer and article provided with functional layer |
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JP2000149051 | 2000-05-19 | ||
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KR (1) | KR100791725B1 (de) |
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JP3473146B2 (ja) | 1995-01-26 | 2003-12-02 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 導電膜形成用組成物と透明導電膜被覆ガラス板の製造方法 |
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JPH11203942A (ja) * | 1998-01-12 | 1999-07-30 | Kuraray Co Ltd | 透明帯電防止樹脂板 |
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- 2001-05-16 WO PCT/JP2001/004092 patent/WO2001087590A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2001-05-16 EP EP20120187204 patent/EP2567811A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-16 CN CNB018013546A patent/CN1152778C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-16 KR KR1020027000691A patent/KR100791725B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-16 EP EP01932095A patent/EP1225034A4/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-17 US US09/858,504 patent/US20020086138A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-17 TW TW90111811A patent/TWI301798B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-05-27 US US10/445,062 patent/US6797210B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1152778C (zh) | 2004-06-09 |
TWI301798B (en) | 2008-10-11 |
WO2001087590A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 |
CN1380850A (zh) | 2002-11-20 |
EP1225034A4 (de) | 2010-07-07 |
KR100791725B1 (ko) | 2008-01-03 |
EP1225034A1 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
EP2567811A1 (de) | 2013-03-13 |
US20030180521A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
US6797210B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
KR20020016902A (ko) | 2002-03-06 |
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