US11260471B2 - Method and device for monitoring a joining seam during joining by means of a laser beam - Google Patents

Method and device for monitoring a joining seam during joining by means of a laser beam Download PDF

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US11260471B2
US11260471B2 US16/076,309 US201716076309A US11260471B2 US 11260471 B2 US11260471 B2 US 11260471B2 US 201716076309 A US201716076309 A US 201716076309A US 11260471 B2 US11260471 B2 US 11260471B2
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joining
seam
light
joining seam
geometry
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US20210187657A1 (en
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Joachim Schwarz
Stefan Birmanns
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Precitec GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/044—Seam tracking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/003—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to controlling of welding distortion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
    • B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/127—Means for tracking lines during arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/1272—Geometry oriented, e.g. beam optical trading
    • B23K9/1274—Using non-contact, optical means, e.g. laser means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a joining seam, in particular when joining by means of laser radiation for quality assurance.
  • the inspection of the weld seam is usually performed “offline” in downstream inspection cells with sensor systems which serve exclusively for the purpose of inspecting the joining seam, in particular the weld or solder seam.
  • seam inspection system SOUVIS® 5000 from Precitec GmbH & Co. KG.
  • two light lines parallel to one another are projected obliquely onto this as triangulation lines transversely to the seam and are observed by a camera essentially perpendicular to the seam.
  • a high-resolution gray image of the seam is simultaneously recorded. Seam edges are determined via geometrical changes along the triangulation lines, via brightness changes of the triangulation lines and via brightness differences in the gray image.
  • the gray image is also evaluated. Thus, the smallest defects such as pores and molten bath ejection can be detected.
  • a further optical offline test method is known from DE 2011 012 729 A1, in which a laser triangulation line is evaluated for error detection and quality monitoring taking into account its intensity profile.
  • a method and a device for evaluating joints and workpieces are known from WO 03/041902 A1.
  • a laser light line is projected transversely to a joint line or joining seam onto the workpiece and observed by a camera.
  • a gray image is taken at the same time.
  • the course of the joint line is determined from the laser light line and the gray image.
  • the gray image and the image of the laser light line are evaluated in the trailer.
  • a method and a device for optically assessing welding quality during welding is known from WO 2008/028580 A1.
  • images taken by means of a camera of the process and a downstream triangulation line, i.e., a light line extending transversely to the weld seam, are used to assess the quality of the weld seam.
  • An optical measuring device for monitoring a joining seam, a joining head and laser welding head with the same is known from DE 10 2011 104 550 B4.
  • a triangulation light line is generated behind a joining region on the workpiece, which crosses the joining seam and which is detected by a camera.
  • a second camera takes a picture of the joining seam itself.
  • the optical measuring device makes it possible to simultaneously perform a rapid 3D measurement of the joining seam and to detect small local defects.
  • DE 10 2010 011 253 B4 describes a laser processing head with a light-section device, which projects a light line onto a joint line in front of a joint region, and with a camera which observes the light line and the joint region, i.e., a molten bath generated by the laser radiation.
  • the location of the joint line determined in the light-section method is stored as a target trajectory and compared with the location of the associated molten bath center point in order to control the laser processing process.
  • WO2005/095043 A1 describes a laser joining head and laser joining method, in which the measurement of the joint for seam tracking and the measurement of the weld bead for quality monitoring is performed by means of two sensors in a joining head in the leader and in the trailer.
  • a method for detecting errors during a laser processing process and a laser processing device is known from DE 10 2011 078 276 B3, in which emitted and/or reflected radiation at specific wavelengths for spatially resolved evaluation is detected on the workpiece side to enable joint tracking or seam tracking and error detection.
  • a method for preparing and performing a laser welding process is also known from EP 2 062 674 A1, in which the joint line in the leader and the joining seam in the trailer are observed by means of a light-section method, while the processing region itself is detected on the basis of the radiation emitted or reflected thereby.
  • the laser welding process is controlled on the basis of the determined locations of the joint line, the processing region and the joining seam.
  • a method for checking the seam quality during a laser welding process is known from EP 2 567 773 A1, in which two laser light lines in front of or behind the focal spot are monitored by a CMOS camera and the processing region and the molten bath by an InGaAs camera.
  • the location of the joint can therefore be determined, for example, by means of the light-section in front of the laser focal spot, while the location and shape of the seam formed, in particular the curvature or the geometry of the seam upper bead can be detected behind the laser focal spot by means of the light-section.
  • a combined evaluation of the measurement results serves to simultaneously use several seam characteristics for quality assurance.
  • DE 10 2006 004 919 A1 relates to a laser welding head having a first line projector which projects a laser line at an angle to the observation axis of image processing means laterally of the weld seam in a measuring position in the leader. This light-section line is used for seam tracking. To control the weld seam produced, another line projector is provided which projects a laser line on the weld seam laterally to the welding direction at a second measuring position.
  • a method and a device for laser welding of a work piece wherein in welding direction in front of a welding point on the work piece, at least one marker spaced apart from a gap to be joint in the work piece is detected. This marker is also detected in welding direction behind the welding point, for determining an optimal welding position of the laser beam transverse to the welding direction based on the position of the marker transverse to the welding direction, which is detected in front of and behind the welding point.
  • Laser processing or welding heads with camera technology and optics permit the joining position to be detected during welding with a lighting device leading the welding process.
  • the weld seem can be geometrically measured on the basis of the resulting weld bead and examined for defects with a lighting device downstream of the welding process.
  • the exact position of the weld bead i.e., in particular its center position, and its edge points are crucial for the inspection and measurement of weld bead.
  • edge points of the seam are determined incorrectly, the subsequent seam width calculation will also be incorrect.
  • the seam over or under curvature which is calculated from the connecting straight line of the end points to the weld bead, also will be incorrect. If the determined end points of the seam lie too far in the actual seam or on the sheet next to the seam, all calculations of the geometric data will be incorrect. These points must therefore be determined as accurately as possible in order to obtain reliable monitoring and inspection results.
  • absolute measured values can only be calculated if the workpiece location to the sensor is known. In particular, the detection of small defects in the seam is difficult if only the weld bead alone is assessed according to the light-section method due to a triangulation line in the trailer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for monitoring a joining seam, in particular when joining by means of laser radiation, in which the edges of the joining seam or weld bead are reliably detected, so that the quality of the joining seam can be reliably assessed.
  • a joint or joint line is measured in order to detect its position and geometry, then at least one position of a joining seam is determined from the position of the joint, and behind the processing point in the processing direction, the joining seam is measured to detect its geometry at the determined position.
  • the geometry of the weld bead can be reliably detected even in a weld bead geometry, in which the location of the weld bead from the light-section profile is difficult to determine, since the lateral location of the weld bead relative to the seam longitudinal direction from the lateral position of the joint detected in the leader is determined.
  • reliable detection of the geometry of the joining seam can be obtained, which is essential for a reliable assessment of the welding or soldering quality.
  • the position of the processing point is detected, and that the position of the joining seam is determined from the position of both the joint and the position of the processing point. As a result, the accuracy of the position determination is further improved.
  • a width of the joining seam is determined from a width of a keyhole or molten bath generated by laser radiation in the laser focus, wherein the determination of the width of the joining seam is performed from the width of the keyhole or molten bath generated by laser radiation in the laser focus, taking into account material, speed and/or power dependent parameters.
  • the width of the joining seam is determined taking into account the amplitude of the laser beam oscillation.
  • the joining seam known from the position and seam width is measured in order to determine the geometry of the joining seam for quality monitoring.
  • the region of the workpiece surface to be examined for a reliable quality evaluation can be restricted even more precisely to the actual joining seam.
  • each light-section line is projected transversely across the joint line or joining seam and that the images of the light-section lines are evaluated by means of image processing to detect the position and geometry of the joint line in front of the processing location and to detect the position, width and geometry of the joining seam behind the processing location.
  • seam height, seam width, seam area, bead lengths, concavity, convexity of the weld bead and/or dropouts, non-welded holes and/or edge notches are measured to determine the geometry of the joining seam.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be performed with a device for monitoring a joining seam, which device has the following: a first light-section device for generating a light-section line which lies transversely across a joint line in the processing direction before a processing point, a second light-section device for generating a light-section line which lies transversely across a joining seam behind the processing point, a camera that records images of the two light-section lines and the processing point, and an image processing device that detects the geometry of the joining seam as described above for monitoring the joining seam.
  • a laser processing head having focusing optics for focusing a working laser beam onto a workpiece to be welded or soldered is further provided with a first and a second light-section device for respectively projecting a light-section line onto a joint line or joining seam in the leader or trailer of a processing point, and provided with a camera, which records images of the two light-section lines and the processing point on the workpiece surface and outputs these to an image processing device that detects the geometry of the joining seam as described above for monitoring the joining seam.
  • the camera expediently observes the workpiece surface through the focusing optics in the working laser beam path.
  • FIG. 1 a simplified schematic representation of a laser processing head with a device according to the invention for monitoring a joining seam
  • FIG. 2A a screenshot of a recording of a light-section line (light-section) projected onto a joining seam (weld bead),
  • FIG. 2B a schematic representation of the light-section line according to FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 3A a light-section of a joining seam (weld bead) with a flat, difficult to detect transition between the workpiece surface and seam,
  • FIG. 3B a schematic representation of the light-section line according to FIG. 3A .
  • FIG. 4A a screenshot of a recording of the light-section lines in the leader and trailer and of a keyhole or molten bath in the laser processing area
  • FIG. 4B a schematic representation of the light-sections and of the keyhole or molten bath according to FIG. 4 a
  • FIG. 5 a a schematic representation of the light-sections in the leader and trailer and of the keyhole or molten bath on the workpiece during welding of a fillet weld, to illustrate the detection of the geometric data in the leader and trailer and the position of the keyhole or molten bath,
  • FIG. 5 b a schematic representation of the light-sections and the keyhole according to FIG. 5 a , for illustrating the detection of the seam geometry
  • FIG. 6 a a schematic representation of the light-sections in the leader and trailer and of the keyhole or molten bath on the workpiece during welding of a butt joint, to illustrate the detection of the geometric data in the leader and trailer and the position of the keyhole or molten bath,
  • FIG. 6 b a schematic representation of the light-sections and the keyhole according to FIG. 6 a , for illustrating the detection of the seam geometry
  • FIG. 6 c a schematic representation of the light-sections and the keyholes according to FIG. 6 a , for illustrating the detection of the position of the keyhole or molten bath with an oscillating working laser beam.
  • a laser processing head 10 has a housing 11 through which a processing laser beam 12 is led, which is focused by a focusing lens 14 on a workpiece 15 .
  • the focal point or focus 16 in this case lies on the workpiece surface or at a certain distance close above or below, depending on the requirements of the desired weld and melts the workpiece material for welding two sheets or the like.
  • a vapor capillary is commonly configured in the region of the laser focus 16 , that is, the so-called tool center point (TCP), which is also referred to as a keyhole and which lies in the center of the processing area.
  • TCP tool center point
  • a camera 18 is provided for observing the keyholes or molten bath, which camera receives process radiation, back reflections and other light reflected at the workpiece surface via the focusing lens 14 , a partially transmissive mirror 19 arranged in the working beam path and a camera objective 20 for observing the workpiece surface.
  • the partially transmissive mirror 19 is substantially transparent to the working laser radiation, while it is reflective to other wavelength ranges.
  • a first and a second light-section device 21 , 22 is provided, the respective laser light source 23 , 24 of which projects a laser light line, which is referred to below as a light-section line 25 , 26 or simply as a light-section.
  • the laser light sources 23 , 24 emit a laser beam 27 , 28 , which is configured fan-shaped either in a manner not shown, or which scans the surface of the workpiece transversely to the joint line or joining seam at high speed.
  • the images recorded by the camera 18 are delivered to an image processing device 30 which, from the light-section line 25 in the leader, measures the location or position of the joint line, an edge offset and a crack between the workpieces to be welded, for example, between two sheets.
  • the shape and position of the joining seam or weld bead are detected from the light-section line 26 in the trailer.
  • the seam height, the seam width, the seam area, the length of the weld bead surface in the transverse direction of the seam, the concavity or convexity of the seam are detected to thereby also identify dropouts and holes in the seam and edge notches.
  • the working laser radiation and/or process light reflected back from the region of interaction between working laser beam 12 and workpiece 15 is recorded by the camera 18 .
  • FIG. 4A An image as seen by the camera is shown in FIG. 4A .
  • the position of the joint line in the leader is used to track the laser focus 16 on the joint line when the laser focus 16 reaches the point of the joint line whose position is to be used for tracking.
  • the distance of the light-section line 25 in front of the laser focus 16 to the laser focus 16 and the feed rate at which the laser processing head 10 is guided along the joint line is to be taken into account.
  • the feed rate is preferably read from a machine control, not shown, which controls the movement of the laser processing head 10 .
  • the distance between the laser processing head 10 and workpiece 15 can be deduced from the distances between the light-section lines 25 , 26 and the laser focus 16 , since the distances between the light-section lines 25 , 26 and the laser focus 16 increase when the laser processing head 10 approaches the workpiece 15 , while the distances decrease when the laser processing head 10 moves away from the workpiece 15 .
  • the workpiece surface shape and possibly also a tilting of the laser processing head 10 with respect to a perpendicular to the workpiece surface can be detected from the angles of the light-section lines to one another and from their general shape.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of a light-section line 26 that is projected on a convex weld bead.
  • the arc-shaped region of the light-section line 26 represents the surface of the weld bead, the edges of which are marked by the vertical lines 1 and r.
  • the distance A between the points of intersection of the lines 1 and r with the light line 26 i.e., the Euclidean distance between the left and right edge point, represents the width of the seam, while the seam height H of the weld bead is given by the distance between the connecting line A and the arc-shaped region of the light-section line 26 .
  • the length of the weld bead is given by the length of the light line 26 between the marking lines 1, r.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example of a light-section line 26 in the trailer, in which the surface of the left workpiece passes over flat into the seam area, so that the left edge of the weld bead is difficult to detect.
  • the edges of the weld bead are marked by the lines 1, r, or the width of the seam is illustrated by the distance A.
  • FIG. 4A (a) and (b) shows a screenshot of the camera image, thus the image that the camera 18 records of the workpiece surface.
  • the upper light-section line 25 represents the light-section in the leader, wherein the edge offset and the crack between the workpieces can be seen as a gap 30 .
  • the position of the joint line in the leader is determined from this gap 30 .
  • the region of interaction between the working laser beam 12 and the workpiece 15 in particular the keyhole or the molten bath generated by the working laser beam, can be seen as a spot 31 .
  • the position of the TCP can be determined from the location of the spot 31 , which corresponds to the center of the spot 31 , that is, the center of the keyhole or the molten bath.
  • the lower light-section line 26 represents the light-section in the trailer, from which the individual parameters of the weld bead are determined, which are required to determine the quality of the weld.
  • the spot 31 which represents an image of the keyhole or the molten bath, is deflected leftward, while in FIG. 4A , B (b), the keyhole or the molten bath is deflected to the right.
  • the keyhole also oscillates quickly transversely the joint in a laser processing head, in particular welding head with fast oscillating laser beam.
  • a laser processing head in particular welding head with fast oscillating laser beam.
  • the amplitude of the oscillation enters into the seam width, as is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 6 c.
  • FIG. 4 shows images of three regions of the workpiece surface recorded at the same time.
  • the position of the joint line in the leader and/or the position of the tool center point or laser focus 16 which is determined from the spot 31 , is used for the determination of the seam center position, i.e., the location of the seam center transverse to the longitudinal direction of the joint line and/or the seam width, as is explained in greater detail below, it is also necessary to take into account the time required for the light-section line 26 to reach the position in which the position of the keyhole from the spot 31 was determined.
  • the time delay results from the distance between the tool center point and the light-section and the respective feed rate, which can be constant or variable.
  • the joining position i.e., the location or position of the joint line, the crack between the workpieces and the edge offset from the position and geometry of the gap 30 are determined from the geometry of the light-section line 25 in the leader.
  • 3D points of the workpiece surface are detected, which are indicated in the drawing as crosses.
  • the location and size of the keyhole or molten bath is determined from the spot 31 .
  • the geometry of the workpiece surface and in particular the geometry of the weld bead in the trailer is in turn determined from the light-section line 26 .
  • 3D points of the sheet metal or workpiece geometry in the space are detected, which are also indicated as crosses.
  • the location of the weld bead transverse to the joint line, as indicated by the arrow 34 results from the joining position, which is determined from the location of the gap 30 , and the offset between the joining position and the position of the subsequently recorded spot 31 .
  • the width of the weld bead, which is indicated by the arrow 35 resulting from the width of the spot 31 , which is indicated by the double arrow 33 , and another factor, which depends on the feed rate, the material of the workpieces, the power of the working laser beam and the geometry of the workpiece surface in the leader.
  • the region results in the recorded light-section line 26 , which should be examined for the quality control of the weld in order to detect the seam geometry and dropouts, holes and edge notches.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate the situation with fillet welds
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show the corresponding elements in the welding of a butt splice, i.e., in the welding of a seam in which the two workpieces or sheets with their edges stand directly opposite each other without offset.
  • the seam width and the seam position are determined in a butt splice welding in the same manner as was described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B for the welding of a fillet weld.
  • the keyhole also oscillates quickly transverse to the joint.
  • the position of the spot 31 i.e., the position of the keyhole or molten bath, varies according to the amplitude of the laser beam deflection.
  • the corresponding deflection of the spot 31 is illustrated in FIG. 6 c by the double arrow 40 .
  • the amplitude of the oscillation enters into the width of the spot 31 .
  • the determination of the position (seam center position) and the width of the joining seam from the position of the joint line in the leader, the offset between the position of the joint line in the leader and the keyhole, i.e., the spot 31 , and from the position of the keyhole and the keyhole or spot width is particularly important, since in the ideal case, the light-section line 26 in the trailer has no interruption or deviation, since the joining seam then has a surface that is ideally aligned with two workpieces to be welded.
  • the offset of the weld bead to the joining position i.e., the TCP
  • the exact determination of weld bead end point is made possible in the image search region of the light-section line in the trailer, which are determined via the leader and spot (TCP).
  • TCP leader and spot
  • the laser power can also be measured and used for correlation with the brightness and geometry data in order to obtain a robust quality statement by correlation of all the data described above.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
US16/076,309 2016-02-12 2017-02-10 Method and device for monitoring a joining seam during joining by means of a laser beam Active 2039-06-06 US11260471B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102016102492.9A DE102016102492B4 (de) 2016-02-12 2016-02-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen einer Fügenaht sowie Laserbearbeitungskopf
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US20210187657A1 (en) 2021-06-24
CN108883495A (zh) 2018-11-23
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