TWI766369B - Gear shifting system and method for electric locomotive - Google Patents
Gear shifting system and method for electric locomotive Download PDFInfo
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- TWI766369B TWI766369B TW109132297A TW109132297A TWI766369B TW I766369 B TWI766369 B TW I766369B TW 109132297 A TW109132297 A TW 109132297A TW 109132297 A TW109132297 A TW 109132297A TW I766369 B TWI766369 B TW I766369B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M25/00—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles
- B62M25/08—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles with electrical or fluid transmitting systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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Abstract
本發明為一種電動機車的檔位變換系統及方法,該電動機車的檔位變換系統包含一節流閥位置感知器(TPS)、一馬達控制器及一整車控制器,該節流閥位置感知器感測一油門開度以產生一油門開度訊號,該馬達控制器接收代表該馬達的一馬達實際轉速的一馬達轉速訊號,其中,該整車控制器接收該油門開度訊號及該馬達轉速訊號並且根據該油門開度訊號計算出一平均油門變化率,在電動機車處於二檔且該平均油門變化率符合一加速補正條件中的預設門檻值時,該整車控制器輸出一換檔指令以控制該電動機車由二檔降至一檔,令電動機車具有較佳的加速性能。The present invention is a gear shifting system and method for an electric locomotive. The gear shifting system for an electric locomotive includes a throttle position sensor (TPS), a motor controller and a vehicle controller. The throttle position sensing The device senses a throttle opening to generate a throttle opening signal, the motor controller receives a motor speed signal representing the actual speed of a motor of the motor, wherein the vehicle controller receives the accelerator opening signal and the motor the speed signal and calculates an average accelerator change rate according to the accelerator opening signal. When the electric locomotive is in the second gear and the average accelerator change rate meets a preset threshold value in an acceleration correction condition, the vehicle controller outputs a change The gear command is used to control the electric scooter from the second gear to the first gear, so that the electric scooter has better acceleration performance.
Description
一種電動機車的檔位變換技術,尤指一種可根據電動機車的當下操作狀態,即時自動切換電動機車於一檔或二檔的系統及方法。A gear shifting technology for an electric scooter, especially a system and method that can automatically switch the electric scooter to the first gear or the second gear according to the current operating state of the electric scooter.
電動機車的動力源來自於裝載在機車內的電池,利用電池的電力驅動馬達運轉而帶動輪子旋轉,使機車行駛前進。一般電動機車是以固定的齒輪比進行動力輸出,換句話說,電動機車的行駛速度完全是以馬達的轉速決定。當馬達的轉速越高則行駛速度越快,反之,馬達的轉速越低則行駛速度越慢。The power source of the electric locomotive comes from the battery loaded in the locomotive, and the electric motor of the battery is used to drive the motor to rotate to drive the wheels to rotate, so that the locomotive moves forward. Generally, the electric locomotive is powered by a fixed gear ratio. In other words, the running speed of the electric locomotive is completely determined by the rotational speed of the motor. When the rotational speed of the motor is higher, the driving speed is faster, and conversely, the driving speed is slower when the rotational speed of the motor is lower.
當遭遇平地行駛、爬坡路段或停車後起步等不同的行車狀況時,由於電動機車缺乏換檔機制,難以應對特殊的行車狀況所需的扭力來對應調整動力輸出。對於具有檔位變換功能的電動機車而言,在不改變馬達最大輸出功率的條件下,礙於固定齒輪比的限制,當電動機車要追求加速性能時,會使得最大時速上限較低;當追求最大時速上限時,則又會導致加速性能較差。若要再考慮騎乘者的體驗感受,將使得電動機車的換檔機制更為複雜。When encountering different driving conditions such as driving on flat ground, climbing sections or starting after parking, due to the lack of shifting mechanism of electric scooters, it is difficult to adjust the power output corresponding to the torque required for special driving conditions. For the electric locomotive with the gear shifting function, under the condition of not changing the maximum output power of the motor, due to the limitation of the fixed gear ratio, when the electric locomotive pursues the acceleration performance, the upper limit of the maximum speed will be lower; When the maximum speed limit is reached, it will lead to poor acceleration performance. If the rider's experience is to be considered again, the shifting mechanism of the electric scooter will be more complicated.
[發明所欲解決之技術問題][Technical problem to be solved by the invention]
為克服現有電動機車難以考量騎乘者的體驗而提供適切的自動換檔機制,本發明提供一種電動機車的檔位變換系統,以期為電動機車提供適切的檔位變化功能。In order to overcome the difficulty of considering the rider's experience in the existing electric scooter and provide an appropriate automatic shifting mechanism, the present invention provides a gear shifting system for an electric scooter, so as to provide an appropriate gear changing function for the electric scooter.
[解決問題之技術手段][Technical means to solve problems]
依據本發明之較佳技術手段,本發明提供一種電動機車的檔位變換系統,該電動機車包含一馬達、一換檔馬達以及一變速箱,該電動機車可於一檔及二檔之間交替切換檔位,該電動機車的檔位變換系統包含:According to the preferred technical means of the present invention, the present invention provides a gear shifting system for an electric locomotive. The electric locomotive includes a motor, a shifting motor and a gearbox, and the electric locomotive can alternate between the first gear and the second gear. To switch gears, the gear shifting system of this electric scooter includes:
一節流閥位置感知器,感測一油門開度以產生一油門開度訊號;The throttle valve position sensor senses a throttle opening to generate a throttle opening signal;
一馬達控制器,接收一馬達轉速訊號,該馬達轉速訊號代表該馬達的一馬達實際轉速;a motor controller, receiving a motor speed signal, the motor speed signal representing an actual speed of a motor of the motor;
一整車控制器,電連接該節流閥位置感知器及該馬達控制器,用以接收該油門開度訊號及該馬達轉速訊號,該整車控制器根據該油門開度訊號計算出一平均油門變化率;a vehicle controller, electrically connected to the throttle position sensor and the motor controller, for receiving the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal, the vehicle controller calculates an average value according to the accelerator opening signal Throttle change rate;
其中,該整車控制器預設有加速補正條件,該加速補正條件中包含判斷該平均油門變化率是否大於或等於一預設門檻值,該電動機車處於二檔時,若該整車控制器判斷該平均油門變化率大於或等於該預設門檻值,輸出一換檔指令給該換檔馬達以控制該電動機車的檔位切換到一檔。Wherein, the vehicle controller is preset with an acceleration correction condition, and the acceleration correction condition includes judging whether the average throttle change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, when the electric locomotive is in the second gear, if the vehicle controller It is judged that the average throttle change rate is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, and a shift command is output to the shift motor to control the gear of the electric scooter to switch to the first gear.
依據本發明之較佳技術手段,本發明提供一種電動機車的檔位變換方法,該電動機車包含一馬達且可於一檔及二檔之間交替切換檔位,該電動機車的自動換檔方法包含有:According to the preferred technical means of the present invention, the present invention provides a gear shifting method of an electric scooter, the electric locomotive includes a motor and can alternately switch gears between the first gear and the second gear, and the automatic shifting method of the electric locomotive Contains:
感測該電動機車的一油門開度及一馬達實際轉速,以分別產生一油門開度訊號及一馬達轉速訊號;Sensing a throttle opening and a motor actual speed of the electric locomotive to generate a throttle opening signal and a motor speed signal respectively;
根據該油門開度計算一平均油門變化率;Calculate an average throttle change rate according to the throttle opening;
預設一加速補正條件,其中,該加速補正條件中包含判斷該平均油門變化率是否大於或等於一預設門檻值;Presetting an acceleration correction condition, wherein the acceleration correction condition includes determining whether the average throttle change rate is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value;
當該電動機車處於二檔時,判斷該平均油門變化率是否大於或等於該預設門檻值,若是,則輸出一換檔指令以控制該電動機車將檔位切換到一檔。When the electric scooter is in the second gear, determine whether the average throttle change rate is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, and if so, output a shift command to control the electric scooter to switch the gear to the first gear.
[發明之功效][Effect of invention]
本發明的檔位變換系統及方法,可在電動機車處於二檔時,隨著騎乘者急催油門把手使平均油門變化率滿足該加速補正條件,整車控制器即可發出一換檔指令,令電動機車從二檔轉換為一檔,使電動機車具有較高的加速性能。With the gear shifting system and method of the present invention, when the electric scooter is in the second gear, as the rider urgently pushes the throttle handle to make the average throttle change rate meet the acceleration correction condition, the vehicle controller can issue a shift command , so that the electric locomotive is converted from the second gear to the first gear, so that the electric locomotive has a high acceleration performance.
請參看圖1所示,為電動機車檔位變換系統的第一實施例,包含有:一節流閥位置感知器10、一馬達控制器20、一整車控制器30;該電動機車可包含有一換檔馬達50、一變速箱60、一油門把手70以及一馬達80,其中,該電動機車具有一檔及二檔的檔位,當電動機車行駛於一檔時具有較佳的加速性能,騎乘者可體驗到較明顯的加速感;當電動機車行駛於二檔時會有較高的最大時速上限。Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a first embodiment of a gear shifting system for an electric locomotive, including: a throttle
該節流閥位置感知器10(Throttle Position Sensor, TPS, 或稱油門開度感知器)感測該電動機車的一油門開度,並根據該油門開度輸出一油門開度訊號T,其中,該電動機車的該油門開度可由與該節流閥位置感知器10電連接的該油門把手70控制,該油門把手70的轉動幅度與該油門開度為正相關,該油門開度是以百分比(%)表示,當駕駛者轉動該油門把手70的幅度越大,該油門開度的百分比越高。The throttle position sensor 10 (Throttle Position Sensor, TPS, or throttle opening sensor) senses a throttle opening of the electric scooter, and outputs a throttle opening signal T according to the throttle opening, wherein, The throttle opening of the electric locomotive can be controlled by the
該馬達控制器20與該電動機車的該馬達80電連接,以接收一馬達轉速訊號M。該馬達80用於提供整車的動力來源,在該馬達80上設置有一霍爾感知器81,該霍爾感知器81用以感測該馬達80的一馬達實際轉速(rpm),再根據該馬達實際轉速產生該馬達轉速訊號M。The
該整車控制器30(VCU)電連接該節流閥位置感知器10及該馬達控制器20,以接收該油門開度訊號T及該馬達轉速訊號M,並將該油門開度訊號T及該馬達轉速訊號M向後端傳輸。該整車控制器30可進一步連接電動機車的一電池管理系統(BMS)100,從該電池管理系統100中取得該電動機車的電池溫度、電池殘餘電量等數據。The vehicle controller 30 (VCU) is electrically connected to the
該整車控制器30將接收到的電動車資訊即時與預設的換檔條件相比較,以判斷是否自動變換該電動機車的目前檔位,若判斷需要換檔,則輸出一換檔指令,關於該整車控制器30的換檔判斷流程,於下文再進一步詳細說明。該電動車資訊可包含該油門開度訊號T及該馬達轉速訊號M,根據該油門開度訊號T及該馬達轉速訊號M取得該電動機車的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速,亦可進一步包含該電動機車的電池溫度、電池殘餘電量等。The
該換檔馬達50與該整車控制器30電連接,以接收該換檔指令並根據該換檔指令控制該變速箱60進行換檔,使該電動機車可於一檔及二檔之間交替切換檔位。The
該變速箱60中可包含有一作動桿61、一離合器62及一齒輪組63。當該換檔馬達50接收到該換檔指令時,該換檔馬達50帶動一纜繩而牽動該作動桿61,透過該作動桿61控制該離合器62,再由該離合器62帶動該齒輪組63切換為不同的齒輪比以進行換檔作業,其中,當該離合器62張開時該電動機車處於一檔狀態,當該離合器62夾緊時該電動機車處於二檔狀態。The
請參看圖2所示,本發明的檔位變換方法透過上述圖1的該電動機車檔位變換系統執行,其步驟包含有:Referring to FIG. 2 , the gear shifting method of the present invention is executed through the electric vehicle gear shifting system of FIG. 1 , and the steps include:
S101:整車控制器30取得電動車資訊,該電動車資訊包含有油門開度訊號T、馬達轉速訊號M,還可進一步包含電動機車的電池溫度、電池殘餘電量。S101: The
S102:判斷加速補正條件,其中,該加速補正條件包含:(a)平均油門變化率是否大於等於一預設門檻值,若大於等於該預設門檻值,則判斷加速補正條件成立。請參考圖3所示,該平均油門變化率的計算方式是擷取複數筆油門開度的單位時間變化量,再對該複數筆的變化量計算其平均值,例如在時間點t1、t2、t3分別擷取到的油門開度分別是10%、20%、30%,則三筆油門開度之單位時間變化量Δ0、Δ1、Δ2分別是:Δ0=10-0=10;Δ1=20-10=10;Δ2=30-20=10,因此平均油門變化率是該三筆變化量的平均值(10+10+10)/3=10%。若該預設門檻值設定為10%,以本範例而言,計算出來的平均油門變化率為10%,即判斷為加速補正條件成立。S102: Determine the acceleration correction condition, wherein the acceleration correction condition includes: (a) whether the average throttle change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, and if it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, then determine that the acceleration correction condition is established. Please refer to FIG. 3 , the calculation method of the average throttle change rate is to capture the unit time change of the throttle opening of a plurality of strokes, and then calculate the average value of the change of the plurality of strokes, for example, at time points t1, t2, The throttle opening degrees captured by t3 are 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, and the unit time changes Δ0, Δ1, and Δ2 of the three accelerator opening degrees are: Δ0=10-0=10; Δ1=20 -10=10; Δ2=30-20=10, so the average throttle change rate is the average of the three changes (10+10+10)/3=10%. If the preset threshold value is set to 10%, in this example, the calculated average throttle change rate is 10%, that is, it is determined that the acceleration correction condition is satisfied.
在另一實施例中,該加速補正條件可以是複合式條件,即除了上述的條件(a)之外再加入:(b)電池溫度是否低於一溫度門檻值,例如55℃;(c)電池殘餘電量是否大於或等於一電量門檻值,例如10%;(d)馬達實際轉速是否小於或等於一轉速門檻值,例如5000rpm。當該加速補正條件為複合式條件時,則當所有條件(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)均滿足後,則判斷該加速補正條件成立;相反的,只要有任一種條件不成立,例如電池溫度高於該溫度門檻值,或電池殘餘電量低於該電量門檻值,或馬達實際轉速大於該轉速門檻值,則會判斷該加速補正條件不成立。因為在一檔時需要從電池抽取較高電量,所以判斷電池溫度及電池殘餘電量可提高電動機車的騎乘安全性,避免電池溫度過高或電力不足發生意外。而額外判斷馬達實際轉速是為了避免因加速補正機制回到一檔後,又因馬達實際轉速達到二檔切換條件而回復到二檔,導致頻繁切換檔位。In another embodiment, the acceleration correction condition may be a composite condition, that is, in addition to the above condition (a), add: (b) whether the battery temperature is lower than a temperature threshold, such as 55°C; (c) Whether the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to a power threshold, such as 10%; (d) whether the actual speed of the motor is less than or equal to a speed threshold, such as 5000rpm. When the acceleration correction condition is a compound condition, when all conditions (a), (b), (c), and (d) are satisfied, it is judged that the acceleration correction condition is established; on the contrary, as long as there is any one of the conditions If not, for example, the battery temperature is higher than the temperature threshold, or the battery residual power is lower than the power threshold, or the actual speed of the motor is greater than the speed threshold, then it will be judged that the acceleration correction condition does not hold. Because a higher power needs to be drawn from the battery in the first gear, judging the battery temperature and the remaining battery power can improve the riding safety of the electric scooter and avoid accidents caused by excessive battery temperature or insufficient power. The purpose of additionally judging the actual speed of the motor is to avoid returning to the second gear due to the actual speed of the motor reaching the second gear switching condition after returning to the first gear due to the acceleration correction mechanism, resulting in frequent gear switching.
S103:根據該加速補正條件的判斷結果,決定一加速補正旗標暫存器的狀態。在本實施例中,當加速補正條件經判斷成立後,將該加速補正旗標暫存器的狀態設定為一第一狀態,例如設定為“1”代表該第一狀態;相反的,當加速補正條件判斷不成立時,將該加速補正旗標暫存器的狀態設定為一第二狀態,例如將該加速補正旗標暫存器清除為“0”代表該第二狀態。該加速補正旗標暫存器可以是該整車控制器30中的一個旗標暫存器(flag register)。S103: Determine the state of an acceleration correction flag register according to the judgment result of the acceleration correction condition. In this embodiment, after the acceleration correction condition is determined to be established, the state of the acceleration correction flag register is set to a first state, for example, set to "1" to represent the first state; When it is judged that the correction condition is not established, the state of the acceleration correction flag register is set to a second state. For example, clearing the acceleration correction flag register to "0" represents the second state. The acceleration correction flag register may be a flag register in the
S104:判斷目前該電動機車的檔位狀態位於一檔或二檔,若位於二檔,則執行一降檔判斷流程200;若位於一檔,則執行一升檔判斷流程300。在該降檔判斷流程200中,包含有以下步驟:S104: It is judged that the current gear state of the electric scooter is in the first gear or the second gear, if it is in the second gear, execute a
S201:判斷該加速補正旗標的狀態為第一狀態或第二狀態。S201: Determine whether the state of the acceleration correction flag is the first state or the second state.
S202:當該加速補正旗標的狀態為該第一狀態(例如設定為”1”)時,該整車控制器30輸出一換檔指令至該換檔馬達50,令檔位由二檔降為一檔;此加速降檔的操作可發生在電動機車已處於二檔,而騎乘者為了享有更顯著的加速感,因此快速轉動油門把手而滿足加速補正條件,令電動機車快速轉換為一檔。S202: When the state of the acceleration correction flag is the first state (for example, set to "1"), the
S203:當該加速補正旗標的狀態為該第二狀態(例如清除為”0”)時,該整車控制器30根據該電動機車的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速,與圖4所示的一降檔臨界曲線41相比較,判斷是否符合降檔條件。S203: When the state of the acceleration correction flag is the second state (for example, cleared to "0"), the
S204:若判斷為符合降檔條件,該整車控制器30輸出一換檔指令至該換檔馬達50,令檔位由二檔降為一檔。此一般降檔的操作可發生在電動機車已處於二檔,而騎乘者漸漸放鬆油門把手或煞車,使得馬達實際轉速降低,令電動機車轉換為一檔。S204: If it is determined that the downshift condition is met, the
在該升檔判斷流程300中,圖2所示的方法第一實施例中包含有以下步驟:In the
S301:該整車控制器30根據該電動機車的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速,與圖4所示的一正常升檔臨界曲線42相比較,判斷是否符合升檔條件。S301 : The
S302:若判斷為符合升檔條件,該整車控制器30輸出一換檔指令至該換檔馬達50,令檔位由一檔升為二檔。S302 : If it is determined that the upshift condition is met, the
參考圖4所示,上述步驟S203中採用的該降檔臨界曲線41包含以馬達轉速及油門開度所共同定義的複數個降檔臨界點,且該降檔臨界曲線41由各組相鄰的兩個該降檔臨界點以等差法求得。同樣地,在上述步驟S301中的該正常升檔臨界曲線42包含以馬達轉速及油門開度所共同定義的複數個升檔臨界點,且該正常升檔臨界曲線42由各組相鄰的兩個該升檔臨界點以等差法求得。圖中將油門開度以100%、70%、30%及0%定義為分界點,將馬達轉速以500rpm、2000rpm、3000rpm及4000rpm為分界點,該降檔臨界曲線41以油門開度的分界點及馬達轉速的分界點組合出四個該降檔臨界點,即(500rpm,0%)、(500rpm,30%)、(3000rpm,70%)及(3000rpm,100%),該正常升檔臨界曲線42同樣具有四個該升檔臨界點,即(2000rpm,0%)、(2000rpm,30%)、(4000rpm,70%)及(4000rpm,100%)。圖4的兩種曲線只是範例說明,該整車控制器30可設定及更新該複數個降檔臨界點及該複數個升檔臨界點的參數值,例如根據不同電動機車的型號/性能制訂該降檔臨界曲線41及該正常升檔臨界曲線42。在該油門開度數值相同的條件下,該正常升檔臨界曲線42上對應的該馬達轉速大於該降檔臨界曲線41對應的該馬達轉速,例如油門開度均為30%,該正常升檔臨界曲線42對應的該馬達轉速為2000rpm,大於該降檔臨界曲線41對應的該馬達轉速500rpm。Referring to FIG. 4 , the downshift
當該電動機車的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速數值進入到該正常升檔臨界曲線42的右側區域時,代表該電動機車進入二檔狀態;當該電動機車的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速數值降低至該降檔臨界曲線41的左側區域時,代表該電動機車進入一檔狀態。而該正常升檔臨界曲線42及該降檔臨界曲線41之間的區域為一緩衝區A,當該電動機車的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速的數值進入該緩衝區A內時,該電動機車維持在其原本的檔位狀態。When the throttle opening of the electric locomotive and the actual rotational speed of the motor enter the right region of the normal upshifting
因此,在上述的步驟S203中,若整車控制器30得到的電動機車資訊表示目前的該油門開度為80%、該馬達實際轉速為4050rpm(即第二狀態S
2),而隨著使用者操作該電動機車使得該油門開度降低至40%與該馬達實際轉速降低至500rpm(即由第二狀態S
2轉變為第一狀態S
1),該整車控制器30根據即時的該油門開度40%換算出在降檔臨界曲線41上對應的馬達轉速分界點為1125rpm,並判斷該馬達實際轉速500rpm小於該馬達轉速分界點1125rpm (500rpm<1125rpm),即符合降檔條件,因此發出一換檔指令至該換檔馬達50,控制該電動機車從二檔變換至一檔。在另一種情況下,若電動機車的狀態只是從第二狀態S
2轉變至該緩衝區A內,例如轉變成第三狀態S
3(即2500rpm, 60%),該整車控制器30並不會輸出一換檔指令。
Therefore, in the above-mentioned step S203, if the electric vehicle information obtained by the
在上述的步驟S301中,若整車控制器30得到的電動機車資訊表示目前的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速的數值分別為40%及500rpm(即第一狀態S
1),隨著使用者操作該電動機車令該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速分別提高至80%及4050rpm(即由第一狀態S
1轉變為第二狀態S
2),該整車控制器30根據當下的該油門開度80%換算出在該正常升檔臨界曲線42上對應的馬達轉速分界點為4000rpm,並判斷出該馬達實際轉速4050rpm大於該馬達轉速分界點4000rpm (4050rpm>4000rpm),符合升檔條件,因此發出一換檔指令至該換檔馬達50,控制該電動機車從一檔變換至二檔。
In the above-mentioned step S301, if the electric locomotive information obtained by the
請參考圖5所示,在本發明檔位變換方法的第二實施例中,前述步驟S101~S104及該降檔判斷流程200均與圖2的第一實施例相同,差別之處在於方法的第二實施例中該升檔變換流程300包含以下的步驟:Referring to FIG. 5 , in the second embodiment of the gear shifting method of the present invention, the aforementioned steps S101 to S104 and the
S301a:判斷該加速補正旗標的狀態為第一狀態或第二狀態;S301a: judging that the state of the acceleration correction flag is the first state or the second state;
S302a:當該加速補正旗標的狀態為該第一狀態(例如設定為”1”)時,該整車控制器30選用一補正升檔臨界曲線43作為判斷基準;S302a: when the state of the acceleration correction flag is the first state (for example, set to "1"), the
S303a:當該加速補正旗標的狀態為該第一狀態(例如清除為”0”)時,該整車控制器30選用該正常升檔臨界曲線42作為判斷基準;S303a: when the state of the acceleration correction flag is the first state (for example, cleared to "0"), the
S304a:該整車控制器30根據該電動機車的該油門開度及該馬達實際轉速,與選用的該補正升檔臨界曲線43或選用的該正常升檔臨界曲線42相比較,判斷是否符合升檔條件;S304a: The
S305a:若判斷為符合升檔條件,該整車控制器30輸出一換檔指令至該換檔馬達50,令檔位由一檔升為二檔。S305a: If it is determined that the upshift condition is met, the
請參考圖6所示,上述步驟S303所述的補正升檔臨界曲線43與該正常升檔臨界曲線42不同,該補正升檔臨界曲線43的四個補正升檔臨界點分別是(3000rpm,0%)、(3000rpm,30%)、(5000rpm,70%)及(5000rpm,100%),在該油門開度數值相同的條件下,該補正升檔臨界曲線43上對應的該馬達轉速大於該正常升檔臨界曲線42對應的該馬達轉速,因此該補正升檔臨界曲線43與該正常升檔臨界曲線42兩者完全不重疊;但是在其它實施例中,該補正升檔臨界曲線43可以與該正常升檔臨界曲線42部分重疊。當該整車控制器30判斷選用該補正升檔臨界曲線43作為判斷基準時,代表該電動機車先前是因為符合加速補正條件而由二檔快速降為一檔,為了使電動機車能在一檔持續較長的時間,避免檔位再次快速地從一檔升為二檔,因此選用該補正升檔臨界曲線43作為判斷基準,要求馬達轉速提升至更高速度時才轉變為二檔,如此一來騎乘者可在一檔可享有較佳的加速感。Please refer to FIG. 6 , the corrected upshift
整體而言,本發明的檔位變換系統及方法可對電動機車提供以以下數種檔位變換操作:In general, the gear shifting system and method of the present invention can provide the following gear shifting operations for electric locomotives:
1.加速補正降檔:當電動機車處於二檔,當騎乘者急催油門把手而符合加速補正條件時,該整車控制器30發出一換檔指令,令電動機車從二檔轉換為一檔,使電動機車具有較高的加速性能。1. Acceleration correction and downshift: when the electric scooter is in the second gear, when the rider urgently presses the accelerator handle and meets the acceleration correction conditions, the
2.正常升檔/降檔:在電動機車未滿足加速補正條件的狀態下,仍可根據電動機車當下的馬達實際轉速與該降檔臨界曲線41、該正常升檔臨界曲線42相比較,若符合升檔/降檔條件,控制電動機車切換至二檔或一檔。2. Normal upshift/downshift: In the state where the electric scooter does not meet the acceleration correction conditions, the actual motor speed of the electric scooter can still be compared with the downshift
3.補正升檔:當電動機車因為符合加速補正條件而由二檔快速降為一檔後,該整車控制器30可參考預設之補正升檔臨界曲線43作為判斷基準,使電動機車的馬達轉速提升至更高速度時才符合升檔條件,如此能防止檔位快速地從一檔升為二檔。3. Compensation upshift: When the electric locomotive is rapidly downgraded from the second gear to the first gear because it meets the acceleration compensation conditions, the
綜上所述,乃僅記載本發明為呈現解決問題所採用的技術手段之實施方式或實施例而已,並非用來限定本發明專利實施之範圍。即凡與本發明專利申請範圍文義相符,或依本發明專利範圍所做的均等變化與修飾,皆為本發明專利範圍所涵蓋。To sum up, the present invention merely describes the implementation manner or example of the technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the problem, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent implementation of the present invention. That is, all the equivalent changes and modifications that are consistent with the context of the scope of the patent application of the present invention, or made in accordance with the scope of the patent of the present invention, are all covered by the scope of the patent of the present invention.
10:節流閥位置感知器 20:馬達控制器 30:整車控制器 41:降檔臨界曲線 42:正常升檔臨界曲線 43:補正升檔臨界曲線 50:換檔馬達 60:變速箱 61:作動桿 62:離合器 63:齒輪組 70:油門把手 80:馬達 81:霍爾感知器 100:電池管理系統 200:降檔判斷流程 300:升檔判斷流程 A:緩衝區 T:油門開度訊號 M:馬達轉速訊號 S 1:第一狀態 S 2:第二狀態 S 3:第三狀態 10: Throttle valve position sensor 20: Motor controller 30: Vehicle controller 41: Downshift critical curve 42: Normal upshift critical curve 43: Corrected upshift critical curve 50: Shift motor 60: Gearbox 61: Actuating lever 62: Clutch 63: Gear set 70: Throttle handle 80: Motor 81: Hall sensor 100: Battery management system 200: Downshift judgment process 300: Upshift judgment process A: Buffer T: Throttle opening signal M : Motor speed signal S 1 : First state S 2 : Second state S 3 : Third state
圖1:本發明電動機車檔位變換系統的系統方塊圖。 圖2:本發明電動機車檔位變換方法第一實施例的流程圖。 圖3:本發明當中的平均油門變化率的取樣示意圖。 圖4:本發明中的降檔邊界曲線、正常升檔邊界曲線的示意圖。 圖5:本發明電動機車檔位變換方法第二實施例的流程圖。 圖6:本發明中的降檔邊界曲線、加速升檔邊界曲線的示意圖。 Fig. 1: The system block diagram of the gear shifting system of the electric locomotive of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the first embodiment of the gear shifting method of the electric locomotive of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a sampling diagram of the average throttle change rate in the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a downshift boundary curve and a normal upshift boundary curve in the present invention. Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the second embodiment of the gear shifting method of the electric locomotive of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a downshift boundary curve and an acceleration upshift boundary curve in the present invention.
10:節流閥位置感知器 20:馬達控制器 30:整車控制器 50:換檔馬達 60:變速箱 61:作動桿 62:離合器 63:齒輪組 70:油門把手 80:馬達 81:霍爾感知器 100:電池管理系統 T:油門開度訊號 M:馬達轉速訊號 10: Throttle position sensor 20: Motor Controller 30: Vehicle Controller 50: Shift motor 60: Gearbox 61: Actuator 62: Clutch 63: Gear Set 70: Throttle handle 80: Motor 81: Hall sensor 100: Battery Management System T: accelerator opening signal M: Motor speed signal
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