TWI630071B - 薄型工件夾具 - Google Patents

薄型工件夾具 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI630071B
TWI630071B TW106136219A TW106136219A TWI630071B TW I630071 B TWI630071 B TW I630071B TW 106136219 A TW106136219 A TW 106136219A TW 106136219 A TW106136219 A TW 106136219A TW I630071 B TWI630071 B TW I630071B
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Taiwan
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clamping
slope
item
workpiece fixture
thin workpiece
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TW106136219A
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TW201916980A (zh
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戴仲裕
陳科翰
黃啓榮
彭達仁
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財團法人工業技術研究院
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Priority to TW106136219A priority Critical patent/TWI630071B/zh
Priority to CN201711128495.6A priority patent/CN109693125B/zh
Priority to US15/822,741 priority patent/US10456882B2/en
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Publication of TWI630071B publication Critical patent/TWI630071B/zh
Publication of TW201916980A publication Critical patent/TW201916980A/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B23Q3/065—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/107—Retention by laterally-acting detents, e.g. pins, screws, wedges; Retention by loose elements, e.g. balls
    • B23B31/1075—Retention by screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/13—Surface milling of plates, sheets or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B23Q3/063—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B1/00—Vices
    • B25B1/24—Details, e.g. jaws of special shape, slideways
    • B25B1/2405—Construction of the jaws
    • B25B1/2457—Construction of the jaws with auxiliary attachments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
    • B23B2215/64—Thin walled components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B23C9/005—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter milling heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/021—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
    • B23Q39/022—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with same working direction of toolheads on same workholder

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一種薄型工件夾具，包括二夾持裝置，每一夾持裝置包括承載件與夾合件，承載件具有承載部與支撐部；支撐部設置於承載部上，其頂部設有階梯部，階梯部具有底面以及具有一斜率之側面；夾合件具有夾合部與阻尼部，夾合部之一側緣為一斜面，其斜率與側面之斜率相同；阻尼部由至少二彈性層與至少一金屬層以一相同於側面及斜面之斜率穿插設置而成，其中一彈性層並與夾合部之斜面相連接，另一彈性層則設置於支撐部。

Description

薄型工件夾具
本發明是有關於一種工件夾具，尤指一種具有多維模態減振斜面使各模態達成減振功效，可降低工件於切削過程中的振動並且於穩態下進行之薄型工件夾具。
關於薄型工件之切削製程，例如航太薄壁葉片，一般使用簡易夾具或僅用螺絲鎖固於床台上加工。請參閱圖6所示，習知夾持裝置90分別夾持於一工件20之相對二側，夾持裝置90由一底座92與蓋板91所組成，底座92與蓋板91均由金屬材料製成，當對工件20之兩面進行壓制並經銑削後，將使工件20形成如圖6虛線所示之薄型件。
在初胚與中胚銑削加工時，材料移除量較大，加工效率需求高，容易引起較大的振動，尤其當工件越切削越輕薄，剛性變低而容易振動或顫振，加工中的切削穩態區域將越來越小，穩態的加工參數選擇受限，造成加工效率不佳。因此工件須降低加工過程的振動且於穩態下進行加工，以避免切削時振動過大造成工件精度不佳或受損而造成良率問題。
習知工件的減振裝置均為外掛或靠在工件的外側，並且由彈簧組合而成，此方面的設計缺點為僅能針對單一區間頻率(單一模態) 減振，但薄壁工件的自然頻率和模態振型具有多樣形態，無法全然降低其他模態的影響。
其次，習知減振夾具僅為單一方向進行減振，而工件的振動模態為三維運動，必須透過應力分析找出最大剪應力面才可使振動模態減低。
據此，如何能有一種具有多維模態減振斜面以使各模態達成減振功效，可降低薄型工件切削製程的振動且於穩態下進行之『薄型工件夾具』，是本技術領域所亟待解決之課題。
於一實施例中，本發明提出一種薄型工件夾具，包含二夾持裝置，每一夾持裝置包括：一承載件，為金屬材料製成，承載件具有：一承載部，其具有一承載面；一支撐部，設置於承載部上，其頂部之一側設有一階梯部，階梯部具有一底面以及一表面具有一斜率之側面；一夾合件，其具有：一夾合部，為金屬材料製成，夾合部之一側緣為斜面，斜面之斜率與側面之斜率相同；一阻尼部，由至少二彈性層與至少一金屬層以一相同於側面及斜面之斜率穿插設置構成，其中一彈性層位於最側邊並與夾合部之斜面相連接，每一彈性層為具有彈性之非金屬材料製成。
先前技術：
90‧‧‧習知夾持裝置
91‧‧‧蓋板
92‧‧‧底座
本發明：
100‧‧‧薄型工件夾具
10‧‧‧夾持裝置
1‧‧‧承載件
11‧‧‧承載部
12‧‧‧支撐部
111‧‧‧承載面
112‧‧‧固定螺孔
121‧‧‧階梯部
1211‧‧‧底面
1212‧‧‧側面
122、231‧‧‧通孔
2‧‧‧夾合件
21‧‧‧夾合部
211‧‧‧斜面
212‧‧‧固定螺孔
22‧‧‧阻尼部
23‧‧‧螺孔
221‧‧‧彈性層
222‧‧‧金屬層
3‧‧‧連接螺栓
4‧‧‧固定螺栓
20‧‧‧工件
D‧‧‧距離
F1‧‧‧第一方向
L1~L4‧‧‧曲線
T1、T2‧‧‧厚度
θ 1‧‧‧夾角
圖1為本發明之一薄型工件夾具之結構圖。
圖2為本發明圖1之結構分解圖。
圖3為本發明圖1之結構分解側視圖。
圖4為設計本發明夾合件之斜率之莫爾圓圖。
圖5為本發明圖1之結構組合圖。
圖6為習知夾持裝置夾持工件之組合圖。
圖7為本發明與習知夾持裝置之頻率響應函數比較圖。
圖8為本發明與習知夾持裝置之切削穩態比較圖。
請參閱圖1所示實施例，薄型工件夾具100包含二夾持裝置10，二夾持裝置10採沿一第一方向F1對稱方式設置，並分別夾持一工件20(虛線所示)之相對二側。
請參閱圖2及圖3所示，由於本發明之二夾持裝置10結構對稱，因此以一夾持裝置10作為說明例。夾持裝置10包括一以金屬材料製成之承載件1與一夾合件2。
承載件1具有一承載部11與一支撐部12。承載部11具有一承載面111，承載面111平行於第一方向F1。
支撐部12設置於承載部11上，其頂部之一側設有一階梯部121，階梯部121具有一表面平行於第一方向F1之底面1211以及一表面具有一斜率之側面1212。側面1212之表面與底面1211之間具有一大於90度之夾角θ 1。
夾合件2具有一夾合部21與一阻尼部22。夾合部21為金屬材料製成，夾合部21之一側緣為斜面211，斜面211之斜率與側面1212之斜率相同。
阻尼部22由二彈性層221與一金屬層222以一相同於側面1212及斜面211之斜率穿插設置而成，其中一彈性層221位於最側邊並與夾合部21之斜面211相連接。每一彈性層221之厚度T1小於二彈性層221間之金屬層222之厚度T2，金屬層222例如是設置於二彈性層221之間，並且二側面具有相同於側面1212及斜 面211之斜率。
值得說明的是，彈性層221與金屬層222之層數可依實際所需變化，不限於圖示之總共三層。
阻尼部22一側之彈性層221設置於階梯部121，阻尼部22與夾合部21之底面抵靠於階梯部121之底面1211，夾合部21之相對另一側突伸於支撐部12外，夾合部21之底面平行於第一方向F1且與承載面111之間具有一距離D。
夾合件2係可分離地設置於支撐部12。支撐部12與夾合件2之間設有相對應之通孔122、231與螺孔23，每一相對應之通孔122、231與螺孔23設有一連接螺栓3，每一連接螺栓3約略平行第一方向F1由支撐部12之外部穿入支撐部12並穿過二彈性層221與金屬層222後螺合於夾合部21。圖2係象徵性地僅示出一根連接螺栓3。
關於承載件1、夾合部21、彈性層221與金屬層222所採用之材料，其中，承載件1、夾合部21與金屬層222之材料皆為碳鋼，但不以此為限；彈性層221為具有非線性彈性之非金屬材料製成，例如橡膠或瀝青其中之一，但不以此為限。
此外，承載件1、夾合部21與金屬層222舉例所採用之金屬材料之楊氏係數大於工件20(可參閱圖1所示工件)所使用之材料之楊氏係數；金屬層222所採用之金屬材料之楊氏係數大於每一彈性層221所使用材料之楊氏係數。
請參閱圖4所示，本發明所提供之薄型工件夾具100是以莫爾圓確認夾具的最大剪應力面的角度，以決定彈性層221之斜率。根據最大剪應力公式：
而後計算出最大剪應力面角度θ，以上述設置條件而言，θ 1夾角約為105度，即θ 1=90+θ：
請參閱圖2及圖5所示，將二夾持裝置10沿一第一方向F1對稱設置並分別夾持於一工件20之相對二側，於夾合部21、承載部11與工件20之間設有相對應之固定螺孔212、112，每一固定螺孔212、112設有一固定螺栓4，每一固定螺栓4約略垂直第一方向F1由夾合部21之外部螺入夾合部21，而後鎖固工件20於承載部11之承載面111上，形成圖5所示狀態後，即可安裝於切削機台上，對工件20之兩面進行切削，使工件20形成如圖5虛線所示之薄件。
將圖5所示本發明夾持工件與圖6所示以習知夾持裝置夾持工件進行切削模擬實驗，均驗證本案具有顯著的減振效果。
請參閱圖7所示，粗曲線L1代表以本發明夾持工件進行銑削，細曲線L2代表以習知夾持裝置夾持工件進行銑削，驗證本發明可顯著地降低振幅。
請參閱圖8所示，粗曲線L3代表以本發明夾持工件進行銑削，細曲線L4代表以習知夾持裝置夾持工件進行銑削，驗證在相同的銑削軸速時，本發明能大幅提昇銑削深度。
綜上所述，本發明所提供之薄型工件夾具，透過高阻尼多模態減振夾具與多維模態減振斜面設計進行夾具設計，不僅可找出最有 效的減振結構位置，也可針對多模態的結構進行減振，且可依據需求產品需求設計減振斜面。
惟以上所述之具體實施例，僅係用於例釋本發明之特點及功效，而非用於限定本發明之可實施範疇，於未脫離本發明上揭之精神與技術範疇下，任何運用本發明所揭示內容而完成之等效改變及修飾，均仍應為下述之申請專利範圍所涵蓋。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種薄型工件夾具，包含二夾持裝置，每一該夾持裝置包括：一承載件，為金屬材料製成，該承載件具有：一承載部，其具有一承載面；一支撐部，位於該承載部上，其頂部設有一階梯部，該階梯部具有一底面以及具有一斜率之一側面；以及一夾合件，其具有：一夾合部，為金屬材料製成，該夾合部之一側緣為一斜面，該斜面之斜率與該側面之斜率相同；及一阻尼部，由至少二彈性層與至少一金屬層以一相同於該側面及該斜面之斜率穿插設置而成，其中之一該彈性層與該夾合部之該斜面相連接，每一該彈性層為具有彈性之非金屬材料製成。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中該支撐部之該側面與該底面之間具有一大於90度之夾角。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中每一該彈性層之厚度小於二該彈性層間之該金屬層之厚度。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中該金屬層所採用之金屬材料之楊氏係數大於每一該彈性層所使用材料之楊氏係數。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中該承載件、該夾合部與該金屬層之材料為碳鋼。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中該承載件、該夾合部與該金屬層所採用之金屬材料之楊氏係數大於被夾持工件所使用材料之楊氏係數。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中該彈性層所使用之材料為非線性彈性材料之橡膠或瀝青其中之一。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中該夾合件係可分離地設置於該支撐部。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之薄型工件夾具，其中該支撐部與該夾合件之間是藉由對應之螺孔、通孔與連接螺栓完成設置。
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US10456882B2 (en) 2019-10-29

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