CN109693125A - 薄型工件夹具 - Google Patents
薄型工件夹具 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109693125A CN109693125A CN201711128495.6A CN201711128495A CN109693125A CN 109693125 A CN109693125 A CN 109693125A CN 201711128495 A CN201711128495 A CN 201711128495A CN 109693125 A CN109693125 A CN 109693125A
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- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
- B23Q3/065—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material
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- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/02—Chucks
- B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
- B23B31/107—Retention by laterally-acting detents, e.g. pins, screws, wedges; Retention by loose elements, e.g. balls
- B23B31/1075—Retention by screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23C—MILLING
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- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
- B23Q3/063—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding turbine blades
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- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
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- B25B1/00—Vices
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- B25B1/2405—Construction of the jaws
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- B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
- B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
- B23Q39/021—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
- B23Q39/022—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with same working direction of toolheads on same workholder
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Abstract
本发明公开一种薄型工件夹具,包括两个夹持装置,每一夹持装置包括承载件与夹合件,承载件具有承载部与支撑部;支撑部设置于承载部上,其顶部设有阶梯部,阶梯部具有底面以及具有一斜率的侧面;夹合件具有夹合部与阻尼部,夹合部的一侧缘为一斜面,其斜率与侧面的斜率相同;阻尼部由至少两层弹性层与至少一金属层以一相同于侧面及斜面的斜率穿插设置而成,其中一弹性层并与夹合部的斜面相连接,另一弹性层则设置于支撑部。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种工件夹具,尤其是涉及一种具有多维模态减振斜面使各模态达成减振功效,可降低工件于切削过程中的振动并且于稳态下进行的薄型工件夹具。
背景技术
关于薄型工件的切削制作工艺,例如航太薄壁叶片,一般使用简易夹具或仅用螺丝锁固于床台上加工。请参阅图6所示,现有夹持装置90分别夹持于一工件20的相对两侧,夹持装置90由一底座92与盖板91所组成,底座92与盖板91均由金属材料制成,当对工件20的两面进行压制并经铣削后,将使工件20形成如图6虚线所示的薄型件。
在初胚与中胚铣削加工时,材料移除量较大,加工效率需求高,容易引起较大的振动,尤其当工件越切削越轻薄,刚性变低而容易振动或颤振,加工中的切削稳态区域将越来越小,稳态的加工参数选择受限,造成加工效率不佳。因此工件需降低加工过程的振动且于稳态下进行加工,以避免切削时振动过大造成工件精度不佳或受损而造成良率问题。
现有工件的减振装置均为外挂或靠在工件的外侧,并且由弹簧组合而成,此方面的设计缺点为仅能针对单一区间频率(单一模态)减振,但薄壁工件的自然频率和模态振型具有多样形态,无法全然降低其他模态的影响。
其次,现有减振夹具仅为单一方向进行减振,而工件的振动模态为三维运动,必须通过应力分析找出最大剪应力面才可使振动模态减低。
据此,如何能有一种具有多维模态减振斜面以使各模态达成减振功效,可降低薄型工件切削制作工艺的振动且于稳态下进行的『薄型工件夹具』,是本技术领域所亟待解决的课题。
发明内容
在一实施例中,本发明提出一种薄型工件夹具,包含两个夹持装置,每一夹持装置包括:一承载件,为金属材料制成,承载件具有:一承载部,其具有一承载面;一支撑部,设置于承载部上,其顶部的一侧设有一阶梯部,阶梯部具有一底面以及一表面具有一斜率的侧面;一夹合件,其具有:一夹合部,为金属材料制成,夹合部的一侧缘为斜面,斜面的斜率与侧面的斜率相同;一阻尼部,由至少两层弹性层与至少一金属层以一相同于侧面及斜面的斜率穿插设置构成,其中一弹性层位于最侧边并与夹合部的斜面相连接,每一弹性层为具有弹性的非金属材料制成。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一薄型工件夹具的结构图;
图2为本发明图1的结构分解图;
图3为本发明图1的结构分解侧视图;
图4为设计本发明夹合件的斜率的莫尔圆图;
图5为本发明图1的结构组合图;
图6为现有夹持装置夹持工件的组合图;
图7为本发明与现有夹持装置的频率响应函数比较图;
图8为本发明与现有夹持装置的切削稳态比较图。
符号说明:
现有技术:
90-现有夹持装置
91-盖板
92-底座
本发明:
100-薄型工件夹具
10-夹持装置
1-承载件
11-承载部
12-支撑部
111-承载面
121-阶梯部
1211-底面
1212-侧面
122、231-通孔
2-夹合件
21-夹合部
211-斜面
212-固定螺孔
22-阻尼部
23-螺孔
221-弹性层
222-金属层
3-连接螺栓
4-固定螺栓
20-工件
D-距离
F1-第一方向
L1~L4-曲线
T1、T2-厚度
θ1-夹角
具体实施方式
请参阅图1所示实施例,薄型工件夹具100包含两个夹持装置10,两个夹持装置10采沿一第一方向F1对称方式设置,并分别夹持一工件20(虚线所示)的相对两侧。
请参阅图2及图3所示,由于本发明的两个夹持装置10结构对称,因此以一夹持装置10作为说明例。夹持装置10包括一以金属材料制成的承载件1与一夹合件2。
承载件1具有一承载部11与一支撑部12。承载部11具有一承载面111,承载面111平行于第一方向F1。
支撑部12设置于承载部11上,其顶部的一侧设有一阶梯部121,阶梯部121具有一表面平行于第一方向F1的底面1211以及一表面具有一斜率的侧面1212。侧面1212的表面与底面1211之间具有一大于90度的夹角θ1。
夹合件2具有一夹合部21与一阻尼部22。夹合部21为金属材料制成,夹合部21的一侧缘为斜面211,斜面211的斜率与侧面1212的斜率相同。
阻尼部22由两层弹性层221与一金属层222以一相同于侧面1212及斜面211的斜率穿插设置而成,其中一弹性层221位于最侧边并与夹合部21的斜面211相连接。每一弹性层221的厚度T1小于两层弹性层221间的金属层222的厚度T2,金属层222例如是设置于两层弹性层221之间,并且两个侧面具有相同于侧面1212及斜面211的斜率。
值得说明的是,弹性层221与金属层222的层数可依实际所需变化,不限于图示的总共三层。
阻尼部22一侧的弹性层221设置于阶梯部121,阻尼部22与夹合部21的底面抵靠于阶梯部121的底面1211,夹合部21的相对另一侧突伸于支撑部12外,夹合部21的底面平行于第一方向F1且与承载面111之间具有一距离D。
夹合件2可分离地设置于支撑部12。支撑部12与夹合件2之间设有相对应的通孔122、231与螺孔23,每一相对应的通孔122、231与螺孔23设有一连接螺栓3,每一连接螺栓3约略平行第一方向F1由支撑部12的外部穿入支撑部12并穿过两层弹性层221与金属层222后螺合于夹合部21。图2象征性地仅示出一根连接螺栓3。
关于承载件1、夹合部21、弹性层221与金属层222所采用的材料,其中,承载件1、夹合部21与金属层222的材料都为碳钢,但不以此为限;弹性层221为具有非线性弹性的非金属材料制成,例如橡胶或沥青其中之一,但不以此为限。
此外,承载件1、夹合部21与金属层222举例所采用的金属材料的杨氏系数大于工件2(可参阅图1所示工件)所使用的材料的杨氏系数;金属层222所采用的金属材料的杨氏系数大于每一弹性层221所使用材料的杨氏系数。
请参阅图4所示,本发明所提供的薄型工件夹具100是以莫尔圆确认夹具的最大剪应力面的角度,以决定弹性层221的斜率。根据最大剪应力公式:
而后计算出最大剪应力面角度θ,以上述设置条件而言,θ1夹角约为105度,即θ1=90+θ:
请参阅图2及图5所示,将两个夹持装置10沿一第一方向F1对称设置并分别夹持于一工件20的相对两侧,在夹合部21、承载部11与工件20之间设有相对应的固定螺孔212,每一固定螺孔212设有一固定螺栓4,每一固定螺栓4约略垂直第一方向F1由夹合部21的外部螺入夹合部21,而后锁固工件20于承载部11的承载面111上,形成图5所示状态后,即可安装于切削机台上,对工件20的两面进行切削,使工件20形成如图5虚线所示的薄件。
将图5所示本发明夹持工件与图6所示以现有夹持装置夹持工件进行切削模拟实验,均验证本案具有显著的减振效果。
请参阅图7所示,粗曲线L1代表以本发明夹持工件进行铣削,细曲线L2代表以现有夹持装置夹持工件进行铣削,验证本发明可显著地降低振幅。
请参阅图8所示,粗曲线L3代表以本发明夹持工件进行铣削,细曲线L4代表以现有夹持装置夹持工件进行铣削,验证在相同的铣削轴速时,本发明能大幅提升铣削深度。
综上所述,本发明所提供的薄型工件夹具,通过高阻尼多模态减振夹具与多维模态减振斜面设计进行夹具设计,不仅可找出最有效的减振结构位置,也可针对多模态的结构进行减振,且可依据需求产品需求设计减振斜面。
以上所述的具体实施例,仅是用于例释本发明的特点及功效,而非用于限定本发明的可实施范畴,在未脱离本发明上揭的精神与技术范畴下,任何运用本发明所揭示内容而完成的等效改变及修饰,均仍应为所附的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (9)
1.一种薄型工件夹具,包含两个夹持装置,每一该夹持装置包括:
承载件,为金属材料制成,该承载件具有:
承载部,其具有一承载面;
支撑部,位于该承载部上,其顶部设有阶梯部,该阶梯部具有底面以及具有一斜率的侧面;以及
夹合件,其具有:
夹合部,为金属材料制成,该夹合部的侧缘为一斜面,该斜面的斜率与该侧面的斜率相同;及
阻尼部,由至少两层弹性层与至少一金属层以一相同于该侧面及该斜面的斜率穿插设置而成,其中的一该弹性层与该夹合部的该斜面相连接,每一该弹性层为具有弹性的非金属材料制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的薄型工件夹具,其中该支撑部的该侧面与该底面之间具有一大于90度的夹角。
3.如权利要求1所述的薄型工件夹具,其中每一该弹性层的厚度小于两层该弹性层间的该金属层的厚度。
4.如权利要求1所述的薄型工件夹具,其中该金属层所采用的金属材料的杨氏系数大于每一该弹性层所使用材料的杨氏系数。
5.如权利要求1所述的薄型工件夹具,其中该承载件、该夹合部与该金属层的材料为碳钢。
6.如权利要求1所述的薄型工件夹具,其中该承载件、该夹合部与该金属层所采用的金属材料的杨氏系数大于被夹持工件所使用材料的杨氏系数。
7.如权利要求1所述的薄型工件夹具,其中该弹性层所使用的材料为非线性弹性材料的橡胶或沥青其中之一。
8.如权利要求1所述的薄型工件夹具,其中该夹合件可分离地设置于该支撑部。
9.如权利要求8所述的薄型工件夹具,其中该支撑部与该夹合件之间是通过对应的螺孔、通孔与连接螺栓完成设置。
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TWI630071B (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-07-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 薄型工件夾具 |
US10710203B2 (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2020-07-14 | Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council | Universal jig for clamping wind turbine blades |
TWI696577B (zh) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 夾持裝置及應用其之夾持系統 |
CN114523313B (zh) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-05-10 | 江苏集萃华科智能装备科技有限公司 | 一种叶片轴线在线调整机构 |
TWI824831B (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-12-01 | 遠東科技大學 | 載體夾具裝置 |
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US10456882B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 |
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