TWI452188B - 碳纖維及碳纖維紗線 - Google Patents

碳纖維及碳纖維紗線 Download PDF

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TWI452188B
TWI452188B TW096113879A TW96113879A TWI452188B TW I452188 B TWI452188 B TW I452188B TW 096113879 A TW096113879 A TW 096113879A TW 96113879 A TW96113879 A TW 96113879A TW I452188 B TWI452188 B TW I452188B
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carbon fiber
resin
epoxy
finishing agent
ethylene component
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TW200745396A (en
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Silke Stuesgen
Bernd Wohlmann
Matthias Schubert
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Toho Tenax Europe Gmbh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

Description

碳纖維及碳纖維紗線
本發明係關於碳纖維和包括此種碳纖維的碳纖維紗。
碳纖維已廣為人知。碳纖維應用的一大領域為塑膠的強化。為了使強化塑膠能滿足更高的要求，碳纖維和被強化塑膠之間的互動逐漸受到更大的重視。
本發明目的係提供特別適用於塑膠強化的碳纖維。這些碳纖維必須特別適合於聚乙烯酯(PVE)的強化。
本發明目的可藉由以下纖維來達成，其曾以電化學氧化預處理，並且具有由環氧樹脂、乙烯成分和塑化劑所組成的塗飾劑，該塗飾劑相對於帶有塗飾劑之碳纖維的數量為0.3至5重量%。
已知類似的組成物做為預浸體用之基質(WO 99/19407)。然而，這些組成物還會具有額外的組分，例如硬化劑，其係用來進行預浸體所需的特殊儲存，為了避免基質硬化。令人驚訝的，使用做為預浸體用基質之已知組成物的某些特定組分，就可以將這種改質組成物用來做為碳纖維用之塗飾劑。包含這種塗飾劑的碳纖維特別適合於PVE的強化。它不再需要像先前技術中所述來製造如此複雜的基質用組成物。同時，據據本發明之碳纖維可以在線軸上纏繞，並且可以在沒有特殊措施的情況下儲存更長的時間。
相對於具有塗飾劑的碳纖維總重量而言，本發明之碳纖維所具有塗飾劑的數量較佳為1.0至1.5重量%。
如果根據本發明之碳纖維的塗飾劑中，混合物E被選來做為環氧樹脂，而此混合物係由至少E1和E2兩種環氧樹脂所組成，E1的環氧值在2,000至2,300毫莫耳/公斤樹脂的範圍內，E2的環氧值在500至650毫莫耳/公斤樹脂的範圍內，並且在混合物中之環氧樹脂E1和E2的重量比E1：E2被選擇為使得樹脂混合物具有的環氧值介於550和2,100毫莫耳/公斤樹脂之間時，已被證明是特別有利的情形。
根據本發明之碳纖維特別是具有一種塗飾劑，其包含10至40重量%的環氧樹脂混合物、10至40重量%的乙烯成分和20至50重量%的塑化劑，而所有成分的總和為100重量%。較佳的是，根據本發明之碳纖維具有一種塗飾劑，其包含20至35重量%的環氧樹脂混合物、20至35重量%的乙烯成分和25至40重量%的塑化劑，而所有成分的總和為100重量%。
特佳的是使用多官能乙烯成分。此類乙烯成分的實例為N,N,N',N'－四環氧丙基－間二甲苯二胺之四甲基丙烯酸酯。
在塑化劑方面，特別是呈現熱塑性(也就是延性性質)的物質，已被證明相當適合，例如，芳香聚羥基醚或經NBR橡膠(丙烯腈丁二烯橡膠)改質之樹脂。
根據本發明之碳纖維的特色特別是在於：如果它們被加工成具有聚乙烯酯樹脂基質的測試樣品時，它們依照EN 2563所呈現的表視層間剪切強度至少為65 MPa，依照EN 6033所呈現的層間斷裂韌度能量為750 J/m2 ，而測試樣品的品質須相當於依照EN 2565規範之碳纖維強化測試板所需達到的品質。
目前在市場上的碳纖維(依照EN 2565方法A中所述方式嵌入)分別具有57 MPa(HTS 5631，12K，來自申請人)和61 MPa(T 700 SC FOE，12K，來自Toray公司)的表視層間剪切強度，並且層間斷裂韌度能量分別為479 J/m2 (HTS 5631，12K)和1078 J/m2 (T 700 SC FOE)。因此，本發明提供了新的碳纖維，其具有關於聚乙烯酯非常良好的特性組合。
特別是，根據本發明之碳纖維依照EN 2565加工成測試樣品時，其依照EN 2563所得之表視層間剪切強度在65和80 MPa之間，並且依照EN 6033所得之層間斷裂韌度能量在750和1500 J/m2 之間。
關於引用的標準，參考資料為1997年三月出版的EN 2563版、1996年四月出版的EN 6033版和1993年九月出版的EN 2565版。
本發明的目的也包括碳纖維紗線，其係含有3,000至24,000條(特別是12,000至24,000條)碳纖維絲，而這些碳纖維絲係由本發明之碳纖維所構成。
有關依據EN 2565之碳纖維強化測試板的品質方面，其係依照5.3.4來決定，每一個碳纖維強化測試板必需具有由Krautkrmer H5M探針所產生的超音波C－掃描影像，其中不超過5%的被掃描表面會呈現出超過5 dB的衰減。
對於基質的聚乙烯酯樹脂而言，係使用具有以下組成的聚乙烯酯樹脂系統來製造碳纖維強化測試板：100克 Derakane 8084，獲自DOW Derakane 2克 Butanox LPT，獲自Akzo Nobel Chemicals bv 1克 NL 49P，獲自Akzo Nobel Chemicals bv 0.05克 NL 63－10 P，獲自Akzo Nobel Chemicals bv
由於聚乙烯酯樹脂系統硬化的非常快(可使用時間大約30分鐘)，建議依據EN 2565中所述的方法A(濕式施用法)，必須在固定紗線張力的情況下將紗線纏繞在具有兩個彼此平行相對形體且具有限制纏繞寬度用之側條的纏繞板上，並且在纏繞期間可使得碳纖維被樹脂系統含浸。含浸較佳是以輥含浸的方式來進行，期間係以刮刀來調整施用的樹脂數量。在板上的纏繞係以下述方式來進行，對於所纏繞的每一層而言，其厚度為0.25毫米且每單位面積上的纖維質量為267克/平方公尺。
在後續處理期間，位於相對表面上的兩個積層結構剛開始是在23℃下進行硬化24小時，接著在60℃下進行回火15小時，在此段期間，壓力維持在5巴。藉由使用間隔條(spacing strips)來確保所需的積層厚度。為了達到依據EN 2565之碳纖維強化測試板所需之品質，要利用一些額外的措施來達成，包括使用吸膠布來吸收多餘的樹脂以及在達到可使用時間之後將纏繞板正面上的積層結構劃開以降低內部張力；而所有的步驟皆協調配套，使得所完成測試樣品的樹脂部分為40±4重量%。
本發明將藉由以下實施例做更詳細的描述。
為了製造本發明之碳纖維，在下列實施例中會將以下物質用於塗飾劑。
混合物E被用來做為環氧成分，而此混合物係由E1和E2兩種環氧樹脂所組成，E1具有2,000毫莫耳/公斤樹脂的環氧值，E2具有540毫莫耳/公斤樹脂的環氧值，並且環氧樹脂E1和E2的重量比E1：E2之數值為1.2。
N,N,N’,N’－四環氧丙基－間－二甲苯二胺的四甲基丙烯酸酯被用來做為乙烯化合物V。
以下物質被用來做為塑化劑：P1：Hydrosize HP3－02，由Hydrosize Technologies公司所提供。這種物質是一種經改質的芳香聚羥基醚。
用於塗飾劑的碳纖維紗線分別含有12,000條和24,000條碳纖維絲，其曾經過電化學氧化處理。這些紗線被不同的塗飾劑混合物塗布並且在最後被乾燥。用於塗飾劑的混合物、施用於紗線的數量和紗線的特性皆條列於下表中。
由表中可清楚看出，使用PVE基質Derakane 8084可導致非常高的表視層間剪切強度值以及層間斷裂韌度能量。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種碳纖維，其係經過電化學氧化預處理，其特徵在於具有由環氧樹脂、乙烯成分和塑化劑所組成的塗飾劑，此塗飾劑相對於具有塗飾劑之碳纖維的數量為0.3至5重量%，其中多官能乙烯成分被用來做為該乙烯成分，該多官能乙烯成分為N,N,N',N'-四環氧丙基-間二甲苯二胺。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之碳纖維，其中具有塗飾劑的數量相對於具有塗飾劑之碳纖維紗線為1.0至1.5重量%。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之碳纖維，其中環氧樹脂為混合物E，其係由至少兩種環氧樹脂E1和E2所組成，E1的環氧值在2,000至2,300毫莫耳/公斤樹脂的範圍內，E2的環氧值在500至650毫莫耳/公斤樹脂的範圍內，並且在混合物中之環氧樹脂E1和E2的重量比E1：E2被選擇為可使得樹脂混合物具有的環氧值介於550和2,100毫莫耳/公斤樹脂之間。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之碳纖維，其中用來做為塑化劑之物質呈現出熱塑性和延性性質。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之碳纖維，其中聚羥基醚或經NBR橡膠改質之樹脂被用來做為塑化劑。
  6. 一種碳纖維，特別是如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之碳纖維，當其被加工成具有聚乙烯酯樹脂之基質的測試樣品時，其係依照EN 2563所得的表視層間剪切強度至少為65MPa，且依照EN 6033所得的層間斷裂韌度 能量為750J/m2 ，而測試樣品須相當於依照EN 2565之碳纖維強化測試板所需達到的品質。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之碳纖維，其中當其被加工成測試樣品時，依照EN 2563所得的表視層間剪切強度介於65和80MPa之間，且依照EN 6033所得的層間斷裂韌度能量介於750和1500J/m2 之間。
  8. 一種碳纖維紗線，其係含有3,000至24,000條由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項的碳纖維所組成之碳纖維絲。
  9. 一種碳纖維紗線，其係含有12,000至24,000條由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項的碳纖維所組成之碳纖維絲。
TW096113879A 2006-04-28 2007-04-20 碳纖維及碳纖維紗線 TWI452188B (zh)

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TW201031692A (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-09-01 Toho Tenax Europe Gmbh Lignin derivative, shaped body comprising the derivative and carbon fibres produced from the shaped body
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