CN101454502A - 碳纤维 - Google Patents

碳纤维 Download PDF

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CN101454502A
CN101454502A CN200780019815.2A CN200780019815A CN101454502A CN 101454502 A CN101454502 A CN 101454502A CN 200780019815 A CN200780019815 A CN 200780019815A CN 101454502 A CN101454502 A CN 101454502A
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carbon fiber
resin
finishing agent
epoxy resin
vinyl component
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CN101454502B (zh
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S·施图斯根
B·沃尔曼
M·舒伯特
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Teijin Carbon Europe GmbH
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Toho Tenax Europe GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
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    • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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Abstract

本发明公开了由已通过电化学氧化预处理的碳纤维组成的碳纤维。本发明碳纤维的特征在于它们被提供了含环氧树脂、乙烯基组分和增塑剂的制剂，所述制剂的量相对于碳纤维和所述制剂的总量为0.3－5wt％。

Description

碳纤维
本发明涉及碳纤维和含这种碳纤维的碳纤维纱。
碳纤维众所周知。碳纤维的一大应用领域是增强塑料。为使增强塑料适合更高的需求，碳纤维与待增强塑料之间的相互作用正变得愈来愈重要。
本发明的目的是提供特别适用于塑料增强的碳纤维。这些碳纤维应该特别适用于增强聚乙烯基酯(PVE)。
本发明的目的通过这种碳纤维实现：该碳纤维已通过电化学氧化预处理，并且具有含环氧树脂、乙烯基组分和增塑剂的整理剂，该整理剂的量相对于具有这种整理剂的碳纤维为0.3-5wt％。
类似组合物实际已知作为预浸渍体的基体(WO99/19407)。而这些组合物具有其它组分，例如硬化剂，它们使得预浸渍体必须特殊储存以避免基体固化。必须认识到令人意外的是：使用已知作为预浸渍体基体的组合物的某些组分使得这种改进组合物可以用作碳纤维的整理剂。包含这种整理剂的碳纤维极好地适用于增强PVE。如现有技术所述的生产这种用于基体的复杂组合物不再必须。同时，根据本发明的碳纤维可以卷绕在筒管上并且可以储存更长时间而无需特殊处理措施。
优选地，根据本发明的碳纤维具有相对于碳纤维与整理剂的总重量为1.0-1.5wt％的整理剂。
已证明特别有利的是：对于根据本发明的碳纤维的整理剂，选择混合物E作为环氧树脂，其中该混合物含至少两种环氧树脂E1和E2，E1具有2000-2300mmol/kg树脂的环氧值，E2具有500-650mmol/kg树脂的环氧值，并且混合物中环氧树脂E1和E2的重量比E1:E2要选择成使得该树脂混合物具有550-2100mmol/kg树脂的环氧值。
根据本发明的碳纤维特别具有这种整理剂：包含10-40wt％环氧树脂混合物，10-40wt％乙烯基组分和20-50wt％增塑剂，并且所有组分之和为100wt％。优选地，根据本发明的碳纤维具有这种整理剂：包含20-35wt％环氧树脂混合物，20-35wt％乙烯基组分和25-40wt％增塑剂，并且所有组分之和为100wt％。
尤其有利的是使用多官能乙烯基组分。这种乙烯基组分的例子有N，N，N’，N’-四缩水甘油基间苯二甲胺的四甲基丙烯酸酯。
已证实表现出热塑性，即延展行为的这种物质特别适合作增塑剂，例如经NBR橡胶(丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶)改性的树脂或芳族聚羟基醚。
根据本发明的碳纤维自身特征特别在于，如果它们加工成具有聚乙烯基酯树脂基体的测试样品，则它们表现出根据EN2563至少为65MPa的表观层间剪切强度以及根据EN 6033至少为750J/m2的层间断裂韧度能，由此该测试样品符合根据EN 2565碳纤维增强测试板所要求的质量。
当前市场上的碳纤维按EN 2565方法A所述的方式嵌入，表现出57MPa(申请人的HTS 5631，12K)和61MPa(Toray的T 700 SC FOE，12K)的表观层间剪切强度以及479J/m2(HTS 5631，12K)和1078J/m2(T 700SC FOE)的层间断裂韧度能。因此，本发明提供了具有特别好的与聚乙烯基酯性质结合的新型碳纤维。
特别地，根据本发明的碳纤维当根据EN2565加工成测试样品时，具有根据EN 2563为65-80MPa的表观层间剪切强度以及根据EN 6033为750-1500J/m2的层间断裂韧度能。
至于上述标准，参照1997年3月出版的版本EN 2563、1996年4月出版的版本EN 6033和1993年9月出版的版本EN 2565。
本发明的目的还有碳纤维纱，其包含3000-24000根，特别是12000-24000根由根据本发明的碳纤维构成的碳纤维丝。
关于按EN 2565的碳纤维增强测试板的质量，根据5.3.4测定为每块碳纤维增强测试板应该具有使用
Figure A200780019815D0005121132QIETU
 H5M探针产生的超声C扫描图像，其中不超过5％扫描表面表现出超过5dB的衰减。
至于基体的聚乙烯基酯树脂，使用用于制造碳纤维增强测试板的聚乙烯基酯树脂体系，它具有如下组成：
100g     Derakane 8084，可从DOW Derakane得到；
2g       Butanox LPT，可从Akzo Nobel Chemicals bv得到；
1g       NL 49 P，可从Akzo Nobel Chemicals bv得到；
0.05g    NL 63-10 P，可从Akzo Nobel Chemicals bv得到。
由于聚乙烯基酯树脂体系非常快速固化(罐时间(pot time)约30min)，所以按照EN2565所述的方法A(湿法施加)推荐的是，纱线应该在恒定的纱线拉伸下卷绕在具有两块彼此相对平放的平行面且具有用于限制绕线宽度的侧条的卷绕板上，并且在卷绕过程中应该用该树脂体系浸渍碳纤维。所述浸渍优选按辊筒浸渍进行，并且该过程中要施加的树脂量通过刮刀调节。所述在板上的卷绕以要使得每层的单位面积的纤维质量为267g/m2且厚度为0.25mm的方式进行。
在随后的加工过程中，首先将位于相反表面上的两层层合结构体在23℃下固化24小时，接着将其在60℃下调温15小时，在此期间它们保持在5巴的压力下。所需的层合厚度通过使用定距条来保证。为了达到根据EN2565碳纤维增强测试板所要求的质量，额外采取这种步骤：在达到罐时间之后，使用渗透布来吸收过量的树脂，并将卷绕板前面的层合结构分层，以降低内部张力；由此所有步骤配合，使得最终测试样品的树脂量为40±4wt％。
现在通过下面的实施例来更详细地描述本发明。
为制备根据本发明的碳纤维，下面实施例使用下面物质制备整理剂：
混合物E用作环氧组分，其中该混合物由两种环氧树脂E1和E2组成，E1具有2000mmol/kg树脂的环氧值，E2具有540mmol/kg树脂的环氧值，并且环氧树脂E1和E2的重量比E1:E2为1.2。
N，N，N’，N’-四缩水甘油基间苯二甲胺的四甲基丙烯酸酯用作乙烯基组分V。
下面物质用作增塑剂：
P1：Hydrosize HP3-02，Hydrosize Technologies，Inc.提供。该物质是改性的芳族聚羟基醚。
用于该整理剂的碳纤维纱各含12000根和24000根碳纤维丝，并且这些碳纤维丝已经通过电化学氧化处理。用不同整理混合物涂布这些纱线，并将其最终干燥。用于整理剂的混合物、对纱线的施加量以及纱线特性列在下表中。
表
 
整理剂 丝根数 施加量 表观层间剪切强度 层间断裂韧度能
Wt％ MPa J/m2
2％E、2％V、2％P1，在水中 24000 1.1 70 1319
2％E、2％V、2％P1，在水中 24000 1.5 69 1138
2％E、2％V、2％P1，在水中 24000 0.4 69 1020
1.33％E、1.33％V、1.33％P1，在水中 12000 1.1 69 1013
从表中清楚看到，PVE基体Derakane 8084的使用带来意外高的表观层间剪切强度值和层间断裂韧度能值。

Claims (10)

1.碳纤维，其已通过电化学氧化预处理，其特征在于它们具有含环氧树脂、乙烯基组分和增塑剂的整理剂，所述整理剂的量相对于具有所述整理剂的碳纤维为0.3-5wt％。
2.权利要求1的碳纤维，其特征在于它们具有相对于具有所述整理剂的碳纤维纱为1.0-1.5wt％的整理剂。
3.权利要求1或2的碳纤维，其特征在于所述环氧树脂是混合物E，所述混合物由至少两种环氧树脂E1和E2组成，E1具有2000-2300mmol/kg树脂的环氧值，E2具有500-650mmol/kg树脂的环氧值，并且所述混合物中环氧树脂E1和E2的重量比E1:E2要选择成使得树脂混合物具有550-2100mmol/kg树脂的环氧值。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的碳纤维，其特征在于多官能乙烯基组分用作所述乙烯基组分。
5.权利要求4的碳纤维，其特征在于N，N，N’，N’-四缩水甘油基间苯二甲胺的四甲基丙烯酸酯用作所述乙烯基组分。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的碳纤维，其特征在于表现出热塑性和延展行为的物质用作所述增塑剂。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的碳纤维，其特征在于NBR橡胶改性的树脂或聚羟基醚用作所述增塑剂。
8.碳纤维，尤其根据权利要求1-7中任一项，其特征在于当它们加工成具有聚乙烯基酯树脂基体的测试样品时，具有根据EN2563至少为65MPa的表观层间剪切强度，以及根据EN6033至少为750J/m2的层间断裂韧度能，由此所述测试样品符合根据EN2565碳纤维增强测试板所要求的质量。
9.权利要求8的碳纤维，其特征在于当它们加工成测试样品时，具有根据EN2563为65-80MPa的表观层间剪切强度以及根据EN6033为750-1500J/m2的层间断裂韧度能。
10.碳纤维纱，包含3000-24000根，优选12000-24000根由权利要求1-9中任一项的碳纤维构成的碳纤维丝。
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CN110997264A (zh) * 2017-08-01 2020-04-10 沙特基础工业全球技术有限公司 生产单向碳纤维带的方法和***以及表面处理碳纤维的方法

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TW201031692A (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-09-01 Toho Tenax Europe Gmbh Lignin derivative, shaped body comprising the derivative and carbon fibres produced from the shaped body
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