TWI420961B - 電致發光光源 - Google Patents

電致發光光源 Download PDF

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TWI420961B
TWI420961B TW095125346A TW95125346A TWI420961B TW I420961 B TWI420961 B TW I420961B TW 095125346 A TW095125346 A TW 095125346A TW 95125346 A TW95125346 A TW 95125346A TW I420961 B TWI420961 B TW I420961B
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organic electroluminescent
light source
layer
regions
emitting
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TW200708184A (en
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Hans-Helmut Bechtel
Wolfgang Busselt
Peter Schmidt
Joerg Meyer
Herbert Friedrich Boerner
Stefan Peter Grabowski
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Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv
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    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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Description

電致發光光源
本發明係關於一種用於發出白光之有機電致發光光源(一OLED)。有機LED係以分立分子(LMW)或以聚合物鏈(PLED)來產生其發射之非金屬或混合有機金屬化合物。
當前開發尤其集中於大面積光源且集中於發出白光之光源。
人們已知曉可藉助磷光體顆粒來達成光轉換，亦即吸收一個波長的光而隨後重新發出一較長波長的光。
例如，通用電氣研究部門於2004年提出了一種有機電致發光光源，一610×610毫米大小的此種有機電致發光光源可達成每瓦特15流明之效率及1200流明之總光通量。
該有機電致發光光源包括一位於一基板上之藍色發光OLED(聚合物)，該基板於其對置側上具有一用於將該光部分地轉換成黃光(YAG：Ce)及紅光(有機磷光體)之磷光體塗層。
於圖1中所示意顯示之解決方案中，一藍色發光OLED 2(其包括一由多個層21及一透明基板22所構成之系統)被覆蓋以一將藍光部分地轉換成黃及/紅及綠光之磷光體層3。以此方式，該有機電致發光光源所發出或產生的光總體上係白色。然而，與在無機LED情形下所塗佈之塗層相比，藍色發光OLED較綠色發光及紅色發光OLED效率更低且更不穩定。
本發明之一目的係提供一種用於發出白光之有機電致發光光源，其顯著特徵係具有一長壽命及改良之效率。本發明亦意欲能夠在工業生產環境下有效地製造該有機電致發光光源。
藉助請求項1之特徵可達成本發明之目的。
本發明之實質係：根據本發明之有機電致發光光源具有至少一個佈置於該等電極之間的有機電致發光層，該有機電致發光層具有複數個發出藍光或綠光之區域且具有至少一個磷光體層，該磷光體層係沿離開該有機電致發光光源之光的光束路徑佈置且部分地覆蓋該電致發光層。
此使得可藉由一用於OLED不同發光區域之適宜設計或藉由以適宜方式電驅動該等區域來選擇或改變離開該有機電致發光光源之光顏色及所謂色溫。同樣，藉由使用綠色發光體可達成改良之量子效率及改良之壽命，此乃因在該等方面綠色發光體顯著地優於藍色或紅色發射體。
該磷光體層經如此設計以使綠光至少部分地轉換成紅光。該磷光體層係藉由印刷或微影技術製程按照通常方式來塗佈，該磷光體層可包含一磷光體材料或複數個磷光體材料之一混合物。
可考慮能在本發明範圍內用作磷光體之磷光體係所有在綠區域內(於該綠發光體之發射區域內)吸收光譜之材料。
一電致發光光源通常包含一分層結構，該分層結構被塗佈至一平坦透明基板(玻璃或聚合物)且包括一佈置於一陽極與一陰極之間的有機或非有機電致發光層(EL層)。於該情形中，該EL層可由複數個子層構造而成。另外，該陰極與該EL層之間可存在一由具有低功函數之材料製作之電子注入層。
另外，該陽極與該EL層之間可佈置有一電洞轉移層。依據所發出光向外耦接之方向(底部發光體：發射透過該基板；頂部發光體：自該基板發射離開，例如，透過一透明陰極)，該陰極或該陽極係由一反射材料組成。於該情形中，該反射陽極可自身具有反射性或可另外具有一反射分層結構。與此相符合，該另一電極由一透明材料製成。
該等獨立請求項係關於本發明之有利實施例。
較佳之情形係：該磷光體層至少部分地覆蓋有機電致發光層之彼等發出綠光的區域。
此使得可製作一具有藍－綠－黃區域或藍－綠－紅區域的燈。於後一個情形中，依據該磷光體層之厚度，該磷光體層將來自該OLED之綠色發射全部或部分地轉換成紅光。
較佳之情形亦係：該綠色發光層含有銥(III)且尤其含有雙(2－苯基吡啶)乙醯丙酮銥(III)[(ppy)2 Ir(acac)]。綠色發射體可在一(例如)在此方面適合之主體材料中以一大約87%之內部量子產率達成一大約60流明/瓦特之效率。
於一較佳實施例中，該光源被劃分成多個獨立的可定址元件。以此方式可達成一區域，該區域整體發出均勻但可在白光之情形下改變其顏色或色溫的光。而且，該等獨立可定址元件可用來表達數個資訊項目。
該OLED光源之綠色發光區域較佳地被分成至少兩個可獨立驅動之區域，且覆蓋該至少兩個區域之磷光體層較佳地在其厚度及/或所使用之磷光體材料方面不同。此使得色溫可在寬泛範圍內變動而不會使演色性水凖受到不利影響。而且，不僅可藉由此類佈置來產生白光還可產生由該等獨立驅動區域預設定顏色空間內所包含之不同顏色。
本發明之目的亦可藉由請求項15中之照明單元來達成。
下文將參照所述實施例來闡釋本發明之此等及其它態樣，以使其更加清晰明瞭。
圖2中顯示一根據本發明之OLED燈4之基本分層結構。一玻璃基板5上製作有多個電致發光層，該等電致發光層具有多個發出藍及綠光之區域6及7。於基板5上方，若朝光發出之方向看去，一紅色發光磷光體層8全部或部分地覆蓋該電致發光層之綠色發光區域。
儘管此未顯示於圖2中，但該OLED之藍色及綠色發光區域6及7各自包含：一陽極、一電洞注入層、一電洞轉移層、一電子注入層、一電子轉移層及一陰極。以ITO陰極開始之整個序列層位於一大約1毫米厚度之玻璃基板上。於該情形中，該陽極包括一大約140奈米厚度之氧化銦錫(ITO)層。所有後續層皆係在一真空中於一小於10－ 6 毫巴之壓力下藉由熱蒸氣沈積施加至該清潔ITO層。摻雜係按照通常方式藉由同時蒸氣沈積基質材料與摻雜劑來達成。於此情形中，正常之蒸發速率係由用於量測該蒸發束中層厚度之石英裝置來確定。
於所示實施例中，OLED 4係透過玻璃基板5發光。然而，作為另一選擇，亦可使用其他基板材料(例如，金屬)以使該發射係沿一離開該基板之方向發生。於此情形中，係將該磷光體層直接施加至一必須使用且位於該OLED上之保護層。
所用之材料係：電洞注入層：M－MTDATA：F4TCNQ.厚度＝40奈米(M－MTDATA)＝(4,4',4"－三(N－3－甲基苯基－N－苯基－胺基)－三苯基胺)(F4TCNQ＝2,3,5,6－四氟－7,7,8,8－四氰基奎諾二甲烷)與M－MTDATA電洞轉移層：M－MTDATA。厚度＝10奈米。電子轉移層：TPBI＝(1,3,5－三－(1－苯基－1H－苯并咪唑－2－基)－苯)。厚度＝50奈米。電子注入層：LiF。厚度＝1奈米。綠色發光層：TBPI：Irppy8%(Irppy8%=(IR(苯基吡啶)2ACAC)。
厚度=15奈米。
藍色發光層：DPVBI=(4,4'-雙(2,2-聯苯-乙烯-1-基)-聯苯)。
厚度=10奈米。
適合之磷光體係：(Ca1-x Srx )S：Eu (Ba1-x Srx )2 Si5-y Aly N8-z Oz ：Eu (Ba1-x Cax )2 Si5-y Aly N8-z Oz ：Eu Ca1-u Sru AlSiN3：Eu
圖3中以曲線圖形式顯示一由(ppy)2 Ir(acac)構成之綠色發光有機層之發射光譜(虛線，G)，連同一由CaS：Eu磷光體層構成之反射光譜(實線，RE)及後者之發射光譜(點劃線，EM)。
圖4中顯示根據本發明之各種OLED燈(LQ1至LQ5)之發射光譜，該等OLED燈亦即具有Sr2 Si5-x Alx N8-x Ox ：Eu(LED4803)磷光體層且具有如次頁表格中所示之不同相關色溫(CCT)之藍綠色(IRPY)OLED。
在次頁表格中顯示一針對OLED燈LQ1至LQ5實施量測所得之列表，該列表包括：相關色溫(CCT)和作為一自R1(量測區間於 光譜至藍色區域內)至R14(量測區間於光譜之藍色區域內)之波長函數之演色性指數及演色性指數在該整個可見光譜上之平均值Ra。
此外，在本發明的有機電致發光光源中，彼等未由該磷光體層覆蓋之區域另外被覆蓋以一折射結構以改善離開基板(5)的光之耦接。
2‧‧‧OLED
3‧‧‧磷光體層
4‧‧‧OLED燈
5‧‧‧玻璃基板
6‧‧‧發光區域
7‧‧‧發光區域
8‧‧‧磷光體層
21‧‧‧層
22‧‧‧基板
圖式中：
圖1係一先前技術OLED燈之結構剖面之示意圖。
圖2係一根據本發明之OLED燈之結構剖面的示意圖。
圖3係一具有一磷光體層之綠色發光OLED之發射光譜圖。
圖4係一具有不同相關色溫之OLED燈LQ1至LQ5之發射光譜圖。
4．．．OLED燈
5．．．玻璃基板
6．．．發光區域
7．．．發光區域
8．．．磷光體層

Claims (13)

  1. 一種有機電致發光光源，其具有至少一個基板(5)及複數個佈置於該基板(5)上的層，該等層包括：至少兩個電極，其中至少一個電極係透明且一個作為一陽極而一個作為一陰極，至少一個佈置於該等電極之間的有機電致發光層，該有機電致發光層具有複數個發出藍光或綠光之區域(6、7)，其中該複數個區域包括發射該藍光之一第一區域以及發射該綠光之一第二區域，及至少一個磷光體層(8)，該磷光體層係沿離開該有機電致發光光源之光束路徑佈置且其部分覆蓋該電致發光層。
  2. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中該磷光體層(8)至少部分地覆蓋該有機電致發光層之彼等發出綠光之區域(7)。
  3. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中該等綠色發光區域(7)之該有機電致發光層包含具有一原子序數Z大於50之過渡金屬離子。
  4. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中該等綠色發光區域(7)之該有機電致發光層包含銥Ⅲ且特別地雙(2-苯基吡啶)乙醯丙酮銥(III)[(ppy)2 IR(acac)]。
  5. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中該磷光體層(8)包括由至少一種如下材料組成之磷光體：(Ca1-x Srx )S：Eu；(Ba1-x Srx )2 Si5-y Aly N8-z Oz ：Eu；(Ba1-x Cax )2 Si5-y Aly N8-z Oz ： Eu或Ca1-u Sru AlSiN3：Eu，其中0×1,0y5,0z8,0u0.1。
  6. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中該有機電致發光光源被劃分成可獨立定址之元件。
  7. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中可獨立地驅動該有機電致發光光源之該等藍色發光及綠色發光區域(6、7)。
  8. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中該有機電致發光光源之該等綠色發光區域(7)被劃分成至少兩個可獨立驅動之區域且覆蓋該至少兩個區域之該等磷光體層在其厚度及/或所使用之磷光體材料方面不同。
  9. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中可藉由電驅動來改變相關色溫。
  10. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中可藉由電驅動來顯示並改變多項資訊。
  11. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中彼等未由該磷光體層覆蓋之區域另外被覆蓋以一折射結構(refractive structure)以改善離開該基板(5)的光之耦接。
  12. 如請求項1之有機電致發光光源，其中彼等未由該磷光體層(8)所覆蓋之區域另外被覆蓋以一由散射顆粒且特別地由氧化物或硫化物構成的層。
  13. 一種照明單元，其中該照明單元包括至少一個如請求項1至12之有機電致發光光源。
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