CN101223651A - 电致发光光源 - Google Patents

电致发光光源 Download PDF

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CN101223651A
CN101223651A CNA2006800255269A CN200680025526A CN101223651A CN 101223651 A CN101223651 A CN 101223651A CN A2006800255269 A CNA2006800255269 A CN A2006800255269A CN 200680025526 A CN200680025526 A CN 200680025526A CN 101223651 A CN101223651 A CN 101223651A
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phosphor
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H·-H·贝克特尔
W·巴塞尔特
P·施米特
J·迈耶
H·F·博尔纳
S·P·格拉博夫斯基
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种有机电致发光光源,包括:至少一基板(5)和设置在基板(5)上的多个层,所述层包括至少两个电极,其中至少一个为透明的,并且一个作为阳极,一个作为阴极,和设置在电极间的至少一个有机电致发光层,有机电致发光层包含多个发射蓝光或绿光的区域(6,7),和设置在离开有机电致发光光源的光的光束路径上的至少一个磷光体层(8),其部分地覆盖电致发光层。

Description

电致发光光源
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发射白光的有机电致发光光源(OLED)。有机LED是以离散分子(LMW)或以聚合物链(PLED)发光的非金属的、异质有机金属的或化合物的。
背景技术
目前,研究主要集中在大面积光源和发射白光的光源。
众所周知,可以利用磷光体粒子来进行光转换,即吸收一波长的光随后再发射出更长波长的光。
例如,通用电气的研究部门于2004年提出了一种有机电致发光光源,其尺寸为610×610毫米,效率达到15流明/瓦,并且总光通量为1200流明。
这种有机发光光源包含位于基板上的蓝光OLED(聚合物),并且在基板的另一侧具有将该光部分地转换为黄光(YAG:Ce)和红光(有机磷光体)的磷光体涂层。
在这个方案中,如图1中示意性所示,包含层体构21和透明基板22的蓝光OLED2,被磷光体层3覆盖,其将蓝光部分转换为黄光和/或红光和绿光。这样,总体上,有机电致发光光源所发射或放出的光为白光。然而,与在无机LED的情况中的应用相比较,蓝光OLED显著的比绿光和红光OLED效率低,且较不稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种明显的具有长寿命、提高的效率的发射白光的有机电致发光光源。这种有机电致发光光源还用于能够在工业生产情景下高效地制作。
本发明的目的利用权利要求1的特征来实现。
对于本发明,必要的是,根据本发明的有机电致发光光源包括至少一个设置在电极间的有机电致发光层,所述有机电致发光层包含多个发射蓝光或绿光的区域且具有设置在离开有机电致发光光源的的光的光束路径中的至少一个磷光体层,其部分地覆盖电致发光层。
这使得离开有机电致发光光源发射的光的颜色和所谓的色温可以通过OLED的不同发光区域的合理设计或者通过以适当的方式电驱动所述区域来选择或改变。还有,使用绿光发射器可以提高量子效率和延长寿命,因为后者在这些方面远远优于蓝光或红光发射器。
设计磷光体层使得绿光至少部分被转换为红光。可以包含一种磷光体材料或多种磷光体材料的混合物的磷光体层常常通过印刷或照相平版印刷工艺而被应用。
可以被考虑作为能在本发明的范围内使用的磷光体的磷光体是吸收绿光谱区域(在绿光发射器的发射区域内)的所有材料。
电致发光光源通常包括被施加到平面的、透明基板(玻璃或聚合物)上的分层结构,所述分层结构包含设置于阳极和阴极之间的有机或无机电致发光层(EL层)。在这种情况下该EL层可以由多个子层构成。此外,由具有低功函数的材料制成的电子注入层可以设置在阴极和EL层之间。
此外,空穴传输层可以设置于阳极和EL层之间。根据所发射的光被耦合出的方向(底部发射器:经基板发射;顶部发射器:远离基板发射,例如穿过透明阴极),阴极或阳极由反射材料构成。反射性的阳极在这种情况下可以本身是反射性的或另外具有反射性的分层结构。因此,其它电极由透明材料制成。
从属权利要求涉及本发明的优选实施例。
优选地,磷光体层至少部分覆盖有机电致发光层发射绿光的那些区域。
这使得制造出具有蓝-绿-黄区域或蓝-绿-红区域的灯成为可能。后面一种情况中,根据磷光体层的厚度,磷光体层将OLED发射的绿光全部或部分转换成红光。
还有,优选地,绿光发射层包含铱(III),特别是双(2-苯基吡啶)铱(III乙酰丙酮化物)(bis(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)acetylacetonate)[(ppy)2Ir(acac)]。这种绿光发射器可达到大约60lm/W的效率,在以大约87%的内部量子效率量子产额时,在例如在这方面是适合的主体材料是合适的材料中。
在优选实施例中,光源被分成可独立寻址的多个元件。用这种方式可以实现的是总体上发光均匀但在发射白光的情况下其色彩或色温可以变化的区域。而且,可独立寻址的多个元件可以用于表示信息项。
优选地,OLED光源的绿光发射区域被分成至少两个可以独立驱动的区域,并且覆盖上述至少两个区域的磷光体层在厚度和/或所用的磷光体材料方面不同。这使色温可以在很宽的范围内变化,而不会负面影响显色(color rendering)标准。而且,这种设置不仅可以产生白光还可以产生包含在由独立驱动的区域所预设的色彩空间中的不同色光。
本发明的另一目的还可以通过如权利要求15所述的照明单元实现。
本发明的这些和其他方面参照在下文中描述的实施例将变得明白且被阐明。
附图说明
附图中:
图1是现有技术中OLED灯的结构的截面示意图;
图2是根据本发明的OLED灯的结构的截面示意图;
图3是具有磷光体层的绿光OLED的发射光谱的表示;
图4是示出具有不同相关色温的OLED灯LQ1到LQ5的发射光谱的表示;
图5是示出图4中所示的灯LQ1到LQ5的光谱的相关色温(CCT)和显色系数(CRI)(color rendering index)。
具体实施方式
图2示出了根据本发明的OLED灯4的基本的分层结构。在玻璃基板5上制作的是具有蓝光发射区域6和绿光发射区域7的电致发光层。基板5上方,延光发射的方向看去,电致发光层的绿光发射区域全部地或部分地被红光磷光体层8覆盖。
虽然在图2中没有示出,但是OLED的蓝光和绿光发射区域6和7每一个包含阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子注入层、电子传输层和阴极。层的整个顺序,从ITO阴极开始,其位于大约1毫米厚的玻璃基板上。在当前的情况下,阳极由大约140纳米厚的氧化铟锡层(ITO)组成。通过在压力小于10-6mbar的真空下的热蒸气沉积(Thermal vapor deposition),在清洁后的ITO层上施加所有随后的层。通过基质材料和掺杂剂的同时气相淀积以常用的方法进行掺杂。这种情况下,通过用于测量蒸气束(evaporating beam)中层厚度的石英装置来确定蒸发的标准速率。
在所示的实施例中,OLED4经玻璃基板5发光。然而,做为一种选择方案,这也可以使用其他基板材料(例如金属)使得在远离基板的方向上产生发射。在这种情况下磷光体层将直接施加在位于OLED上的且必需使用的保护层上。
使用的材料是:
空穴注入层:
M-MTDATA:F4TCNQ。
厚度=40nm
(M-MTDATA)=(4,4’,4”-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基-氨基)-三苯基(胺)((4,4′,4″-TRIS(N-3-METHYLPHENYL-N-PHENYL-AMINO)-TRIPHEYLAMINE))
(F4TCNQ=2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基对二次甲基苯醌)((F4TCNQ=2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane))和M-MTDATA的组合
空穴传输层:
M-MTDATA。
厚度=10nm。
电子传输层:
TPBI=(1,3,5-三-(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪二唑-2-基)-苯)
((1,3,5-TRIS-(1-PHENYL-1H-BENZIMIDIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZENE))。
厚度=50nm。
电子注入层:
LiF。
厚度=1nm。
绿光发射层:
TBPI:Irppy8%(Irppy8%=(IR(苯基吡啶)2ACAC);
厚度=15nm。
蓝光发射层:
DPVBI=(4,4’-二(2,2-二苯基-乙烯-1-基)-联苯)
(4,4′-BIS(2,2-DIPHENYL-ETHEN-1-YL)-DIPHENYL)。
厚度=10nm。
适当的磷光体是:
(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu
(Ba1-xSrx)2Si5-yAlyN8-zOz:Eu
((Ba1-xCax)2Si5-yAlyN8-ZOz:Eu
Ca1-uSruAlSiN3:Eu
0≤x≤1
0≤y≤5
0≤z≤8
0≤u≤0.1
图3中曲线示出的是(ppy)2Tr(acac)的绿光发射有机层的发射光谱(虚线,G)、连同CaS:Eu磷光体层的反射光谱(实线,RE)和后者的发射光谱(点划线,EM)。
图4示出的是根据本发明的不同OLED灯(LQ1至LQ5)的发射光谱,即具有Sr2Si5-xAlxN8-xOx:Eu(LED4803)磷光体层的蓝绿(IRPY)OLED的发射光谱,其中所述磷光体层具有如表格(图4b)中所示的不同的相关色温(CCT)。
如图5中所示,对于被测量的OLED灯LQ1至LQ5,以表格形式列出相关色温(CCT)和作为波长的函数的显色指数(CRI)的值,从R1(蓝光光谱区域测量间隔)到R14(蓝光光谱区域测量间隔),以及在整个可见光谱范围内显色指数的平均值Ra。

Claims (15)

1.一种有机电致发光光源,包括:至少一基板(5)和设置在该基板(5)上的多个层,所述层包括
-至少两个电极,其中至少一个为透明的,并且一个作为阳极,一个作为阴极,
-设置在电极间的至少一个有机电致发光层,该有机电致发光层包含多个发射蓝光或绿光的区域(6,7),和
-设置在离开有机电致发光光源的光的光束路径中的至少一个磷光体层(8),其部分地覆盖该电致发光层。
2.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该磷光体层(8)至少部分地覆盖该有机电致发光层发射绿光的那些区域(7)。
3.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该有机电致发光层发射绿光的区域(7)包含具有原子序数Z>50的过渡金属离子。
4.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该有机电致发光层发射绿光的区域(7)包含铱III,特别是双(2-苯基吡啶)铱(III)乙酰丙酮化物[(ppy)2IR(acac)]。
5.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该磷光体层(8)包含磷光体,该磷光体由(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu、(Ba1-xSrx)2Si5-yAlyN8-zOz:Eu、((Ba1-xCax)2Si5-yAlyN8-zOz:Eu或者Ca1-uSruAlSiN3:Eu中的至少一种组成,其中0≤x≤1,0≤y≤5,0≤z≤8,0≤u≤0.1。
6.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该磷光体包埋于透明基质材料中,其中n(基质材料)>1.4。
7.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,磷光体粒子的平均直径为大于200纳米小于20微米。
8.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该有机电致发光光源被分成可独立寻址的多个元件。
9.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该有机电致发光光源的蓝光和绿光发射区域(6,7)能够被独立地驱动。
10.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,该有机电致发光光源的绿光发射区域(7)被分成至少两个能够被独立驱动的区域,并且覆盖所述至少两个区域的磷光体层在厚度和/或所用的磷光体材料方面不同。
11.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,相关色温能够通过电驱动来改变。
12.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,信息项能够通过电驱动来表示和改变。
13.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,那些未被磷光体层(8)覆盖的区域另外地被一折射结构覆盖,以提高从基板(5)出来的光的耦合。
14.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光光源,其特征在于,未被该磷光体层(8)覆盖的那些区域另外地被散射粒子层覆盖,尤其氧化物或硫化物层。
15.一种照明单元,其特征在于,该照明单元包括至少一个如权利要求1至14中所述的有机电致发光光源。
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