TWI391484B - 作為後化學機械平坦化處理的含有界面活性劑之加工溶液 - Google Patents
作為後化學機械平坦化處理的含有界面活性劑之加工溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI391484B TWI391484B TW097136149A TW97136149A TWI391484B TW I391484 B TWI391484 B TW I391484B TW 097136149 A TW097136149 A TW 097136149A TW 97136149 A TW97136149 A TW 97136149A TW I391484 B TWI391484 B TW I391484B
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- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- LCKHBYOSKOUPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(4-methylpentan-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)NCCNC(C)CC(C)C LCKHBYOSKOUPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02041—Cleaning
- H01L21/02057—Cleaning during device manufacture
- H01L21/02068—Cleaning during device manufacture during, before or after processing of conductive layers, e.g. polysilicon or amorphous silicon layers
- H01L21/02074—Cleaning during device manufacture during, before or after processing of conductive layers, e.g. polysilicon or amorphous silicon layers the processing being a planarization of conductive layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
- C11D1/08—Polycarboxylic acids containing no nitrogen or sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/40—Monoamines or polyamines; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/164—Organic compounds containing a carbon-carbon triple bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
- C11D2111/22—Electronic devices, e.g. PCBs or semiconductors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S134/00—Cleaning and liquid contact with solids
- Y10S134/902—Semiconductor wafer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種化學機械平坦化處理的含有界面活性劑之加工溶液。
正當半導體裝置的互連件結構的尺寸變得越來越小的同時,需要低介電常數膜等層間介電質以便,例如,降低電容、電力消耗及交互干擾。低介電常數膜,亦即,具有4.2或更低的介電常數,係由以下的材料構成,該材料包括,但不限於,例如摻氟的矽酸玻璃(FSG)、有機矽酸玻璃(OSG)、有機氟矽酸玻璃(OFSG)、矽倍半氧烷(HSQ,HSiO1.5
)等聚合性材料、甲基矽倍半氧烷(MSQ,RSiO1.5
,式中R為甲基)及多孔性低介電常數材料。
在製造積體電路時,表面平坦度係關鍵加工步驟。為了達到製造超高密度積體電路所需的平坦度,經常都使用化學機械平坦化。在CMP方法中,透過結合化學和機械手段而完成過量材料的研磨和移除。在典型的CMP方法中,在加工期間可藉由研磨墊以機械的方式刷洗晶圓表面,同時以化學的方式使含有研磨性顆粒的反應性漿料流過並且蝕刻各種不同基材表面。在研磨期間結合材料的機械和化學移除將可獲致平坦的表面。
CMP有一缺點係可能會在經後CMP清潔的基材上見到較高的缺點含量。如本文所用的術語「缺陷」係關於可
能會降低半導體裝置的產量或造成半導體裝置的損失之缺陷,例如使CMP漿料的次微米研磨顆粒(例如,二氧化矽或三氧化二鋁)等由加工產生而導入基材上的微粒;由CMP方法或CMP漿料的反應產物產生的殘餘物等本來就有或由製造過程產生的微粒;以及水印之類的缺陷。在接下來的基材加工之前必需先移除該污染以免裝置可靠度變差及缺陷之導入。
有一個清洗含CMP殘餘物的基材之方法係透過一或更多水性沖洗液結合某些型式的機械攪動而自基材表面移除漿料的化學和研磨料殘餘物。美國專利案第5,704,987號說明兩步驟研磨方法,該方法的第一步驟中使用含非離子型聚合性界面活性劑和氫氧化四級銨的鹼性水溶液,而且第二步驟中使水純化。歐洲專利申請案第EP 1,065,708號說明後CMP清潔方法,其中以含界面活性劑的百萬赫茲浴處理晶圓,該百萬赫茲浴具有與欲移除的漿料之pH相匹配的pH。公告案WO 00/14785說明在結合機械或摩擦攪動和含界面活性劑與氫氧化四烷基四級銨化合物的鹼性水溶液的CMP處理之後,清潔有機介電質表面。公告案WO 00/18523說明藉著施加含界面活性劑的溶液而清潔疏水性表面的方法可進一步包括化學增強劑、視情況需要地刷洗,然後旋轉沖洗基材。
又另一清洗含CMP殘餘物的基材表面之方法係使用一或更多後CMP清潔溶液。這些溶液一般都經量身訂作而進行反應,並且移除某些類型的殘餘物,例如蝕刻殘餘物(亦
即,銅、鋁或其他金屬化層的金屬)或CMP漿料殘餘物(亦即,氧化物或研磨料顆粒)。美國專利案第5,466,389號揭示含無鹼金屬離子、非離子型界面活性劑和緩衝劑的水鹼性清潔組合物以便使該組合物的pH維持在8與10之間。美國專利案第5,789,360號說明含0.1%至99%磷酸、0.1%至25%氟硼酸和餘量去離子水的後CMP清潔溶液。美國專利案第6,194,366號說明含氫氧化四級銨、有機胺、腐蝕抑制劑和水的後CMP清潔組合物。
用於後CMP清潔組合物的典型界面活性劑都傾向於具有較差的動態潤溼能力以及會產生泡沫的高度趨勢。儘管該界面活性劑易於吸收在基材表面上,但可能都難以移除。後CMP清潔係需要具有優越動態潤溼能力的界面活性劑之最強調動態的方法。這對於低-k介電質等疏水性表面特別地重要。
本文中說明接著CMP加工之後自半導體基材移除加工殘餘物的加工溶液,及該加工溶液的使用方法。明確地說,本發明有一形態中,提供用於半導體的製造時使缺陷減少的方法,其包含:提供後CMP加工基材,其中該基材有至少一部分包含低介電常數膜,以及使該基材與加工溶液接觸,該加工溶液包含約10 ppm至約500,000 ppm之具有式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IVa)、(IVb)、(V)、(VI)或(VII)之至少一種界面活性劑:
式中R1
和R4
各自獨立地為含有3至10個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈烷基;R2
和R3
各自獨立地為氫原子或含1至5個碳原子的烷基;R5
係含1至10個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈烷基;R10
獨立地為氫原子或由結構式
所示的基團;R11
係含4至22個碳原原子的直鏈、支鏈或環狀烷基;W係氫原子或炔基;X和Y各自獨立地為氫原子或羥基;m、n、p和q各自獨立地為介於0至20的數字;r和s各自獨立地為2或3;t係介於0至2的數字;j係介於1至5的數字;而且x係介於1至6的數字。
本文中說明用以使半導體裝置製造期間的缺陷數目減少的加工溶液及使用該加工溶液的方法。在該加工溶液內的界面活性劑-以少量存在-有助於移除可能會導致缺陷的微粒,特別是後CMP殘餘物。本發明的加工溶液可藉由改良溶液對於基材表面的潤溼而減少缺陷。有些具體例中,特別是含有低-k介電材料等疏水性表面的基材,這些界面
活性劑優異的動態潤溼和低發泡特性將有助於使後CMP的缺陷含量減少。再者,在清潔製程之後,可以使用距離較短的去離子水沖洗,自表面移除本文中說明的界面活性劑而不會留下任何殘餘物。
在加工溶液內的界面活性劑可以使平衡且動態的表面張力降低,同時使發泡的現象減至最少。等洗滌、CMP、除渣及/或蝕刻步驟完成之後可以加工溶液處理該基材。術語「經後CMP加工」說明已經經過一或更多化學機械平坦化步驟或有至少一部分表面經平坦化的基材。
本發明有一具體例中,在作為後CMP沖洗液時,該加工溶液也可防止基材表面上形成「水印」缺陷。在此情況之下,可以在後CMP清潔步驟期間,將基材轉運至多清潔模組內之前,利用本發明的加工溶液處理表面含低介電常數材料的基材。利用加工溶液處理使疏水性低介電常數表面在轉運過程期間保持呈「溼潤的」,因此可使「水印」之類的缺陷減少。
可與本文揭示的加工溶液一起使用的適當基材包括,但不限於,砷化鎵(「GaAs」)、矽氮化硼(「BN」)及含矽的組合物(例如結晶矽、多晶矽、非晶矽、磊晶矽、二氧化矽(「SiO2
」)、碳化矽(「SiC」)、氧碳化矽(「SiOC」)、氮化矽(「SiN」)、碳氮化矽(「SiCN」)、有機二氧化矽玻璃(「OSG」)、有機氟矽酸玻璃(「OFSG」)、氟矽酸玻璃(「FSG」))及其他適合的基材或其混合物。基材可進一步包含各式各樣施加於彼的層,例如,擴散阻障層(例如TiN、
Ti(C)N、TaN、Ta(C)N、Ta、W、WN、TiSiN、TaSiN、SiCN、TiSiCN或W(C)N)、金屬化層(例如,銅、鋁、含彼之合金等等)、抗反射塗層、光阻劑、有機聚合物、多孔性有機、無機材料和附帶的金屬層及低介電常數層。
本發明的加工溶液可含有充當載體相或媒介的水性溶劑及/或非水性溶劑。如本文中使用的術語「水性」,說明包含至少30重量百分比的水之溶劑或液態分散媒介,較佳地50重量百分比,又更佳地至少80重量百分比。較佳的水性溶劑係去離子水。有複數個具體例中加工溶液係水性的,預期結構式I至VII的界面活性劑有至少一者可證實根據藍穆爾,1986年,第2卷,第428至432頁,以其全文併入本文中以供參考之用,中說明之測量表面張力的最大氣泡壓力法,在23℃及1個氣泡/秒時,在水中的濃度小於或等於5重量百分比時的動態表面張力小於45達因/平方公分。
有複數個具體例中除了去離子水等水性溶劑之外再加非水性溶劑,或以非水性溶劑取而代之,選用的非水性溶劑不得與該水性溶劑內所含之至少一種界面活性劑、該加工溶液的其他添加物或其基材起反應。適當的非水性溶劑包括,但不限於,烴類(例如戊烷或己烷);鹵碳化物(例如Freon 113);醚類(例如***(Et2O)、四氫呋喃(「THF」)、乙二醇一甲醚或2-甲氧***(二乙二醇二甲醚);腈化物(例如CH3CN);或芳香族化合物(例如三氟甲苯)。附帶的非水性溶劑包括乳酸酯、丙酮酸酯及二醇類。這些溶劑可包括,
但不限於,丙酮、1,4-二噁烷、1,3-二噁戊烷、醋酸乙酯、環己酮、丙酮、1-甲基-2-吡啶酮(NMP)、甲乙酮。又另外的例示性非水性溶劑包括二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡啶酮、碳酸乙二酯、碳酸丙二酯、甘油及其衍生物、萘及經取代的萘、醋酸酐、丙酸及丙酸酐、二甲碸、苯甲酮、二苯碸、酚、鄰苯二酚、二甲基亞碸、苯醚、三聯苯、丙二醇丙基醚(PGPE)、甲醇、乙醇、3-庚醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、5-甲基-2-己醇、3-己醇、2-庚醇、2-己醇、2,3-二甲基-3-戊醇、丙二醇甲基醚醋酸酯(PGMEA)、乙二醇、異丙醇(IPA)、正丁醚、丙二醇正丁醚(PGBE)、1-丁氧基-2-丙醇、2-甲基-3-戊醇、醋酸2-甲氧基乙酯、2-丁氧基乙醇、乙醯醋酸2-乙氧基乙酯、1-戊醇及丙二醇甲醚。以上列舉的非水性溶劑可單獨使用或組合二或更多種溶劑使用。
有些具體例中,加工溶液可包含至少一可與水性溶劑混溶或與水混溶的非水性溶劑。在這些具體例中,非水性溶劑在加工溶液內的量可介於約1至約50重量%,在加工溶液內其餘部分的溶劑包含水性溶劑。與水混溶的非水性溶劑的實施例包括甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇及THF。
本溶液包含10至500,000 ppm之至少一結構式I至VII所示的界面活性劑。典型的界面活性劑具有兩性的本性,表示該界面活性劑可同時具有親水性和疏水性。兩性界面活性劑具有親水性頭部基團或複數個頭部基團,該基團對於水具有強親和力及長的疏水性尾部,該尾部係親有機性而且會撥水。用於本發明之至少一式I至VII的界面活性
劑可為離子型(亦即陰離子型、陽離子型)或非離子型。
在本發明某些具體例中,加工溶液可包含一或更多屬於炔二醇衍生物的非離子型界面活性劑。本發明的界面活性劑可藉由以下的式I或式II表示:
式中R1
和R4
各自獨立地為含有3至10個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈烷基;R2
和R3
各自獨立地為氫原子或含1至5個碳原子的烷基;而且m、n、p和q各自獨立地為介於0至20的數字。該界面活性劑在市面上可由本發明的受讓人,賓夕凡尼亞州,亞林鎮的Air Products and Chemicals股份有限公司,以Surfynol®
和DYNOL®
的註冊名稱購得。有些較佳的具體例中,式I或II的分子之炔二醇部分係2,4,5,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇或2,5,8,11-四甲基-6-癸炔-5,8-二醇。該由界面活性劑衍生而成的炔二醇可以許多種方法製備,包括以下說明的方法,例如,美國專利案第6,313,182號和歐洲專利案第1115035A1號,二者全都讓渡給本發明的受讓人,並且以其全文併入本文中以供參考。
式I和II中,由(OC2
H4
)所示的環氧乙烷部分係(n+m)個經聚合的環氧乙烷(EO)莫耳單元,而由(OC3
H6
)所示的部分係(p+q)個經聚合的環氧丙烷(PO)莫耳單元。(n+m)的值
可介於0至30,較佳地1.3至1.5,又更佳地1.3至10。(p+q)的值可介於0至30,較佳地1至10,又更佳地1至2。
在本發明某些較佳的具體例中,加工溶液包含10至500,000 ppm之至少一種以下結構式(III)至(VII)所示的界面活性劑之一:
在以上各式中,R1
和R4
各自獨立地為含有3至10個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈烷基;R2
和R3
各自獨立地為氫原子或含1至5個碳原子的烷基;R5
係含1至10個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈烷基;R10
獨立地為氫原子或由結構式
所示的基團;R11
係含4至22個碳原原子的直鏈、支鏈或環狀烷基;W係氫原子或炔基;X和Y各自獨立地為氫原子或羥基;r和s各自獨立地為2或3;t係介於0至2的數字;j係介於1至5的數字;而且x係介於1至6的數字。式II界面活性劑的實施例包括,但不限於,3,5-二甲基-1-己炔-3-醇和2,6-二甲基-4-庚醇。式IVa界面活性劑的實施例包括,但不限於,N,N'-雙(1,3-二甲丁基)乙二胺。式V界面活性劑的實施例包括,但不限於,酒石酸二異戊酯。式VI界面活性劑的實施例包括,但不限於,二乙三胺和正丁基縮水甘油醚的加成物。
加工溶液可視情況需地包含分散劑。加入加工溶液的分散劑用量介於約10至約500,000 ppm,較佳地約10至約5,000 ppm,又更佳地約10至約1,000 ppm。本文所用的術語分散劑說明可增粉塵、加工殘餘物、烴類、金屬氧化物、顏料或加工溶液中的其他污染物。適用於本發明的分散劑宜具有介於約10至約500,000的數量平均分子量。
分散劑可為離子型或非離子型化合物。該離子型或非
離子型化合物可復包含共聚物、寡聚物或界面活性劑,單獨或結合使用。如本文所用的術語共聚物係關於包含多於聚合性化合物的聚合物化合物,例如嵌段、星狀或接枝共聚物。非離子型共聚物分散劑的實施例包括三嵌段EO-PO-EO共聚物PLURONIC® L121、L123、L31、L81、L101和P123(BASF股份有限公司)等聚合性化合物。如本文所用的術語寡聚物係關於僅含數個單體單元的聚合物化合物。離子型寡聚物分散劑的實施例包括SMA® 1440和2625寡聚物(Elf Alfochem公司)。
或者,分散劑可包含界面活性劑。若分散劑包含界面活性劑,該界面活性劑可為離子型(亦即,陰離子型或陽離子型)或非離子型。其他界面活性劑的實施例包括矽氧烷界面活性劑、聚(環氧烷)界面活性劑及氟化學界面活性劑。適用於本加工溶液的非離子型界面活性劑包括,但不限於,TRITON® X-114、X-102、X-45、X-15等辛基和壬基界面活性劑和BRIJ® 56 (C16
H33
(OCH2
CH2
)10OH)(ICI)、BRIJ® 58 (C16
H33
(OCH2
CH2
)20
OH)(ICI)等醇乙氧基化物。還有其他的例示性界面活性劑包括醇(一級和二級)乙氧基化物、胺乙氧基化物、葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖二醯胺、聚乙二醇、聚(乙二醇/丙二醇)共聚物或其他在紐澤西州,格林羅克市的糖果糕餅製造廠商出版公司,2000年北美版的McCutcheon's乳化劑與清潔劑參考資料中的界面活性劑。
加工溶液可包含至少一種以溶液之約0.01至10重量%的含量存在的鹼。如本文所用的術語「鹼」係任何可移除
酸性質子的化合物,並且包括,但不限於,四級銨、胺、氫氧化物、鹵化物、烷氧化物、金屬胺基化合物、有機鎂化合物等化合物。例示性鹼包括氫氧化銨、氫氧化烷基銨或其組合。加工溶液可包含至少一種以溶液之約0.01至10重量%的含量存在的酸。例示性酸包括硫酸、氫氯酸(HCl)、檸檬酸、磷酸、羧酸或氫氟酸(HF)。
加工溶液可包含至少一種以溶液之約0.01至10重量%的含量存在的氧化劑。例示性氧化劑包括過氧化氫(H2
O2
)、尿素-過氧化氫、過氧化脲或臭氧。
本發明的加工溶液可包含至少一種以溶液之約10 ppm至5重量%的含量存在的螯合劑。某些螯合劑的非限定實施例係以下的有機酸類及其異構物與鹽類:(乙二腈基)四醋酸(EDTA)、丁二胺四醋酸、環己烷-1,2-二胺四醋酸(CyDTA)、二乙二胺五醋酸(DETPA)、乙二胺四丙酸、乙二胺四丙酸、(羥乙基)乙二胺三醋酸(HEDTA)、N,N,N',N'-乙二胺四(亞甲基膦)酸(EDTMP)、檸檬酸、酒石酸、苯二甲酸、葡萄糖醛酸、糖酸、兒茶酚、沒食子酸、焦性沒食子酸、沒食子酸丙酯、甘油酸、草酸、順丁烯二酸、磷酸及其組合。還有其他的螯合劑包括半胱胺酸;乙醯酮、己二酮、三氟乙醯丙酮、噻吩甲醯基三氟丙酮或六氟乙醯丙酮等β-二酮類;8-羥基喹啉等喔星、2-乙醯基吡啶等三級胺、氰化乙醇等腈化物、β-酮亞胺、兒茶酚、含膽鹼的化合物、三氟乙酸酐、二甲基乙二醛二肟等肟類、雙(三氟甲基)二硫代胺基甲酸酯等二硫代胺基甲酸酯、參吡啶、氰化乙醇、
N-(2-羥乙基)亞胺基二醋酸及其組合。
本發明的加工溶液可包含至少一種以溶液之約10 ppm至5重量%的含量存在的腐蝕抑制劑。某些腐蝕抑制劑的非限定實施例包括briazole和tritriazole等苯并***(BTA)及其衍生物;抗壞血酸(維他命C)、L(+)-抗壞血酸、異抗壞血酸和抗壞血酸衍生物等抗壞血酸類。
其他不同的添加物可視情況需要加入加工溶液中。這些添加物可包括,但不限於,安定劑、溶解助劑、色料、潤溼劑、消泡劑、緩衝劑及其他附帶的界面活性劑。大體上,除非另行說明,否則以加工溶液的總重量為基準,這些添加物中之各添加物將會是約0.0001至1重量百分比,更佳地0.0001至0.1重量百分比。有一或更多附帶的界面活性劑加入加工溶液的具體例中,該界面活性劑可為本文所揭示的任何界面活性劑,或由McCutcheon's乳化劑與清潔劑參考資料中提供的界面活性劑。
本發明有一具體例中,加工溶液包含0.01至10重量%之至少一鹼;0.1至10重量%之至少一氧化劑;0至5重量%之至少一螯合劑;10至500,000 ppm之至少一式I至式VII所示的界面活性劑;及其餘部分的溶劑。在替代性具體例中,加工溶液包含0.01至10重量%的稀釋HF;10至500,000 ppm之至少一式I至式VII所示的界面活性劑;及其餘部分的溶劑。另一具體例中,加工溶液包含檸檬酸或磷酸等酸及過氧化氫等氧化劑,其中該氧化劑所含的酸和氧含量介於0.01至20重量%;視情況需要地10 ppm至10
重量%之至少一螯合劑;10至500,000 ppm之至少一式I至VII的界面活性劑;及其餘部分的溶劑。另一具體例中,加工溶液包含電解離子水等水性溶劑及10至500,000 ppm之至少一式I至VII所示的界面活性劑。
本發明的加工溶液可混合至少一式I至VII所示的界面活性劑與一或更多水性及/或非水性溶劑及任何附帶的添加物而製備。有些具體例中,混合可在約40至60℃的溫度時進行以便使加工溶液所含的成分分解。最後得到的加工溶液可視情況需要加以過濾以移除任何可能潛在地傷害基材之未溶解的顆粒。
加工溶液最好以製備好的溶液施用於基材表面。在替代性具體例中,加工溶液可在正好與基材表面接觸之前或期間製備好加入沖洗液內。舉例來說,可將特定量之一或更多式I至VII所示的界面活性劑注入水性溶劑及/或非水性溶劑媒介的連續流中,該連續流可視情況需要地包括其他添加物,藉以形成加工溶液。在本發明某些具體例中,可以在施用加工溶液之後,將至少一式I至VII所示的界面活性劑其中的一部分加到基材。在此例中,加工溶液可於基材加工期間以多步驟形成。本發明又再其他的具體例中,該至少一式I至VII所示的界面活性劑也可沈積在卡匣或過濾器(其可包括或不包括其他添加物)等高表面積裝置的材料上或包含該材料。然後使水性溶劑及/或非水性溶劑流通過卡匣或過濾器,藉以形成加工溶液。在本發明又另一具體例中,加工溶液係於接觸步驟的期間製備。在此
情況之下,藉由滴管或其他裝置將至少一式I至VII所示的界面活性劑導引至基材表面。然後將水及/或非水性溶劑導引至基材表面,並且與該至少一式I至VII所示的界面活性劑在基材表面混合,藉以形成加工溶液。
在本發明的替代性具體例中,以包含至少一式I至VII所示的界面活性劑之濃縮組合物提供,該濃縮組合物可在水性溶劑及/或非水性溶劑中稀釋以提供加工溶液。本發明的濃縮組合物,或「濃縮物」使人可將該濃縮物稀釋成想要的強度及pH。在這些具體例中,可透過使用計量泵、三向閥及/或相似的裝置,添加一或更多溶劑並且稀釋濃縮的組合物,而將濃縮的組合物製成加工溶液。
可使用各式各樣的手段使加工溶液與基材表面接觸。接觸步驟的實際條件(亦即,溫度、時間等)皆可在寬廣的範圍內變化,並且一般都取決於各種因素,例如,但不限於,在基材表面上欲移除的材料本性及用量、化學溶液對材料的移除速率、基材的形貌、基材表面的疏水性或親水性等等。
接觸步驟可以動態的方法、靜態的方法或其組合進行。加工溶液也可以連續方法或噴在表面上的方式等動態方法噴在基材表面,並且以靜態的方法停留在基材表面上。有些具體例中,動態接觸步驟可與搖動基材同時進行。搖動可以各式各樣的裝置進行,例如,但不限於,振動性運動(例如,電機械式或機械式)、超音波運動、脈動運動、音速運動、百萬赫茲運動、聲波運動、離心運動及其組合。
再者,研磨墊、毛刷等裝置皆可用以進一步輔助移除後CMP加工殘餘物。在替代性具體例中,接觸步驟可以靜態的方法進行,例如,混拌式沖洗或將基材浸在含加工溶液的浴中。接觸步驟期間,或加工溶液接觸基材表面的時間,可由數分之一秒到數百秒。時間可介於1至200秒,較佳地1至150秒,又更佳地1至60秒。接觸步驟的溫度範圍可由10變至100℃,又更佳地10至40℃。
最好將加工溶液施於仍然溼潤的基材表面。舉例來說,在較佳具體例中,以加工溶液作為CMP加工之後的沖洗溶液。在CMP加工之後,除了去離子水以外或取而代之,以加工溶液充當沖洗液施於基材表面。當基材仍然被CMP槳料及/或去離子水潤溼時,可以動態方法或靜態方法施加加工溶液。分配的期間,舉例來說,以每分鐘100轉(「rpm」)的速度緩慢地旋塗基材,使加工溶液分布遍及整個基材表面。關於動態的方法,緩慢地旋塗基材,同時持續地將加工溶液分配於基材上。關於混拌式方法等靜態的方法,使基材靜止一段簡短的時間,例如,15秒。在利用加工溶液完成沖洗步驟之後,接著,舉例來說,藉由旋轉乾燥的方式以較高的rpm使沖洗的水乾燥。
本發明將對照以下的實施例更詳細地加以說明,但是要明瞭的是不得視本發明受限於此。
在以下的實施例中,除非另行指明,否則所有的性質
皆由Wafernet股份有限公司製造的矽晶圓獲得,並且該矽晶圓上已經先沈積低介電膜。經由化學氣相沈積(CVD)或旋塗方法沈積低-k膜。
使用Sessile液滴法,在北卡羅來納州,沙羅特的Kruss USA公司提供之G10/DSA10 Kruss液滴形狀分析儀上測量接觸角的量測值。在Sessile液滴法中,藉由測量去離子水液滴或加工溶液的基線與液滴底部的切線之間的接觸角,評估塗布低介電膜的基材表面上之局部化區域的溼潤性質。以每秒2個影像的速度高速照像捕捉液滴的散布,並且測量接觸角。
在SCI Filmtek 2000反射計上得到折射率量測值。使用汞探針技術測定介電常數。
按照以下的方法製備含有不同含量之2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇(m+n=5,p+q=2)(結構式II)衍化而成的界面活性劑之加工溶液。以不同含量的界面活性劑和去離子水裝在量杯中,在室溫時加到100毫升的量。攪動混合物,直到該界面活性劑溶在去離子水中形成加工溶液為止。於表I中提供實施例1a、1b和1c的加工溶液當中之界面活性劑含量。
使加工溶液持續地分配於經低介電質塗布的晶圓上達1分鐘,同時使晶圓以300 rpm旋轉。等晶圓乾燥之後,接著測量水滴在晶圓表面上的接觸角。為了作比較,以加工
溶液的相同方法將去離子水的液滴分配於晶圓上。表I提供不同加工溶液濃度(實施例1a至1c)與去離子水(比較實施例1)在不同滴落時間時的接觸角,滴落時間以秒數表示。
大體而言,約70∘或更大的接觸角可表示基材表面極具疏水性,而接觸角在50∘左右或以下可表示該表面較具親水性。如表I所示,利用本發明的加工溶液處理過之基材的接觸角小於單單利用去離子水處理過之基材的接觸角,因此較具親水性。再者,加工溶液內含較大量的界面活性劑可能會導致更多界面活性劑吸附並且改良溼潤性。
如實施例1a至1c中說明的方式製備含有不同含量之2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇(m+n=5,p+q=2)衍化而成的界面活性劑(結構式II,實施例2a)、2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇(m+n=10)(結構式I,實施例2b)、酒石酸二異戊
酯(結構式V,實施例2c)之加工溶液。以測得用量的加工溶液或去離子水分配分配於晶圓上,同時使晶圓以100 rpm旋轉持續地旋轉1分鐘。等晶圓乾燥之後,在晶圓表面上分配加工溶液的液滴,並且在不同時間間隔之後測量基材表面上的加工溶液之接觸角,並且由表II提供。
較小的接觸角表示加工溶液具有較強的潤溼能力。再者,小於20度的接觸角表示表面完全溼潤。在本實施例中,與單獨利用去離子水處理或比較實施例2相比時,該加工溶液,特別是實施例2a,能夠在疏水性、低介電常數表面上進行快速並且增強的溼潤。本發明的加工溶液優異的溼潤性質可在清潔過程期間,有效地增進表面的殘餘物和微粒之移除。這樣就可使水印之類的缺陷數量減少。
利用如前述實施例2a、2b及2c中說明的加工溶液處理基材,然後浸在水浴中60秒。測量水滴在低介電常數膜上的接觸角,並於表III中提供結果。
比較實施例3顯示以前段中說明之相同方法處理之後在低-k膜上的水之接觸角,但是用去離子水,而不用加工溶液處理。從晶圓表面看到的接觸角稍微減小表示就只有該單一製程產生的表面疏水性之些微變化。
表III說明基材浸在水浴中60秒之後,再自該低介電常數表面洗掉含有界面活性劑的加工溶液。該加工溶液將會以動態方式極快速地潤溼該表面,還可輕易地自該表面移除,即使僅簡單浸漬等靜態的方法也一樣。這也可藉由測量該膜的介電常數而加以確認。如表IV所示,利用加工溶液處理,接著浸在去離子水浴中並不會改變該膜的介電常數。
在本發明對照其具體實施例詳細地加以說明之後,熟於此藝之士顯然將明瞭在本發明的範圍內可進行各種變化和修飾而不會悖離其精神和範疇。
Claims (12)
- 一種用於處理後CMP加工基材之方法,該方法包含:提供該後CMP加工基材,其中該基材包含一半導體材料;使該基材與加工溶液接觸,該加工溶液包含10 ppm至500,000 ppm之具有式(V)之至少一種界面活性劑:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其進一步包含利用去離子水沖洗液沖洗該後CMP加工基材。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該後CMP加工基材在該接觸的同時以去離子水沖洗液沖洗潤溼。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該加工溶液復包含至少一種酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該加工溶液復包含至少一種鹼。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該加工溶液復包含至少一種氧化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該加工溶液復包含 至少一種螯合劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該加工溶液復包含至少一種腐蝕抑制劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該加工溶液復包含選自安定劑、溶解助劑、色料、潤溼劑、消泡劑、緩衝劑、第二種界面活性劑及其組合所組成之族群。
- 一種用以用以處理後CMP加工基材之加工溶液,其中該基材有至少一部分包含低介電常數膜,該溶液包含10 ppm至500,000 ppm之具有式(V)之至少一種界面活性劑:
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之加工溶液,其中該至少一種載體媒介包含水性溶劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之加工溶液,其中該至少一種載體媒介包含非水性溶劑。
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- 2004-10-15 TW TW093131394A patent/TWI324178B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-19 EP EP04024854A patent/EP1530232A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-20 JP JP2004305708A patent/JP2005167206A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-09-12 US US11/519,476 patent/US7452426B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
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Also Published As
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JP2009124170A (ja) | 2009-06-04 |
JP2009021609A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
US20050081885A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
US7452426B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
JP2005167206A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
EP1530232A3 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
TWI324178B (en) | 2010-05-01 |
TW200514845A (en) | 2005-05-01 |
TW200916572A (en) | 2009-04-16 |
US20070006894A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
US7208049B2 (en) | 2007-04-24 |
EP1530232A2 (en) | 2005-05-11 |
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