TWI285910B - Method of creating field electron emission materials and field electron emission devices - Google Patents

Abstract

To create a field electron emission material, there is printed upon a substrate 1501 an ink 1503 comprising a major component of fluid vehicle; a first minor component of electrically insulating material, either on its own or provided within a precursor therefor; and a second minor component of electrically conductive particles 1504. The printed ink is then treated to expel the major component and create the field electron emission material from the minor components on the substrate. The electrically conductive particles may be omitted, to print a solid, electrically insulating layer in a field emission device.

Description

1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（彳） 發明背景 本發明係有關場電子發射材料，及使用此種材料之裝 置。 於傳統的場電子發射中，一位於材料之表面上的高電 場（例如，〜3χ 1 09V ηΤ1 )減小表面電位障蔽之厚度至某一 點，於此點上電子可藉由量子力學隧穿而離開材料。必要 的條件可被實現，藉由使用原子地削尖各點以集中宏觀的 電場。場電子發射電流可藉由使用一具有低工作函數之表 面而被進一步地增加。場電子發射之計算尺度以熟知的 Fowler-Nordheim 方程式說明。 有許多關於尖端爲基礎之發射器的習知技術，此用語 (尖端爲基礎之發射器）係描述其利用來自尖銳點（尖 端）之場電子發射的電子發射器及發射陣列。本技術中之 工作者的首要目標曾是將一具有小於1 /z m之細縫（閘）的 電極遠離自每個單一發射尖端，以致其所需的高電場可藉 由使用100V或更小之施加電位而被獲得一這些發射器被稱 爲閘通陣列。第一個實現此技術者係由C A Spindt所描 述，他是於加州的 Stanford 硏究機構中工作 (J.Appl.Phys.3 957 ,pp 3504-3505,(1 968)) 。Spindt 的陣列使 用鉬發射尖端，其係使用一自遮蔽技術而製造，藉由金屬 之真空蒸發至一矽基底上之SiCh中的圓柱狀凹陷。 於1 970年代，另一種製造類似結構之方式係使用方向 性凝固共熔合金（DSE ) 。DSE合金具有校直纖維形式之一 相於另一相之一矩陣中。此矩陣可被蝕刻回而留下突出之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •5'口 丁 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -4 - 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2) 纖維。在蝕刻之後，一閘結構係藉由絕緣及導電層之依序 的真空蒸發而被產生。尖端上之蒸發材料的建立係作用爲 一種罩，以留下一環狀的間隙於一突出纖維之周圍。 一種重要的方式係使用矽微工程以產生聞通陣列。利 用此技術之場電子發射顯示器目前正在被製造，並吸引全 球許多組織的興趣。 所有尖端爲基礎的發射系統之主要問題爲其易受下列 情形之損害··離子碰撞、高電流下之歐姆加熱、以及由裝 置中之電崩潰所產生的激變損害。如此使得大面積的裝置 既困難且昂貴。 於大約1 985年，已發現其鑽石之薄膜可被生長於加熱 的基底上，從一種氫甲烷大氣，以提供廣大面積的場發射 器一亦即，無須刻意設計之尖端的場發射器。 於 1991 年，由王等人（Electron. Lett.，27，pp 1459-1461( 199 1 ))揭示其場電子發射電流可獲得自具有3 MV m·3 般低之寬廣面積的鑽石膜。某些工作者相信此成果是由於 結合鑽石之（1 1 1 )面的低電子吸引力與局部化、附帶的石 墨內含物之高密度（Xu，Latham and Tzeng: Electron. Lett.， 29，pp 1 596- 1 59( 1993))，然而也有人提出其他的解釋。 具有高鑽石含量之塗層如今可被生長於室溫的基底 上，使用雷射脫落及離子光束技術。然而，所有此等方法 均利用昂貴的設備，且如此所製造之材料的性能是不可預 測的。 美國的SI鑽石已描述一種場電子發射顯示（FED)， 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)1285910 A7 B7 V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION (彳) BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to field electron-emitting materials and devices using such materials. In conventional field electron emission, a high electric field (eg, ~3χ 1 09V ηΤ1 ) on the surface of the material reduces the thickness of the surface potential barrier to a point at which electrons can be tunneled by quantum mechanics. Leave the material. The necessary conditions can be achieved by sharpening the points using atoms to concentrate the macroscopic electric field. The field electron emission current can be further increased by using a surface having a low work function. The scale of calculation of the field electron emission is illustrated by the well-known Fowler-Nordheim equation. There are many conventional techniques for tip-based emitters. This term (tip-based emitter) describes an electron emitter and emitter array that utilizes field electron emission from sharp points (tips). The primary goal of workers in the art has been to move an electrode having a slit (gate) of less than 1 /zm away from each single emitter tip so that the high electric field required can be achieved by using 100V or less. One of these emitters is obtained by applying a potential and is referred to as a gate-pass array. The first to implement this technique is described by C A Spindt, who works in the Stanford Research Institute in California (J. Appl. Phys. 3 957, pp 3504-3505, (1 968)). The array of Spindt uses a molybdenum emission tip fabricated using a self-shadowing technique that is evaporated by vacuum from a metal to a cylindrical depression in SiCh on a substrate. In the 1970s, another way to make similar structures was to use a directional solidified eutectic alloy (DSE). The DSE alloy has one of the aligned fiber forms in one matrix of the other phase. This matrix can be etched back to leave a prominent paper size for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) • 5' Kenting Economics Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printing 4 - 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention description (2) Fiber. After etching, a gate structure is created by sequential vacuum evaporation of the insulating and conductive layers. The formation of the evaporating material on the tip acts as a cover to leave an annular gap around a protruding fiber. An important way is to use a micro-engineering to create a scented array. Field electronic emission displays using this technology are currently being manufactured and are attracting interest from many organizations around the world. The main problem with all tip-based launch systems is that they are susceptible to damage from ion collisions, ohmic heating at high currents, and catastrophic damage caused by electrical breakdown in the device. This makes large-area devices difficult and expensive. In about 1985, it was discovered that the diamond film can be grown on a heated substrate from a hydrogen methane atmosphere to provide a wide area of field emitters, i.e., sophisticated field emitters that do not require deliberate design. In 1991, Wang et al. (Electron. Lett., 27, pp 1459-1461 (199 1 )) revealed that the field electron emission current can be obtained from a diamond film having a wide area as low as 3 MV m·3. Some workers believe that this result is due to the low electron attractiveness and localization of the (1 1 1 ) face of the diamond, and the high density of incidental graphite inclusions (Xu, Latham and Tzeng: Electron. Lett., 29, Pp 1 596- 1 59 (1993)), however, other explanations have been proposed. Coatings with high diamond content can now be grown on a room temperature substrate using laser shedding and ion beam technology. However, all of these methods utilize expensive equipment and the performance of the materials so produced is unpredictable. The US SI diamond has described a field emission display (FED). This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). (Please read the back note first and then fill out this page)

訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -5- 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ____B7 _五、發明説明（3) 其使用一種稱爲非晶形鑽石（A m 〇 r p h i c D i a m ο n d )的材料當 作電子源。鑽石塗敷技術係授權自德州大學。此材料係藉 由石墨之雷射脫落而被製造於一基底之上。 從1 960年代以後，另一群工作者已著手硏究關於真空 中之電極間的電崩潰之機構。已知（Latham and Xu， Vacuum，42，18，pp 1 1 73 - 1 1 8 1 ( 1 99 1 ))其當電極間之電壓增 加時，並無電流流動直到一關鍵値達到，此時一小的雜訊 電流開始流動。此電流隨著電場而單調且逐步地增加直到 另一關鍵値到達，此刻期觸發一電弧。通常已暸解其增進 電壓閉鎖（hold-off )之關鍵爲消除這些預崩潰電流之來 源。當前的理解顯示其有效部位爲金屬絕緣體真空（MIV ) 結構，其係由內嵌的電介質粒子或位於絕緣補片（諸如金 屬之表面氧化物）上之導電的薄片。於兩種情況下，電流 均來自一熱電子程序，其加速電子而導致半熱離子發射於 表面電位障蔽之上。此係詳細描述於科學文獻中，例如， Latham, High voltage vacuum Insulation, Academic Press( 1995)。雖然此方式之教導已由數種技術（例如，粒子 加速器）所採用以增進真空絕緣，但直到最近僅已完成少 數成果以產生使用此知識之場電子發射器。 Latham 及1^〇1^&(】.？11)^.0:八？口1.?11；!/8.19，口口 699-7 1 3( 1 986))描述其使用上述熱電子程序之複合金屬絕緣體 尖端爲基礎的發射器，而逾1 9 88年，S Bajic及R V Latham， (Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, vol. 21 200- 204( 1 988))，描述一種複合物，其產生高密度的金屬絕緣體 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed -5- 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed A7 ____B7 _ V. Invention Description (3) It uses a kind of amorphous diamond (A m 〇rphic D iam The material of ο nd ) is used as an electron source. Diamond coating technology is licensed from the University of Texas. This material is fabricated on a substrate by laser shedding of graphite. Since the 1960s, another group of workers have begun to investigate the mechanism of electrical collapse between electrodes in a vacuum. It is known (Latham and Xu, Vacuum, 42, 18, pp 1 1 73 - 1 1 8 1 (1 99 1 )) that when the voltage between the electrodes increases, no current flows until a critical enthalpy is reached, at which time Small noise currents begin to flow. This current monotonically increases with the electric field and gradually increases until another critical enthalpy arrives, which triggers an arc. It is generally understood that the key to enhancing voltage hold-off is to eliminate the source of these pre-crash currents. The current understanding shows that the effective part is a metal insulator vacuum (MIV) structure consisting of embedded dielectric particles or electrically conductive sheets on an insulating patch such as a surface oxide of a metal. In both cases, the current is derived from a thermal electron program that accelerates the electrons and causes the semi-therm ions to be emitted above the surface potential barrier. This is described in detail in the scientific literature, for example, Latham, High voltage vacuum Insulation, Academic Press (1995). While the teachings of this approach have been employed by several techniques (e.g., particle accelerators) to enhance vacuum insulation, until recently only a few results have been completed to produce field electron emitters that use this knowledge. Latham and 1^〇1^&(].?11)^.0: eight? Port 1.?11;!/8.19, mouth 699-7 1 3 (1 986)) describes its use of a composite metal insulator tip based emitter of the above-described thermoelectric program, and over 1988, S Bajic and RV Latham, (Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, vol. 21 200-204 (1 988)), describes a composite that produces a high density of metal insulators (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page)

、1T 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） -6- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 4 金屬絕緣體真空（MIMIV)發射部位。此複合物具有導電粒 子散佈於一環氧樹脂中。藉由標準的旋塗技術以施加塗層 至表面。 之後於 1995 年，Tuck, Taylor 及 Latham ( GB 2 304 989 )藉由以一無機絕緣體取代環氧樹脂而改良上述 MIMIV，其增進穩定性並使其可操作於密封的真空裝置中。 於1997年，Tuck及Bishop (GB 2 332 089)描述其使用金 屬絕緣體真空發射器不爲之電子發射器。 發明槪述 本發明之實施例係針對提供連結以利產生寬廣面積的 場發射材料，其可藉由絲網印刷、平版印刷等技術而印 刷。 本發明之較佳實施例係針對提供具有成本效益之寬廣 面積的場發射材料及裝置，其可被使用於下列裝置：場電 子發射顯示面板；高功率脈衝裝置，例如電子masers及 磁旋管（gyrotrons );橫場微波管，例如CFAs ;線性光束 管，例如速調管；閃光X射線管；觸發火花間隙及相關裝 置；供消毒用之寬廣面積X射線源；真空錶；太空船之離 子火箭推進器；粒子加速器；臭氧化器；及電漿反應器。 依據本發明之一型態，提供一種產生場電子發射材料 之方法，包括下列步驟： a ·於一基底上印刷一墨水，其包括： 液體展色劑之一主要成分； 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -7- 1285910 A7 _____B7__ 五、發明説明（5) 電絕緣材料之一第一次要成分，其係事先形成或提供 於其一先質（precursor)中； (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 導電粒子之一第二次要成分；及 b.處理印上之墨水以排出該主要成分並從該基底上之 該次要成分產生該場發射電子材料。 於此說明書之內容中，印刷表示一種將墨水置入一固 定型態之製程。適當製程之範例爲（除了別的以外）：眞^ 篆印刷、電子照相法、光石印術、靜電澱積、噴灑、噴墨 印刷及補償石印術。 熟悉本項技術者將瞭解，於本案說明書之內容中，將 墨水印刷至一基底上包含直接印刷於基底上及印刷於一已 存在基底之上的層或成分上。 該基底最好是具有一導電表面，於此表面上印刷有該 墨水。 該等粒子最好是包括石墨。 該等粒子可爲顯著的針狀。 該等粒子可爲顯著的薄片形。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 該等粒子可爲明顯等軸的（equiaxed )。 該等粒子最好是具有低的非晶形含量。 低的非晶形含量之粒子指的是其中非晶形含量小於5% 之材料，最好是其中非晶形含量無法由X射線漫射分析所 檢測。這表示非晶形成分小於1%，或者於許多情況下，小 於0· 1 %。經由範例，此等粒子可藉由噴射硏磨而備製自完 全結晶化的原料。此可特別適用於石墨粒子。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -8- 1285910 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明（6) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 該粒子可包括碳或其他材料的毫微管（nanotubes )。 該印刷墨水之處理最好是使得每一該等粒子均具有一 層該電絕緣材料，其係配置介於該導電表面與該粒子之間 的第一位置中，及/或介於該粒子與其中配置有場電子發射 材料的環境之間的第二位置中，以致其場發射部位 (sites )被形成於至少某些該第一及/或第二位置上。 該等粒子可被包含於多數第一粒子與多數通常小於該 等第一粒子之第二粒子的混合物中。 至少某些該等第二粒子可修飾該等第一粒子。 至少某些第二粒子可被配置於該等第一粒子之間所界 定的空隙中。 曰亥等弟一松子可包括至少兩種不同型式之粒子。 該等第二粒子可較該等第一粒子更爲等軸的。 該等第二粒子可較該等第一粒子更似針狀。 該等第一粒子可包括石墨而該等第二粒子可包括炭 黑。 該等第一粒子可包括石墨而該等第二粒子可包括燻過 的砂土或 Laponite。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 該等第一粒子可包括一阻抗材料該等第二粒子可包括 石墨。 該等第一粒子可包括碳化矽。 該等第二粒子可具有較該等第一粒子更高的BET表面 積値。 該等第二粒子可較該等第一粒子更爲結晶狀。 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -9- 1285910 A7 ___ _ B7__ 五、發明説明（7) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 該墨水可含有該電絕緣材料之該先質，而該印刷墨水 之處理可包含使得印刷墨水承受其中該先質被轉變爲該電 絕緣材料於每一該等導電粒子之至少部分附近的條件。 該等條件可包含加熱。 該電絕緣材料可被提供爲一種大致上已形成之層於每 一該等導電粒子上。 任何上述方法均可包含將該次要成分混合並將其加入 該主要成分的先期步驟，藉以形成該墨水。 於其他型態中，本發明提供一種產生一固體的、電絕 緣層於一場發射裝置中之方法，包括下列步驟： a. 於一基底上印刷一墨水，其包括： 液體展色劑之一主要成分； 電絕緣材料之一第一次要成分，其係事先形成或提供 於其一先質中； b. 處理印上之墨水以排出該主要成分並從該基底上之 該次要成分產生固體的、電絕緣層。 該固體的、電絕緣層可被形成爲一閘絕緣體。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 任何上述方法可包含該電絕緣材料之該先質，該先質 爲一種凝膠（sol-gel)或聚合物先質之形式。 該先質可爲一種矽土凝膠。 該先質可爲一種鋁凝膠。 該先質可爲一種聚矽氧烷（polysiloxane)。 該先質可爲一種矽倍半氧烷（silsesqιιioxane)聚合物。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -10- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（g) 該矽倍半氧烷最好是選自包括沒-氯乙基矽倍半氧烷、 氫矽倍半氧烷、及乙醯氧基矽倍半氧烷之族群。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 該霉絕緣材料可被選自包括非晶砂土、ormosils、非晶 氧化鋁及Laponite之族群。 該液體展色劑可包括水。 . 該液體展色劑可包括一有機溶劑。 該液體展色劑可含有至少一添加物以控制墨水之流變 性(rheology) ° 該至少一添加物最好是包含至少一增稠劑。 該增稠劑可包括易逝的可溶有機聚合物。 於本說明書之內容中，「易逝」一詞是指一種預期會 於（例如）硬化或燃燒等處理期間被完全耗盡的材料，而 那些熟悉此項技術者將理解其無害的少量灰燼或殘留物可 能於某些情況中留下。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 該易逝的可溶有機聚合物最好是選自包括聚（乙烯） 酒精、乙基纖維素、氫氧乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、羥 丙基甲基纖維素、氫氧丙基纖維素、黃原膠（xanthan gum)、及瓜爾豆膠（guargum)。 該增稠劑可包括一非易逝的材料。 該非易逝的材料最好是選自包括燻過的砂土、炭黑、 及Laponite之族群。 一種如上所述之方法可包括至少一額外的添加物以進 一步控制墨水之性質。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -11 - 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ____ B7五、發明説明（9) 該至少額外的添加物最好是包括至少抗起泡劑、平坦 劑、濕潤劑、防腐劑、空氣釋放劑、遲縮劑、及散佈劑之 -* 〇 任何此種額外的添加物可執行一個以上此等功能。 該抗起泡劑可爲一種易逝的材料。 該易逝的材料最好是選自包括丁基乙二醇一***、正 辛醇、有機聚合物與有機金屬化合物之乳膠、及烷基苯中 之無矽氧烷的除泡沬物質之族群。 該抗起泡劑可爲一種非易逝的材料。 該非易逝的材料最好是包括矽樹脂。 該散佈劑最好是選自包括聚（乙烯）酒精，·於丁基醋 酸鹽、甲氧基丙基醋酸鹽及次丁醇中之更改的聚氨基鉀酸 酯；於甲氧基丙醇中之更改的聚丙烯酸酯；聚乙二醇單（4-(1，1，3,3-四甲基丁基）苯基）醚；及礦物油之族群。 該散佈劑最好是包括砂氧院油。 該至少一額外的添加物可包括至少一散佈劑，而至少 一該次要成分可具有對於該散佈劑之親合性。 該平坦劑係選自包括聚（乙烯）酒精、於次丁醇中之 碳氟化物更改的聚丙烯酸酯；於異丁醇中之有機更改的聚 矽氧烷；及非溶解更改的聚矽氧烷。 該濕潤劑最好是選自包括於二甲苯、正辛醇及單丙二 醇中之未飽和聚醯胺及酸酯鹽；及水中之高分子重量羧酸 的烷醇銨鹽之族群。 該防腐劑最好是選自包括酚及甲醛之族群。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁), 1T This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α 4 specifications (210Χ297 mm) -6- 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention description () 4 Metal insulator vacuum (MIMIV) emission site. This composite has conductive particles dispersed in an epoxy resin. The coating is applied to the surface by standard spin coating techniques. Then in 1995, Tuck, Taylor and Latham (GB 2 304 989) improved the above MIMIV by replacing the epoxy resin with an inorganic insulator, which improved stability and made it work in a sealed vacuum unit. In 1997, Tuck and Bishop (GB 2 332 089) described the use of metal insulator vacuum transmitters as electronic emitters. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a field emission material that is bonded to produce a wide area that can be printed by techniques such as screen printing, lithography, and the like. The preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed to providing a cost effective wide area field emission material and apparatus that can be used in the following devices: field electron emission display panels; high power pulse devices such as electronic masers and magnetic coils ( Gyrotrons); transverse field microwave tubes, such as CFAs; linear beam tubes, such as klystrons; flash X-ray tubes; trigger spark gaps and related devices; wide area X-ray sources for disinfection; vacuum gauges; spacecraft ion rockets Propeller; particle accelerator; ozonator; and plasma reactor. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a field electron emission material comprising the steps of: a printing an ink on a substrate comprising: one of the main components of the liquid vehicle; the paper size is applicable to the Chinese country Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X297 mm) (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) Order the Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Print -7-1285910 A7 _____B7__ V. Invention Description (5) a first minor component of an electrically insulating material that is previously formed or provided in a precursor; (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) a second minor component of the conductive particles; And b. processing the printed ink to expel the primary component and produce the field emission electronic material from the secondary component on the substrate. In the context of this specification, printing indicates a process for placing ink in a fixed pattern. Examples of suitable processes are (among others): 眞^ 篆 printing, electrophotography, lithography, electrostatic deposition, spraying, inkjet printing, and compensatory lithography. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in the context of the present specification, ink is printed onto a substrate comprising layers or components that are printed directly onto the substrate and printed on an existing substrate. Preferably, the substrate has a conductive surface on which the ink is printed. Preferably, the particles comprise graphite. The particles may be substantially needle shaped. The particles may be of a pronounced flake shape. Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Consumer Cooperatives, these particles can be clearly equixed. Preferably, the particles have a low amorphous content. The low amorphous content of the particles refers to a material in which the amorphous content is less than 5%, and preferably the amorphous content cannot be detected by X-ray diffusion analysis. This means that the amorphous component is less than 1% or, in many cases, less than 0.1%. By way of example, such particles can be prepared from fully crystallization of the material by jet honing. This is particularly suitable for graphite particles. This paper scale applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -8- 1285910 A7 ___B7 V. Invention description (6) (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) The particles may include carbon or other Materials of nanotubes (nanotubes). Preferably, the printing ink is treated such that each of the particles has a layer of the electrically insulating material disposed in a first position between the electrically conductive surface and the particles, and/or interposed therebetween The second location between the environments in which the field electron emissive material is disposed such that its field emission sites are formed in at least some of the first and/or second locations. The particles may be included in a mixture of a plurality of first particles and a plurality of second particles that are generally smaller than the first particles. At least some of the second particles can modify the first particles. At least some of the second particles may be disposed in the voids defined between the first particles.曰海等弟一松子 can include at least two different types of particles. The second particles can be more isometric than the first particles. The second particles may be more needle-like than the first particles. The first particles may comprise graphite and the second particles may comprise carbon black. The first particles may comprise graphite and the second particles may comprise smoked sand or Laponite. Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office Staff Consumer Cooperatives The first particles may comprise an impedance material and the second particles may comprise graphite. The first particles may include tantalum carbide. The second particles may have a higher BET surface area than the first particles. The second particles may be more crystalline than the first particles. This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -9- 1285910 A7 ___ _ B7__ V. Invention description (7) (Please read the note on the back and fill in this page) The ink can contain The precursor of the electrically insulating material, and the processing of the printing ink can include subjecting the printing ink to conditions in which the precursor is converted to the electrically insulating material in the vicinity of at least a portion of each of the electrically conductive particles. These conditions may include heating. The electrically insulating material can be provided as a substantially formed layer on each of the electrically conductive particles. Any of the above methods may comprise the prior step of mixing the secondary component and adding it to the primary component to form the ink. In other versions, the present invention provides a method of producing a solid, electrically insulating layer in a field emission device comprising the steps of: a. printing an ink on a substrate comprising: one of the liquid developers a first minor component of an electrically insulating material that is previously formed or provided in a precursor; b. processing the printed ink to expel the primary component and produce a solid from the secondary component on the substrate , electrically insulating layer. The solid, electrically insulating layer can be formed as a gate insulator. Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Office, Staff Consumer Cooperative Any of the above methods may comprise the precursor of the electrically insulating material in the form of a sol-gel or a polymer precursor. The precursor can be an alumina gel. The precursor can be an aluminum gel. The precursor can be a polysiloxane. The precursor can be a silsesqιιioxane polymer. This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -10- 1285910 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (g) The sesquisesquioxane is preferably selected from the group consisting of chloro-ethyl hydrazine. A group of sesquioxanes, hydroquinonesesquioxanes, and ethoxylated sesquioxanes. (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page.) The mildew insulation material can be selected from the group consisting of amorphous sand, ormosils, amorphous alumina and Laponite. The liquid vehicle can include water. The liquid vehicle may include an organic solvent. The liquid vehicle may contain at least one additive to control the rheology of the ink. The at least one additive preferably comprises at least one thickener. The thickener can include an evanescent soluble organic polymer. As used in this specification, the term "evanescent" refers to a material that is expected to be completely depleted during processing such as hardening or burning, and those skilled in the art will understand that it is harmless to a small amount of ash or Residues may be left in some cases. The Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office employee consumption cooperative prints the evanescent soluble organic polymer, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene) alcohol, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyl. Propyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, xanthan gum, and guar gum. The thickener can comprise a non-fade material. Preferably, the non-perishable material is selected from the group consisting of smoked sand, carbon black, and Laponite. A method as described above can include at least one additional additive to further control the properties of the ink. This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -11 - 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed A7 ____ B7 V. Invention Description (9) The at least additional additive is preferably Including at least anti-foaming agents, leveling agents, wetting agents, preservatives, air release agents, hysteresis agents, and spreading agents - * Any such additional additive may perform more than one of these functions. The anti-foaming agent can be a perishable material. The perishable material is preferably selected from the group consisting of butyl glycol monoethyl ether, n-octanol, a latex of an organic polymer and an organometallic compound, and a defoaming substance of an alkylbenzene-free deuterium. . The anti-foaming agent can be a non-fading material. The non-perishable material preferably comprises an anthracene resin. Preferably, the dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene) alcohol, modified butyl acetate in butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate and butanol; in methoxypropanol Modified polyacrylate; polyethylene glycol mono(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)ether; and a group of mineral oils. Preferably, the spreading agent comprises a sand oxide oil. The at least one additional additive can include at least one dispersing agent, and at least one of the minor components can have an affinity for the dispersing agent. The flat agent is selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene) alcohol, fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate in hypobutanol; organically modified polyoxyalkylene in isobutanol; and non-dissolved modified polyoxyn alkyl. Preferably, the humectant is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated polyamines and acid ester salts of xylene, n-octanol and monopropylene glycol; and alkanolammonium salts of high molecular weight carboxylic acids in water. Preferably, the preservative is selected from the group consisting of phenol and formaldehyde. (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page)

訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -12- 1285910 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（负 該空氣釋放劑最好是選自包括矽土粒子及聚矽氧之族 群。 該遲縮劑最好是選自包括1，2-丙二醇及香油腦之族 群ϋ 該印刷可包括屏蔽印刷。 該印刷可包括噴墨印刷。 該印刷可被選自包括補償石印術、墊印刷、表印刷及 狹縫印刷之族群。 該基底最好是有孔的，而該處理印刷墨水之步驟包含 吸收該液體展色劑之至少部分入該有孔基底中。 該處理印刷墨水之步驟最好是致使絕緣體之平均厚度 減至如印上之墨水厚度的10%以下。 絕緣體之平均厚度爲基底（於其上設置絕緣體）上之 絕緣體的平均高度，而離開墨水之任何其他的固體成分 (諸如該等導電粒子）。於此等粒子之附近，絕緣體之厚 度可被粒子之表面積及形態所影響。有關離開該成分（諸 如該等粒子），指的是距粒子周圍之至少一粒子平均半徑 的距離。 該處理印刷墨水之步驟最好是致使硬化層中之絕緣體 的平均厚度減至如印上之墨水厚度的5%以下。 該處理印刷墨水之步驟最好是致使硬化層中之絕緣體 的平均厚度減至如印上之墨水厚度的1 %以下。 該處理印刷墨水之步驟最好是致使硬化層中之絕緣體 的平均厚度減至如印上之墨水厚度的0.5%以下。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） -13- 1285910 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（1)1 5亥主要成分最好是包括至少50%之墨水重量。 該主要成分最好是包括至少80%之墨水重量。 該主要成分最好是包括至少90%之墨水重量。 該主要成分最好是包括至少95%之墨水重量。 每一該次要成分之總重最好是包括少於50%之墨水重 量。 每一該次要成分之總重最好是包括少於10%之墨水重 量。 每一該次要成分之總重最好是包括少於5 %之墨水重 量。 每一該次要成分之總重最好是包括少於2 %之墨水重 量° 每一該次要成分之總重最好是包括少於1 %之墨水重 量。 本發明延伸至一種包括場電子發射材料之場電子發射 器，此場電子發射材料係由依據本發明之任何前述型態所 製造。 本發明亦延伸至一種場電子發射裝置’其包括一如上 述之場電子發射器及用以令該發射器遭受電場而致使該發 射器發射電子之機構。 此一場電子發射裝置可包括一具有該場電子發射器之 補片（patches )陣列的基底、及具有校直之隙縫 (apertures )陣列的控制電極’其電極係由絕緣層支撐於發 射器補片之上。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -14- 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（隹 該等隙縫可爲狹縫之形式。 一種如上所述之場發射裝置可包括一電漿反應器、電 暈（corona )放電裝置、寂靜放電裝置、臭氧化器、一電子 源、電子槍、電子裝置、X射線管、真空錶、氣體塡充裝置 或離子推進器。 於上述之一場電子發射裝置中，場電子發射器可供應 裝置之操作的總電流。 於上述之一場電子發射裝置中，場電子發射器可供應 裝置之一起始、觸發或準備電流。 上述之一場電子發射裝置可包括一顯示裝置。 上述之一場電子發射裝置可包括一燈。 該燈可爲實質上平坦的。 該發射器可經由一鎭流器（ballast)電阻而被連接至一 電驅動機構，以限制電流。 該鎭流器電阻可被供應爲一電阻墊於每一該發射補片 底下。 該發射器材料及/或磷光體可被塗敷於導電軌跡之一個 以上的一維陣列之上，該等導電軌跡係被配置而被電子驅 動機構所利用以產生一掃瞄發光線。 此一場電子發射裝置可包含該電子驅動機構。 該場發射器可被配置於一環境中，其爲氣體、液體、 固體或真空。 如上所述之場電子發射裝置可包括一陰極，其爲光學 半^透明的且被相關一陽極而配置以使得其發射自陰極之電 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝. 訂 -15 - 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 _五、發明説明（作 子照射至陽極上以造成陽極上之電發光，其電發光係透過 光學半透明陰極爲可見的。 應理解其電氣術語“導電”及“絕緣”可爲相對性的，根據 其測量之基礎。半導體具備有用的導電性質而（確實）可 於本發明中被使用爲導電粒子。於此說明書之內容中，每 一該導電粒子具有導電性爲絕緣材料之至少1〇2倍（及最好 是1〇3或1〇4倍）。 圖形簡述 爲了更瞭解本發明，並說明本發明之實施例如何執 行，現在將藉由範例而參考伴隨圖形，其中： 圖1顯示一種MIMIV場發射器材料； 圖2a及2b顯示場發射層之尺寸，當藉由旋塗而澱積 且在接續的焙燒後； 圖3顯示一場發射層之尺寸，當藉由屏蔽印刷而澱積 時； 圖4顯示一印刷發射器層中之低濃度粒子的自然定 向； 圖5顯示一印刷發射器層中之較高濃度粒子的定向； 圖6顯示如何可使用一氣體塡充階段以增加印刷發射 器層之密度； 圖7a顯示一厚的發射器中之個別層如何作用爲發射器 及電阻鎭流器； 圖7b顯示絕緣粒子如何可被引入一厚的發射器層； 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1285910 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（你 圖8a至8c顯示其使用此處揭露之材料的場發射裝置之 個別範例； 圖9a顯示一陰極之發射影像； 圖9b顯示一陰極之電壓-電流特性； 圖10a及10b顯示其使用兩種不同尺寸探針所得之臨限 電場的兩個頻率統計圖； 圖11顯示另一陰極之發射影像； 圖1 2顯示其使用掃瞄探針陽極之發射特性測量； 圖13顯示此處所述之一種典型墨水的流變測量資料； 圖1 4顯示其使用此處所述之墨水之細微特徵印刷的範 例；及 圖1 5a及1 5b說明印刷及發射性質如何可藉由控制基底 之多孔性而被調整。 於圖形中，類似的參考數字係表示相似或相應的部 分。 元件對照表 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 導電粒子 電絕緣矩陣 導電基底 導電層 導電通道 粒子高度 導電通道 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -12- 1285910 Α7 Β7 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printing 5, invention description (negative air release agent is preferably selected from The group of alumina particles and polyoxo oxygen. The retardation agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol and sesame oil. The printing may include mask printing. The printing may include inkjet printing. Selecting from the group consisting of compensatory lithography, pad printing, surface printing, and slit printing. The substrate is preferably apertured, and the step of processing the printing ink comprises absorbing at least a portion of the liquid vehicle into the apertured substrate. Preferably, the step of treating the printing ink is such that the average thickness of the insulator is reduced to less than 10% of the thickness of the ink as printed. The average thickness of the insulator is the average height of the insulator on the substrate on which the insulator is disposed, and Any other solid component (such as such conductive particles) that leaves the ink. The thickness of the insulator can be affected by the surface area and morphology of the particles in the vicinity of such particles. The departure from the component (such as the particles) refers to the distance from the average radius of at least one particle around the particle. The step of treating the ink is preferably such that the average thickness of the insulator in the hardened layer is reduced to Preferably, the step of treating the ink is such that the average thickness of the insulator in the hardened layer is reduced to less than 1% of the thickness of the printed ink. The step of treating the printed ink is preferably caused by The average thickness of the insulator in the hardened layer is reduced to less than 0.5% of the thickness of the printed ink. (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page.) This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm). ) -13- 1285910 A7 B7 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed 5, Invention Description (1) 1 The main component of 5 Hai preferably includes at least 50% of the ink weight. The main component preferably includes at least 80%. The ink weight preferably comprises at least 90% of the ink weight. The primary component preferably comprises at least 95% of the ink weight. Preferably, the weight comprises less than 50% of the ink weight. The total weight of each of the minor components preferably comprises less than 10% of the ink weight. The total weight of each of the minor components preferably comprises less than 5 % of the ink weight. The total weight of each of the secondary components preferably comprises less than 2% of the ink weight. The total weight of each of the secondary components preferably comprises less than 1% of the ink weight. To a field electron emitter comprising a field electron emissive material, the field electron emissive material being fabricated by any of the foregoing forms according to the invention. The invention also extends to a field electron emission device 'which includes a field electron as described above A transmitter and a mechanism for causing the transmitter to be subjected to an electric field to cause the transmitter to emit electrons. The electron-emitting device of the field may include a substrate having an array of patches of the field electron emitter, and a control electrode having an array of aligned apertures, the electrodes of which are supported by the insulator layer by the insulating layer. on. (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page.) This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -14- 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed A7 B7 V. Invention Description (The slits may be in the form of slits. A field emission device as described above may include a plasma reactor, a corona discharge device, a silent discharge device, an ozonator, an electron source, an electron gun, An electronic device, an X-ray tube, a vacuum gauge, a gas charging device or an ion thruster. In the above field electron emission device, the field electron emitter can supply a total current of operation of the device. In the above field electron emission device, The field electron emitter may supply one of the devices to initiate, trigger or prepare the current. One of the field electron emission devices may include a display device. One of the field electron emission devices may include a lamp. The lamp may be substantially flat. The device can be connected to an electric drive mechanism via a ballast resistor to limit the current. The choke resistor can be supplied A resistor pad should be placed under each of the emission patches. The emitter material and/or phosphor can be applied over one or more one-dimensional array of conductive traces that are configured to be electronically The drive mechanism is utilized to generate a scan light line. The field electron emitter may include the electronic drive mechanism. The field emitter may be disposed in an environment that is a gas, liquid, solid or vacuum. The electron-emitting device may comprise a cathode which is optically semi-transparent and is configured by an associated anode such that it is emitted from the cathode. The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) (please Read the following notes on the back and fill out this page. • Install. Order -15 - 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed A7 B7 _ V. Invention Description (The ray is irradiated onto the anode to cause electroluminescence on the anode The electroluminescence is visible through the optically translucent cathode. It should be understood that the electrical terms "conducting" and "insulating" may be relative, based on the basis of their measurement. The conductors have useful conductive properties and (really) can be used as conductive particles in the present invention. In the context of this specification, each of the conductive particles has an electrical conductivity of at least 1 to 2 times that of the insulating material (and preferably BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To better understand the present invention and to explain how the embodiments of the present invention are implemented, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings by way of example, in which: Figure 1 shows a MIMIV field emitter material Figures 2a and 2b show the size of the field emission layer when deposited by spin coating and after successive firing; Figure 3 shows the size of a field emission layer when deposited by mask printing; Figure 4 shows a The natural orientation of the low concentration particles in the printed emitter layer; Figure 5 shows the orientation of the higher concentration particles in a printed emitter layer; Figure 6 shows how a gas charge phase can be used to increase the density of the printed emitter layer; Figure 7a shows how individual layers in a thick emitter act as emitters and resistor chokes; Figure 7b shows how insulating particles can be introduced into a thick emitter layer; Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) 1285910 A7 B7 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printing 5, invention description (you show it in Figures 8a to 8c) An example of a field emission device using the materials disclosed herein; Figure 9a shows the emission image of a cathode; Figure 9b shows the voltage-current characteristics of a cathode; Figures 10a and 10b show the use of two different size probes. Two frequency statistics of the limited electric field; Figure 11 shows the emission image of the other cathode; Figure 12 shows the emission characteristics of the anode using the scanning probe; Figure 13 shows the rheological measurement of a typical ink described here. Figure 14 shows an example of its use for the fine feature printing of the inks described herein; and Figures 15a and 15b illustrate how the printing and emission properties can be adjusted by controlling the porosity of the substrate. In the figures, like reference numerals indicate similar or corresponding parts. Component comparison table 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 Conductive particles Electrically insulating matrix Conductive substrate Conductive layer Conductive channel Particles Highly conductive channel This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) (Please read the back of the note first) Please fill out this page again)

-17- 1285910 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（仿 18 20 21 22 24 25 26 31 400 401 411 420 421 430 431 432, 433 441 450 451 452 453 460, 461 500 501 通道 場發射電流 導電基底 絕緣體層 平均絕緣體厚度 導電粒子 絕緣體先質材料 層厚度 粒子 基底 空隙 炭黑 薄片狀粒子 導電粒子 絕緣體 導電通道 區域 碳化石夕 導電粒子 絕緣體層 發射器部位 區域 絕緣基底 陰極軌跡 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)-17- 1285910 A7 B7 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed 5, Invention Description (Imitation 18 20 21 22 24 25 26 31 400 401 411 420 421 430 431 432, 433 441 450 451 452 453 460, 461 500 501 Channel field emission current conductive substrate insulator layer average insulator thickness conductive particle insulator precursor material layer thickness particle substrate void carbon black flaky particle conductive particle insulator conductive channel region carbon carbide eve conductive particle insulator layer emitter portion region insulating substrate cathode track (please Read the notes on the back and fill out this page.)

本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -18- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（你 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 502 發射器層 503 聚焦栅極層 504 閘極絕緣體 505 閘極軌跡 506 發射器單元 507 電子 510 可定址結構 511 陽極板 512 磷光質屏蔽 513 玻璃料密封 514 空間 520 陰極板 521 導電層 522 發射層 523 陽極板 524 導電層 525 磷光質層 526 玻璃料 527 間隙 1 400，1401，1402，1403 尺寸 1501 基底 1502 多孔層 1503 CHTR發射器墨水層 1504 導電粒子 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝·This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -18- 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (Your Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative prints 502 emitter layer 503 focus gate layer 504 gate Pole insulator 505 gate track 506 emitter unit 507 electron 510 addressable structure 511 anode plate 512 phosphorescent shield 513 frit seal 514 space 520 cathode plate 521 conductive layer 522 emissive layer 523 anode plate 524 conductive layer 525 phosphor layer 526 glass Material 527 Clearance 1 400, 1401, 1402, 1403 Size 1501 Substrate 1502 Porous Layer 1503 CHTR Emitter Ink Layer 1504 Conductive Particles (Please read the back note before filling this page) - Install ·

、1T 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） .1Q - 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ____B7 _五、發明説明（帘 液體成分 本發明可具有許多不同的實施例，而有數個範例被提 供於下列敘述中。應理解實際上一實施例或範例可被使用 以其他實施例或範例之特徵。 較佳實施例之詳細敘述 圖 1 顯示如 Tuck，Taylor 及 Latham(GB 2 304 989)所述 之一種MIMIV，以導電粒子11於一無機、電絕緣矩陣12 中，在一導電基底13之上。爲了使基底13絕緣，則在塗 敷之前鋪上一導電層14。導電層14塗佈以數種機構，包含 (但不限定於）真空及電漿塗敷、電鍍、無電電鍍及墨水 爲基礎的方法。 發射程序被相信係發生如下。最初絕緣體1 2形成一介 於粒子Π與基底1 3之間的阻擋接點。一粒子之電壓將升 至其所探測之最高等電位的電位一此被稱爲天線效應。於 某一供應電壓下，此將足夠高以產生一電形成的導電通道 1 7於粒子與基底之間。粒子之電位接著快速地跳動朝向基 底13或導電層14(其通常係配置爲一陰極軌跡）之電位。 於粒子之上的殘餘電荷接著造成一高的電場，其產生一第 二電形成通道18及一相關的金屬絕緣體真空（MIV)熱電 子發射部位。在此開啓程序之後，可反轉的場發射電流20 可被引出自該部位。 開啓電形成通道所需的靜止電場係由粒子高度1 6對導 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝< 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -20- 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（负 電通道1 5區域中之矩陣厚度的比率而決定。爲了獲得最小 的開啓電場，則導電通道上之矩陣1 2的厚度應明顯地小於 粒子高度。導電粒子通常將爲（雖未限定於）0.1微米至 400微米之範圍內，最好是具有一狹窄的尺寸分佈。 “通道”、“導電通道”或電形成通道指的是絕緣體之一區 域，其中該通道之性質已被局部地修改，通常係藉由某種 涉及電荷注射或加熱之形成程序。此一修改有助於將電子 從導電背部接點注入絕緣體中，以使得電子可移動通過該 絕緣體、獲得能量、且被射出透過或通過表面電位障蔽而 至真空中。於一結晶固體中，可直接注射入導電帶中，或 者於非結晶材料之情況下，可注射於一能量位準（其中可 有跳躍導電）上。 藉由印刷（尤其是屏蔽印刷）以澱積MIMIV或MIV發 射器是一種挑戰。過去，申請人已藉由旋塗並接著焙燒來 澱積發射器。圖2b顯示一種熱處理層之理想結構，其具有 導電基底2 1、絕緣體層22及導電粒子25。我們已發現到 最佳的平均絕緣體厚度24爲大約100 nm :然而，粒子25 之頂部上的絕緣體厚度應約爲20 nm。圖2a顯示熱處理前 之近旋轉層，其中絕緣體先質材料26之總厚度爲如熱處理 層厚度之相同等級。旋塗墨水具有低的黏性，結果，需經 常地激發墨水中之粒子的懸浮。此黏性之液體（即使藉助 於散佈劑）無法避免粒子結塊，一旦超過某一關鍵濃度 時。此濃度甚低於最佳發射器之理想位準。 就以微粒爲基礎的印刷場發射結構而言，本技術之明 辦衣 ^ 訂 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -21 - 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（审 顯趨勢係實現一般厚度膜的電路及使用糊狀形式之墨水。 參見（例如）Tcherepanov et al Proc. Tri-service/NASA Cathode Workshpo, Cleveland, Ohio( 1 994); EP 0905 737 Al ； KR 99- 1 8948 ； KR 99- 127 17 ； KR 99-1 5280。所謂糊狀指 的是一種可塑的混合物，其中微粒成分包括大多數的配方 且其中流變（及因而其印刷）性質係藉由該等微粒成分間 之摩擦力而被高度地控制。 另一種已被嘗試之方法（KR 2000-20870 )係形成粒子 之泥漿，且其絕緣體先質足夠黏稠以達成粒子之較高濃度 但仍具足夠的液態性以被旋塗至一層中，儘管並非如前所 述之典型單層MIMIV或MIV。此一泥漿提供最差的兩種情 況，因其太黏稠而無法執行噴墨印刷且太過液態而無法執 行屏蔽印刷。該專利案之發明人係藉由一種光石印噴出程 序以成形其發射器膜。 本發明之較佳實施例提供典型MIMIV及MIV結構之屏 蔽印刷墨水的方法，其遭遇一種如圖3所示之挑戰。墨水 黏性如今可甚高於先前所提議者，而因此粒子結塊較不成 問題，但是近澱積層厚度31現在約爲20微米。於熱處理 方面，此處需用以可控制地縮小而產生如圖2b中所示之已 知最佳尺寸的良好品質膜。我們將稱這些爲可控制的高厚 度減少墨水（CHTR墨水）。 MIMIV及MIV發射器層塗敷含有兩種基本成分： 1. 導電粒子；及 2. 絕緣體相。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -22- 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _B7_五、發明説明（本 於其被用以施加MIMIV及MIV發射器塗敷之CHTR屏 蔽印刷墨水的情況下，墨水亦可含有其他成分（經常爲暫 時的），其被加入以控制塗敷期間所需的流變或其他性 質。諸如黏土或燻過的矽土等塡充料可被加入以控制墨水 之流變性。 例如，L a ρ ο n i t e爲一種具有2 5 n m平均直徑之薄片的合 成黏土，且其具有對於水溶液之黏性的深遠影響，藉由形 成凝膠溶液。乳膠亦可被使用以控制黏性。許多有機聚合 物（其亦可被使用）產生殘餘物於熱分解時（本技術中常 稱之爲“燒完（burn out) ”）。殘餘物通常可包括碳及/或鹽 及/或矽土。此等額外的材料可在其於塗敷及硬化階段期間 已完成功效後被移除。後塗敷處理（通常爲加熱）亦可能 需要，以將先質轉變爲一絕緣體塗層之機能成分所需的最 終形式。 發射器粒子最便於被加入至其已從理想材料所形成之 墨水，且具有理想的粒子尺寸分佈。然而，諸如熱分解、 化學還原或其他反應等處理可被使用以將一先質材料變換 爲發射材料所需的形式。 一絕緣體相最好是呈現爲一薄的、連續的層於整個發 射器表面上，而（於其最終形式）需於高度真空下爲無限 期地穩定的。雖然易於從有機聚合物形成一絕緣層（例 如，S Bajic 及 R V Latham，（Journal of Physics D Applied Physics，vol.2 1 200-204( 1 998))且這些聚合物係操作於一持 續打氣的包圍中，其在一密封的、排空的單元中是無法接 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -23- 1285910 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（功 受的（因爲易揮發成分之加熱除氣（outgassing))。此外， 電子裝置之製造經常涉及高溫結合操作，其將破壞一有機 聚合物。一具有可忽略蒸汽壓力之無機塗層因而是非常理 想的，但是更不易從一可印刷合成物形成爲一薄層。絕緣 金屬氧化物之薄膜可藉由蒸發或濺射而被輕易地澱積於真 空中，但是爲了簡易及經濟的處理程序則需要一種液體先 質，其（連同理想的導電粒子）可被加入一種可被印刷之 墨水中。 一種液體先質之型式爲一種液體或可溶解的複合物， 其將分解以形成一金屬氧化物於加熱時。有許多金屬鹽， 其將經歷此分解但是其形成微粒粉末沈澱物而非所需的 膜。有一些物質（諸如鎂醋酸鹽）將於某些條件（諸如噴 灑至熱玻璃上）下形成透明的塗層，但是這些物質易於再 結晶化並展現不佳的黏著性。有機金屬複合物可產生較佳 的結果，但是其高揮發性導致不易將塗層侷限至所需的面 積，且由於（例如）其極易燃或甚至是自燃而使得處理程 序困難。可實現的材料之一範圍被發現於凝膠，其可被產 生自廣大範圍的元件。這些材料將藉由接合及從液體狀態 乾燥而輕易地形成膜，且通常相容與廣大範圍的其他材 料。 絕緣體之化學本質的控制是基本的，因爲此將決定其 電性質，其因而對於場發射程序是關鍵的。非晶矽土已被 發現爲一種特別適當的絕緣體，且可經由有機或無機化學 途徑以形成膜。其他可被用以增進效果的絕緣體爲非晶氧 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -24- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（本 化錦及L a ρ ο n i t e。 於有機爲基礎之方式的情況下，諸如矽氧烷（聚矽氧 烷）可被使用。同樣地，Arkles (美國專利5,853,808號） 描述使用silsesquioxane聚合物當作先質以供備製砂土膜。 我們發現到這些材料係發射器墨水配方（formulation )中之 凝膠散佈的有用替代品。這些材料可反轉地可溶解於數種 溶劑中，例如，甲氧基丙醇。一種聚合物（/3 -氯乙基 silsesquioxane )已被發現爲特別有用的。已知其/3 ·氯乙基 silsesguioxane 及其他 silsesguioxanes ， 諸如氫 silsesquioxane 及乙醯氧基 silsesquioxane，產生 ormosils (有機修改的矽土），於加熱或暴露至存在臭氧之紫外線 照射。因爲（例如）某些修改的聚砂氧院爲可溶於水的， 所以有機爲主之方式無須必然包含有機溶劑。 於無機方式之情況下，凝膠材料提供易於改變其組成 之寬廣機會，且相容與溶劑混合物，諸如：酒精與水；及 酒精、丙酮與水。 如先前所指出，用以澱積場發射之結構的CHTR印刷 墨水經常具有兩種不尋常的特徵，其使得墨水配方特別具 挑戰性。 墨水之展色劑成分爲易逝的，其係由後續的乾燥及加 熱處理而被分解及/或揮發以留下絕緣體或絕緣體先質，並 包括較其他屏蔽印刷技術（例如，用於裝飾陶器或厚膜混 合電路之墨水）中之正常情況下更多得多的墨水比例。 墨水中之固體粒子的比例依傳統屏蔽印刷墨水標準而 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝- 、11 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -25- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 A7 ____B7_ 五、發明説明（本 言是極低的。 這些特徵之第一點限制了選取那些可被加入以供控制 墨水之流變性質的材料。任何被引入以增加黏性之易逝聚 合物必須分解並揮發於其將不會損害剩餘結構（例如，玻 璃基底之變形）之溫度。實際上，如此極可能限定移除在 不大於450°C之溫度。爲了緩和此程序，亦希望使用最少量 的任何添加物。對於根據有機溶劑之墨水，範例材料爲乙 基纖維素，其通常溶解於香油腦中，及溶解於多種酯與碳 氫化合物溶劑之混合物中的甲基丙烯酸酯。 絕緣體可接著經由適當的先質而被引入。於矽土之情 況下，其可藉由（例如）適當的替代聚矽氧烷（矽氧 院）、silsesquioxanes或矽土凝膠等而被引入。這些聚合物 之乾淨且完全的分解被達成於約3 50 °C之前以產生矽土或 ormosil 〇 以水爲基礎之墨水不僅避免關於使用易燃及有害溶劑 之問題，其亦容許使用廣大範圍之水爲基礎的凝膠材料， 以供形成發射器結構之絕緣體成分。印刷所需之濃度的增 加可被達成，藉由使用可溶於水的聚合物，諸如聚（乙;(：希 酒精）或氫氧乙基纖維素（HPC ) —其均可藉由熱揮發而被 輕易地移除。聚（乙烯酒精）或HPC具有進一步的優點 (當使用與凝膠材料時），亦即其本身各可變爲與溶膠結 合（藉由凝膠之氫氧根族群與聚合物側鍊之那些氫氧根族 群的凝聚）。如此導致墨水黏性之有力的升高，而容許使 用減低濃度的聚合物。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） ~ 一 批衣 „ 訂 务 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 A7 ________B7 _ 五、發明説明（淨 流變性之控制亦由這些墨水中所需之一般低粒子載入 所影響。而於大部分印刷墨水中，粒子濃度足夠大以產生 對於墨水黏性之主要貢獻，於這些墨水之某些形式中，粒 子對於流變性質之任何影響均爲可忽略的，且墨水之流變 性質爲（主要）展色劑及先質或展色劑、先質及塡充料之 那些性質。此對於屏蔽印刷之墨水是特別重要的，其中高 的粒子載入協助避免墨水通過印刷屏蔽之細網時的起泡。 在無此效果之情況下，這些墨水需要一替代機構以避免印 刷期間之起泡。一種方式係結合一抗起泡及/或空氣釋放劑 至墨水中。聚合物及墨水添加物製造商提供多種合乎此目 的之材料，諸如較長鍊的脂肪族酒精或專利的礦物油型去 泡劑。丁基纖維素及正辛醇可用於聚（乙烯酒精），而正 辛醇可用於氫氧丙基纖維素。當使用與凝膠時，聚（乙烯 酒精）或氫氧丙基纖維素側鍊與聚合物之凝聚招致溶液之 輕微凍結’其係非常有利的，因爲其增加了既定量之聚合 物的黏性。凝膠亦有助於去除屏蔽印刷期間之任何起泡。 某些聚合物亦可作用爲散佈劑，藉由避免粒子流入墨 水以及藉由塗敷粒子而導致空間排斥。 墨水可選配地含有：散佈劑、防腐劑、遲縮劑（以減 緩墨水乾燥之速率）、濕潤劑（以增進基底上之墨水的濕 潤）。 用於印刷之材料通常（但非必要）爲單一液體相。然 而，微粒成分可使用適當的表面活性劑而被散佈於（例 如）一礦物油相，其無法混合與聚合物及所使用之大部分 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） ---------裝----；---打------線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -27- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 A7 _B7 五、發明説明（$ 溶劑。 我方的先前專利案（例如，GB 2 304 989，GB 2 332 089 )教導其電子發射之臨限電場係由包含：藉由粒子以增 加宏觀的電場（所謂的/3因素）等因素所控制。現在來看 圖4，石墨（最佳的一種粒子）通常具有薄片狀的習性，而 因此，粒子400易於被拉引下至基底401之表面上，藉由 墨水之液體相（未顯示）。那些熟悉本項技術者將瞭解於 此狀態下，其/3因素係於其最低的値。圖5顯示當印刷厚 度增加時之膜的結構：如前所述，絕緣體相並未顯示。於 薄片狀粒子之情況下，現在形成更混亂的結構，其具有許 多4 1 0朝上傾斜而增加其相關的因素。Θ因素可被進一 步增加，藉由使用選定等級的石墨，其（由於所使用之特 定的碾磨條件)具有高比例的針狀粒子。兩種配置具有兩 種潛在的缺點。首先有許多空隙4 11，而假如墨水中之絕緣 體濃度被增加以將其塡滿時，則所得於粒子之上的絕緣體 層可能對於低電場發射而言會太厚。其次，以正確之絕緣 體量以供發射，則膜可能成爲機械上軟弱或者多孔的，而 使得難以建立閘及其他結構於其頂部上。圖6顯示一種方 法以克服此問題。更爲等軸的粒子（諸如炭黑420 ) ’其被 選定尺寸以利塡充空隙，被加至薄片狀粒子421。炭黑於許 多情況下均爲理想的，因爲其小的主要粒子聚集以形成如 同葡萄串之結耩，且這些粒子的聚集持續以形成更大的團 塊。等軸的粒子不僅增加膜之強度及密度’其同時具有支 持薄片之傾向，而因此，增加其相關的/5因素。另一種方 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） I 私衣 ： 訂 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -28- 1285910 A7 _ _B7_ 五、發明説明（雄 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 式係使用石墨，其已被碾磨以增加等軸粒子之比例，這些 粒子將突出於表面之上，而不論其相對的定向，並同時有 助於支持任何較不等軸的粒子。 我方的先前專利案（GB 2 304 989 )描述其介於發射粒 子與導電基底間之電阻鎭流器層的使用。圖7a顯示此一配 置，其係形成自一如圖5中所示之厚膜，其具有基底401、 導電粒子430及絕緣體431。在一般的電形成階段之後，導 電通道432及433被建立於導電粒子430之間。位於表面上 之通道433變爲電子發射之來源，而層本體中之通道432 協助穩定發射的電流。因此膜之區域440爲發射器層，如 先前所教導，而區域44 1提供一鎭流器層。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖7b顯示上述槪念如何被延伸以增加電阻鎭流效應。 於此例中，電阻粒子（諸如碳化矽450 )被混合與較小的導 電粒子45 1 (例如，石墨），其係已知於結合絕緣體層452 時得以提供最佳的發射。相對尺寸及濃度被選擇以使得較 小的導電粒子不會共同地形成其穿越電阻層之導電通路。 較小的導電粒子形成MIMIV發射器部位453於較大電阻粒 子之表面上。於發射部位上之電場增加被增加至其於一平 坦基底上之値以上，以較大電阻粒子之/3因素而加強其裝 飾表面之較小導電粒子的冷因素。介於電阻粒子450間之 電連接係由於其通過絕緣材料452所提供之矩陣的滲出。 因此，膜之區域46 1爲如先前所教導之發射器層，而區域 460提供一鎭流器層。當然較大的粒子無需爲電阻性的，而 只需要/3因素之增加。於此一配置中，一具有兩種（例 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 公釐） -29- 1285910 A7 _B7___ 五、發明説明（2Χ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 如）石墨粒子之尺寸的墨水被配製以減小最終發射器之操 作電場。較小粒子之性質亦可被謹慎地選擇以利良好的發 射，例如，良好的結晶及/或針形狀。 本發明之較佳實施例利用其至少部分地塗敷或裝飾以 非晶砂土之石墨粒子，此砂土被摻雜及/或嚴重地缺陷。所 謂嚴重地缺陷是指一種矽土，其中帶邊緣係散佈有多數可 會g (或可能不）被局部化之狀態，以致其延伸入帶隙以藉 由跳躍機構而協助載體之傳輸。摻雜指的是我方的專利GB 2 3 5 3 6 3 1中所描述之摻雜。然而，完美功能的發射器可使 用其他絕緣體系統（例如，氧化銘及Laponite )而製造。 使用本發明之教導的CHTR墨水配方之範例被描述如 下。 爲了避免重複，於下描述一些關鍵的材料一所有給定 的値均爲代表性而非絕對。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 石墨A :是一種高純度的合成薄片形材料，其具有使 用一種Mai vern儀器所測得之6.5微米的値。其使用 BET方法所測得之特定表面積爲每克 2〇平方公尺。 Brunauer，Emmett，及Teller ( BET )方法係由其作者描述於 Journal of American Chem. Society. 60,309,1933。其鄰苯一 甲酸二丁酯（dibutylphthalate )吸收爲每loo克之其164 克。 石墨B :是一種自然的薄片形材料，其具有使用 Malveni儀器所測得之6.6微米的d”値。 石墨C :是一種高純度的合成薄片形材料，其具有使用 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） '-- 1285910 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（夺 Malvern儀器所測得之4.7微米的d9〇値。其使用BET方法 所測得之特定表面積爲每克26平方公尺。 石墨D 1 :是類似於石墨A，但是其原料及碾磨條件被 選擇以增加等軸粒子之比例。其具有使用Malvern儀器所測 得之6.1微米的心。値。 石墨D2:是類似於石墨A，但是其原料及碾磨條件被 選擇以增加針狀粒子之比例。其具有使用Malvern儀器所測 得之6.5微米的心。値。其使用BET方法所測得之特定表面 積爲每克17平方公尺。 碳毫微管D3:是單一及/或多壁的碳毫微管’其係使用 傳統電弧放電方法而被生長於一種氦氣體中’其接著被硏 磨、以酸洗滌、並於除去離子的水中沖洗。 石墨E ··是一種混合等軸與薄片形粒子之球狀碾磨的合 成石墨，其具有最大至8微米之尺寸範圍。其使用BET方 法所測得之特定表面積爲每克127平方公尺。 石墨F:是一種具有粒子尺寸範圍從1至13微米之自 然材料（錫蘭Ceylon )，其具有使用Ma 1 vern儀器所測得之 6微米的典型値。其使用BET方法所測得之特定表面積爲 每克9至21平方公尺的範圍。 石墨G:是一種具有粒子尺寸範圍從4至7微米之自然 的薄片形材料，其具有使用Malvern儀器所測得之6微米的 典型値。其使用BET方法所測得之特定表面積爲每克11·6 平方公尺。 碳化矽Η :具有其使用Malvern儀器而決定之1.48微 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝. 、1' 線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -31 - 1285910 A7 _B7_五、發明説明（部 米的d90値之粒子。 石墨散佈I ··是一種石墨A之水般糊狀的散佈。其具有 5.5之pH値。 石墨散佈J ··是一種水般小珠碾磨之預散佈的膠狀石 墨，其具有11%的固體含量。其90%之微粒相是次微米， 而有5%以下超過5微米。其pH値大於10。 石墨散佈K :是一種懸浮於礦物油中之穩定的膠狀石 墨，其具有20%的固體含量。其95%之微粒相小於1微 米。 _氫氧丙基纖維素L :具有由尺寸排除色層分析所決定之 140000的平均分子重量。 氫氧丙基纖維素Μ :具有由尺寸排除色層分析所決定 之370000的平均分子重量。 聚（乙烯酒精）Ν ··是8 8 %部分水解的聚乙烯酒精’於 4%容量之水溶液中，於20度C。其黏性爲40 mPa.s ° 二氧化矽先質P:是一種於甲氧基丙醇中之氯乙基 silsesquioxane 的溶液 0 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝·1T This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297 mm).1Q - 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printing A7 ____B7 _ V. Invention description (curtain liquid composition The present invention can have many different The embodiments are provided with the following examples in the following description. It should be understood that an embodiment or example may be used in other embodiments or examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Figure 1 shows, for example, Tuck, Taylor. And a MIMIV according to Latham (GB 2 304 989), with conductive particles 11 in an inorganic, electrically insulating matrix 12 on top of a conductive substrate 13. To insulate the substrate 13, a layer is applied before coating. Conductive layer 14. Conductive layer 14 is coated in a number of mechanisms including, but not limited to, vacuum and plasma coating, electroplating, electroless plating, and ink based methods. The emission procedure is believed to occur as follows. Initial Insulator 1 2 forms a blocking junction between the particle crucible and the substrate 13. The voltage of a particle will rise to the highest equipotential potential it detects is called the antenna effect. At a supply voltage, this will be high enough to create an electrically formed conductive channel 17 between the particles and the substrate. The potential of the particles then rapidly bounces toward the substrate 13 or the conductive layer 14 (which is typically configured as a cathode track) The potential charge on the particles then causes a high electric field, which produces a second electrical formation channel 18 and an associated metal insulator vacuum (MIV) thermal electron emission site. The field emission current 20 can be extracted from this part. The static electric field required to turn on the electricity to form the channel is guided by the particle height of 16 (please read the back of the note first and then fill out this page) Loading < Book Size Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -20- 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed A7 B7 V. Invention description (the ratio of the thickness of the matrix in the negative channel 15 area is determined. In order to obtain the minimum on-state electric field, the thickness of the matrix 12 on the conductive path should be significantly smaller than the particle height. The conductive particles will usually be (although not limited to) 0.1 micron. In the range of up to 400 microns, it is preferred to have a narrow size distribution. "Channel", "conducting channel" or electrically formed channel refers to a region of the insulator where the properties of the channel have been modified locally, usually By a process involving the formation of charge injection or heating. This modification helps to inject electrons from the conductive back contacts into the insulator so that the electrons can move through the insulator, gain energy, and be emitted through or through the surface potential. The barrier is in a vacuum. In a crystalline solid, it can be injected directly into the conductive strip, or in the case of an amorphous material, it can be injected at an energy level (where there can be jump conductive). The deposition of MIMIV or MIV emitters by printing (especially shield printing) is a challenge. In the past, applicants have deposited emitters by spin coating followed by firing. Fig. 2b shows an ideal structure of a heat treatment layer having a conductive substrate 21, an insulator layer 22 and conductive particles 25. We have found that the optimum average insulator thickness 24 is about 100 nm: however, the thickness of the insulator on top of the particles 25 should be about 20 nm. Figure 2a shows the near-rotation layer prior to heat treatment wherein the total thickness of the insulator precursor material 26 is the same grade as the thickness of the heat treated layer. The spin-on ink has a low viscosity, and as a result, it is necessary to constantly excite the suspension of particles in the ink. This viscous liquid (even with the aid of a dispersing agent) cannot avoid particle agglomeration once it exceeds a certain critical concentration. This concentration is well below the ideal level for an optimal emitter. For the particle-based printing field emission structure, the technology of the technology is set up (please read the note on the back and fill in the page). The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297) PCT) -21 - 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office Staff Consumer Cooperatives Printed A7 B7 V. Invention Description (Appearing trend is to realize the circuit of general thickness film and use paste-like ink. See, for example, Tcherepanov et al Proc. Tri-service/NASA Cathode Workshpo, Cleveland, Ohio (1 994); EP 0905 737 Al; KR 99- 1 8948; KR 99-127 17; KR 99-1 5280. The so-called paste refers to a plastic mixture. The particulate component includes most of the formulations and wherein the rheological (and thus printed) properties are highly controlled by the friction between the particulate components. Another tried method (KR 2000-20870) Forming a slurry of particles with an insulator that is sufficiently viscous to achieve a higher concentration of particles but still sufficient liquidity to be spin coated into a layer, although not as typical of a single layer of MIM as previously described. IV or MIV. This mud provides the worst of both cases, because it is too viscous to perform inkjet printing and is too liquid to perform shield printing. The inventor of this patent uses a photolithography process to Forming its emitter film. The preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method of masking printing inks of typical MIMIV and MIV structures that encounters a challenge as shown in Figure 3. The ink viscosity is now much higher than previously suggested, Thus, particle agglomeration is less of a problem, but the near-deposited layer thickness 31 is now about 20 microns. In terms of heat treatment, it is required to be controllably reduced to produce a good known size as shown in Figure 2b. Quality film. We will call these controllable high thickness reduction inks (CHTR inks). The MIMIV and MIV emitter layer coatings contain two basic components: 1. Conductive particles; and 2. Insulator phase. (Read first on the back) Note on this page. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -22- 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed A7 _B7_ Description of the Invention (In the case where it is used to apply CHTR shield printing ink applied by MIMIV and MIV emitters, the ink may also contain other components (often temporary) which are added to control the need during coating. Rheological or other properties. A crucible such as clay or smoked alumina can be added to control the rheology of the ink. For example, La ρ ο nite is a synthetic clay with a thin sheet of 25 nm average diameter, And it has a profound effect on the viscosity of the aqueous solution by forming a gel solution. Latex can also be used to control viscosity. Many organic polymers (which may also be used) produce residues upon thermal decomposition (commonly referred to in the art as "burn out"). The residue may generally comprise carbon and/or salt and/or alumina. These additional materials can be removed after they have completed their efficacy during the application and hardening stages. Post-coating treatment (usually heating) may also be required to convert the precursor into the final form required for the functional composition of an insulator coating. The emitter particles are most conveniently added to the ink they have formed from the desired material and have an ideal particle size distribution. However, treatments such as thermal decomposition, chemical reduction or other reactions can be used to transform a precursor material into the desired form of the emissive material. Preferably, an insulator phase is presented as a thin, continuous layer over the entire surface of the emitter, and (in its final form) is indefinitely stable under high vacuum. Although it is easy to form an insulating layer from an organic polymer (for example, S Bajic and RV Latham, (Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, vol. 2 1 200-204 (1 998)) and these polymers are operated in a continuous pumping In the encirclement, it cannot be connected in a sealed, empty unit (please read the back note first and then fill in this page). This paper scale applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -23 - 1285910 A7 B7 Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Bureau, Staff Consumer Cooperatives, Printing 5, Invention Description (Because of the volatile gas outgassing). In addition, the manufacture of electronic devices often involves high-temperature bonding operations, which will Destruction of an organic polymer. An inorganic coating with negligible vapor pressure is therefore highly desirable, but less likely to form a thin layer from a printable composition. The film of insulating metal oxide can be evaporated or sputtered. It is easily deposited in a vacuum, but for a simple and economical process, a liquid precursor is required, which (along with the ideal conductive particles) can be added A type of liquid precursor that is a liquid or soluble composite that will decompose to form a metal oxide upon heating. There are many metal salts that will undergo this decomposition but form microparticles. Powder precipitates instead of the desired film. Some substances, such as magnesium acetate, will form a clear coating under certain conditions, such as spraying onto hot glass, but these materials tend to recrystallize and exhibit poor performance. Adhesion. Organometallic composites produce better results, but their high volatility makes it difficult to limit the coating to the required area and is difficult to handle due to, for example, its extremely flammable or even spontaneous combustion. One range of achievable materials is found in gels that can be produced from a wide range of components. These materials will be easily formed by bonding and drying from a liquid state, and are generally compatible with a wide range of other The control of the chemical nature of the insulator is essential as it will determine its electrical properties, which are therefore critical to the field emission procedure. It has been found to be a particularly suitable insulator and can be formed into films by organic or inorganic chemical means. Other insulators that can be used to enhance the effect are amorphous oxygen (please read the back note before filling this page) The scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -24-1285910 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (this chemistry and L a ρ ο nite. In the case of an organic based approach, such as 矽 矽(Polyoxane) can be used. Similarly, Arkles (U.S. Patent No. 5,853,808) describes the use of a silsesquioxane polymer as a precursor for the preparation of a sand film. We have found that these materials are a useful alternative to gel dispersion in emitter ink formulations. These materials are reversibly soluble in several solvents, for example, methoxypropanol. A polymer (/3-chloroethyl silsesquioxane) has been found to be particularly useful. It is known that its /3 · chloroethyl silsesguioxane and other silsesguioxanes, such as hydrogen silsesquioxane and ethoxylated silsesquioxane, produce ormosils (organic modified bauxite), which are heated or exposed to the presence of ozone. Because, for example, certain modified polyxides are water soluble, the organic based approach does not necessarily include organic solvents. In the case of inorganic methods, the gel material provides a broad opportunity to easily change its composition and is compatible with solvent mixtures such as: alcohol and water; and alcohol, acetone and water. As noted previously, CHTR printing inks used to deposit field emission structures often have two unusual features that make ink formulations particularly challenging. The ink developer component is evanescent, which is decomposed and/or volatilized by subsequent drying and heat treatment to leave an insulator or insulator precursor, and includes other shield printing techniques (eg, for decorative pottery). Or a larger ratio of ink in the normal case of thick film hybrid circuits). The ratio of solid particles in the ink is based on the traditional shield printing ink standard and the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). -11 Economic Department Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed - 25 - Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed 1285910 A7 ____B7_ V. Invention Description (This statement is extremely low. The first point of these features limits the selection of those that can be added A material that controls the rheological properties of an ink. Any evanescent polymer that is introduced to increase viscosity must decompose and volatilize at a temperature that will not damage the remaining structure (eg, deformation of the glass substrate). It may be possible to limit the removal to temperatures of no more than 450 ° C. To alleviate this procedure, it is also desirable to use a minimum amount of any additives. For inks based on organic solvents, the example material is ethyl cellulose, which is usually dissolved in the sesame oil brain. And methacrylate dissolved in a mixture of various esters and hydrocarbon solvents. The insulator can then be passed through the appropriate first Introduced qualitatively. In the case of bauxite, it can be introduced by, for example, a suitable alternative to polyoxyalkylene oxides, silsesquioxanes or alumina gels, etc. These polymers are clean and completely The decomposition is achieved at about 3 50 °C to produce alumina or ormosil water-based inks that not only avoid the use of flammable and hazardous solvents, but also allow the use of a wide range of water-based gel materials. For forming an insulator component of the emitter structure. An increase in the concentration required for printing can be achieved by using a water-soluble polymer such as poly(B; (:hi alcohol) or hydroxyethyl cellulose) (HPC) - it can be easily removed by thermal evaporation. Poly(ethylene alcohol) or HPC has the further advantage (when used with gel materials), ie it can itself be combined with a sol (by the agglomeration of the hydroxide group of the gel and those of the polymer side chain). This leads to a strong increase in the viscosity of the ink, allowing the use of a reduced concentration of the polymer. country Home Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210X 297 mm) ~ A batch of clothing „ Subscription (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed 1285910 A7 ________B7 _ V. Invention Note (The control of net rheology is also affected by the generally low particle loading required in these inks. In most printing inks, the particle concentration is large enough to produce a major contribution to ink stickiness, some of these inks In some forms, any effect of the particle on the rheological properties is negligible, and the rheological properties of the ink are those of the (mainly) toner and precursor or developer, precursor and tantalum charge. It is especially important for shielded printing inks where high particle loading assists in avoiding foaming as the ink passes through the printed screen. Without this effect, these inks require an alternative mechanism to avoid foaming during printing. One way is to combine the primary anti-foaming and/or air release agent into the ink. Manufacturers of polymers and ink additives offer a variety of materials suitable for this purpose, such as longer chain aliphatic alcohols or proprietary mineral oil type defoamers. Butyl cellulose and n-octanol can be used for poly(ethylene alcohol), while n-octanol can be used for hydroxypropyl cellulose. When used with a gel, the condensation of the poly(ethylene alcohol) or hydroxypropyl cellulose side chain with the polymer causes a slight freezing of the solution, which is very advantageous because it increases the viscosity of the polymer of a given amount. . The gel also helps to remove any blistering during mask printing. Certain polymers can also act as dispersing agents to prevent steric repulsion by preventing particles from flowing into the ink and by coating the particles. The ink optionally contains: a dispersing agent, a preservative, a hysteresis (to slow the rate at which the ink dries), and a humectant (to enhance the wetting of the ink on the substrate). The material used for printing is usually, but not necessarily, a single liquid phase. However, the particulate component can be dispersed in, for example, a mineral oil phase using a suitable surfactant, which cannot be mixed with the polymer and most of the paper scale used is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297). )) --------- Pack----;---打------ line (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) -27- Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Employees' Consumer Cooperatives Printed 1285910 A7 _B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS ($ Solvents. Our prior patents (eg, GB 2 304 989, GB 2 332 089) teach the threshold electric field of electron emission consisting of: by particles Controlled by factors such as increasing the macroscopic electric field (so-called /3 factor). Now looking at Figure 4, graphite (the best kind of particle) usually has a flaky habit, and therefore, the particle 400 is easily pulled down to the substrate. On the surface of 401, the liquid phase of the ink (not shown). Those skilled in the art will understand that the /3 factor is at its lowest level in this state. Figure 5 shows the film as the thickness of the print increases. Structure: As mentioned earlier, the insulator phase is not shown. In the case of flaky particles, a more chaotic structure is now formed, which has many factors that tend to tilt upwards and increase its correlation. The enthalpy factor can be further increased by using a selected grade of graphite, which The specific milling conditions have a high proportion of acicular particles. The two configurations have two potential drawbacks. First there are many voids 4 11, and if the insulator concentration in the ink is increased to fill it up, then the result The insulator layer above the particles may be too thick for low electric field emission. Second, with the correct amount of insulator for emission, the film may become mechanically weak or porous, making it difficult to build gates and other structures in it. On top, Figure 6 shows a method to overcome this problem. More equiaxed particles (such as carbon black 420) are selected to be sized to fill the voids and are added to the flaky particles 421. Carbon black in many cases Both are ideal because their small primary particles aggregate to form knots like bunches of grapes, and the aggregation of these particles continues to form larger clumps. Isometric The child not only increases the strength and density of the film, but it also has the tendency to support the sheet, and therefore, increases its related factor of 5. The other paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) I Clothing: Ordering (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) -28- 1285910 A7 _ _B7_ V. Invention Description (Xiong (please read the note on the back and fill in this page first) Being milled to increase the proportion of equiaxed particles, these particles will protrude above the surface regardless of their relative orientation and at the same time help support any less equiaxed particles. Our previous patent (GB 2 304 989) describes the use of a resistive choke layer between the emitting particles and the conductive substrate. Fig. 7a shows this configuration formed from a thick film as shown in Fig. 5 having a substrate 401, conductive particles 430, and an insulator 431. Conductive vias 432 and 433 are established between conductive particles 430 after a typical electrical formation phase. Channel 433 on the surface becomes the source of electron emission, while channel 432 in the layer body assists in stabilizing the emitted current. Thus the region 440 of the film is the emitter layer, as previously taught, while the region 44 1 provides a choke layer. Printed by the Consumer Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Figure 7b shows how the above mourning is extended to increase the resistance turbulence effect. In this case, resistive particles (such as tantalum carbide 450) are mixed with smaller conductive particles 45 1 (e.g., graphite), which are known to provide optimal emission when bonded to insulator layer 452. The relative size and concentration are chosen such that the smaller conductive particles do not collectively form their conductive path through the resistive layer. The smaller conductive particles form the MIMIV emitter portion 453 on the surface of the larger resistive particles. The increase in electric field at the location of the emission is increased above the enthalpy on a flat substrate, and the cold factor of the smaller conductive particles on the decorative surface is enhanced by a factor of 3 for the larger resistive particles. The electrical connection between the resistive particles 450 is due to the bleed out of the matrix provided by the insulating material 452. Thus, region 461 of the film is the emitter layer as previously taught, while region 460 provides a layer of turbulence. Of course, larger particles do not need to be resistive, but only require an increase of /3 factor. In this configuration, there are two types (for example, the paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X mm) -29- 1285910 A7 _B7___ V. Description of the invention (2Χ (please read the notes on the back first) Fill in this page) The ink of the size of the graphite particles is formulated to reduce the operating electric field of the final emitter. The properties of the smaller particles can also be carefully selected for good emission, for example, good crystallization and/or needles. The preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes at least partially coated or decorated graphite particles of amorphous sand which are doped and/or severely deficient. The so-called severe defect refers to an alumina. The strip edge is interspersed with a plurality of states that may or may not be localized, so that it extends into the band gap to assist the transport of the carrier by the jump mechanism. Doping refers to our patent GB 2 3 Doping as described in 5 3 6 3 1. However, a perfectly functional emitter can be fabricated using other insulator systems (eg, Oxide and Laponite). An example of a CHTR ink formulation using the teachings of the present invention is depicted. In order to avoid duplication, some key materials are described below. All given defects are representative rather than absolute. Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed Graphite A: is a high-purity synthetic sheet-shaped material. It has a 6.5 micron enthalpy measured using a Maivern instrument. The specific surface area measured using the BET method is 2 square meters per gram. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) methods are described by their authors. In Journal of American Chem. Society. 60, 309, 1933. Its dibutylphthalate absorption is 164 grams per loo. Graphite B: is a natural flake-shaped material with a Malveni instrument. 6.6 micron d"値. Graphite C: is a high-purity synthetic sheet-shaped material with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) using the paper scale '-- 1285910 A7 B7 economy Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printing 5, invention description (take the 4.7 micron d9 测 measured by Malvern instrument. It is measured by BET method The fixed surface area is 26 square meters per gram. Graphite D 1 : is similar to graphite A, but its raw materials and milling conditions are chosen to increase the proportion of equiaxed particles. It has a heart of 6.1 micron measured using a Malvern instrument. Graphite D2: is similar to Graphite A, but its raw materials and milling conditions were chosen to increase the ratio of acicular particles. It has a heart of 6.5 microns measured using a Malvern instrument. value. Its specific surface area measured using the BET method is 17 square meters per gram. Carbon nanotube D3: is a single and/or multi-walled carbon nanotube that is grown in a helium gas using conventional arc discharge methods. It is then honed, acid washed, and ion removed. Rinse in water. Graphite E·· is a spherically milled synthetic graphite mixed with equiaxed and flake-shaped particles having a size range of up to 8 μm. Its specific surface area measured using the BET method is 127 square meters per gram. Graphite F: is a natural material (Ceylon) having a particle size ranging from 1 to 13 microns, which has a typical enthalpy of 6 microns measured using a Ma vern instrument. The specific surface area measured by the BET method is in the range of 9 to 21 square meters per gram. Graphite G: is a flake-shaped material having a particle size ranging from 4 to 7 microns, which has a typical enthalpy of 6 microns measured using a Malvern instrument. The specific surface area measured by the BET method is 11.6 square meters per gram. Carbide: It has a 1.48 micro-determination using Malvern instrument (please read the back note before filling this page) - Packing, 1' line paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 PCT) -31 - 1285910 A7 _B7_ V. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION (Particles of d90 部 of the rice. Graphite dispersion I ·· is a water-like paste-like dispersion of graphite A. It has a pH of 5.5. Graphite dispersion J · • A pre-dispersed colloidal graphite milled with water-like beads having a solids content of 11%. 90% of the particulate phase is sub-micron and 5% or less exceeds 5 microns. Its pH 値 is greater than 10. Graphite Dispersion K: is a stable colloidal graphite suspended in mineral oil with a solid content of 20%. 95% of the particulate phase is less than 1 micron. _Hydroxypropyl cellulose L: has color exclusion The average molecular weight of 140,000 determined by the layer analysis. Hydroxypropylcellulose Μ: has an average molecular weight of 370,000 as determined by size exclusion chromatography. Poly(ethylene alcohol) Ν ·· is 8 8 % partially hydrolyzed Polyethylene alcohol 'in 4% capacity aqueous solution, at 20 C. Its viscosity is 40 mPa.s ° cerium dioxide precursor P: is a solution of chloroethyl silsesquioxane in methoxypropanol 0 (please read the back note before filling this page) - loading ·

、tT -線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -32- 1285910 A 7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（Φ 範例1 材料 重量 石墨 A 1.50 於除去離子之水中的聚 66.65 (乙烯酒精）N之15 wt %溶液 除去離子之水 10.85 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 20.00 正丁醇 1.00 石墨粉末首先被混合與聚（乙燒酒精）溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。水及溶劑之最後加入僅需充分地攪 拌。 墨水被接著置於一良好密封的容器並保持於60°C下2 小時，接著容許其冷卻並持續24小時。此最後步驟是不可 缺的，以容許凝膠與聚（乙烯酒精）間之反應的穩定，其 將導致墨水之稍微凍結。此凍結會改變墨水之流變性質而 使其得以被屏蔽印刷。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨〇><297公釐） ---------裝----：---訂------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（$1 石夕土凝膠係備製自下列彳 I料： 材料 重量 四乙正矽酸鹽 20.83 異丙醇 48.50 4 vol%之氮酸 5.57 按量配給反應物至適當的容器中，封蓋並冷卻至大約5 °C。 於一冷卻的器皿中混合四乙正矽酸鹽與異丙醇，並攪 拌以保持混合物之穩定但強力的攪動。加入氮酸，其催化 反應及密封。攪拌2小時，保持溫度低於i(TC。將混合物 轉移至一儲存器皿中並儲存於冰箱中。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 範例2 材料 重量 石墨A 7.50 於水中之氫氧丙基纖維 71.5 素L的10 wt%溶液 水的矽土凝膠 20.00 1-辛醇 1.00 石墨粉末首先被混合與氫氧丙基纖維素溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。最後卜辛醇被加入並混合。墨水被接 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） 、\Νά 丁 Μ -34 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（孪 著置於一良好密封的容器並保持於22°C且使其持續24小 時。 水的矽土凝膠被備製如下： 材料 重量 四乙正矽酸鹽 27.8 除去離子之水 72.0 濃縮的氮酸 0.2 四乙正矽酸鹽被加入水中於室溫下，並強力地攪拌，且接 著加入氮酸。攪拌的混合物被接著保持於〜48 °C —小時， 之後混合物已變爲一種淸淨無色的液體。此液體被接著轉 移至瓶子並冷藏。 範例3 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝., tT - line · Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employees consumption cooperatives printed paper size applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) -32- 1285910 A 7 B7 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employees consumption cooperatives printed five , invention description (Φ Example 1 material weight graphite A 1.50 in the ion-removed water 66.65 (ethylene alcohol) N 15 wt% solution to remove the ionized water 10.85 in isopropanol in the alumina gel 20.00 n-butanol 1.00 The graphite powder is first mixed with a poly(ethyl alcohol) solution, by means of a size suitable for its size. The gel is then added to the mixture and carefully combined. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may be It is difficult to carry out the mixing. The gel should be added one time at a time, and the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make subsequent addition easier. The final addition of water and solvent only needs to be fully stirred. The ink is then placed in a well sealed container and Hold at 60 ° C for 2 hours, then allow it to cool for 24 hours. This final step is indispensable to allow gel and poly (ethylene wine) The stability of the reaction between the two will cause a slight freezing of the ink. This freezing will change the rheological properties of the ink so that it can be shielded and printed. This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2丨〇><297 mm) --------- Pack----:---Book ------ line (please read the note on the back and fill out this page again) 1285910 A7 B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION ($1 Shixia clay gel is prepared from the following materials: material weight tetraethyl orthophosphate 20.83 isopropanol 48.50 4 vol% nitrogen acid 5.57 The reactants are dosed into appropriate containers, sealed Cover and cool to about 5 ° C. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate with isopropanol in a cooled vessel and stir to maintain a stable but strong agitation of the mixture. Nitrogen acid is added, which catalyzes the reaction and seals. 2 hours, keep the temperature below i (TC. Transfer the mixture to a storage container and store it in the refrigerator. (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page.) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed Example 2 Material weight graphite A 7.50 Hydroxypropyl fiber in water 71. 5 wtL of 10 wt% solution of water in silica gel 20.00 1-octanol 1.00 graphite powder is first mixed with hydroxypropyl cellulose solution by means of a suitable size. The gel is then added to the mixture and Carefully combined. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may make mixing difficult to perform. The gel should be added at once, and the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make subsequent additions easier. The alcohol is added and mixed. Ink is taken to the paper size applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm), \Νά Μ Μ -34 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention description (putting it in a well-sealed container and keeping it at 22 ° C And make it for 24 hours. The silica gel of water is prepared as follows: Material weight tetraethyl orthosilicate 27.8 Water to remove ions 72.0 Concentrated nitrogen acid 0.2 Tetraethyl orthosilicate is added to water at room temperature The mixture was stirred vigorously and then with nitrogen acid. The stirred mixture was then held at ~48 ° C for an hour, after which the mixture became a clean, colorless liquid which was then transferred to the bottle and refrigerated. (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) - Install.

、1T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 於另一種備製方法中，石墨可被加入以散佈之形式而 非乾粒子，且粒子尺寸之範圍藉使用混合的散佈而增加： 材料 重量 預散佈的膠狀石墨J (透過8 6.8 微米過濾器以過濾） 預散佈的石墨散佈I (透過8 6.8 微米過濾器以過濾） 醋酸 1 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 41 於1，2-丙二醇中之矽土凝膠 4.5 除去離子之水 9.69 乙二醇單丁醚 17.1 線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） -35- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（率 謹慎攪拌並過濾後的石墨散佈被混合在一起並接著加入醋 酸以調整pH値至大約3。氫氧丙基纖維素溶液及矽土凝膠 被接著加入。流動性質及黏性被調整以額外的乙二醇單丁 醚及水，而其合成物被軋輥碾磨以獲得一種良好散佈的、 調勻的材料以供屏蔽印刷。此墨水被接著置入一良好密封 的容器中並保持於22°C而持續24小時。 矽土凝膠係備製自下列材料: 材料 重量 四乙正矽酸鹽 28.05 1,2-丙二醇 20.72 4 vol%之氮酸 6.00 按量配給反應物至適當的容器中，封蓋並冷卻至大約5°C。 於一冷卻的器皿中混合四乙正矽酸鹽與 1，2-丙二醇， 並攪拌以保持混合物之穩定但強力的攪動。加入氮酸，其 催化反應及密封。攬拌2小時，保持溫度低於1 〇°C。將混 合物轉移至一儲存器皿中並儲存於冰箱中。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -5T» 丁 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製如下： 材料 量 氫氧丙基纖維素L 30 g 乙醇 5 4 ml 1，2-丙二醇 180 ml 除去離子之水 126 ml 溶劑被置入一安裝有加熱器及冷凝器之攪拌的反應燒瓶 中。溶劑混合被強力地攪拌於室溫下，且慢慢地加入聚合 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -36 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 A7 B7 _ 五、發明説明（ 物以確保粉末被散佈於液體中。燒瓶被接著加熱並持續攪 拌至80°C，於此溫度下攪拌1 5分鐘並接著冷卻至室溫。溶 液應爲淸澈且爲均句黏性的。 範例4 材料 重量 預散佈的膠狀石墨J (透過8 20 微米過濾器以過濾） 預散佈的石墨散佈I (透過8 7.6 微米過濾器以過濾） 醋酸 1.0 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 31 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 7.37 乙二醇單丁醚 3.0 過濾後的石墨散佈被混合在一起並接著加入醋酸以調整pH 値至大約3。氫氧丙基纖維素溶液及矽土凝膠被接著加入。 流動性質及黏性被調整以額外的乙二醇單丁醚及水，而其 合成物被軋f昆碾磨以獲得一種良好散佈的、調勻的材料以 供屏蔽印刷。此墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保 持於22°C而持續24小時。 矽土凝膠係備製以如範例1中所述之相同方式。氫_ 丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同方式。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 111— 抑衣 Ί — I訂 ! 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1285910 A 7 B7 五、發明説明（卒 範例5 材料 重量 石墨 A 1.3 於1,2-丙二醇中之矽土凝膠 4.55 1，2-丙二醇 24.37 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 32 異丙醇 11.73 除去離子之水 9.5 乙二醇單丁醚 17.36 石墨及矽土凝膠被混合並加入丙烷-1，2-醇。墨水係使用超 音波攪動而被混合至一種均勻的糊狀物。聚合物及剩餘的 溶劑被接著加入，在三重軋輥碾磨墨水數次之前以確保均 勻度。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於22°C 而持續24小時。 矽土凝膠係備製以如範例3中所述之相同方式。氫氧 丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同方式。 n^衣— 1 —Ί ϋ ^ 11 111 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中周國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） -38- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 A7 ______B7 五、發明説明（李 範例6 材料 重量 石墨 A 2.39 於除去離子之水中的 7.5 5 w t % L a ρ ο n i t e 溶液 1，2-丙二醇 15 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 19 乙二醇單丁醚 12 石墨及Laponite溶液被混合與1，2-丙二醇，藉助於超音波 攪動。氫氧丙基纖維素溶液及乙二醇單丁醚被攪拌入，而 材料透過三重軋輥碾磨數次以獲得均勻的濃度。墨水被接 著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於22°C而持續24小時。 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同 方式。然而，於此範例中，所使用之氫氧丙基纖維素爲 22.5 g。1T Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative is printed in another preparation method. Graphite can be added in the form of dispersion instead of dry particles, and the particle size range is increased by using the mixed dispersion: Material weight pre-dispersion Colloidal graphite J (filtered through an 8 6.8 micron filter) Pre-dispersed graphite dispersion I (filtered through an 8 6.8 micron filter) Acetic acid 1 hydroxypropyl cellulose solution 41 in 1,2-propanediol Earth gel 4.5 Ionized water 9.69 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 17.1 Line paper scale applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210X297 mm) -35- 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention description (rate caution mixing and filtering The subsequent graphite dispersions were mixed together and then acetic acid was added to adjust the pH to about 3. The hydroxypropyl cellulose solution and the alumina gel were added. The flow properties and viscosity were adjusted with additional ethylene glycol. Butyl ether and water, and the composition is milled by a roll to obtain a well-dispersed, evenly sized material for shield printing. This ink is then placed in a well-sealed The mixture was kept at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The alumina gel was prepared from the following materials: Material weight tetraethyl orthosilicate 28.05 1,2-propanediol 20.72 4 vol% nitrogen acid 6.00 Place in a suitable container, cap and cool to about 5 ° C. Mix tetraethyl orthosilicate and 1,2-propanediol in a cooled vessel and stir to maintain a stable but strong agitation of the mixture. Nitric acid, which catalyzes the reaction and seals. Mix for 2 hours and keep the temperature below 1 ° C. Transfer the mixture to a storage container and store in the refrigerator. (Please read the back note and fill out this page) -5T» Ding Economics Department Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives Printed Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solution Prepared as follows: Material Quantity Hydroxypropyl Cellulose L 30 g Ethanol 5 4 ml 1,2-Propanediol 180 ml Removal of ions 126 ml of water is placed in a stirred reaction flask equipped with a heater and a condenser. The solvent mixture is vigorously stirred at room temperature and slowly added to the polymer paper scale for the Chinese National Standard (CNS). A4 specification 210X297 mm) -36 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed 1285910 A7 B7 _ V. Invention Description (To ensure that the powder is dispersed in the liquid. The flask is then heated and continuously stirred to 80 ° C, at this temperature Stir for 15 minutes and then cool to room temperature. The solution should be clear and uniform. Example 4 Material weight pre-dispersed colloidal graphite J (filtered through 8 20 micron filter) Pre-dispersed graphite Dispersion I (filtered through an 8 7.6 micron filter) Acetic acid 1.0 Hydroxypropyl cellulose solution 31 Silica gel in isopropanol 7.37 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 3.0 Filtered graphite dispersion is mixed together and Acetic acid is then added to adjust the pH to about 3. Hydroxypropyl cellulose solution and alumina gel were added. The flow properties and viscosity are adjusted with additional ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and water, and the composition is milled to obtain a well-dispersed, homogenized material for shield printing. This ink was then placed in a well sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The alumina gel system was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. The hydrogen-propylcellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 111- Suppressing Ί - I order! Line (please read the back note first and then fill in this page) 1285910 A 7 B7 V. Invention Description Example 5 Material Weight Graphite A 1.3 Silica Gel in 1,2-Propanediol 4.55 1,2-Propanediol 24.37 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solution 32 Isopropyl Alcohol 11.73 Ion Removal Water 9.5 Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 17.36 The graphite and alumina gels are mixed and propane-1,2-alcohol is added. The ink is mixed with a supersonic agitation to a uniform paste. The polymer and the remaining solvent are then added and milled in a triple roll. The ink was applied several times to ensure uniformity. The ink was then placed in a well sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The alumina gel was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. Hydrogen The oxypropyl cellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. n^衣—1 —Ί ϋ ^ 11 111 (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page.) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office staff Consumer cooperative printing Zhang scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297 mm) -38- Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed 1285910 A7 ______B7 V. Invention description (Li Example 6 Material weight graphite A 2.39 in the removal of ions 7.5 5 wt % L a ρ ο nite solution in water 1,2-propanediol 15 hydroxypropyl cellulose solution 19 ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 12 graphite and Laponite solution were mixed with 1,2-propanediol by means of ultrasonic Stirring. The hydroxypropylcellulose solution and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether were stirred in, and the material was milled through a triple roll several times to obtain a uniform concentration. The ink was then placed in a well-sealed container and held at 22 The reaction was continued for 24 hours. The hydroxypropylcellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. However, in this example, the hydroxypropylcellulose used was 22.5 g.

Laponite係一種市面上、合成的、黏土礦物，由下列公 司所供應：Laponite is a commercially available, synthetic, clay mineral supplied by the following companies:

Laporte Industries Ltd.Laporte Industries Ltd.

Moorfield Road W i d n e sMoorfield Road W i d n e s

Cheshire WA8 OJU 英國 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） 批衣 ； 訂 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -39- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（部 範例7 材料 重量 石墨 G 3.00 於除去離子之水中的聚（乙烯 10.00 酒精）N之15 wt%溶液 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 5.00 1，2-丙二醇 2.00 1-辛醇 0.20 石墨粉末首先被混合與聚（乙烯酒精）溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。水及溶劑之最後加入僅需充分地攬 拌。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於22°C而 持續24小時。 聚（乙烯酒精）溶液及矽土凝膠均備製以如範例1中 所述之相同方式。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 批衣 ： 訂 線Cheshire WA8 OJU UK This paper scale applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297 mm). Approved; Order (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) -39- 1285910 A7 B7 V. Inventions (Part Example 7 Material Weight Graphite G 3.00 Poly(ethylene 10.00 Alcohol) in the ion-removed water N 15 wt% solution in isopropyl alcohol in alumina gel 5.00 1,2-propanediol 2.00 1-octanol 0.20 Graphite powder First It is mixed with a poly(ethylene alcohol) solution by means of a size suitable for its size. The gel is then added to the mixture and carefully bonded. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may make mixing difficult to perform. The gel should be added a little at a time, and the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make subsequent additions easier. The final addition of water and solvent only needs to be fully mixed. The ink is then placed in a well-sealed container and kept in place. 22 ° C for 24 hours. Poly (ethylene alcohol) solution and alumina gel were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. (Please read the precautions on the back) Fill in this page) Finish: Ordering

經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇><297公釐） -40- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（苹 範例8 材料 重量 石墨F 3.00 於除去離子之水中的聚（乙 10.00 烯酒精）N之15 wt%溶液 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 5.00 1，2-丙二醇 2.00 1-辛醇 0.20 石墨粉末首先被混合與聚（乙烯酒精）溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。水及溶劑之最後加入僅需充分地攪 拌。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於22°C而 持續24小時。 聚（乙烯酒精）溶液及矽土凝膠溶液均備製以如範例1 中所述之相同方式。 裝 ^ 訂 線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -41 - 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（Φ 範例9 材料 重量 石墨E 0.9 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 19.23 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 7.5 除去離子之水 4.93 1，2 -丙二醇 13.13 異丙醇 4.32 石墨粉末首先被混合與氫氧丙基纖維素溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。水及溶劑之最後加入僅需充分地攪 拌。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於22°C而 持續24小時。 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同 方式。矽土凝膠溶液係備製以如範例1中所述之相同方 式0 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -42- 1285910 A 7 B7Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Bureau, Staff and Consumer Cooperatives, Printed Paper Scale Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (21〇><297 mm) -40- 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (Apple Example 8 Material Weight Graphite F 3.00 Poly (B 10.00 olefinic alcohol) N in 15% by weight solution in ionic water. Silica gel in isopropanol 5.00 1,2-propanediol 2.00 1-octanol 0.20 Graphite powder was first mixed with A poly(ethylene alcohol) solution, by means of a size suitable for its size. The gel is then added to the mixture and carefully bonded. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may make mixing difficult to perform. One point should be added at a time, and the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make subsequent additions easier. The final addition of water and solvent requires only sufficient agitation. The ink is then placed in a well sealed container and held at 22 °C. Continue for 24 hours. The poly(ethylene alcohol) solution and the alumina gel solution are prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. Loading the wire (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Employees Consumption Cooperatives Printed on this paper scale Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210X297 mm) -41 - 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (Φ Example 9 Material Weight Graphite E 0.9 Hydroxyloxypropyl Cellulose solution 19.23 Silica gel in isopropanol 7.5 Water for removal of ions 4.93 1,2-propanediol 13.13 Isopropanol 4.32 Graphite powder is first mixed with a solution of hydroxypropylcellulose, suitable for its size The gel is then added to the mixture and carefully combined. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may make mixing difficult to perform. The gel should be added one at a time, and the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make it Subsequent additions are easier. The final addition of water and solvent requires only sufficient agitation. The ink is then placed in a well-sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. Hydroxypropyl cellulose solution is prepared. The same procedure as described in Example 3 was carried out. The alumina gel solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 (please read the notes on the back and refill This page) book - the line Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office employees consumer cooperatives printed in this paper scale applicable Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) -42- 1285910 A 7 B7

五、發明説明（P 範例10 材料 重量 石墨B 0.75 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 17.95 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 5.00 除去離子之水 5.50 1，2-丙二醇 14.04 異丙醇 6.76 丁基乙二醇一*** 10.00 ---------批衣II (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 石墨粉末首先被混合與氫氧丙基纖維素溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與.凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。水及溶劑之最後加入僅需充分地攪 拌。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於22°C而 持續24小時。 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同 方式。矽土凝膠溶液係備製以如範例1中所述之相同方 式。 訂 線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -43 - 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 範例11 材料 重量 石墨D1或石墨D2 0.75 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 17.95 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 5.00 除去離子之水 5.50 1，2-丙二醇 14.04 異丙醇 6.76 丁基乙二醇一*** 10.00 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 石墨粉末首先被混合與氫氧丙基纖維素溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。水及溶劑之最後加入僅需充分地攪 拌。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於22°C而 持續24小時。 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同 方式。矽土凝膠溶液係備製以如範例1中所述之相同方 式。 、\吞 丁 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -44 - 1285910 A7 _____B7 五、發明説明（伞 範例12 一種適當配方之範例如下 材料 重量 石墨A 1.50 於1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中之氫氧 丙基纖維素Μ的4wt%溶液 88.50 二氧化矽先質P 10.00 石墨粉末首先被混合與氫氧丙基纖維素溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。二氧化矽先質P被接著加入混合物並謹慎地 結合。介於聚合物溶液與先質p凝膠間之黏性的大差異可 ㊆使得混合難以執行。先質應一次加入一點，混合物之降 低的黏性會使得後續的加入較爲容易。先質之最後加入僅 需充分地攪拌。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保 持於22°C而持續24小時。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝_ 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 範例13 材料 重量 石墨C 1.00 於1，2-丙二醇中之氫氧丙基 纖維素溶液 43.67 於1，2-丙二醇中之矽土凝膠 5.33 線 石墨粉末首先被混合與氫氧丙基纖維素溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 一 " -- -45 - 1285910 A7 __ B7 五、發明説明（夺 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 續的加入較爲容易。水及溶劑之最後加入僅需充分地攪 拌。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於2 2 °C而 持續24小時。 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同 方式而加熱其溫度。然而，於此範例中，其含有： ---------辦衣----Ί--1T------^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 於一器皿中混合四乙正矽酸鹽與1，2-丙二醇，並攪拌以維 持混合物之穩定但強力的攪動。加入酸化的水，其催化反 應及密封。攪拌2.5小時，保持溫度於2(TC。將混合物轉 移至一儲存器皿中並儲存於冰箱中。 範例14 印刷用之材料通常（但非必要）爲一種單一液體相。 於下列範例中，石墨係供應以一種礦物油相，其無法混合 材料 重量 氫氧丙基纖維素L 36.0 1，2-丙二醇 364.0 矽土凝膠係備製自下列材料 材料 重量 四乙正砂酸鹽 74 1，2-丙二醇 108 使用氮酸以酸化至PH1 之除去離子的水 18 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇><297公釐） -46- 1285910 A7 _B7____五、發明説明（命 與聚合物溶液及所使用之大多數溶劑。然而，石墨之油腻 相可藉由表面活性劑而被穩定： _ 材料 重量 於礦物油中之石墨散佈K 2.5 聚乙二醇單（4-(1，1，3,3-四甲基丁基） 1 苯基）醚 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 42.8 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 3 1，2-丙二醇 5 二甲苯 1.5 甲氧基丙醇 1.5 辛醇 1 礦物油中之石墨被混合與聚乙二醇單（4-(1，1，3,3-四甲基丁基） 苯基）醚表面活性劑及剩餘的成分。石墨係爲少量的、礦物 油相，且在印刷後被分佈於非常局部的面積。 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同 方式。然而，使用22.5 g之氫氧丙基纖維素。矽土凝膠係 備製以如範例1中所述之相同方式。 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -47- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（Φ 範例15 材料 重量 石墨 A 1.5 10 cps黏性之矽氧烷油 0.1 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 29 乙二醇單丁醚 15 1,2-丙二醇 10 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 2 石墨、砂氧院油被混合至一種均勻的糊狀物。溶劑被接著 加入，且最後矽土凝膠被混入，在三重軋輥碾磨之前。墨 水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持於2 2 °C而持續2 4 小時。氫氧丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相 同方式。砂土凝膠係備製以如範例1中所述之相同方式。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 範例16 材料 重量 石墨A 7.50 於水中之氫氧丙基纖維 71.5 素L的10 wt%溶液 水的氧化鋁凝膠 20.00 1-辛醇 1.00 石墨粉末首先被混合與氫氧丙基纖維素溶液，藉由適於其 尺寸之方式。凝膠被接著加入混合物並謹慎地結合。介於 聚合物溶液與凝膠間之黏性的大差異可能使得混合難以執 行。凝膠應一次加入一點，混合物之降低的黏性會使得後 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS〉A4規格（210X297公釐） 裝 ； 訂 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -48- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（Φ 續的加入較爲容易。最後1-辛醇被加入並混合。墨水被接 著置於一良好密封的容器並保持於22°C且使其持續24小 時0 水的氧化鋁凝膠被備製$ 口下： 材料 量 $呂 tri-sec-butoxide 17.2 g 除去離子之水 12 6 ml 濃縮的氮酸 0.31 ml 鋁tri-sec-butoxide被水解在水中於75t：下，並強力地攪伴 20分鐘。溶液被接著加熱這85°C並加入氮酸。混合物被接 著持續於此升高的溫度下攪拌約20小時，之後混合物已變 爲一種淸澈無色的液體。此液體被接著轉移至瓶子並冷 藏0 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 範例17 材料 重量 預散佈的膠狀石墨J (透過8 14.7 微米過濾器以過濾） 碳化矽Η 0.45 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 30 於異丙醇中之矽土凝膠 5.5 1，2 -丙二醇 4.8 乙二醇單丁醚 6.4 過濾後的石墨預散佈、碳化矽與矽土凝膠被混合、酸化及 溫和地加熱於65-70°C直到凝結發生。氫氧丙基纖維素及溶 本紙張尺度適用中.國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 辦衣 „ 訂 線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 49- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（命 劑被加入，且混合物被三重軋輥碾磨直到均勻的濃度。墨 水被接著置於一良好密封的容器並保持於22°C且使其持續 24小時。 矽土凝膠係備製以如範例1中所述之相同方式。氫氧 丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同方式。 範例18 材料 重量 石墨 A 2.27 於除去離子之水中的2 wt % 18.75 L a ρ ο n i t e 溶液 醋酸 1 於propan2〇1 (二丙醇）中之 1.25 14 wt%矽土凝膠 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 24 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -5'口V. INSTRUCTIONS (P Example 10 Material Weight Graphite B 0.75 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solution 17.95 Silica Gel in Isopropyl Alcohol 5.00 Water for Removal of Ion 5.50 1,2-Propanediol 14.04 Isopropyl Alcohol 6.76 Butyl B Glycol Monoethyl Ether 10.00 ---------Applied II (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives Printed graphite powder is first mixed with hydroxypropyl The cellulose solution, by means of a size suitable for its size, the gel is then added to the mixture and carefully bonded. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may make mixing difficult to perform. Adding a little, the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make subsequent additions easier. The final addition of water and solvent requires only sufficient agitation. The ink is then placed in a well-sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The hydroxypropyl cellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. The alumina gel solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. Setting the line National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210X 297 mm) -43 - 1285910 A7 B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (Example 11 Material Weight Graphite D1 or Graphite D2 0.75 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solution 17.95 After Isopropanol Earth gel 5.00 ionic water removal 5.50 1,2-propanediol 14.04 isopropyl alcohol 6.76 butyl glycol monoethyl ether 10.00 (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The graphite powder is first mixed with a solution of hydroxypropylcellulose, by means of a size suitable for its size. The gel is then added to the mixture and carefully combined. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may be It is difficult to carry out the mixing. The gel should be added at one time, and the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make subsequent addition easier. The final addition of water and solvent only needs to be fully stirred. The ink is then placed in a well-sealed container. And maintained at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The hydroxypropyl cellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. The alumina gel solution was prepared as The same method as described in Example 1. The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -44 - 1285910 A7 _____B7 V. Invention Description (Umbrella Example 12 An example of a suitable formula is as follows Material weight Graphite A 1.50 4% by weight solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose oxime in 1-methoxy-2-propanol 88.50 cerium oxide precursor P 10.00 Graphite powder first mixed with hydroxypropyl cellulose solution By means of its size. The ceria precursor P is then added to the mixture and carefully combined. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the precursor p-gel can make mixing difficult to perform. The precursor should be added one at a time, and the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make subsequent additions easier. The final addition of the precursor is only required to be fully stirred. The ink was then placed in a well sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Silica gel in 1,2-propanediol 5.33 Line graphite powder was first mixed with a solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose by means of a size suitable for its size. The gel was then added to the mixture and carefully combined. The large difference in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may make the mixing difficult to apply to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). One" -- -45 - 1285910 A7 __ B7 V. Invention Description (The gel should be added once, the reduced viscosity of the mixture will make the subsequent addition easier. The final addition of water and solvent only needs to be fully stirred. The ink is then placed in a good seal. The container was maintained at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The hydroxypropyl cellulose solution was prepared to heat its temperature in the same manner as described in Example 3. However, in this example, it contained: ---------Clothing----Ί--1T------^ (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed on Tetraethyl orthosilicate and 1,2-propanediol were mixed in a vessel and stirred to maintain a stable but strong agitation of the mixture. Acidified water was added, which catalyzed the reaction and sealed. Stirring for 2.5 hours, maintaining the temperature at 2 (TC) Transfer the mixture to a storage vessel and store it in ice Example 14 The material used for printing is usually (but not necessarily) a single liquid phase. In the following examples, graphite is supplied as a mineral oil phase, which cannot be mixed with the weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose L 36.0 1,2 - Propylene glycol 364.0 Alumina gel system prepared from the following materials: Material weight Tetraethyl orthosilicate 74 1,2-propanediol 108 Acid-depleted water acidified to pH 1 using nitrogen acid 18 This paper scale applies to Chinese national standards (CNS A4 size (21〇><297 mm) -46- 1285910 A7 _B7____ V. Description of the invention (life with polymer solution and most of the solvents used. However, the greasy phase of graphite can be surface active Stabilized by the agent: _ Material weight in the mineral oil in the graphite dispersion K 2.5 polyethylene glycol mono (4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) 1 phenyl) ether hydroxy propyl fiber Solution 42.8 Silica gel in isopropanol 3 1,2-propanediol 5 xylene 1.5 methoxypropanol 1.5 Octanol 1 Graphite in mineral oil is mixed with polyethylene glycol single (4-(1) ,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)ether surfactant And the remaining components. Graphite is a small amount, mineral oil phase, and is distributed over a very local area after printing. The hydroxypropyl cellulose solution is prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. However, 22.5 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose was used. The alumina gel system was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. Line (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office staff consumption Co-operatives printed on this paper scale applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -47-1285910 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (Φ Example 15 Material weight Graphite A 1.5 10 cps Viscosity of decane oil 0.1 Hydrogen Oxypropylcellulose solution 29 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 15 1,2-Propanediol 10 Silica gel in isopropanol 2 Graphite, sand oxide oil is mixed into a homogeneous paste. The solvent is then added and finally the alumina gel is mixed in before the triple roll is milled. The ink was then placed in a well sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The hydroxypropylcellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. The sand gel system was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed Example 16 Material Weight Graphite A 7.50 Hydroxyl Propyl Fiber in Water 71.5 Element L 10 wt% Solution Water Alumina Gel 20.00 1- Octanol 1.00 Graphite Powder First Mixed With a solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose, by means of a size suitable for its size. The gel was then added to the mixture and carefully combined. Large differences in viscosity between the polymer solution and the gel may make mixing difficult to perform. The gel should be added at one time. The reduced viscosity of the mixture will make the paper size applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS>A4 specification (210X297 mm); ordering (please read the back note first and then fill out this page) -48- 1285910 A7 B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (Φ Continued addition is easier. Finally 1-octanol is added and mixed. The ink is then placed in a well-sealed container and kept at 22 ° C and allowed to continue 24 An hourly 0 water alumina gel is prepared under the mouth: material amount $lu tri-sec-butoxide 17.2 g deionized water 12 6 ml concentrated nitric acid 0.31 ml aluminum tri-sec-butoxide is hydrolyzed in water 75t: under, and vigorously stirred for 20 minutes. The solution is then heated to 85 ° C and nitrogen acid is added. The mixture is then stirred at this elevated temperature for about 20 hours, after which the mixture has become a clear colorless Liquid. This liquid is then transferred to the bottle and refrigerated. 0 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Office Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed Sample 17 Material Weight Pre-dispersed Colloidal Graphite J (filtered through 8 14.7 micron filter) Tantalum carbide 0.45 0.45 hydroxypropyl cellulose solution 30 in alumina gel in isopropanol 5.5 1,2-propanediol 4.8 ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 6.4 filtered graphite pre-dispersed, tantalum carbide and alumina gel mixed Acidification and mild heating at 65-70 ° C until coagulation occurs. Hydroxyl propyl cellulose and paper size apply. National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X 297 mm) clothing „ order line ( Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page.) 49- 1285910 A7 B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (The agent is added and the mixture is milled by a triple roll until a uniform concentration. The ink is then placed in a well-sealed container and It was kept at 22 ° C and allowed to continue for 24 hours. The alumina gel was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. The hydroxypropyl cellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. Example 18 Material Weight Graphite A 2.27 2 wt % in water for removal of ions 18.75 L a ρ ο nite Solution Acetic acid 1 1.25 14 wt% alumina gel hydroxypropyl propyl fiber in propan 2 〇 1 (dipropanol) Solution 24 (please read the back) Please fill in this page again) -5' mouth

T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 石墨粒子與Laponite溶液被混合、酸化並加熱至1〇〇度5 分鐘。矽土凝膠及氫氧丙基纖維素接著被加入，且其混合 物通過一種三重軋輥碾磨。墨水被接著置於一良好密封的 容器並保持於22°C且使其持續24小時。 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液及矽土凝膠係備製以如範例3中 所述之相同方式。然而，於此範例中，2 2.5 g之氫氧丙基纖 維素被使用於聚合物溶液。Laponite可得自如範例6中所提 及之Laporte Industries公司住址〇 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（夺 範例19 材料 重量 碳毫微管D3 2.5 於1，2-丙二醇中之矽土凝膠 1 1，2-丙二醇 42.8 氫氧丙基纖維素溶液 3 異丙醇 5 除去離子之水 1.5 乙二醇單丁醚 1.5 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 碳毫微管與矽土凝膠被混合且1，2-丙二醇被加入。墨水係 使用超音波攪動而被混合至一種均勻的糊狀物。聚合物及 剩餘的溶劑被接著加入，在三重軋輥碾磨墨水數次之前以 確保均勻度。墨水被接著置入一良好密封的容器中並保持 於22°C而持續24小時。 矽土凝膠係備製以如範例3中所述之相同方式。氫氧 丙基纖維素溶液係備製以如範例3中所述之相同方式。 除了碳以外之材料的毫微管可被使用於替代的配方。 墨水亦可使用下列機能材料之組合而備製。 增稠劑：乙基纖維素、氫氧乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維 素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、氫氧丙基纖維素、黃原膠 (xanthan gum)、及瓜爾豆膠（guar gum)。 抗起泡劑：水基墨水之有機聚合物及有機複合物的乳 膠（例如，EFKA-2526，EFKA-2527 ) •，烷基苯中之無矽氧 烷的除泡沬物質（例如，EFKA-2720 )。 辦衣 „ 訂 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 A7 -_____B7五、發明説明（夺 平坦劑：水及非水墨水的次丁醇中之碳氟化物更改的 聚丙烯酸酯（例如，已？5人-3772 );於異丁醇中之有機更改 的聚矽氧烷（例如，EFKA-3030 );及非溶解更改的聚矽氧 烷（例如，EFKA-3580 )。 濕潤劑：二甲苯、正辛醇及單丙二醇中之未飽和聚醯 胺及酸酯鹽（例如，EFKA·5044 );及水中之高分子重量殘 酸的烷醇銨鹽之陰離子濕潤劑（例如，EFKA-507 1 )。 防腐劑：酚、甲醛。 空氣釋放劑··矽土粒子、矽氧烷。 遲縮劑：1,2-丙二醇、香油腦。 散佈劑：於丁基醋酸鹽、甲氧基丙基醋酸鹽及次丁醇 中之更改的聚氨基鉀酸酯（例如，EFKA-4009 );於甲氧基 丙醇中之更改的聚丙烯酸酯（例如，EFKA-4530 );聚乙二 醇單（4-(1,1，3,3-四甲基丁基）苯基）醚。 甲基氫氧丙烷纖維素及其他較低濃度之增稠劑亦可達 成此功效。事實上，許多添加物均可具有多重功效。 EFKA產品可購得自： EFKA Additives bv I η η o v a t i e 1 a a η 11 8466 SN Nijehaske 荷蘭 因爲印刷性質並非由低濃度的粒子所控制，所以其可 I 裝 ： 訂 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -52- 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（Φ 被整個移除以留下供（例如）場發射裝置之閘絕緣體印刷 用的CHTR墨水。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 上述CHTR墨水均具有適於屏蔽印刷之流變性質。其 典型的流變性質係由圖1 3b中之範例流動曲線所顯示。流 變測量係使用一種利用圓錐及平板幾何形狀之Bohlin CV 1 20流性計來執行。圖1 3b顯示一種該儀器上所測得之傳統 專賣高分解度厚膜印刷糊狀物的明顯不同流變性質。 對於顯示工程，陰極軌跡通常被屏蔽印刷至適當導電 膜上，諸如印刷黃金至玻璃基底上。該等膜可藉由真空蒸 發、濺射或直接屏蔽印刷而被澱積，其係利用所謂的樹脂 酸鹽或亮金墨水一參見本案申請人之專利GB 2 330 687。該 印刷一般係使用一種具有約13微米厚乳膠層之400篩孔的 不銹鋼屏蔽來執行。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在基底被印刷後，其被轉移至加熱板於下列條件之 下：a ) 10分鐘於50°C -加熱板之測得的表面溫度，b ) 10 分鐘於120°C -加熱板之測得的表面溫度。基底被接著依據 下列情況而被轉移至一烤箱（空氣氣壓）：周圍至450°C於 10 °C /分、等溫線於450 °C 120分鐘、接著自然地冷卻至室 溫。 二次硬化（post-cure)處理（諸如溫和的超音波淸潔或 半乾軋輥）可被使用以移除鬆散的離子。 圖14a，其中發射器補片爲亮的部分且尺寸1400爲500 微米，顯示其使用此處所述之墨水所印刷的模擬像素補片 之範例。圖14b，其中發射器補片爲亮的部分且尺寸1401 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐) ~ "" 1285910 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（动 爲〜300微米而尺寸1402及1403爲〜60微米，顯示供（例 如）一彩色像素三元組之精細特徵印刷的範例。 完成後膜之平坦度是一項重要參數，因爲其影響後續 結構（諸如閘）可被建立於發射器層之上的難易。此處所 述之墨水的最佳範例產生其具有一平均粗糙度〜1 4 0 n m之層 (其具有均方根値〜7 0 n m )，當使用一種B u r 1 e i g h Η 〇 r i ζ ο η 非接觸光學輪廓測定器（其係使用x 1 0之Mirau物鏡）所測 量時。 於圖1 5a及1 5b中，我們看出印刷及發射性質可如何藉 由控制基底之性而被調整。圖15a顯示一基底1501，其具 有多孔層1 502，於此層上爲一具有導電粒子1 504之剛印刷 的CHTR發射器墨水層1 503。申請人發現其最佳的發射係 獲得於當粒子上之絕緣體膜爲數十毫微米之一時。於自然 乾燥期間，表面張力使得粒子之凸狀上區域上的絕緣體先 質層變薄，其導致理想的變薄程序。然而，有一折衷點介 於此自然變薄程序與膜乾燥（於某一刻）達到厚度不足之 間。現在參考圖1 5b，可看出此有利的變薄程序如何可藉由 印刷墨水層底下之多孔層1 502而被加速，此層係離開墨水 之某些液體成分1 505在其乾燥前。我們發現到使用此方式 可減少發射臨限場〜1.5 V/微米。 多孔層1 502可被有利地調配以具有阻抗性質並當作一 鎭流器層之額外功能。 使用前述範例之一以形成屏蔽印刷及熱硬化冷陰極層 之基礎，則圖9a (其中尺寸900爲1 1.2 mm )顯示其使用一 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 丁 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -54 - 1285910 A7 B7 五、發明説明（孪 發射影像所測得之性能。冷陰極被配置爲1平方公分之圓 形碟片於一黃金塗敷之硼矽酸鹽玻璃載片上’安裝爲0.25 mm距離一氧化錫塗敷的玻璃陽極，於一真空系統中。供應 至二極體之電壓係於電腦控制下而改變，以一 CCD相機觀 看其氧化錫塗敷陽極上之電子碰撞感應的發光。整體部位 密度係由所使用之裝置的1 mA電流限制所限制。因此’影 像需顯示其具有發射之最低臨限電場的部位’以指示此本 質之部位的均勻度。爲了淸楚觀看並協助再生’圖9a中之 視圖被顯示以相反視頻-亦即，原始光點相對於暗色背景被 顯示於圖形中，如暗點相對於一光亮背景。 圖9b顯示如上之相同樣本的電壓-電流特性，其係使用 記錄圖9a中之影像的相同設備來測量。其顯示一傳遞10 微安培以上電流之低於10V/微米的具觀電場。 圖11顯示另一範例之另一發射影像（再次爲相反視 頻）。此具有一極高的部位密度於碟片之一部分中，整體 發射區再次由1 mA之設備限制所限制。尺寸1101爲〜 3mm，而使用影像分析軟體所決定之部位密度爲〜27000 cm'2 ° 圖1 〇a係使用先前範例之一所配製之樣本上的四十九 個分離測試區之臨限電場的頻率統計圖。其資料之獲得係 使用一種3 50微米直徑之探針以掃瞄電腦控制真空測試系 統中之樣本的表面上之50微米。此探針測試提供一由350 微米直徑探針所界定之區域中的臨限電場之統計分佈。圖 1 〇b爲使用一種3 5微米直徑之探針以掃瞄相同測試系統中 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝----Ί--訂------線T Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed Graphite particles and Laponite solution were mixed, acidified and heated to 1 degree for 5 minutes. A silica gel and hydroxypropylcellulose were then added and the mixture was milled through a triple roll. The ink was then placed in a well sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The hydroxypropylcellulose solution and the alumina gel system were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. However, in this example, 2 2.5 g of hydroxypropylcellulose was used in the polymer solution. Laponite can be obtained from the address of Laporte Industries mentioned in Example 6. The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 1285910 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (Example 19 Material Weight Carbon Nanotube D3 2.5 Silica gel in 1,2-propanediol 1, 1,2-propanediol 42.8 Hydroxypropyl cellulose solution 3 Isopropanol 5 Deionized water 1.5 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 1.5 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau The employee consumption cooperative printed carbon nanotubes were mixed with alumina gel and 1,2-propanediol was added. The ink was mixed by ultrasonic agitation to a uniform paste. The polymer and the remaining solvent were followed. Adding, before the ink is milled several times in the triple roll to ensure uniformity. The ink is then placed in a well sealed container and held at 22 ° C for 24 hours. The alumina gel system is prepared as in Example 3. In the same manner, the hydroxypropyl cellulose solution was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 3. The nanotubes of the material other than carbon can be used in an alternative formulation. Prepared by a combination of the following functional materials. Thickener: ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, xanthan gum (xanthan gum), and guar gum. Anti-foaming agent: organic polymer of water-based ink and latex of organic compound (for example, EFKA-2526, EFKA-2527) •, alkylbenzene Deodorant-free substance (for example, EFKA-2720). Clothing „ ordering (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed 1285910 A7 -_____B7 V. Invention Description (flattening agent: fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate in water and non-aqueous inks of hypobutanol (for example, Already? 5 persons - 3772); organically modified polyoxyalkylene in isobutanol (for example, EFKA-3030); and non-dissolved modified polyoxyalkylene (for example, EFKA-3580). Wetting agent: two Unsaturated polyamines and acid ester salts in toluene, n-octanol and monopropylene glycol (eg EFKA·5044); and anionic wetting agent for high molecular weight residual acid alkanolammonium salt in water (for example, EFKA-507 1 ). Preservative: phenol, formaldehyde. Air release agent · 矽 粒子 particles, 矽 矽Delaying agent: 1,2-propanediol, sesame oil brain. Dispersing agent: modified polyamino potassium carbonate in butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate and hypobutanol (for example, EFKA-4009) Modified polyacrylate (eg, EFKA-4530) in methoxypropanol; polyethylene glycol mono(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)ether. Methyl hydroxypropane cellulose and other lower concentrations of thickeners can also achieve this effect. In fact, many additives can have multiple effects. EFKA products are available from: EFKA Additives bv I η η ovatie 1 aa η 11 8466 SN Nijehaske The Netherlands because the printing properties are not controlled by low concentrations of particles, so it can be installed: ordering (please read the notes on the back) Fill in this page again) This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -52- 1285910 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (Φ is removed entirely to leave for, for example, field emission devices CHTR ink for gate insulator printing (Please read the back note first and then fill out this page) The above CHTR inks have rheological properties suitable for shield printing. The typical rheological properties are flowed by the example in Figure 13b. The curve shows that the rheological measurement is performed using a Bohlin CV 1 20 flowmeter using cone and plate geometry. Figure 13b shows a conventional monolithic high resolution thick film printing paste measured on the instrument. Significantly different rheological properties. For display engineering, the cathode track is typically shield printed onto a suitable conductive film, such as printing gold onto a glass substrate. Free evaporation, sputtering or direct shielding printing is carried out using so-called resinate or bright gold ink. See the applicant's patent GB 2 330 687. The printing generally uses a latex having a thickness of about 13 microns. The layer of 400 mesh stainless steel shield is executed. The Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed on the substrate after being printed, it was transferred to the heating plate under the following conditions: a) 10 minutes at 50 ° C - heating plate The measured surface temperature, b) 10 minutes at 120 ° C - the measured surface temperature of the heated plate. The substrate was then transferred to an oven (air pressure) according to the following conditions: ambient to 450 ° C at 10 ° C / min, isotherm at 450 ° C for 120 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature. Post-cure treatments (such as mild ultrasonic cleaning or semi-dry rolls) can be used to remove loose ions. Figure 14a, where the emitter patch is a bright portion and has a dimension 1400 of 500 microns, shows an example of an analog pixel patch printed using the inks described herein. Figure 14b, where the emitter patch is bright and the size is 1401. This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) ~ """1285910 A7 B7 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative System 5, the invention description (moving to ~300 microns and dimensions 1402 and 1403 is ~60 microns, showing an example of fine feature printing for, for example, a color pixel triplet. The flatness of the film is an important parameter after completion) Because it affects the ease with which subsequent structures, such as gates, can be built on the emitter layer. The best example of the ink described here produces a layer with an average roughness of ~1 40 nm (which has Square root 値 ~ 70 nm), when measured using a B ur 1 eigh Η 〇 ri ζ ο η non-contact optical profilometer (which uses the x 1 0 Mirau objective). Figure 5 5a and 15b Here, we see how the printing and emission properties can be adjusted by controlling the properties of the substrate. Figure 15a shows a substrate 1501 having a porous layer 1 502 on which a printed layer of conductive particles 1 504 is printed. CHTR transmitter Water layer 1 503. Applicants have found that the best emission system is obtained when the insulator film on the particles is one of tens of nanometers. During natural drying, the surface tension causes the insulator precursor layer on the convex upper region of the particles. Thinning, which leads to an ideal thinning procedure. However, there is a trade-off between this natural thinning procedure and the film drying (at a certain moment) to reach a thickness deficiency. Referring now to Figure 15b, this advantageous change can be seen. How the thin procedure can be accelerated by printing the porous layer 1 502 underneath the ink layer, which leaves some of the liquid component 1 505 of the ink before it dries. We have found that using this method can reduce the emission threshold field to 1.5. V/micron. Porous layer 1 502 can be advantageously formulated to have impedance properties and serve as an additional function of a choke layer. Using one of the foregoing examples to form the basis of a shield printed and thermally hardened cold cathode layer, Figure 9a (Which size 900 is 1 1.2 mm) shows its use one (please read the note on the back and then fill out this page) Ding Ben paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -54 - 1285910 A7 B7 V. INSTRUCTION OF THE INVENTION (The performance measured by the emission image. The cold cathode is configured as a 1 cm2 circular disc on a gold coated borate glass slide. 'Installed at a distance of 0.25 mm. The tin oxide coated glass anode is in a vacuum system. The voltage supplied to the diode is changed under the control of the computer, and the illuminating effect of the electron impact sensing on the tin oxide coated anode is observed by a CCD camera. The site density is limited by the 1 mA current limit of the device used. Thus the 'image needs to show its location with the lowest threshold electric field emitted' to indicate the uniformity of the portion of the element. In order to view and assist in reproduction, the view in Fig. 9a is displayed in the opposite video - that is, the original spot is displayed in the figure relative to the dark background, such as a dark spot relative to a bright background. Figure 9b shows the voltage-current characteristics of the same samples as above, which were measured using the same device that recorded the image in Figure 9a. It shows an apparent electric field of less than 10 V/μm that delivers more than 10 microamps. Figure 11 shows another transmitted image of another example (again, the opposite video). This has a very high site density in one of the discs, and the overall emitter area is again limited by the 1 mA device limit. The size 1101 is ~3mm, and the density of the part determined by the image analysis software is ~27000 cm'2 °. Figure 1 〇a is the threshold electric field of forty-nine separate test zones on the sample prepared using one of the previous examples. Frequency chart. The data was obtained using a 3 50 micron diameter probe to scan the 50 micron surface on the surface of the sample in the computer controlled vacuum test system. This probe test provides a statistical distribution of the threshold electric field in the region defined by the 350 micron diameter probe. Figure 1 〇b uses a 35 μm diameter probe to scan the paper in the same test system. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) is applicable. (Please read the back note and fill in the form. Page) Pack----Ί--订-------

經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -55- 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（Φ 之樣本的表面上之25微米所產生的相同樣本之類似頻率統 計圖。 圖1 2顯示使用相同探針於兩不同樣本之區域上所產生 的電流圖。於這些影像中，亮的灰色像素指示1 0 0 η A之電 流，而黑色方塊指示小於1 nA之電流。於第一例1 200中， 其係使用350微米直徑探針所測得之5 mm X 1 0 mm的掃瞄 區域，其顯示飽和於15V/微米之一具觀電場。於第二例 1201中，其係使用35微米直徑探針所測得之1 mm X 1 mm 的掃瞄區域，其顯示發射部位飽和於26V/微米，相當於〜 300 000部位cm·2之部位密度。 可從如以上所揭露之改良發射器材料獲得的場電子發 射電流可被使用於廣泛的裝置範圍，包含：場電子發射顯 示面板；燈具；高功率脈衝裝置，例如電子MA_SERS及磁 旋管；橫場微波管，例如CFAs ;線性光束管，例如速調 管；閃光X射線管；觸發火花間隙及相關裝置；供消毒用 之寬廣面積X射線源；真空錶；太空船之離子火箭推進 器；粒子加速器。 這些裝置之某些範例被顯示於圖8a、8b及8c。 圖8 a顯不一種可能被使用於場發射顯示器之可定址聞 控陰極。此結構包括一絕緣基底500、陰極軌跡501、發射 器層502、聚焦柵極層503，其係電連接至陰極軌跡、閘極 絕緣體504、及閘極軌跡505。閘極軌跡及閘極絕緣體被穿 以發射器單元5 0 6。於一選定之陰極軌跡上的負偏壓及一閘 極軌跡上之相關正偏壓致使電子507發射朝向一陽極（未 I I— I — 辦衣 J 訂 各 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -56- 1285910 A7 __B7___ 五、發明説明（Φ 顯示）。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 讀者可參考我方之專利GB 2 3 30 687以瞭解建構場效 裝置之進一步細節。 每一層中之電極鬼幾可被合倂以形成一可控制但非可 定址的電子源，其可找到各種裝置中之應用。 圖8b顯示上述之可定址結構5 1 0如何可使用一玻璃料 密封5 1 3而結合至一透明的陽極板5 11，其上具有一磷光質 屏蔽512。介於板之間的空間514被排空，以形成一顯示。 雖然已描述單色顯示，爲了說明及解釋之方便，但是 那些熟悉此項技術者將可輕易理解其一具有三部分像素之 相應配置可被使用以產生一彩色顯示器。 圖8c顯示一種使用上述材料之一的平面燈具。此一燈 具可被使用以提供液晶顯示之背光，雖然此應用並不排除 其他諸如室內照明燈的使用。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 此燈具包括一陰極板520,於其上澱積有一導電層521 及一發射層522。如上所述（以及如先前提及之我方其他專 利案中所述）之鎭流器層可被使用以增進發射之均勻度。 一透明陽極板523之上具有一導電層524及一磷光質層 525。一玻璃料526之環密封並隔開兩片板。其間隙527被 排空。 此等裝置之操作及建構（其僅爲本發明之實施例的許 多應用之範例）將爲那些熟悉此項技術者所能輕易暸解 的。本發明之較佳實施例的一項重要特徵在於其得以印刷 一發射型態，因而致能複雜的多發射器型態，諸如那些顯 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -57- 1285910 A7 _ B7_ 五、發明説明（Φ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 示器所需要者，而以中等的成本來製造，。此外，其印刷之 能力致能低價的基底材料，諸如所使用之玻璃；而微工程 製作之結構通常被建造於高價的單一晶體基底上。於此說 明書之內容中，印刷係指一種程序，其以一固定型態置放 或形成一發射材料。印刷這些墨水之適當程序的範例爲： 屏蔽印刷或補償石印術。假如無須成型，則亦可使用諸如 線捲塗敷（K塗敷器）或刀片塗敷等技術。 實施本發明之裝置可被製成所有尺寸：大的及小的。 此尤其可應用於顯示器，其範圍包括單一像素裝置至多數 像素裝置、從小型至大尺寸的顯示。 於此說明書中，“包括”具有其一般字典上的意義，其代 表非排他性的包含。亦即，使用詞句“包括”（或任何其他衍 生詞）以包含一個或更多特徵並不排除其亦包含進一步特 徵之可能性。 讀者應注意所有與此案相關之與此說明書同時或較早 提出的論文及文件，而其係被公開至大眾以供檢視此說明 書，且所有此等論文及文件之內容均被倂入於此以供參 考。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 此說明書中所揭露之所有特徵（包含任何伴隨的申請 專利範圍、摘要及圖式）、及/或所揭露之任何方法或程序 的步驟，均可被組合以任何形式，除了其中至少有某部分 爲互斥的特徵及/或步驟。 此說明書中所揭露之每一特徵（包含任何伴隨的申請 專利範圍、摘要及圖式）可由其他具有相同、同等或類似 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐) " -58- 1285910 A7 B7______ 五、發明説明（李 目的之特徵所取代，除非另有明確的聲明。因此，除非另 有明確的聲明，所揭露之每一特徵僅爲一總系列之同等或 類似特徵的一範例。 本發明並不侷限於前述實施例之細節。本發明係延伸 至此說明書中所揭露之特徵（包含任何伴隨的申請專利範 圍、摘要及圖式）的任何新穎特徵或任何新穎組合，或延 伸至所揭露之任何方法或程序的步驟之任何新穎步驟、或 任何新穎組合。 ----------裝-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -59-Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Bureau, Staff Consumption Cooperative Printed -55-1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Office, Staff Consumer Cooperative, Printed A7 B7 V. Invention Description (similar frequency statistics of the same sample produced on the surface of the sample of Φ 25 microns) Figure 12 shows a current plot generated using the same probe on the area of two different samples. In these images, a bright gray pixel indicates a current of 1 0 0 η A and a black square indicates a current less than 1 nA. In the first example 1 200, it is a scanning area of 5 mm X 10 mm measured using a 350 micron diameter probe, which exhibits an apparent electric field saturated at 15 V/micron. In the second example 1201 It is a scanning area of 1 mm X 1 mm measured using a 35 μm diameter probe, which shows that the emission site is saturated at 26 V/μm, which corresponds to a density of parts of ~300 000 parts cm·2. The field electron emission current obtained by the improved improved emitter material can be used in a wide range of devices, including: field electron emission display panels; lamps; high power pulse devices, such as electronic MA_SERS and magnetic coils; Wave tubes, such as CFAs; linear beam tubes, such as klystrons; flash X-ray tubes; trigger spark gaps and related devices; wide area X-ray sources for disinfection; vacuum gauges; space rocket propellers; Some examples of these devices are shown in Figures 8a, 8b, and 8c. Figure 8a shows an addressable, controlled cathode that may be used in a field emission display. The structure includes an insulating substrate 500, a cathode track 501, and an emission. The layer 502 and the focus gate layer 503 are electrically connected to the cathode track, the gate insulator 504, and the gate track 505. The gate track and the gate insulator are pierced by the emitter unit 506. The negative bias on the cathode track and the associated positive bias on a gate track cause the electrons 507 to emit toward an anode (not II-I - clothing J) (please read the back note first and then fill out this page) Paper scale applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -56- 1285910 A7 __B7___ V. Invention description (Φ display) (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) Readers can Refer to our patent GB 2 3 30 687 for further details on the construction of field effect devices. The electrode ghosts in each layer can be combined to form a controllable but non-addressable electron source that can be found in various devices. Figure 8b shows how the addressable structure 5 10 described above can be bonded to a transparent anode plate 5 11 using a frit seal 5 1 3 with a phosphorescent shield 512. Space 514 is emptied to form a display. Although a monochrome display has been described, for ease of illustration and explanation, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that a corresponding configuration having three portions of pixels can be used to generate A color display. Figure 8c shows a flat luminaire using one of the above materials. This fixture can be used to provide backlighting for liquid crystal displays, although this application does not preclude other uses such as indoor lighting. Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the consumer consortium. The luminaire includes a cathode plate 520 on which a conductive layer 521 and an emissive layer 522 are deposited. The choke layer as described above (and as described in our other patents as previously mentioned) can be used to increase the uniformity of the emission. A transparent anode plate 523 has a conductive layer 524 and a phosphor layer 525 thereon. A ring of frit 526 seals and separates the two sheets. Its gap 527 is emptied. The operation and construction of such devices, which are merely examples of many applications of embodiments of the present invention, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. An important feature of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is that it is capable of printing an emission pattern, thereby enabling complex multi-emitter types, such as those of the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X). 297 mm) -57- 1285910 A7 _ B7_ V. Invention description (Φ (please read the note on the back first and then fill out this page). The device is required for the display and is manufactured at a moderate cost. In addition, it is printed. Ability to enable low-cost base materials, such as glass used; and micro-engineered structures are typically built on high-priced single crystal substrates. In the context of this specification, printing refers to a procedure that is a fixed type. An example of a suitable procedure for printing these inks is: Shield printing or compensatory lithography. If it is not necessary to form, it can also be used such as coil coating (K applicator) or blade coating. The device embodying the invention can be made in all sizes: large and small. This is especially applicable to displays ranging from single pixel devices to most pixel devices, from Small to large size display. In this specification, "including" has its general dictionary meaning, which stands for non-exclusive inclusion. That is, the use of the phrase "including" (or any other derivative) to include one or more The multi-features do not preclude the possibility that they also contain further features. The reader should be aware of all papers and documents related to this case that are presented at the same time or earlier than this specification, and are disclosed to the public for review. The contents of all such papers and documents are hereby incorporated by reference. All the features disclosed in this manual (including any accompanying patent claims, abstracts and schemas) are printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. And/or steps of any method or procedure disclosed may be combined in any form, except that at least some of the features are mutually exclusive features and/or steps. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any The accompanying patent application scope, abstract and schema can be applied to other Chinese countries with the same, equivalent or similar paper scale. Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) " -58- 1285910 A7 B7______ V. Description of invention (replaced by the characteristics of Lee's purpose, unless otherwise expressly stated. Therefore, unless otherwise expressly stated, disclosed Each feature is only an example of the equivalent or similar features of the total series. The invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstracts Any novel feature or any novel combination of the drawings, or any novel steps, or any novel combination, extending to the steps of any of the methods or procedures disclosed. Read the precautions on the back and fill out this page.) Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Bureau, Staff, Consumer Cooperatives, Printed Paper Scale, Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210X297 mm) -59-

Claims (1)

1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 零f委g明手^年j月 私肩無超出原説明書 或_Λ所揭露之範園。 六、申請專利範圍 附件4A :第90 1 333 1 2號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本 民國95年3月23日修正 1 · 一種產生場電子發射材料之方法，包括下列步驟： а. 於一基底上印刷一墨水，其包括： 液體展色劑之一主要成分； 電絕緣材料之一第一次要成分，其係事先形成或提供 於其一先質中； 導電粒子之一第二次要成分；及 b·處理印上之墨水以排出該主要成分並從該基底上之 該次要成分產生該場發射電子材料。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該基底具有一導 電表面，於此表面上印刷有該墨水。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等粒子包括石 墨。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等粒子爲顯著 的針狀。 5·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等粒子爲顯著 的薄片形。 б. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等粒子爲明顯 等軸的。 7 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等粒子具有低 的非晶形含量。 8 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等粒子包括碳 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範園 或其他材料的毫微管。 9 ·如申請專利範圍第2項之方法， 其中該印刷墨水之處理係使得每一該等粒子均具有一 層該電絕緣材料，其係配置介於該導電表面與該粒子之間 的第一k置中，及/或介於該粒子與其中配置有場電子發射 材料的環境之間的第二位置中，以致其電子發射部位 (sites )被形成於至少某些該第一及/或第二位置上。 I 〇 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等粒子被包 含於多數第一粒子與多數通常小於該等第一粒子之第二粒 子的混合物中。 II ·如申請專利範圍第1 0項之方法，其中至少某些該等 第二粒子可修飾該等第一粒子。 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1 〇項之方法，其中至少某些該等 第二粒子被配置於該等第一粒子之間所界定的空隙中。 13.如申請專利範圍第1〇項之方法，其中該等第二粒子 包括至少兩種不同型式之粒子。 1 4 ·如申請專利範圍第1 0項之方法，其中某些或所有該 等第二粒子係較該等第一粒子更爲等軸的。 15·如申請專利範圍第10項之方法，其中某些或所有該 等第二粒子係較該等第一粒子更似針狀。 16. 如申請專利範圍第1〇項之方法，其中該等第一粒子 包括石墨而該等第二粒子包括炭黑。 17. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法，其中該等第一粒子 包括石墨而該等第二粒子包括燻過的矽土或LaP〇nite。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 請 先 閲 面 之 注 I 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1285910 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範固 1 8 ·如申|靑專利範圍第1 〇項之方法，其中該等第一粒子 包括一阻抗材料而該等第二粒子包括石墨。 19 ·如申g靑專利範圍第1 8項之方法，其中該等第一粒子 包括碳化矽。 20·如申請專利範圍第1 〇項之方法，其中該等第二粒子 具有較該等第一粒子更高的BET表面積値。 21·如申請專利範圍第10項之方法，其中該等第二粒子 較該等第一粒子更爲結晶狀。 22.如申請專利範圍第i項之方法，其中該墨水含有該 電絕緣材料之該先質，而該印刷墨水之處理包含使得印刷 墨水承受其中該先質被轉變爲該電絕緣材料於每一該等導 電粒子之至少部分附近的條件。 23 ·如申請專利範圍第22項之方法，其中該等條件包含 加熱。 24·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該電絕緣材料 被提供爲一大致上已形成之層於每一該等導電粒子上。 2 5 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其包含將該等次要 成分混合並將其加入該主要成分的先期步驟，藉以形成該 墨水。 26·—種產生一固體的、電絕緣層於一場發射裝置中之 方法，包括下列步驟： a·於一基底上印刷一墨水，其包括： i. 液體展色劑之一主要成分； ii. 電絕緣材料之一次要成分，其係事先形成或提供於 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閲,背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 Zero f committee g Ming hand ^ year j month Private shoulder does not exceed the original manual or _ Λ revealed the Fan Park. VI. Application for Patent Scope Annex 4A: Application No. 90 1 333 1 2 Patent Application for Chinese Patent Replacement Amendment of the Republic of China on March 23, 1995 1 · A method for generating field electron emission materials, including the following steps: а. Printing an ink on a substrate, comprising: a main component of a liquid vehicle; a first minor component of the electrical insulating material, which is formed or provided in a precursor thereof in advance; one of the conductive particles is a second time The component is processed; and b. processes the printed ink to expel the primary component and produce the field emission electronic material from the secondary component on the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a conductive surface on which the ink is printed. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles comprise graphite. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles are substantially needle-like. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles are in a pronounced flake shape. б. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles are substantially equiaxed. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have a low amorphous content. 8 · For the method of claim 1, the particles include carbon standard paper size applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α 4 specifications (210Χ297 mm) (please read the back note and fill out this page) Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Apply for patents Fan Park or other materials of nanotubes. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the printing ink is treated such that each of the particles has a layer of the electrically insulating material disposed between the electrically conductive surface and the first k of the particle Centered, and/or in a second position between the particle and an environment in which the field electron emissive material is disposed, such that its electron emission sites are formed in at least some of the first and/or second locations on. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles are contained in a mixture of a plurality of first particles and a plurality of second particles that are generally smaller than the first particles. II. The method of claim 10, wherein at least some of the second particles modify the first particles. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the second particles are disposed in a void defined between the first particles. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise at least two different types of particles. 1 4 - The method of claim 10, wherein some or all of the second particles are more isometric than the first particles. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein some or all of the second particles are more needle-like than the first particles. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles comprise graphite and the second particles comprise carbon black. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the first particles comprise graphite and the second particles comprise smoked alumina or LaP〇nite. This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) Please read the note first I Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed 1285910 Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printed A8 B8 C8 D8 The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles comprise an impedance material and the second particles comprise graphite. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first particles comprise niobium carbide. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles have a higher BET surface area 値 than the first particles. 21. The method of claim 10, wherein the second particles are more crystalline than the first particles. 22. The method of claim i, wherein the ink contains the precursor of the electrically insulating material, and the processing of the printing ink comprises subjecting the printing ink to a condition in which the precursor is converted to the electrically insulating material. Conditions in the vicinity of at least a portion of the conductive particles. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the conditions comprise heating. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating material is provided as a substantially formed layer on each of the electrically conductive particles. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of mixing the secondary components and adding them to the primary component to form the ink. 26. A method of producing a solid, electrically insulating layer in a field emission device comprising the steps of: a. printing an ink on a substrate comprising: i. a primary component of a liquid vehicle; ii. The primary component of the electrical insulation material, which is previously formed or provided on the paper scale, is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read first, note on the back and fill in this page) -3- 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 其一先質中； (請先閲·#背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) b.處理印刷墨水以排出該主要成分並從該基底上之該 次要成分產生該固體的、電絕緣層。 27·如申請專利範圍第26項之方法，其中該固體的、電 絕緣層被形成爲一閘絕緣體。 28. 如申請專利範圍第26項之方法，其包含該電絕緣材 料之該先質，該先質爲一凝膠或聚合物先質之形式。 29. 如申請專利範圍第28項之方法，其中該先質爲一砂 土凝膠。 30. 如申請專利範圍第28項之方法，其中該先質爲一銘 凝膠。 31·如申請專利範圍第28項之方法，其中該先質爲一聚 砂氧院。 3 2.如申請專利範圍第28項之方法，其中該先質爲〜 silsesquioxane (砍倍半氧院）聚合物。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 33.如申請專利範圍第 32項之方法，其中該 silsesquioxane 係選自包括 /3-氯乙基 silsesquioxane、^ silsesquioxane、及乙醯氧基 silsesqui〇xane 之族群。 34·如申請專利範圍第26項之方法，其中該電絕緣材料 係選自包括非晶砂土、ormosils、非晶氧化銘及Laponite ^ 族群。 35.如申請專利範圍第26項之方法，其中該液體展色劑 包括水。 3 6 ·如申請專利範圍第2 6項之方法，其中該液體展色劑 — 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -4- 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 包括一有機溶劑。 (請先閲嘴背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 37·如申請專利範圍第26項之方法，其中該液體展色劑 含有至少一添加物以控制墨水之流變性。 38·如申請專利範圍第37項之方法，其中該至少一添力口 物包含至少一增稠劑。 3 9 ·如申請專利範圍第3 8項之方法，其中該增稠劑包括 易逝的可溶有機聚合物。 4 0 ·如申請專利範圍第3 9項之方法，其中該易逝的可溶 有機聚合物係選自包括聚（乙烯）酒精、乙基纖維素、氫 氧乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、氫氧 丙基纖維素、黃原膠、及瓜爾豆膠之族群。 41·如申請專利範圍第38項之方法，其中該增稠劑包括 一非易逝的材料。 42.如申請專利範圍第41項之方法，其中該非易逝的材 料係選自包括燻過的矽土、炭黑、及Laponite之族群。 43·如申請專利範圍第37項之方法，其中包括至少一額 外的添加物以進一步控制墨水之性質。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 44·如申請專利範圍第43項之方法，其中該至少額外的 添加物包括至少抗起泡劑、平坦劑、濕潤劑、防腐劑、空 氣釋放劑、遲縮劑、及散佈劑之一。 45·如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該抗起泡劑爲 一易逝的材料。 46·如申請專利範圍第45項之方法，其中該易逝的材料 係選自包括丁基乙二醇一***、正辛醇、有機聚合物與有 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 1285910 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範国 機金屬化合物之乳膠、及烷基苯中之無矽氧烷的除泡沬物 質之族群。 47.如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該抗起泡劑爲 一非易逝的材料。 48·如申請專利範圍第47項之方法，其中該非易逝的材 料包括矽氧烷。 49·如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該散佈劑係選 自包括聚（乙;(:希）酒精；於丁基醋酸鹽、甲氧基丙基醋酸 鹽及次丁醇中之更改的聚氨基鉀酸酯；於甲氧基丙醇中之 更改的聚丙烯酸酯；聚乙二醇單（4-(1，1,3,3-四甲基丁基）苯 基）醚；及礦物油之族群。 50.如申請專利範圍第49項之方法，其中該散佈劑包括 矽氧烷油。 51·如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該至少一額外 的添加物包括至少一散佈劑，而至少一該次要成分具有對 於該散佈劑之親合性。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 52·如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該平坦劑係選 自包括聚（乙烯）酒精、於次丁醇中之碳氟化物更改的聚 丙燒酸酯；於異丁醇中之有機更改的聚砂氧院；及非溶解 更改的聚矽氧烷之族群。 5 3 ·如申請專利筆Ε圍第4 4項之方法，其中該濕潤劑係選 自包括於二甲苯、正辛醇及單丙二醇中之未飽和聚醯胺及 酸酯鹽；及水中之高分子重量羧酸的烷醇銨鹽之族群。 54 ·如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該防腐劑係選 本Κ張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐)' ---- -6- 1285910 A8 BS C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 自包括酚及甲醛之族群。 55.如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該空氣釋放劑 係選自包括矽土粒子及矽氧烷之族群。 5 6.如申請專利範圍第44項之方法，其中該遲縮劑係選 自包括1，2-丙二醇及香油腦之族群。 57. 如申請專利範圍第26項之方法，其中該印刷包括屏 蔽印刷。 58. 如申請專利範圍第26項之方法，其中該印刷包括噴 墨印刷。 59. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該印刷係選自 包括補償石印術、墊印刷、表印刷及狹縫印刷之族群。 60. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該基底係有孔 的，而該處理印刷墨水之步驟包含吸收該液體展色劑之至 少部分入該有孔基底中。 61. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該處理印刷墨 水之步驟係致使絕緣體之平均厚度減至如印上之墨水厚度 的10%以下。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 62. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該處理印刷墨 水之步驟係致使硬化層中之絕緣體的平均厚度減至如印上 之墨水厚度的5%以下。 63. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該處理印刷墨 水之步驟係致使硬化層中之絕緣體的平均厚度減至如印上 之墨水厚度的1 %以下。 64. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該處理印刷墨 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -7 - 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 水之步驟係致使硬化層中之絕緣體的平均厚度減至如印上 之墨水厚度的〇 · 5 %以下。 65.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該主要成分包 括至少5 0 %之墨水重量。 6 6.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該主要成分包 括至少80%之墨水重量。 67 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該主要成分包 括至少90%之墨水重量。 68.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該主要成分包 括至少95%之墨水重量。 69·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中每一該次要成 分之總重包括少於50%之墨水重量。 70.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中每一該次要成 分之總重包括少於1 0 %之墨水重量。 7 1 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中每一該次要成 分之總重包括少於5 %之墨水重量。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 7 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中每一該次要成 分之總重包括少於2%之墨水重量。 73.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中每一該次要成 分之總重包括少於1 %之墨水重量。 74·—種場電子發射裝置，包括一場電子發射器，其包 括由如申請專利範圍第1項之方法所產生的場電子發射材 料、和使該發射器遭受電場而致發射電子之機構。 75·如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其包括 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -8 - 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 一具有該場電子發射器之補片陣列的基底、及具有校直之 隙縫陣列的控制電極，其電極係由絕緣層支撐於發射器補 片之上。 76.如申請專利範圍第75項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 等隙縫爲狹縫之形式。 77·如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 場電子發射裝置爲一電漿反應器、電暈放電裝置、寂靜放 電裝置、臭氧化器、一電子源、電子槍、電子裝置、X射線 管、真空錶、氣體塡充裝置，或離子推進器。 78. 如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中場 電子發射器供應裝置之操作的總電流。 79. 如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中場 電子發射器供應裝置之一起始、觸發或準備電流。 80·如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 場電子發射裝置爲一顯示裝置θ 81.如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 場電子發射裝置爲一燈。 82·如申請專利範圍第81項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 燈爲實質上平坦的。 83·如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 發射器係經由一鎭流器電阻而被連接至一電驅動機構，以 限制電流。 84·如申請專利範圍第83項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 鎭流器電阻被供應爲一電阻墊於每一該發射補片底下。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閲資背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)-3- 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. The scope of the patent application is in the first place; (please read the ## note on the back and fill in the page) b. Process the printing ink to discharge the main component and from the substrate The secondary component produces the solid, electrically insulating layer. The method of claim 26, wherein the solid, electrically insulating layer is formed as a gate insulator. 28. The method of claim 26, comprising the precursor of the electrically insulating material, the precursor being in the form of a gel or a polymer precursor. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the precursor is a sand gel. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the precursor is a gel. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the precursor is a polysoda. 3 2. The method of claim 28, wherein the precursor is a ~ silsesquioxane polymer. Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Employees' Consumption Cooperatives. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the silsesquioxane is selected from the group consisting of /3-chloroethylsilsesquioxane, ^ silsesquioxane, and ethoxylated silsesqui〇xane . 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the electrically insulating material is selected from the group consisting of amorphous sand, ormosils, amorphous oxide, and Laponite^ groups. 35. The method of claim 26, wherein the liquid vehicle comprises water. 3 6 · If the method of claim 26 is applied, the liquid developer - the paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -4- 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. The scope of the patent application includes an organic solvent. 37. The method of claim 26, wherein the liquid vehicle contains at least one additive to control the rheology of the ink. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the at least one filler comprises at least one thickener. The method of claim 3, wherein the thickener comprises a perishable soluble organic polymer. The method of claim 39, wherein the perishable soluble organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene) alcohol, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl fiber. a group of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, xanthan gum, and guar gum. 41. The method of claim 38, wherein the thickening agent comprises a non-fade material. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the non-perishable material is selected from the group consisting of smoked alumina, carbon black, and Laponite. 43. The method of claim 37, wherein the method comprises at least one additional additive to further control the properties of the ink. The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Office, Staff Consumer Cooperative, Printed, 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the at least additional additive comprises at least an anti-foaming agent, a flattening agent, a wetting agent, a preservative, an air release agent, and a late One of the shrinking agents and dispersing agents. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the anti-foaming agent is a perishable material. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the perishable material is selected from the group consisting of butyl glycol monoethyl ether, n-octanol, organic polymers, and a paper scale applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4. Specification (210 X 297 mm) 1285910 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 VI. The patent application for the compound of the metal compound of the Fanguo machine and the group of defoaming substances of the non-anthracene in the alkylbenzene. 47. The method of claim 44, wherein the anti-foaming agent is a non-fading material. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the non-perishable material comprises a decane. 49. The method of claim 44, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of poly(B; (hi) alcohol; changes in butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, and hypobutanol Polyamino acid carbonate; modified polyacrylate in methoxypropanol; polyethylene glycol mono(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)ether; 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the displacing agent comprises a phthalic acid oil. The method of claim 44, wherein the at least one additional additive comprises at least one a dispersing agent, and at least one of the minor components has an affinity for the dispersing agent. The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Office, Employees' Cooperatives, and the method of claim 44, wherein the flattening agent is selected from the group consisting of Poly(ethylene) alcohol, a fluorocarbon modified polypropionate in a butanol; an organically modified polyxanthine in isobutanol; and a non-dissolved modified polyoxane group. 5 3 · For example, the method of applying for a patent pen, item 44, wherein the humectant is selected from the group consisting of An unsaturated polyamine and an acid ester salt of xylene, n-octanol and monopropylene glycol; and a group of high molecular weight carboxylic acid alkanolammonium salts in water. 54. The method of claim 44, Among them, the preservative is selected according to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297 mm)' ---- -6- 1285910 A8 BS C8 D8 VI. The patent application scope includes the group of phenol and formaldehyde. 55. The method of claim 44, wherein the air release agent is selected from the group consisting of alumina particles and a lanthanane. 5 6. The method of claim 44, wherein the retarder is The method of claim 1, wherein the printing comprises the method of claim 26, wherein the printing comprises a mask printing method. 59. The method of claim 1, wherein the printing is selected from the group consisting of compensatory lithography, pad printing, surface printing, and slit printing. 60. The base system The step of treating the printed ink comprises absorbing at least a portion of the liquid vehicle into the apertured substrate. 61. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of processing the ink is such that the insulator is The average thickness is reduced to less than 10% of the thickness of the printed ink. The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Office, Staff Consumer Cooperative, Printed. 62. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of processing the ink is performed in the hardened layer. The average thickness of the insulator is reduced to less than 5% of the thickness of the printed ink. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of treating the ink is such that the average thickness of the insulator in the hardened layer is reduced to Less than 1% of the thickness of the ink. 64. The method of claim 1, wherein the size of the printed ink sheet is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -7 - 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Patent application scope The step is such that the average thickness of the insulator in the hardened layer is reduced to less than 5% of the thickness of the printed ink. 65. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary component comprises at least 50% ink weight. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the main component comprises at least 80% of the ink weight. 67. The method of claim 1, wherein the main component comprises at least 90% of the ink weight. 68. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary component comprises at least 95% ink weight. 69. The method of claim 1, wherein the total weight of each of the secondary components comprises less than 50% of the ink weight. 70. The method of claim 1, wherein the total weight of each of the minor components comprises less than 10% of the ink weight. 7 1 . The method of claim 1, wherein the total weight of each of the secondary components comprises less than 5% of the ink weight. Printed by the Consumer Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 7 2. For the method of claim 1, the total weight of each of the secondary components includes less than 2% of the ink weight. 73. The method of claim 1, wherein the total weight of each of the minor components comprises less than 1% of the ink weight. 74. A field electron emission device comprising a field electron emitter comprising a field electron emission material produced by the method of claim 1 and a mechanism for causing the emitter to emit electrons by receiving an electric field. 75. The electronic emission device of the field of claim 74, including the paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -8 - 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. The substrate of the patch array of the field electron emitter and the control electrode having the aligned slit array are supported by the insulating layer on the emitter patch. 76. The field electron-emitting device of claim 75, wherein the gap is in the form of a slit. 77. The field electron emission device of claim 74, wherein the field electron emission device is a plasma reactor, a corona discharge device, a silent discharge device, an ozonator, an electron source, an electron gun, an electronic device, X-ray tube, vacuum gauge, gas charging device, or ion thruster. 78. The field electron emission device of claim 74, wherein the total current of the operation of the field electron emitter supply device. 79. The field electron emission device of claim 74, wherein one of the field electron emitter supply devices initiates, triggers or prepares a current. 80. The field electron emission device of claim 74, wherein the field electron emission device is a display device θ 81. The field electron emission device of claim 74, wherein the field electron emission device is a lamp . 82. The field electron-emitting device of claim 81, wherein the lamp is substantially flat. 83. The field electron emission device of claim 74, wherein the emitter is coupled to an electric drive mechanism via a choke resistor to limit current flow. 84. The field electron emission device of claim 83, wherein the choke resistor is supplied as a resistor pad under each of the emission patches. This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -9- 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 85·如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 發射器材料及/或磷光體被塗敷於導電軌跡之一個以上的一 維陣列之上，該等導電軌跡係被配置而被電子驅動機構所 利用以產生一掃瞄發光線。 86·如申請專利範圍第85項之場電子發射裝置，其包含 該電子驅動機構。 87. 如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其中該 場發射器被配置於一環境中，其爲氣體、液體、固體或真 空。 88. 如申請專利範圍第74項之場電子發射裝置，其包括 一陰極，其爲光學半透明的且被相關一陽極而配置以使得 發射自陰極之電子照射至陽極上以造成陽極上之電發光， 其電發光係透過光學半透明陰極而爲可見的。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -10-Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Bureau, Staff and Consumer Cooperatives Printed -9- 1285910 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Application for Patent Scope 85. For example, the field emission electron emission device of claim 74, wherein the emitter material and/or phosphor is coated Applied over one or more one-dimensional arrays of conductive traces, the conductive traces are configured to be utilized by an electronic drive mechanism to produce a scan light line. 86. The field electron emission device of claim 85, which comprises the electronic drive mechanism. 87. The field electron emission device of claim 74, wherein the field emitter is disposed in an environment that is gas, liquid, solid or vacuum. 88. The field electron emission device of claim 74, comprising a cathode optically translucent and configured by an associated anode such that electrons emitted from the cathode are illuminated onto the anode to cause electricity on the anode Illumination, the electroluminescence of which is visible through the optically translucent cathode. Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the consumer cooperatives. This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -10-