TW482688B - Strong article useful as a bone substitute material, and method of producing same - Google Patents

Strong article useful as a bone substitute material, and method of producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
TW482688B
TW482688B TW087116343A TW87116343A TW482688B TW 482688 B TW482688 B TW 482688B TW 087116343 A TW087116343 A TW 087116343A TW 87116343 A TW87116343 A TW 87116343A TW 482688 B TW482688 B TW 482688B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
bone
bones
skeleton
gap
substance
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Application number
TW087116343A
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English (en)
Inventor
James R Johnson
Wesley D Johnson
Jeffrey G Marx
Original Assignee
Cerabio Llc
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Publication of TW482688B publication Critical patent/TW482688B/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28Bones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/40Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L27/42Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix
    • A61L27/425Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix of phosphorus containing material, e.g. apatite
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/40Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L27/42Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix
    • A61L27/427Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix of other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L27/422 or A61L27/425
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28Bones
    • A61F2002/2817Bone stimulation by chemical reactions or by osteogenic or biological products for enhancing ossification, e.g. by bone morphogenetic or morphogenic proteins [BMP] or by transforming growth factors [TGF]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30092Properties of materials and coating materials using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30878Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves with non-sharp protrusions, for instance contacting the bone for anchoring, e.g. keels, pegs, pins, posts, shanks, stems, struts
    • A61F2002/30884Fins or wings, e.g. longitudinal wings for preventing rotation within the bone cavity
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/3094Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2002/30968Sintering
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
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    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
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    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
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    • A61F2310/00293Ceramics or ceramic-like structures containing a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. apatite
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    • A61L2400/00Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/18Modification of implant surfaces in order to improve biocompatibility, cell growth, fixation of biomolecules, e.g. plasma treatment
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    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/02Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

482688 五、發明說明(1) 1. 發明範圍 本發明係通常關於骨骼替代物,而尤其是能支撐或助長 骨骼向内長進其小孔的多孔物質。 2. 發明背景 在骨折或其它的骨骼傷害例子中,適當治療骨頭和後續 較佳的骨骼再塑非常依賴於骨骼碎片間維持的穩定性;而 在脫鈣骨的例子中,則繫於維持生理緊張度。使用外部固 定器、石膏和其類似物·可獲得外部結構支撐。内部結構支 撐則通常以内部固定裝置,像骨金屬板、螺絲、髓内桿等 提供,而其中有一些需要稍後以外科手術取出,而全部皆 經證實對病人是累贅並會造成外傷。 因此需要一種既是骨骼替代物,也是骨骼移樟物,並會 提供結構支撐之產品。在置換或修復下肢長骨與使用於脊 柱融合技術時尤其需要此種產品。外傷、骨質疏鬆症、嚴 重的骨關節炎或類風濕性關節炎、關節置換和骨癌可以要 求包括使用結構性骨骼替代物之治療。成功的骨骼移植需 要有利於骨骼向内生長之骨架的骨傳導基質,提供引發骨 骼再生和修復之化學試劑的骨引發因子,由其辨識成骨細 胞和蝕骨細胞之能力於骨骼再生時提供基本建造阻斷之造 骨細胞;及提供適於由移植物攜載負荷之移植部位的結構 完整性。 目前的骨骼移植物包括自體移植(使用取自病人的骨 骼)、同種移植(使用屍骨)和一些人工或合成的骨骼替代 物。自體移植物包含疏鬆骨和/或皮質骨。疏鬆骨移植物
C: 1234X55143. pld 第5頁 482688 五、發明說明(2) 事實上結構並不完整。當移植物併入骨骼時,豆 而生成新骨。關於皮質骨,移植物最初具有一此社二增加 強度。然而,當移植物併入宿主骨路[籍由;:士的 移走無生命力的骨骼’但移植物的強度明顯降 收作用 自體移植骨在採集部位會使病人感到非常疼-二使闬 由病人採集之該骨骼的量有p艮。同種移植物 邮二然能 相似處在於其包含可使用之疏鬆骨和/或皮質a 移植物 寸較大。用於同種移植物的無菌技術會危害、月、夏和尺 和生化性質。使用同種移楂骨會產生至少〜$ ^物的結構 移植物可能無法完全併入的危險性。 二疾病轉移及 為了便於使用,結構骨骼的修復物質必須^ 一 宜修復部位造形的複合物形狀。正確造形的^ j形成迥 天然骨骼同化作用而具備較佳負載能力。天秋骨j 替代物之間時常需要緊密負_,以促進骨心:: 生作用而使移植物併入宿主骨骼内。就理想上而言,骨路 替代物的強度和硬度與彈性(即其對於負荷和負荷率的反 應)應該與該些天然骨骼者相似。 適用於矯形學之移植物質的概論說明於於Dami en, Christopher,J.,和pars〇ns,RusseH j·,「骨路移植物 和骨骼移植替代物··最新技術和應用之評論,」應用生物 物質雜誌,第2冊,第i 8 7 _2 0 8頁(1 9 9 1 )。 經提出許多物質適用於做為骨路替代物,其範圍一方面 由適宜在替換膝和髖關節周圍填補缺口之成形多孔金屬物 體,在另一方面的成形陶質物質。陶質物質全經由溶結步
482688
驟形成,其中陶質物質的粉末, 模型中接著加熱至熔結溫度。所生 =’、^所需形狀 與鱗酸三⑹也能以此方法炼結,該鱗酸舞能用 骼生長之受質(骨傳導性)。 u為月 j人提出混合陶質粉末,I氧化料録翁石, %灰石和尖晶石,然後將混合物壓入模型内,經熔处^ 靜態加壓,產生一些至少部份小孔填塞羥基磷灰石=查 錯的有孔陶質。參考文獻為Tamari等人,美國專利第乳化 4二95 7,5 0 9號,和Aksaci,D·等人,用於骨骼架橋之有孔 氟鱗灰石/尖晶石骨陶質物質,陶質物質會報,第Μ冊, 第283頁( 1 99 5 )。與也有人提出使用同時具有高孔隙度和 低孔隙度部份的陶質物件,而本文之參考文獻為 1^1^11^七3111^等人,美國專利第5,152,791號, •1(^&!133〇11,美國專利第5,4 64,440號和3〇1'〇111,美國專利 第4,237,559號。也見1(13巧丨七1€1'等人,美國專利第 4,0 0 0,5 2 5號。最後的參考文獻指出A I2 〇3滑泥在海绵中起 泡,接著射出的用途。 經提出適於骨骼替代物之金屬和陶質物質全都具有低孔 隙度’而且皆包括半多孔表面填充或塗上碟酸4弓為主物質 之實質上緻密的金屬和陶質物質。所生成的結構具有_個 緻密金屬或陶質中心,以及一個中心物質和碟酸舞之複合 物,或基本上是鱗酸舞的表面。此型態的骨路替代物通常 重而敏密,且時常明顯比骨路構造硬。本文參考文獻為美
C:\1234\55143.ptd 第7頁 482688
(^SS 寺人i、第 4,62 6,392 號(K〇nd〇* 人)* 第 4,m,509 虎(Tamar 1寺人)。雖然天然骨骼經加壓壓、 (一些骨骨各成份用於分佈負荷),但骨路替代‘ f 5 f核 者通常卻是突然和大規模耗損。 代物像該些上述 3 ·發明摘要 本發 物件。 間隙的 該物件 物質。 在一 替代物 架,其 隙,一 吸收而 其間適 内層係 傳送和 損非突 本發明 合物物 再吸收 組成。 該物件 骨架, 最好包 該物件 個具體 的強石更 具有支 種包含 且至少 宜之彈 以天然 分佈製 然與大 件’該 之彈性 该物件 供一種適用於做為骨骼替 敞式骨絡或有 一層生物可再 物質從 包括支撐性 該支架塗被 括間隙間且 包括促進骨 貫施例中, 物件。該物 架貫穿該物 於間隙内的 部份分隔支 性内層。對 骨骼應付所 品間的負荷 規模的,而 為提供一種 物件由支撐 物質或被骨 包括會促進 由彈性 骨各向内 本發明 件包括 件之巨 骨傳導 撐性骨 物件施 承受壓 ,包括 是漸進 適用於 空隙的 傳導物 骨骼内 互連支架 吸收之彈 支架分隔 生長的物質。 種適用於 續的強硬 提供一 一個連 大體積 物質, 架與骨 予物理 力時之 支架的 的。在 做為骨 骨骼或 質包圍 向生長 而固定許 以及 種 傳導物質 壓力時的 反應的類 液壓變強 此具體實 骼替代物 其中是併 之屍體中 的物質。 硬複合物 固定許多 性物質。 之骨傳導 做為骨骨各 支撐性骨 多互連間 生物可再 且分佈於 反應上, 似方法來 。物品耗 施例中, 之堅硬複 入生物可 的骨架所
C:\1234\55M3.ptd 第8頁 482688 五、發明說明(5) 支撐性骨架最好具有支架貫穿該物件之巨大體積而固定 許多互連間隙之陶質物質,以及由該支撐性骨架支持且曝 露於互連間隙的骨傳導組合物。該骨傳導組合物佔有與骨 架組件體積至少部份相同的大小。支撐性骨架的空隙體積 希望在範圍20¾至90¾内,而最好至少50%。此外,支撐性 骨架組件的空隙平均大小希望是至少5 0微米,而最好是在 2 0 0微米至6 0 0微米的範圍内。 聚合物質是生物可再吸收的聚合物,其可以是一種聚合 物或下列之組合:膠原、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、乳酸和乙醇 酸的共聚物、聚胺基葡糖、聚乙醯胺基葡糖、明膠或任何 其它可再吸收之聚合物。此聚合物質可以單獨使用,或以 一種顆粒或纖維狀生物可相容物質加固,而且該複合物包 括已知會引發骨骼形成的生物試劑。當宿主骨骼長入間隙 内置換其骨路時,此聚合物質會再吸收。 骨傳導組合物雖然也是是一種連續互連體,但其體積比 骨架間隙中的空隙小;因此在骨傳導組合物和骨架支架間 有空隙存在。此空隙以生物能再吸收之彈性物質填充以提 供一個吸收能量的界面,用於提供負荷分佈和液壓休克吸 收功能。骨傳導組合物另外也可以在外科手術期間添加到 支撐性骨架的間隙内,而該骨架之支架則已塗上一種彈性 物質。 在較佳的具體實施例中,支撐性骨架、骨傳導組合物和 有彈性且生物能再吸收之物質各為連續的三次元結構,具 有3,3連接性,並佔有至少一部份而最好全部相同的巨大
C:\1234\55143.ptd 第9頁 482688 五、發明說明(6) 體積,各個連續結構具有互連空隙而空隙間則彼此互連。 本文中,彈性層是用來將負荷由支撐性骨架轉移和分佈至 骨傳導物質,以增加結構強度,並試圖在最大物質情況下 避免易碎行為。咸信所生成的物件會利用比緻密陶質或金 屬體更適合生理的方法將壓力轉移到周圍的骨骼。此壓力 轉移對於刺激移植物附近的骨絡生長和再塑,以及避免已 知會引起不利骨絡再塑之反應的「壓力屏蔽」而言是重要 白勺° 另一個具體實施例中,支架是由含有支撐性物質與骨傳 導物質之混合物或複合物組成,該支撐性物質提供物件的 強度,而骨傳導物質則位於至少部份間隙表面上,為了使 其曝露於互連空隙以提供適宜骨骼生長之骨傳導環境。支 架係塗被或間隙包含生物能在吸收的彈性物質。 在另一個具體實施例中,支撐性骨架包括塗被生物能再 吸收之彈性物質的支架,以固定在物件表面敞開的間隙, 而且能在外科手術期間以磷酸鈣水泥填塞。在此具體實施 例中,磷酸鈣水泥在間隙内硬化,而且由變硬之磷酸鈣水 泥中分隔出支撐性骨架的彈性物質是用來做為緩衝由骨架 上外部負荷產生的力量。 還有一個具體實施例中,堅硬骨架的間隙係填入生物相 容與生物可再吸收之彈性物質的複合物做為含磷酸鈣顆粒 或其它骨傳導物質之基質。 進一步另一個具體實施例中,本發明包括任何上述數種 型態之開孔物件,而且包含第二種實質上緻密連續的物質
C:\1234\55M3.ptd 第10頁 482688 五、發明說明(7) 組件附接於第一種物質總體積表面上,該第二種組件具有 不大於其巨大體積1 0%的孔隙度。此實質上緻密相可以是 陶質物質、聚合物、金屬或複合物。 4. 圖之說明 圖1是適用於製備本發明物件之陶質骨架的概要切面 圖; 圖2是說明圖1之陶質骨架的概要切開圖,圖中的間隙包 括一種骨傳導物質; 圖3是說明圖2之陶質骨架之切面概要圖,其係顯示彈性 物質併入陶質骨架和骨傳導物質間的空隙中; 圖4是說明本發明具體實施例之概要切面圖; 圖5是說明本發明另一個具體實施例之概要切面圖;和 圖6是說明本發明製品逐漸耗損模式之負荷對於緊張度 的圖; 圖7是使用本發明具體實施例之股骨假骨的切面圖;及 圖8是使用本發明具體實施例之脛骨假骨的切面圖。 5. 較佳具體實施例之詳細說明 製備本發明物件時,由形成間隙大小範圍約5 0微米至約 1 0 0 0微米的支撐性敞式骨架開始較佳,且由約2 0 0微米至 約6 0 0微米與有至少約3 0 %空隙體積更佳,至少約5 0 %尤 佳,而至少約7 0 %最佳。骨架物質可以包括任何堅固、強 硬、具生物相容性之物質,像陶質物質、金屬和像氧化 鍅、氧化锆/羥基磷灰石組合物之複合物,而且氧化鍅會 使氧化鋁變堅韌。具有陶質物質、氧化锆、氧化鋁和磷酸
C: \123A.55143. ptd 第丨1頁 482688 五、發明說明(8) 鈣及其組合物之骨架組件較佳。 在一個較佳方法中,陶質物質滑泥係由結合陶質粉末, 像氧化錯與有機結合劑和水形成散佈而製成。有機網狀多 孔之支架表面,像由聚亞胺酯、聚酯、聚醚或其類似物製 成的各種市售多孔物中的一種,是潮濕並塗被陶質滑泥。 網狀物質可以浸入滑泥内,然後取出曬乾以去除多餘滑 泥。若有需要,可藉由許多方法中任何一種,包括使物質 通過一對空隙緊密之滾筒間以去除更多多餘滑泥。以空氣 喷出物碰撞該物質,可以清除藉由表面張力填塞間隙之剩 餘滑泥。改變滑泥濃度、黏稠度和表面張力能控制留在多 孔支架表面上之滑泥的量。潮濕劑和黏稠控制劑也適用於 本目的。可以使用多種網狀、開孔物質,包括天然和合成 海绵物質及織品和非織品物質,在此具體實施例中只需要 開孔物質能使陶質滑泥物實質上完全貫穿構造内的空隙。 一旦網狀支架塗被滑泥後,藉由乾燥去除滑泥溶劑,繼 而若有需要則稍微加熱,然後將構造溫度升高至熔結溫 度,在該溫度下至少部份陶質顆粒會熔結形成類似網狀支 架構造之堅硬、量輕的骨架結構。達到熔結溫度前,希望 將需要以滑泥處理之海綿置於有機物能熱解或燃燒掉之溫 度,留下一個不完整熔結的陶質骨架結構,然後將溫度升 高至熔結溫度。 大多數有機物熱解或氧化的溫度是在約2 0 0 °C至約6 0 0 °C 的範圍内,而大部份與本發明有關之陶質物質的熔結溫度 是在約11 0 0 °C至約1 6 0 0 °C的範圍内。氧化锆和氧化鋁或以
C:\1234\55143.ptd 第12頁 482688 五、發明說明(9) 氧化錯和氧化銘為主的複 質物質,除非支架也預期 可以使用磷酸鈣。用於骨 磷酸鈣,像羥基磷灰石、 物5具生物活性之玻璃, 鈣之組合物。經高度放大 顯示於圖1至5中為1 0,如 定缺口間隙1 4。 可用於形成強硬、堅固 不銹鋼、鈷/鉻合金、钽、 合物是適用於構造元件較佳的陶 生物可再吸收的,在該情況下也 傳導部份的陶質物質實施例包括 氟磷灰石、磷酸三鈣及其混合 骨傳導性水泥和含硫酸鈣或碳酸 部份支撐性骨架的小切面概要地 圖1所示,該骨架具有支架12固 、連續骨架組件之金屬包括鈦、 鈦-錄合金,像鎳鈦金屬互化物 和其他超彈性金屬合金。參考文獻為Itin等人,「多孔鎳 鈦金屬互化物之機械性質和成型記憶」,物質特性[32 ]第 1 7 9- 1 8 7頁( 1 9 94 ); Bobyn等人,「骨骼内向生長動力學和 多孔组移質物質之界面機械學」,第43屆年會會報,橋正 研究學會,第758頁,2月9-13日,1997年,三藩市,加 州;與Pederson等人,「用於治療Avascular壞死之多孑L 钽物質的有限元件特性」,第4 3屆年會會報,矯正研究學 會,第598頁,2月9-13日,1997年,三藩市,加州;全部 内容皆併入本文為參考。金屬可以利用一些製造步驟,包 括燃燒合成,在「多孔」受損上電鍍,化學汽相沉積(見 美國專利第5,2 8 2,8 6 1號),損耗模式技術(見美國專利第 3,6 i 6,8 4 1號),發泡融化金屬(見美國專利第5,2 8 1,2 5 1, 3,8 1 6,9 5 2和3,7 9 0,3 6 5號)及如上述陶質粉末般以金屬粉 末泥漿複製網狀聚合小孔,而形成強硬、堅固、連續的支
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C:\1234\55143.ptd 第13頁 482688 五、發明說明(ίο) 撐性骨架。 適用於本發明之骨傳導和骨引發物質是生物上可接受 的,而且包括該些骨傳導物質,像膠原和包括羥基磷灰 石、磷酸三鈣及氟磷灰石之各種型態磷酸鈣,與該些骨感 應物質,像骨成型蛋白質(如,rhBMP-2 )、軟化骨基質、 變形生長因子(如,TGF - /5 );成骨細胞和已知會引發骨骼 形成之許多其它種類的有機物。骨傳導和骨引發的性質可 以由骨骼、血漿或病人的碎骨或市售物質產生。骨引發物 質,向BMP可應用於本發明物件,例如,藉由將溶有本物 質水溶液之製品浸泡於第I型膠原的稀釋懸浮液内。骨引 發物質,像TGF-冷可以以含有有效濃度之TGF-召的食鹽溶 液應用於本發明物件,或可以在彈性物質中攜帶。 具有互連間隙或空隙之連續的支撐性骨架可以視為主要 的載荷元件,而且骨傳導物質通常比支撐性骨架脆弱。該 支撐性骨架最好如上述般由陶質物質像氧化锆形成。形成 的骨架結構使得間隱或缺口本身的平均厚度比分隔鄰近間 隙的支架厚度寬。載荷骨架基本上是完全連續的,而且本 身呈三次元結構互連,其空隙部份也基本上是完全連續且 本身呈三次元互連。這兩種呈三次元互連部份彼此對照。 這可以稱為3 - 3連接性構造,其第一個數字指其中連接載 荷骨架之次元數,而第二個數字指其中連接空隙部份之次 元數。連接性的觀念稱後詳盡解釋於N e w n h a m等人「連接 性和壓電-熱電複合物」,物質研究會報,第1 3冊,第 5 2 5 - 5 3 6頁(1 9 7 8 ),該内容係併入本文為參考。當本文敘
C: .1234X55143. ptd 第14頁 482688 五、發明說明(11) 述之支撐性骨架是在3次元連接時,骨架本身是3,而空隙 部份依同樣方式處理。相及地,部份熔結的粉末組合必定 含有分隔開的孔或不與所有其它空隙連接之空隙。在緻密 基質中所有孔都分開的物質(即,死端)會有3 - 0連接性。 完全穿過一次元中之基質的有孔物質會產生3 -1連接性, 而兩個垂直面互連但第三面不互連的有孔物質會有3-2連 接性。 在較佳具體實施例中,骨架空隙包括骨傳導物質像磷酸 鈣之三次元連續網狀物,以及也是一種骨架支架和骨傳導 物質間具有彈性且最好生物能再吸收之物質的三次元連續 網狀物,此構造提供3 - 3 .連接性。 支撐性骨架上的空隙大小至少約5 0微米較佳,而且依序 由2 0 0微米至約6 0 0微米最佳。最好實質上沒有低於5 0微米 的小孔或空隙。應該瞭解的是支撐性骨架上的空隙呈無數 不規則形。經由互連空隙或間隙,生物會進行内向生長步 驟而固定在三次元,但骨骼向内生長和血管形成的難題也 因此發生;即空隙與其它空隙間有許多接縫因而使骨架的 通道彎曲。通常,咸信為了適當支撐骨骼長入骨架空隙, 該空隙必須能適應至少約5 0微米橫向大小的組織通道。在 概念上認為,能適應通道並能以一個圓切面和5 0微米橫向 直徑的「螺絲」通過通道並有一個5 0微米空隙的本發明物 質是方便的。由另一方面來看,5 0微米空隙應該能使直徑 5 0微米的球形通過通道。雖然尚無完全可滿足的已知方法 用於測量空隙大小,但檢視本發明物件之橫切面掃瞄電子
C:\123A55143.ptd 第15頁 482688 五、發明說明(12) 顯微攝影圖並將其視為構造的平面投射,而在該顯微攝影 圖上劃上一些線,測量由線交叉形成的空隙,並利用平均 及標準偏差技術來評估空隙大小是可行的。 當氧化錯和其它的陶質物質,用於形成支撐性骨架時, 是非常堅硬的,而且遠比骨骼還硬。雖然希望使用具有較 接近骨骼彈性係數之物質做為支撐性骨架,但本發明之骨 骼替代物使用堅硬物質作用佳。當侵入的骨骼穿入該物件 之生物可再吸收之彈性物質和骨傳導部份時,咸信在以此 種物件治療期間骨路會發生大表面積和深度的基本骨絡癒 合。與發生在小面積之面對面接觸及很少或甚無骨路貫穿 至製品内所發生之骨/陶質癒合形成的結構相比,所生成 之實質上的骨/陶質界面會有一種很容易能以明顯較小張 力程度傳送至陶質骨架或由其傳送的力量。 當所用的骨傳導物質是陶質,如磷酸鈣,且支撐性骨架 是陶質,像氧化锆時,可以利用一些方法製造本發明物 件。支撐性氧化锆骨架結構可以如上述,藉由在網狀有機 物之支架表面上塗被氧化锆滑泥,像聚亞胺酯、聚酯、聚 醚或其類似物之泡沫體,接著升高塗被泡沫體之溫度並去 除滑泥溶劑,以熱解或燒掉有機泡洙物質,最後加熱陶質 使陶質顆粒至少部份熔結。 一旦陶質骨架冷卻,其間隙可以利用一種有機結合劑填 塞磷酸鈣,所生成的產物可以第二次熔結,因此在陶質骨 架間隙内形成内含骨傳導物質網狀組織。當磷酸鈣受熱時 會縮短以致於在陶質骨架形成之支架和内含磷酸鈣網狀組
C:\1234\55143.ptd 第16頁 482688 案號 87116343 五、發明說明(13) 1 一 - 織間形成會產生干擾的空隙。為了確保由骨架中徹底取出 縮短後之磷酸鈣物質,該骨架可以先稍微塗上一種隔離 劑,像石蠟。圖2描繪在支撐性骨架1 2之間隙内,縮短的 磷酸鈣物質1 6和支撐性骨架之支架與磷酸鈣網狀組織間的 空隙或縫1 8。 空隙1 8接著填充如上述有彈性,最好是生物可再吸收的 物質。在此結構中,支撐性骨架由一面延續至另一面,内 含骨傳導網狀組織呈連續且互連,並與支撐性骨架間隙共 伸縮。此外,在一些具體實施例中,會產生干擾的彈性物 質也是連續的,而且與骨架和骨傳導網狀組織共伸縮。圖 3概要描繪在骨架和磷酸鈣網狀組織間形成的彈性内層 20 〇 關於上文,可以利用上述如熔結的氧化#之連續的堅固 骨架,及在骨架間隙形成稍小像磷酸鈣的第二種陶質物質 結構。完全形成和熔結之支撐性骨架在添加第二種陶質物 質之滑泥或糊劑前,支架表面可以塗上像蠟的一層物質, 以防止第二種陶質物質與支架結合,並由支撐性骨架中分 離出第二種陶質物質。由於像磷酸鈣之陶質物質在熔結時 會縮短,所以第二種物質所佔的空隙會比由支撐性骨架周 圍間隙固定的空隙稍小。固定支撐骨架之間隙的支架和磷 酸鈣之間生成的空隙可以填充有彈性且生物上可接受之物 質,像乙醇酸和L -乳酸之共聚物。所生成的物件因此具有 固定許多互連間隙之支架的連續強硬支撐性骨架,位於第 一種骨架間隙内之第二種骨架,和分開骨架並位於其間的
O:\55\55143.ptc 第17頁 482688 五、發明說明(14) 彈性内層。咸信該内層之彈性本質(與相當堅硬的第一種 和第二種骨架相比)至少會將第二種骨架由第一種骨架中 部份分開來,用於分散骨架間的内部負荷。 圖6說明本發明物件之壓縮試驗生成的典型負荷-張力曲 線(曲線A)。該曲線說明檢體並未非常耗損。彈性内層反 而會使檢體内由骨架未耗損部份造成的張力能分散於骨架 其它部份。檢體的耗損是漸進的。當同樣對天然骨骼加壓 時,也會經歷相似的耗損。為了比較,圖6之曲線B說明不 含彈性物質之相似物質的耗損。逐漸耗損的模式也顯示了 當支架塗上彈性聚合物而且無第二種骨架時之情況。 最好第一種支撐性骨架由一種強硬物質,像氧化锆製 成,而第二種骨架由提供骨傳導性質之物質像磷酸鈣製 成,但若需要完全被生物再吸收時,第一種支撐性骨架也 可以是磷酸鈣組合物。 當骨架組件是金屬製成時,能以當骨架組件是陶質物質 製成時之相同方法形成有互連孔的兩部份系統,即,骨傳 導物質可以併入支架内或在金屬支架的間隙内,或在間隙 内發泡且熔結,接著由彈性界面的融合作用形成〜 本文之「彈性」物質係指希望本質是聚合的,而且最好 生物可再吸收的。彈性指的是處於壓力下未顯現易碎耗損 而使物質形變之能力,該形變係欲將壓力分佈於物件間。 彈性物質也可用於支架無法提供剩餘壓縮勁度與促進物件 保持完整物理性質期間包圍支架。最好聚合物質是生物可 再吸收之聚合物,其可以是下列一種或其組合:膠原、聚
C: ,1234X55143.pld 第18頁 482688 五、發明說明(15) (乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、乳酸和乙醇酸之共聚物、聚乙醯胺 基葡糖、聚胺基葡糖、明膠或任何其它可再吸收的聚合 物。此聚合物質可以單獨使用,或能以顆粒或纖維狀生物 可相容物質補強,及包括一種或多種能引發骨骼形成的生 物試劑。膠原和其它聚合物質適用於做為骨引發物質,如 BMP,和各種骨骼生長蛋白質之適宜載劑。當宿主骨骼長 進間隙置換間隙時,生物可再吸收之聚合物質會再吸收。 在形成包括一種塗層之骨架時,有需要加熱氧化鍅骨架 組件至液態滑泥媒液實質上皆經去除而且部份熔結開始的 溫度,此狀況指的是部份熔結階段。在此時,可以應用羥 基磷灰石滑泥或氧化鍅和羥基磷灰石滑泥之複合物,以加 熱去除滑泥溶劑,並將氧化鍅和羥基磷灰石的溫度升高至 溶結溫度並炼結在一起。可以將黏稠度控制劑和發泡劑, 像過氧化氫或壓縮氣添加至磷酸鈣滑泥内。也可以併入纖 維狀的纖維素物質。當注入經基叾粦灰石滑泥之支撐性氧化 錯骨架結構時,加熱會使該滑泥產生氣泡以致於在磷酸鈣 中形成一些較小的孔。進一步加’熱會燒完纖維素物質,使 孔的互連性增加。 . 另一個具體實施例中,滑泥用於塗被聚合網狀物和製造 陶質網狀物之滑泥包含部份支撐性骨架物質(像氧化锆)與 骨傳導物質(像磷酸鈣)。網狀聚合受質係塗上滑泥,曬乾 多餘的滑泥。藉由使物件通過擠壓滾筒或以壓縮空氣衝擊 該物件進一步去除多餘的滑泥。加熱生成的物質以去除溶 劑,熱解有機構成份,並共熔結複合物的兩種成份。在氧
C: 123^^,55143. ptd 第19頁 482688
化鍅-磷酸鈣系統中,骨傳導物質(磷酸鈣)是 , · 7 y ^ ^ 1C §^/ 罐酸妈體積之體積百分比1 0至90的範圍内較佳,而約體 百分比1 0至2 5或體積百分比7 5至9 0更诖,使用足夠的A 導物質係提供與成長中之骨骼有關的骨傳導表面。使^ 遇宜構造,例如體積百分比25的磷酸鈣和75%YSZ(氧化釔二 安定的氧化鍅)。生成的網狀物件具有由兩種物質之緻贫〜 =合物組成的支架。磷酸鈣會在氧化鍅支架表面上出現* 吊―小的島狀物。無論如何,在本具體實施例中,骨傳 盧續曝露於物件中的空隙’而提供與侵入骨有關之骨: :效果。當然’若有需要’支撐性結構可以是1。〇%骨傳: 物質,像磷酸鈣。 n^ 4=::;替;物=數種方法製成適·用於做為骨 二代物之m較佳方法中,利用一般切除儀器 的:小刀、熱線銑刀和其類似物簡單地將有缺口間隙 的有機物質像網狀聚亞胺酯泡沫制 隙 :二包:物貝‘用於任何上述方法中以製造本發明之物 卞。在另——個方法中,有機泡沫 一、 化锆或其它陶質滑泥並加埶去 心的係經塗被氧 「斩& „ ^ ± J,、,,'去Γ-于、浴刎,而使陶質轉變為 中 i狀悲’在彼時成型為所需構造。還有-個方法 已元全炼結之本發明骨I替# · 、 方法傍辟$济 t ^ A·' ^ 此精由標準機械加工 乃去像踞和磨、水注或雷射切除等而成型。 工 若物件之支撐性骨架由金屬萝 、 發物質前經由適當的機械加工能 入“專導或骨引 期金屬物質的孔可以先填入纖:==為預期形狀。預 %和生成的冷凍結構,因此在
482688 案號 87116343 牟Ιί月士 :日 修正 五、發明說明(17) 機械加工期間蠟能支撐金屬結構,接著該蠟容易熔化而逸 出蠟。此步驟特別有用於當金屬骨架組件包括壁非常薄但 空隙缺口大之結構,其支架偶然即可容易弄彎。 在進一步的具體實施例中,本發明物件包括添加了彈性 物質的支撐性骨架,該骨架本身具有相當大的缺口和高空 隙體積,而且藉由熔結附接至第二種有相同或相異物質但 開口較小和空隙體積較小之較緻密結構元件。最好此較緻 密部份實質上充份緻密,即其空隙體積低於1 0 %。較緻密 部份可以是半管狀平板,適用於整個髖骨或膝蓋置換時做 為長骨髓内管中可接收幹的桿狀物,或適用於做為膝蓋假 骨之脛骨盤的平板狀形式。後者物質可以在與第一種部份 有關的薄層中形成,而且所生成的結構與天然骨骼相似處 在於第二種部份與皮質骨類似-一種堅硬、緻密的骨骼外 層-然而第一種部份可以是一些空隙較多的多孔物質,因 而與疏鬆骨較相似。 圖7顯示完全由陶質製成的股骨髖骨幹假骨3 0,該假骨 有一緻密的骨幹部份32,一終止於關節球36處之角頸34, 以及一角肩部份3 8。如圖7所示,肩部份包括具有空隙非 常大之骨架的本發明物件的厚層4 0,由假骨之緻密部份4 2 支撐。當假骨植入病人股骨後,塗層38會促進骨骼向内生 長。 圖8描繪一個具有聯接上表面54之超高分子量聚乙烯之 0 上方平板52的脛骨盤50。該超高分子量聚乙烯平板係由本 發明之緻密物質的平板5 6支撐,平板5 6與向下延伸幹的骨 -5 8 —體成形。本發明之敞式骨架物質以平板6 0的形式顯
O:\55\55143.ptc 第21頁 482688 五、發明說明(18) 示,其係容納於平板5 6底部形成的向下開口隱窩62内,骨 架6 0向下延伸至約骨幹上端,如顯示在相當厚層中的6 4會 促進骨絡在此部位向内生長。 本構造的緻密部份可以由任何常見的陶質成型技術製 備,像滑移淺鑄、調帶淺鑄或塗被和乾燥「泡沫體」表面 上的滑泥連續層,直到緻密層形成為止。乾燥壓榨、射出 鑄模和擠出技術也適用。「新的」緻密部份是經由使用實 質上與用於形成低密度部份之滑泥相似的組成份,或實質 上與用於滑泥淺鑄緻密部份例子中形成緻密部份之滑泥類 似的組成份與「新的」低密度部份接合。本文中「新的」 是指已形成且乾燥成半支撐結構,但其中有機構造物尚未 去除之陶質物質的狀態。緻密部份除了上述物質外,也可 以包括可再吸收之聚合物物質,可再吸收之陶質物質,或 可再吸收之複合物質。 以上敘述集中於具有支撐性、敞式骨架,骨傳導物質通 常與支撐性骨架共延伸並包含於其内,和一種於支撐性骨 架和骨傳導物質間的彈性物質,最好是生物可再吸收之聚 合物的完全成型骨骼替代物。若有需要,骨傳導物質不需 要在支撐性骨架間隙内呈連續狀。本文中,該骨傳導物質 可以是顆粒狀,如圖5之2 2所示,而且可以由彈性物質2 0 載運或包埋於其中。此外,本發明也係關於說明於圖4之 具體實施例,其中如上述之支撐性骨架間隙,該間隙係塗 被有彈性、希望生物可再吸收之物質,塗被之間隙24開口 於物件表面上。在此具體實施例中,塗被之間隙可以在外
C:\1234\55143.ptd 第22頁 482688 、發明說明 科t術期間以磷酸水泥填充。磷酸鈣水泥在間隙内變硬而 由&硬的鱗酸鈣水泥中分離出支撐性骨架之彈性物質係做 為分佈骨架上外部負荷所產生的力量之用。支撐性敞式骨 架也可以塗被彈性物質,但其間隙卻不填充。 本發明可藉由參考下列但卻不受限於此之實施例而更容 易了解: ' 實施例1 "乳化锆滑泥可以由結合下列成份並於聚乙烯容器内利用 氧化鍅培養基以球磨充份使其混合製備: 1 50克部份安定之氧化錯粉末(美國氧化錯經 售)(Zirconia Sales America) 2· 25克分散劑(R〇hm和Haas,產品D-3021) 15克結合劑(R〇hm和Haas,產品名稱β —1〇〇〇)
、〇· 375克界面活性劑/潮濕劑(Air產物蘇菲諾(Sufyn〇i)TM 0 · 2 6 克抑制發泡劑(H e η k e 1 N 〇 p c oTM n X Z ) 36毫升去離子水 將發泡成為每叶1 0 - 8 0個孔的每片網狀令咕取 巧狀日-聚亞胺酯
Cbtephenson和Lawyer)浸入上述滑泥内,*舌令 Ί 亚董覆壓縮土 除内部釋出的氣泡。由滑泥去除空隙後,曬乾多餘# 進一步利用將泡沐體通過一對不銹鋼壓擠滾筒間數^丄 除多餘滑泥。也將氣吹過通道以清潔通道。,^、、w 去 毋'至溫下兹、降 所生成的片狀物,接著達溫度10 0 °c的空中乾燥。者死各 物呈乾燥狀態時,加熱彼等至熱解且去降古n,田片狀 友味有機物(結合
C:\1234\55143. ptd 第23頁 482688 五、發明說明(20) 劑’分散劑,界面活性劑,抑制發泡劑和網狀聚合物泡 沫),然後在約1 40 0 °C的溫度下熔結1小時。上述較佳的溫 度循環包括以每分鐘2 °C的速率升高片狀物之溫度至6〇〇 °C,維持6 0 0 °C的溫度2小時,繼而以每分鐘5 °c的速率升 高片狀物之溫度至1 4 0 0 Ό,並維持在該溫度1小時。接著 將熔爐以每分鐘約1 〇 °C的速率冷卻至室溫。生成的產物即 是堅硬、量輕、多孔的氧化锆骨架或具有約7 6 %空隙體積 之氣化錯網狀物。 繼而將骨架浸入熔化的石蠟内,並完全乾燥至僅留一層 薄增*在骨架之支架上。可注射之鱗酸$弓糊劑係由結合與混 合下列成份製成: 29克 磷酸鈣(粉末) 3. 5克 聚乙稀乳化物結合劑 2克 分散劑(DarvanTM C,R.T Vanderbilt) 3滴 增稠劑(Rohm 和Haas T-5000) 2滴 抑制發泡劑(Η e η k e 1 Ν ο ρ c 〇ΤΜ Ν X Ζ ) 30毫升 去離子水 將糊劑注射至氧化銼骨架的間隙内,並使其於⑽的空 中乾燥。然後在氮氣下溶結該物件至1 3 〇 〇。(3 1小時。所生 成的產物是兩個氧化鍅和磷酸鈣界面有空隙編結成的網狀 物。 第I型的膠原凝膠係由混合2 〇份5 〇毫莫耳醋酸與1份膠原 並經授拌混勻製成。加入等量溶有4 %聚胺基葡糖之稀釋醋 酸。加壓用力將此混合物壓入編結網狀物的空隙内,一旦
C:\1234\55143.ptd 第 24 頁 482688 五、發明說明(21)
乾燥時在這些網狀物間形成膠原/聚胺基葡糖彈性内層。 實施例I I 重覆實施例I,但界面空隙以溶有乙醇酸和乳酸共聚物 填充(AlkermcsTM 「Medisorb」85/15 PGA/PLLA)之乙酸乙 酯的薄層糊劑,與等量實施例I所指的膠原凝膠混合。蒸 發該溶劑以形成這些網狀物間的彈性内層。依溶液的濃度 不同,可以重覆此步驟以建造聚合物界面。 所生成的物件經壓縮張力試驗後,形成如圖6中A顯示之 力量-置換曲線。圖6之曲線B說明不添加彈性内層時相同 產物的易碎缺點。
實施例I I I 如實施例I製成不含後來的蠟塗層之氧化錯骨_架。間隙 以由以1份膠原對2 0份酸的比率,5 0毫莫耳溶有第1型膠原 之醋酸懸浮液製成其中鈣不全羥基磷灰石結晶由前驅物磷 酸四鈣(CA4 ( P 04 )2 0 )和m.onc t i te ( CaHPOj )出現的糊劑填充, (根據TenHui sen等人敘述之方法,生藥物質研究雜誌,第 2 9册,第8 0 3 - 8 1 0頁(1 9 9 5 ),其係併入本文為參考),提供 與圖5中說明類似的物件。 .
貫施例I 如實施例I ,與體積百分比2 5的羥基磷灰石混合,但不 經後來的塗蠟而製成氧化锆/羥基磷灰石複合物骨架。其 支架係塗被乙醇酸和乳酸之共聚物溶液(Alkermes 「Medisorb」75/25 PLLA/PGA)以提供厚度約15毫米的塗 層 °
C:\i234\55143.pid 第25頁 482688
五、發明說明(22) 物件間隙内注入像由一種方法(由Constantz等人,科 學,第2 67冊,(1 9 9 5 )記載,其内容併入本文為參考)窜成 的磷酸鈣水泥糊劑,該糊劑包括溶有者酸單鈣—水合^、 磷酸鈣和碳酸鈣之混合物的磷酸鈉溶液。變硬的糊劑會提 供一種目前由骨骼骨架與其彈性界面所加強適於移植& 生物物質。
實施例V 磷酸鈣骨架係由以如實施例I敘述之磷酸鈣滑泥塗被網 狀聚醋-聚亞胺酯泡洙體製成。所生成的片狀物在空中^ 燥至1 0 0 °c。乾燥片狀物後接著加熱至熱解,並去除有^ 物’在氮氣下以約丨3 0 0 t的溫度熔結1小時。然後將所生 成的鱗酸每骨架塗被溶有乙醇酸和乳酸共聚物 ⑴⑹mcs「Medisorb」75 /25 pLLA/ 二二 在真空下去除溶劑。 虱甲烷。
實施例V I 如實施例I作刹e 骨架。支架姑用乳化锆和羥基磷灰石滑泥製成支撐性 物之溶液的二& J伎,部份間隙以溶有乙醇酸和乳酸共聚 實施例V11 虱烷填充。塗被後,在真空下去除溶劑。 如貫施例丨形成之「 相同組成份之5 ^ 勺」陶質網狀物在炼結前以含有 而且附著到以2 2 t、結合劑和氧化結粉末之滑泥弄濕, 成份的新氧化鈐::質滑泥淺鑄方法由熔結製成的相同紐 狀物會刺激附貝上,後者會刺激彎曲的皮質骨,而網 勺疏鬆骨。網狀部份的支架接著塗被如實
C: ']23七\55i43.ptd 苐26頁 482688 _案號87116343 ,气〇年丨丨月〔ί曰 修正I _ 五、發明說明(23) 施例I I之乙醇酸與乳酸共聚物。 在敘述本發明之較佳具體實施例的同時,應該瞭解本發 明中的各種改變、順應和改良皆不應違背本發明之精神和 申請專利範圍内。 主要元件符號說明 10 支撐性骨架 12 支架 14 間隙 16 磷酸鈣物質 18 空隙(或缝) 20 彈性内層 22 骨傳導物質 24 間隙 30 股骨髖骨幹假骨 32 骨幹部份 34 角頸 36 關節球 38 角肩部份( 塗層) 40 厚層 42 緻密部份 50 脛骨盤 52 上方平板 54 上表面 56 平板 58 骨 60 64 平板(或骨 骨幹上端 架) 62 隱窩
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  1. 482688 六 申 一 ΐ 一用 範種<偏一 *lnc il 1 t · 3 4 3 ---Θ. JI-t •F 丰I 50 正 修 含 包 係 其 件 物 堅 Γ之 :物 Ί代 i替 |絡 ~ 骨 11為 ί做 一於 ,一並 架和, 骨,質 性質物 撐物導 支導傳 的傳骨 硬骨該 強之與 續開架 連隔支 之架該 隙支隔 間該分 連由份 互但部 多内少 許隙至 定間且 固該而 架於運 支含載 有内間 具種其 個一種 力: 壓第 理圍 物範 之利 間專 件請 物申 該據 散根 分2 能 層 内 性 的 丨醯 第乙 圍聚 範、 利糖 。專葡 物請基 合申胺 聚據聚 種根、 一 3原 括 膠 項 項、 件 件 物 物 之 之 糖 葡 基 胺 包 層 内 性 treu- 該 中 其 其 括$ 包 物卜 合酸 聚醇 該乙 中C 物 合 混 其 與 物 聚 共彳 之第 酸圍 乳範 和利 酸專 醇請 乙申 、據 }恨 酸 乳4 件 物 之 項 架 骨 性 撐 支 該 中 其 架 架銹質 質 骨骨 不物物 性性 是導導 撐撐 屬傳傳 支支 金骨骨 亥亥 玄 玄 亥 古口=口 士δ=0=0 中中 中中中 其 其 其 其 其 , , , , , 件件 件件件 物 物 物 物 物 Λν 之之 之之之 ^•㊄^^^ 1± 1X CO 1i 1i 第第 第第第 圍圍 圍圍圍 。範 範 範 範 範 質利 利 利 利 利 物專專。專專 專 質請。請屬請 請。請 陶申結申金申 申鈣申 種據化據種據 據酸據 一根氧根一根 根磷根 ^0 •舌 •舌 · 〇 •舌 · »^51^61^7 8 rT 9 包包 包鋼包 員 茅 是 括 包 質 物 導 傳 骨 該 中 其 〇 件 載之 質項 物4 4第 ^ '圍 ^範 該»J#。 ϊ ί 由」質 專 且主月物 -口 而 質 申 ’康陶 狀Μ種 粒彳一
    O:\55\55143.ptc 第29頁 482688 案號 87116343 年 月 曰 修正 六、申請專利範圍 1 1 .根據申請專利範圍第1 0項之物件,其中該支撐性骨 架和該骨傳導物質是磷酸鈣組成。 1 2 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之物件,其中該物件包括一 種骨引發物質。 1 3 . —種用於形成一骨骼替代物之堅硬物件,用於外科 手術移植且具有一外表面,其係包括一種形成具有内壁固 定許多互連間隙之連續強硬的支撐性骨架之氧化锆和磷酸 鈣的複合物,和一種由該間隙内的該壁載運而且能分散該 物件間物理壓力的彈性塗層。 1 4. 一種用於形成一骨骼替代物之堅硬物件,用於外科 手術移植且具有一外表面,其係包括一種具有内壁固定許 多互連間隙之連續強硬的支撐性骨架,和一種由該壁載運 並塗被該間隙之彈性塗層,該塗層被間隙開口於物件的表 面上以容納其間的磷酸鈣骨骼水泥。 1 5 .根據申請專利範圍第1 2項之物件,其係包括一種磷 酸鈣水泥位於該塗被間隙内。 1 6.根據申請專利範圍第1,1 3或1 4項之物件,其係包括 一種非常緻密的結構元件附接於該骨架上。 1 7.根據申請專利範圍第1 6項之物件,其中該結構元件 包括一種適於做為長骨髓内管中骨幹可接受之桿狀物。 1 8.根據申請專利範圍第1 6項之物件,其中該結構元件 包括一種適於做為膝假骨之脛骨盤的平板。 1 9 . 一種用於形成一骨骼替代物之堅硬物件,用於外科 手術移植,其係包含一個有内壁固定其間含許多互連間隙
    O:\55\55143.ptc 第30頁 482688 案號 87116343 年 月 曰 修正 六、申請專利範圍 之支架的連續強硬的支撐性骨架,和一種位於該間隙間並 包圍該支架以提供支架液壓和壓縮勁度,並且一旦支架耗 損時會促進物件完整性之彈性物質。 2 0 . —種製造一用於做為一骨骼替代物之堅硬物件之方 法,其係包括提供一個具有固定許多互聯間隙之支架的連 續強硬且堅固的支撐性骨架,提供内含於該間隙但由該支 架隔開之第二種堅硬骨架,和提供至少部份分隔該第一種 和第二種骨架並位於於其間且能分散於該物件間物理應力 之彈性内層。
    2 1 . —種製造一用於做為一骨骼替代物之堅硬物件之方 法,其係包括提供一個具有固定許多互連間隙之支架的連 續強硬之支撐性堅硬骨架,提供一種位於該間隙内但由該 支架隔開之固態骨傳導物質,和提供一種位於其間且至少 部份隔開該第一種和第二種骨架並能分散該物件間物理應 力的彈性内層。
    2 2 . —種製造一用於做為一骨骼替代物之堅硬物件之方 法,其係包括提供一個具有許多間隙並貫穿其巨大體積而 固定互連之支架的連續強硬之支撐性堅硬熔結陶質骨架, 提供位於該間隙内的第二種陶質物質,熔結位於該間隙内 之該第二種陶質物以提供内含於該間隙但由該支架隔開之 第二種堅硬骨架,以及提供一種至少部份隔開該第一種和 第二種骨架且位於其間並能分散該物件間應力的彈性内 層 〇 2 3.根據申請專利範圍第2 2項之方法,其係包括在熔結
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TW087116343A 1997-10-01 1998-10-01 Strong article useful as a bone substitute material, and method of producing same TW482688B (en)

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US6296667B1 (en) 2001-10-02
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