TW201938390A - 使用熱噴覆層之多階段接合方法 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
- B23K11/20—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded of different metals
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
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Abstract
本發明描述一種運用熱接合方法以一疊接建構方式接合彼此直接不可焊的至少二種非可焊材料的方法,其中使用由用以在一非可焊材料之表面上施加一熱機械或機械表面保護層的一第一步驟及一第二步驟組成的一兩步驟序列,在該第二步驟中一熱接合方法用以將噴覆層與一所應用之層薄片接合。
Description
本發明對技術現狀之所有非可焊材料組合起作用。非可焊材料組合在此情況下定義為以疊接建構配置的至少二個薄片之相異材料之組合,因此該等材料中之至少一者必須為金屬材料。一金屬熱噴覆層經施加於具有明確界定厚度、表面粗糙度及過渡電阻的不可焊材料(此處為展示焊接缺陷之非金屬材料或金屬材料)之表面上。接著在第二步驟中,遵循焊接方法,因此僅僅熱噴覆金屬層與金屬材料之間的接觸區域焊接在一起。
在每一材料工程領域中,問題係如何在具有相異接合之多材料設計中使用不同材料。目前技術現狀不存在可用之熱焊接方法,僅僅可使用鍵結及機械接合。運用本發明,可使用便宜且快速循環時間電阻點焊接。
在下文中指出彼等目前技術現狀不可焊相異材料組合中之一些及如何運用本發明焊接其的方式。
EP17157773.7專利申請案係關於一種運用熱接合方法以一疊接建構方式接合彼此直接不可焊的至少二種材料的方法,其中使用由用以在一(不鏽鋼)鋼基板之表面上施加一熱機械或機械表面保護層的一第一步驟及一第二步驟組成的一兩步驟序列,在第二步驟中一熱接合方法用以將噴覆層與一所應用之鋁薄片焊接,而在整個材料建構中不具有脆性介金屬相。
DE專利申請案102004025493及102004025492係關於一種用於接合部件之方法、一接合元件及一用於接合部件之部件。兩個或大於兩個接合部份(特別是金屬薄片及/或塑膠薄片)借助於接合元件接合在一起。當接合元件時其可作為鉚釘或螺栓。待結合之部件經提供有開口,特別是提供接合元件可***於其中之鑽孔。該等部份經彼此定位且接著藉由接合元件之軟焊而接合。有利地,其可用作習知焊接或習知焊接槍,但其中與焊接相比,因於軟焊所需要的熱輸入顯著較低。
運用本發明,例如在建築或設計應用中,將金屬與玻璃或丙烯酸玻璃焊接係可能的。為達成此種類金屬熱噴覆層,其必須經施加於玻璃之後接觸表面側上。理想地但未必,熱噴覆層具有與金屬材料相關之類似或幾乎類似的合金。接著在第二步驟中,金屬材料可運用電弧或射束焊接方法,以疊接建構方式與經施加於金屬熱噴覆層上的玻璃焊接。電阻焊接方法係不可能的,此係因為玻璃充當絕緣材料。
當焊接金屬材料與木材、塑膠或纖維複合物(如玻璃纖維、碳纖維、芳族聚醯胺纖維、陶瓷纖維、天然纖維或鋼纖維)時,同一種類特徵(其由如上文所描述之步驟的序列組成)亦成功地起作用。金屬熱噴覆層必須以噴覆元件與非金屬表面之接觸溫度短期低於250℃(更佳地低於190℃)之方式經施加於塑膠或纖維複合物(基質材料)之表面上。另一較佳設計實施例係焊接鋼/聚合物複合材料結構(所謂的包夾結構)與金屬材料。通常聚合物或塑膠材料之核心厚度比薄金屬外部層厚得多。因此,在電弧或雷射焊接方法期間在疊接建構中,被破壞之微結構問題存在,該結構,及由於彼現象,聚合物之特性將被破壞。運用本發明之方法步驟,有可能首先在夾心結構之金屬外層上添加金屬熱噴覆層,此將在以下實際焊接方法期間充當熱緩衝器,以使得聚合物核心材料並不將過熱而高於臨界值。
運用本發明,不僅可能創造多階段接合方法的一種可焊性,其中運用熱噴覆層用於與與非金屬材料接合之金屬材料組合。亦可解決用於焊接金屬材料之技術現狀之問題,其為避免特定溫度範圍以不按目標源之負面方式改變微結構。下文指出此等特徵中之一些。
有可能避免對熱裂開敏感的材料(類似沃斯田鎳摻合不鏽鋼或鎳基合金)中之熱裂紋。熱裂紋經定義為若應變之大小及應變率超過特定臨限值、出現在高溫(高於1050℃)下的材料分凝。在施加金屬熱噴覆層於瀕危材料之表面上(在焊接接觸方向上)情況下,有可能影響瀕危材料之區域中的所得應變及應力(亦變形),以及降低此區域中之局部溫度。熱噴覆層必須為對熱裂開不敏感的相異合金,類似錳摻合沃斯田體或鉻摻合肥粒鋼。瀕危金屬並不與接合搭配物直接焊接。接合僅僅發生在熱噴覆層與接合搭配物之間。有熱裂紋危險的材料/薄片在低於1000℃之溫度情況下僅僅充當熱影響區。此對疊接建構中之全部焊接程序起作用。
液態金屬脆化係一問題,其中液態金屬滲透於固態金屬且因此晶粒間裂紋出現。此問題在用於材料組合(如鋁與鎵、熱可成形鋅塗佈鋼、不鏽鋼、沃斯田鋼或與鋅塗佈材料或硬焊材料焊接在一起的多相鋼)之文獻中係眾所周知的。若非臨界金屬合金作為一層經熱噴覆於瀕危固態金屬之表面上,則鋅或硬焊在焊接或硬焊期間無法作為液態金屬穿透固態金屬之表面及晶界。此方法對於全部焊接方法(如在疊接建構中之電弧、射束或電阻焊接及硬焊)起作用。對於汽車結構應用,其可進一步與混合接合方法組合。
混合接合方法特徵為以連續或同時方式使用至少二個接合程序。此混合接合方法為焊接接合,其中首先藉由在疊接建構中之兩個薄片之間施加非固化黏著劑建立結合。接著在第二步驟中,電阻點焊接經執行並在現有黏著劑連接旁添加材料鎖定連接。另一類型之混合接合方法為鍵結與機械接合(類似夾鉗連接、鉚接或黏性固定)之組合。兩個熱接合方法亦可經組合為混合接合方法:結合GMAW方法之雷射束焊接接著稱作「GMAW雷射混合」。非臨界金屬合金為例如一相肥粒鉻摻合不鏽鋼,其在與鋅塗佈碳鋼之習知焊接在一起之前作為熱噴覆層而施加於沃斯田不鏽鋼上。
運用本發明方法,亦有可能以正面方式影響脆弱金屬(如肥粒體穩定(Ti、Nb)不鏽鋼)之熱影響區中的晶粒生長。通常熔融焊接期間基底材料之熱影響區中之溫度導致晶粒生長。由於較粗糙顆粒導致較高硬化能的事實,熱影響區之硬度顯著增加並展示脆度、快速破裂、較低功率傳輸及較低疲勞特性。
在藉由熱噴覆施加非瀕危金屬合金於此瀕危金屬之表面上的情況下,較低硬度增加以完全避免硬度增加,此取決於熱噴覆層厚度結果。此較少脆弱金屬層可為沃斯田不鏽鋼。
對於不穩定或並未經定義為ELC(超低碳)且因此易受晶粒間腐蝕(intergranular corrosion;IC)影響的不鏽鋼,運用本發明使用熱噴覆層可避免IC。運用穩定層,有可能在並不直接與接合搭配物焊接的IC瀕危基底材料中使溫度下降低於350℃。結果,臨界M23
C6
分凝無法以臨界方式形成,因為所需的臨界起始溫度及時間將降低。類似1.4016之不穩定鉻合金鋼因此係可焊的。在1000℃以上退火跟隨作為後處理之水淬火的解決方案不再需要。另外,熱噴覆層充當腐蝕介質之障壁。此原理亦可用於以必需腐蝕介質可例如由於焊接接縫、由於熱噴覆層而無法攻擊應力區域中之基底材料的方式避免應力腐蝕破裂。
運用本發明方法,可進一步避免可硬化高碳摻合麻田散體鋼及具有大於0.2%C之碳含量的不鏽鋼的冷破裂危險。運用熱噴覆層,可硬化基底材料僅在T<700℃情況下作為低溫度熱影響區被影響。亦可避免延遲之氫氣影響冷裂紋。以相同方式,有可能削弱(undercut)雙重不鏽鋼之475℃脆化。
總結本發明方法,有可能在疊接建構中避免薛佛勒圖指出的不同危險。
運用本發明方法,亦可進一步避免疊接建構中之焊接接縫不規則或內部缺陷,如孔隙率、(收縮)空腔、熔融物的缺乏或冶金引起之微裂紋。
一個實施例為在航空應用之焊接期間孔隙率對鎂的危害。藉由使用另一金屬合金或硬焊材料,疊接可經執行而不具有非所要孔隙率。限定用於航空應用之疊接的另一可能性係在活性氣體情況下鈦之焊接。在技術現狀中,鈦之脆化將跟隨在焊接期間與活性氣體(CO2
、O2
)接觸之後。在運用非鈦金屬或硬焊材料製造之鈦基底材料上具有熱噴覆層將解決此問題。
另一益處可經提及,針對在具有相異材料(尤其在其電化學電位差極高情況下,例如用於在潮濕腐蝕環境中之底盤汽車應用的結合鋁之不鏽鋼)的疊接結構中之腐蝕應力應用。作為重要更貴重材料(>標準電位值E0的0.8V差值)的不鏽鋼將以鋁為犧牲陽極。此腐蝕機制稱為接觸腐蝕、電化腐蝕或實際上雙金屬腐蝕。在疊接建構期間的空隙之情況下,裂隙腐蝕進一步支持負面效應,此係由於增大之離子(氯化物)濃度及較低氧濃度。使類似材料環繞整個空隙將顯著減小腐蝕效應。在所描述情況下,不鏽鋼合金可作為熱噴覆層施加於鋁片上以使不鏽鋼合金僅僅環繞空隙。另外,更便宜(ignobly)材料應具有較大區域以減緩接觸腐蝕效應。因此,使在較大鋁薄片之表面上組合較薄熱噴覆不鏽鋼合金為合理。
此外,當然可使用本發明方法以藉由接縫或焊塊與適當選擇之熱噴覆層之目標合金,改良所建立及工作焊接應用之焊接接縫或焊接焊塊品質。一些實施例係針對汽車構造之電阻點焊接而給出。三薄片組合對於此應用係已成熟但具有挑戰性。此係歸因於物理特性(例如熱傳導),其在存在兩個連接層級的意義上且尤其在第一薄片為較厚沃斯田鋼,中間薄片為肥粒鋼且第三薄片亦為肥粒鋼但極薄以供用於外皮的情況下對於接合全部三個薄片係關鍵的。由於三個薄片之厚度比率及沃斯田鋼將保護熱的情形,在焊接出現在沃斯田體焊塊區域中之飛濺物之前,連接在極薄及肥粒體建構中之第三薄片係僅僅部分可能的。現在運用本發明,有可能施加沃斯田不鏽鋼CrNi摻合層於薄低摻合肥粒鋼上且因此亦將焊接焊塊重定位於圖1所展示之形式上兩個肥粒鋼之區域中。
總之,具有兩步驟序列之本發明方法通常具有降至低於非可焊材料之臨界溫度的目標。藉由使此目標可行,熱噴覆層或實際上自熱噴覆層內之焊接末端至熱噴覆層與非可焊材料之接觸區域的距離(稱作層距離l),充當熱減小因子以削弱特定臨界溫度。藉此,臨界溫度在之前段落中描述的定義為在不存在可焊性情況下的材料相關值。為設計適當層距離l,其可藉由使用公式(1)來計算
l = (A * λ * ΔT)/Q (1)
l = (A * λ * ΔT)/Q (1)
藉此λ為熱噴覆層之熱導率[W/(m * K)],Q為藉由如第二步驟之焊接引入的熱流量[W]且A為焊接面積[毫米2
]。對於接縫焊接方法,A可由公式(2)定義
A = W * L (2)
因此W為焊接寬度[毫米]且L為接縫之長度[毫米]。對於點狀焊接方法(如電阻點焊接),A可藉由公式(3)來計算
A = Pi * r2 (3)
藉此r為半徑[毫米]。
A = W * L (2)
因此W為焊接寬度[毫米]且L為接縫之長度[毫米]。對於點狀焊接方法(如電阻點焊接),A可藉由公式(3)來計算
A = Pi * r2 (3)
藉此r為半徑[毫米]。
在公式(1)內,ΔT根據本發明方法藉由公式(4)定義
ΔT = Tmelt — Tfailure (4)
因此Tmelt 為焊接期間熔融池之熔點溫度[K],且Tfailure 為焊接失敗起始所在的非可焊基板材料之臨界溫度。因此,所計算距離l必須大於或等於臨界距離lc :
l≥lc (5)
接縫焊接方法之熱流量可藉由「每單位焊接長度之能量」E乘以熱效率η來計算:
Q = E * η = (U * I * η)/v (6)
因此U為焊接電壓[V],I為焊接電流[A]且v為所使用焊接速度[毫米/分鐘]。
ΔT = Tmelt — Tfailure (4)
因此Tmelt 為焊接期間熔融池之熔點溫度[K],且Tfailure 為焊接失敗起始所在的非可焊基板材料之臨界溫度。因此,所計算距離l必須大於或等於臨界距離lc :
l≥lc (5)
接縫焊接方法之熱流量可藉由「每單位焊接長度之能量」E乘以熱效率η來計算:
Q = E * η = (U * I * η)/v (6)
因此U為焊接電壓[V],I為焊接電流[A]且v為所使用焊接速度[毫米/分鐘]。
對於電阻點焊接方法,可使用公式(7)
Q = Qi - Ql = (I2 * R * Δt) - (QLC + QLS + QLR ) (7)
因此QA 為由焊接電流I[A]、電阻R[μΩ]之總和及焊接時間Δt[ms]定義的所引入熱量,且QL 為由由於銅電極損失QLC 、薄片損失QLS 及輻射損失QLR 定義的熱損失。
Q = Qi - Ql = (I2 * R * Δt) - (QLC + QLS + QLR ) (7)
因此QA 為由焊接電流I[A]、電阻R[μΩ]之總和及焊接時間Δt[ms]定義的所引入熱量,且QL 為由由於銅電極損失QLC 、薄片損失QLS 及輻射損失QLR 定義的熱損失。
當然,本發明方法亦可用於兩薄片組合並在負載之不同方向改良其準靜態以及動態或衝擊力傳輸,且特別是疲勞與破裂行為可以顯著改良。又,肥粒(或具有肥粒體之多相)鋼上之沃斯田體熱噴覆層的實施例應藉由電阻點焊接與另一低合金化鋼焊接。由於沃斯田體熱噴覆層,所得焊接焊塊亦將由於更延展性破裂行為(如疲勞期間具有較低硬度及較高層級之***破裂)被沃斯田地影響。一般而言,根據薛佛勒之圖,有可能藉由以應用需求的合適之方式使用熱噴覆層影響所得接縫或焊塊。在圖2中,薛佛勒之圖提供關於各種類型微結構的焊接特性之資訊,因此隨其含有何合金元素而變。薛佛勒圖亦以焊接問題分類,具有熱裂開、冷裂開、晶粒生長及脆化之不同區域。圖2中說明運用本發明方法之此技術現狀建構。
另外,亦用於本發明方法中之材料為具有大於0.65%之碳當量(carbon equivalent;CEV)的鋼,其中CEV係藉由使用公式(8)(元素含量重量%)而計算:
CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 (8)
在熱噴覆層特徵為低碳(LC,C≤0.25%)或更佳為超低碳含量(ELC,C≤0.03%)及延展性沃斯田體合金的情況下,有可能避免與基底材料相比較大於50 HV之臨界硬度增加、脆化、冷裂紋及臨界破裂行為。
CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 (8)
在熱噴覆層特徵為低碳(LC,C≤0.25%)或更佳為超低碳含量(ELC,C≤0.03%)及延展性沃斯田體合金的情況下,有可能避免與基底材料相比較大於50 HV之臨界硬度增加、脆化、冷裂紋及臨界破裂行為。
對於金屬與非金屬(玻璃、木材)組合,螺釘或螺栓連接以及結合係可能的,但無熱接合。
對於金屬-金屬組合:亦結合、一般而言機械接合(鉚接、夾鉗連接(clinching)),對於一些金屬(鋁、鎂)摩擦攪拌焊接但僅僅在對接接合建構中。
反之,若所使用/建立之焊接方法運用材料不可能,則材料並不在使用中。一個實施例:吾人之按壓可硬化麻田散體級別(如1.4034,其可高於1850 MPa而硬化)適合於結構車體但並不可焊。因此,1.4034未用於OEM處。
本發明之想法係藉由施加熱噴覆層於具有明確界定厚度、表面粗糙度及過渡電阻的非可焊材料之表面上而形成非可焊材料組合,類如非金屬(玻璃、木材、碳纖維、塑膠)或金屬(銅、鎂、鈦)與(不鏽鋼)鋼或一般非可焊材料(如可焊之高碳摻合(不鏽鋼)鋼)。接著在第二步驟中,遵循電阻、電弧或射束焊接方法。所使用焊接參數必須以僅僅在熱噴覆層與可焊材料之間的接觸區域熔融而不具有在非可焊材料中不可避免之焊接影響現象之方式選擇。
用於點焊接之典型層厚度大於或等於15微米。圖1展示影響參數:非可焊材料(1)具有取決於不應超出的臨界溫度TC
之特定材料/合金。接著(1)經施加有熱噴覆層(2),藉此(2)具有特定用於各別材料組合及應用的合適之熱導率λ2
,其影響自焊接接縫/焊塊至非可焊基底材料(1)的熱傳遞。現在焊接方法(4)或(5)用於運用第二材料(本文中稱作可焊材料(3))焊接(1)+(2),藉此焊接接縫/焊塊僅僅定位在(3)及(2)及其接觸表面/區域中且並不在(3)中。各別焊接方法引入特定焊接溫度TW
於材料組合中。結果,焊接接縫/焊塊具有在(4)/(5)與(1)之間的稱作tw
之定義距離。
運用此資訊,以下關係可經定義,其中Tactual
為運用本發明引入於(1)中的溫度:
TC ≥ Tactual (TW , tW , λ2 ) (9)
基板表面(1)可根據本發明藉由清潔或除油及噴砂處理或珠擊處理來預處理。在彼情況下,用於噴砂處理或珠擊處理之噴砂處理研磨劑亦可由金鋼砂、鋼絲、碳化矽及硬澆鑄礫石或玻璃珠粒組成。
TC ≥ Tactual (TW , tW , λ2 ) (9)
基板表面(1)可根據本發明藉由清潔或除油及噴砂處理或珠擊處理來預處理。在彼情況下,用於噴砂處理或珠擊處理之噴砂處理研磨劑亦可由金鋼砂、鋼絲、碳化矽及硬澆鑄礫石或玻璃珠粒組成。
圖4展示在三層情形下具有不同厚度的層。
關於本發明之熱機械塗佈法可由火焰噴覆、電弧噴覆、電漿噴覆、雷射噴覆、冷氣體噴覆、***噴覆、高速度氧氣燃料噴覆或熔融池噴覆組成。在噴覆方法中,噴覆材料或噴覆消耗品係作為導線、桿、條、繩、粉末或熔融池供應。
在下文參看圖式更詳細地描述本發明,其中
圖1示意性地自側視圖說明兩步驟序列之一個較佳實施方式,其中熱機械或機械表面保護層(2)在第一步驟期間經施加於非可焊材料(1)之表面上。運用以下第二步驟,熱接合方法用以接合噴覆層(2)與經施加層薄片(3),使用電阻焊接之方法為焊接焊塊或接縫(4)或使用射束焊接(5)之方法接合為焊接接縫(5)。作為實施例,熱噴覆層(2)厚度與藉由點焊接(4)達到的直徑之比率低於或等於0.25毫米。
圖2將薛佛勒圖說明為用於合金鋼之沃斯田體及肥粒體形成物之關係的理論背景。對於一個特定實施例,球內部之數目表示所使用非可焊材料(1)、熱機械或機械表面保護層(2)及經施加層薄片(3)的位置。虛線指出其之間的關係,其中黑色球展示所得焊接建構。其可以具有熱機械或機械表面保護層(2)展示,非可焊材料(1)及經施加層薄片(3)的所得焊接點現在在薛佛勒圖之臨界區域中。
圖3示意性地自側視圖針對運用電阻點焊接之方法的不可焊三薄片建構說明與此項技術現狀之方法(圖3內部之左邊圖像)相比的兩步驟序列(圖3之右邊圖像)之另一個較佳實施方式。對於其中薄肥粒體鋼板(例如作為外皮部件)必須經施加有在中間之另一較厚薄片及在另一外側具有沃斯田體微結構的最厚薄片的所謂的黑白組合,技術現狀中由於不同物理特性(左側)並不可能將薄肥粒體薄片接合至其他。在此實施方式中,薄肥粒體薄片為非可焊材料(1)。運用本發明之兩步驟序列的第一步驟,熱機械或機械表面保護層(2)經施加於非可焊材料(1)之表面上。在此情況下,第二步驟由傳統電阻點焊接表示。在此第二步驟期間,現在亦可藉由在該中間薄片與噴覆層(2)之間之焊接焊塊(4)而將該中間薄片(在此情況下代表經施加層薄片(3))接合至噴覆層(2)。在上部厚沃斯田體薄片與中間薄片之間的焊接焊塊(5)將照常執行。作為實施例,包括基板(1)、熱噴覆層(2)、經施加薄片(3)之總薄片厚度可達到1.5毫米直至6.0毫米之間的值。
圖4示意性地自側視圖說明兩步驟序列之另一個較佳實施方式,其中熱機械或機械表面保護層(2)僅用於其中後續電阻點焊接(4)在二步驟序列之第二步驟期間施加的區域。熱機械或機械表面保護層(2)之此定位使用增加一側之經濟效率,且另一側之保護層(2)增加對疊接建構之空隙內部的裂隙腐蝕的抵抗。作為實施例,熱噴覆層(2)之厚度可具有自0.25毫米直至1.5毫米的值。
在下文參看圖式詳細描述本發明,其中
圖1根據本發明之先前技術中所描述而說明,其中技術現狀位於左側且本發明方法在右側說明,
圖2根據本發明之先前技術中所描述而說明薛佛勒圖之關係提供關於各種類型微結構的焊接特性之資訊,
圖3展示影響參數,
圖4示意性地自側視圖說明具有本發明之鋁平坦薄片的電阻點焊接熱噴覆鋁層之另一個較佳實施方式,側視圖中展示具有另一鋁平坦薄片的焊接熱噴覆層/不鏽鋼。
Claims (12)
- 一種運用熱接合方法以一疊接建構方式接合彼此直接不可焊的至少二種非可焊材料的方法,其特徵在於使用由用以在一非可焊材料(1)之表面上施加一熱機械或機械表面保護層的一第一步驟及一第二步驟組成的一兩步驟序列,在該第二步驟中一熱接合方法用以將一噴覆層(2)與一經施加層薄片(3)接合。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該表面保護層係藉由一熱噴覆方法進行。
- 如請求項1至2中任一項所述之方法,其中該熱噴覆層(2)為金屬基合金或金屬與碳化物之一組合。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之方法,其中該熱噴覆層(2)藉由如焊接結合、點焊接、凸焊或輥縫焊接之一電阻焊接方法與該經施加薄片(3)焊接。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項所述之方法,其中該熱噴覆層(2)厚度與達到之點焊接(4)直徑之比率低於或等於0.25毫米。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項所述之方法,其中包括該基板(1)、該熱噴覆層(2)、該經施加薄片(3)的總薄片厚度係在1.5毫米直至6.0毫米之間。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項所述之方法,其中該熱噴覆層(2)之該厚度係自0.25毫米直至1.5毫米。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項所述之方法,其中該基板(1)表面係藉由清潔及噴砂處理而預處理。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項所述之方法,其中該層(2)具有與金屬材料相關之類似合金。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項所述之方法,其中該混合接合方法為結合與機械接合之組合。
- 如請求項1至10中任一項所述之方法,其中該熱噴覆層充當用於腐蝕介質之一障壁。
- 一種運用熱接合方法以一疊接建構方式接合彼此直接不可焊的至少二種非可焊材料的用途,其特徵在於使用由用以在一非可焊材料(1)之表面上施加一熱機械或機械表面保護層的一第一步驟及一第二步驟組成的一兩步驟序列,在該第二步驟中一熱接合方法用以將一噴覆層(2)與一經施加層薄片(3)接合。
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