TW201936393A - 層合玻璃用中間膜及層合玻璃 - Google Patents
層合玻璃用中間膜及層合玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201936393A TW201936393A TW108104083A TW108104083A TW201936393A TW 201936393 A TW201936393 A TW 201936393A TW 108104083 A TW108104083 A TW 108104083A TW 108104083 A TW108104083 A TW 108104083A TW 201936393 A TW201936393 A TW 201936393A
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- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- layer
- cured product
- intermediate film
- resin
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Classifications
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
- B32B17/10577—Surface roughness
- B32B17/10587—Surface roughness created by embossing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract
本發明提供一種可於10℃~30℃之寬廣溫度範圍內提高隔音性之層合玻璃用中間膜。
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜係具有1層構造或2層以上之構造者,且具備包含硬化物之層,上述硬化物為使光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物,且上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-50℃以上且30℃以下,且上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ為2.0以上。
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜係具有1層構造或2層以上之構造者,且具備包含硬化物之層,上述硬化物為使光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物,且上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-50℃以上且30℃以下,且上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ為2.0以上。
Description
本發明係關於一種用以獲得層合玻璃之層合玻璃用中間膜。又,本發明係關於一種使用上述層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃。
層合玻璃即便受到外部衝擊而破損,玻璃碎片之飛散量亦較少,安全性優異。因此,上述層合玻璃被廣泛地用於汽車、軌道車輛、飛機、船舶及建築物等。上述層合玻璃係藉由在2個玻璃板之間夾入層合玻璃用中間膜而製造。
作為上述層合玻璃用中間膜之一例,於下述專利文獻1中揭示有一種具備隔音層之中間膜,該隔音層係由含有選自熱塑性樹脂及熱硬化性樹脂之至少1種樹脂(a1)之組合物(A)所形成。對將上述組合物成形為厚度0.8 mm之片材之動態黏彈性於頻率0.3 Hz且拉伸模式下進行測定,此時獲得之tanδ於溫度TA
(℃)下具有極大值。於上述動態黏彈性之測定中,TA
(℃)為-50~50℃之範圍內,TA
(℃)下之tanδ為2.5以上。
於專利文獻1中,作為上述熱塑性樹脂,可列舉:聚乙烯醇縮醛、聚乙烯醇、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚羧酸乙烯酯、烯烴-羧酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚胺基甲酸酯彈性體、聚酯彈性體、苯乙烯-二烯嵌段共聚物、及氯化聚烯烴。作為上述熱硬化性樹脂,可列舉:環氧系樹脂、酚系樹脂、胺基甲酸酯系樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、及不飽和聚酯系樹脂。
又,於專利文獻1中,記載有上述中間膜之隔音性提高。於專利文獻1之實施例中,作為在0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃及40℃之溫度下之聲音穿透損失之測定結果,記載有聲音穿透損失之平均值最大之溫度、及於聲音穿透損失之平均值最大之溫度下之聲音穿透損失(複數個頻率下之平均值)。
又,於下述專利文獻2中揭示有一種層合玻璃中間膜用光硬化性樹脂組合物。該光硬化性樹脂組合物含有(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物、甲基丙烯酸系單體、及光聚合起始劑。於專利文獻2中記載有可獲得於施加有來自外部之衝擊時不易破裂之層合玻璃。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]WO2017/170259A1
[專利文獻2]WO2017/209013A1
[專利文獻2]WO2017/209013A1
[發明所欲解決之問題]
使用中間膜之層合玻璃可於各種溫度環境下使用。先前之使用中間膜之層合玻璃存在無法於寬廣之溫度範圍內提高隔音性之情況。即便為特定之1個溫度下之隔音性較高之層合玻璃,若於與該溫度不同之溫度下使用層合玻璃,則存在隔音性降低之情況。
又,於專利文獻1中記載有上述中間膜之隔音性提高。然而,於專利文獻1中,對0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃及40℃之溫度下之聲音穿透損失進行了評價,但另一方面,並未記載於複數個溫度之全部溫度下之聲音穿透損失之結果。於專利文獻1中,於寬廣溫度範圍內隔音性提高之情況並未由實施例揭示。
又,於專利文獻2中,關於上述光硬化性樹脂組合物,記載有可獲得於施加有來自外部之衝擊時不易破裂之層合玻璃,但關於隔音性未作記載。
本發明之目的在於提供一種可於10℃~30℃之寬廣溫度範圍內提高隔音性之層合玻璃用中間膜。又,本發明之目的亦在於提供一種使用上述層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃。
[解決問題之技術手段]
[解決問題之技術手段]
根據本發明之較廣態樣,提供一種層合玻璃用中間膜(以下有時記載為中間膜),其係具有1層構造或2層以上之構造者,上述中間膜具備包含硬化物之層,上述硬化物為使光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物、或使具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物,上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-50℃以上且30℃以下,且上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ為2.0以上。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,上述硬化物係使光硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,上述包含硬化物之層於100℃下之儲存模數G'為5.0×103
Pa以上。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-30℃以上且20℃以下。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,該中間膜係具有2層以上之構造之層合玻璃用中間膜,上述中間膜具備包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,其係具有2層以上之構造之層合玻璃用中間膜,上述中間膜具備包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層,上述中間膜於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層之tanδ之波峰溫度為-100℃以上且100℃以下,上述中間膜於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中之上述包含硬化物之層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ相對於包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ的比為2.0以上且10.0以下。
根據本發明之較廣態樣,提供一種層合玻璃,其具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及上述層合玻璃用中間膜,且於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間配置有上述層合玻璃用中間膜。
[發明之效果]
[發明之效果]
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具有1層構造或2層以上之構造。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具備包含硬化物之層。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中,上述硬化物為使光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物、或使具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中,上述硬化物於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-50℃以上且30℃以下,且上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ為2.0以上。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜由於具備上述構成,故而可於10℃~30℃之寬廣溫度範圍內提高隔音性。
以下,對本發明進行詳細說明。
(層合玻璃用中間膜)
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜(以下有時記載為中間膜)具有1層構造或2層以上之構造。
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜(以下有時記載為中間膜)具有1層構造或2層以上之構造。
本發明之中間膜具備包含硬化物之層。於本發明之中間膜中,上述硬化物為使光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物、或使具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物。
於本發明之中間膜中,上述硬化性化合物可為光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物,亦可為具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物。又,具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物可為光硬化性化合物,可為濕氣硬化性化合物,亦可為不同於光硬化性化合物及濕氣硬化性化合物兩者之硬化性化合物。一般而言,具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物由於具有(甲基)丙烯醯基,故而藉由光之照射進行硬化。
上述包含硬化物之層中所含之上述硬化物一般為樹脂。因此,有時將上述包含硬化物之層記載為第1樹脂層。
於本發明之中間膜中,上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-50℃以上且30℃以下,且上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(1)為2.0以上。
本發明之中間膜由於具備上述構成,故而可於10℃~30℃之寬廣溫度範圍內提高隔音性。例如並非於10℃、20℃、及30℃中之1種溫度下,而係於該等3種所有之溫度下均可提高隔音性。因此,關於本發明之中間膜,即便於各種溫度環境下使用利用該中間膜之層合玻璃,亦可發揮較高之隔音性。
又,於本發明之中間膜中,塑化劑或其他添加物之移行較少,進而即便該等成分發生移行,由於相溶性良好,故而亦不易因保管而降低透明性,即便保管中間膜,霧度亦不易變化。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層之上述tanδ之波峰溫度較佳為-45℃以上,更佳為-40℃以上,進而較佳為-35℃以上,進而較佳為-30℃以上,進而更佳為-25℃以上,尤佳為-20℃以上,最佳為-10℃以上。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層之上述tanδ之波峰溫度較佳為25℃以下,更佳為20℃以下,進而較佳為15℃以下,尤佳為10℃以下。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層之上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(1)較佳為2.2以上,更佳為2.4以上,進而較佳為2.5以上,尤佳為2.6以上,進而較佳為2.8以上,進而更佳為3.0以上。上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(1)之上限並無限定。上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(1)亦可為6以下。若上述tanδ(1)為上述下限以上,則250 Hz~1000 Hz之低頻率區域以下之隔音性進一步提高,於將該中間膜用於汽車等時引擎音得以減輕。
上述包含硬化物之層於100℃下之儲存模數G'較佳為5.0×103
Pa以上,更佳為1.0×104
Pa以上,進而較佳為2.0×104
Pa以上,進而較佳為3.0×104
Pa以上,進而更佳為4.0×104
Pa以上,尤佳為5.0×104
Pa以上。若上述包含硬化物之層於100℃下之儲存模數G'為上述下限以上,則於寬廣溫度範圍內隔音性進一步提高。又,若上述包含硬化物之層於100℃下之儲存模數G'為上述下限以上,則5000 Hz~10000 Hz之高頻率區域之隔音性進一步提高,於將該中間膜用於汽車等時道路聲音得以減輕。
就提高上述包含硬化物之層之硬化均一性,於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述硬化性化合物較佳為光硬化性化合物,較佳為具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物。就提高上述包含硬化物之層之硬化均一性,於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述硬化物較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述中間膜較佳為具備包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層。上述包含樹脂之層中所含之樹脂較佳為熱硬化性化合物之硬化物或熱塑性樹脂。於上述樹脂為硬化性化合物之硬化物之情形時,上述硬化性化合物較佳為熱硬化性化合物。
有時將包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層記載為第2樹脂層。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度較佳為-100℃以上,且較佳為100℃以下。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)之上述tanδ之波峰溫度較佳為-90℃以上,更佳為-80℃以上,且較佳為90℃以下,更佳為80℃以下。
對具備包含與硬化物不同之樹脂之層的具有2層以上之構造之中間膜進行黏彈性測定。將上述中間膜於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中之上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)之tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(1)相對於包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)之tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(2)的比設為比(tanδ(1)/tanδ(2))。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述比(tanδ(1)/tanδ(2))較佳為2.0以上,且較佳為10.0以下。
上述比(tanδ(1)/tanδ(2))較佳為2.2以上,更佳為2.3以上,進而較佳為2.4以上,進而較佳為2.5以上,進而更佳為2.6以上,進而更佳為2.7以上,尤佳為2.8以上,尤其更佳為2.9以上,最佳為3.0以上。上述比(tanδ(1)/tanδ(2))較佳為9.0以下,更佳為8.0以下,進而較佳為7.0以下,進而較佳為6.0以下,最佳為5.0以下。若上述比(tanδ(1)/tanδ(2))為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則可於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性。
具體而言,上述黏彈性測定係藉由如下方式測定。
將試片於室溫23±2℃、濕度25±5%之環境下保管12小時後,立即使用動態黏彈性測定裝置測定黏彈性。於剪切模式下,於以3℃/min之升溫速度使溫度自-50℃上升至200℃之條件、以及頻率1 Hz及應變1%之條件下進行測定。
作為上述動態黏彈性測定裝置,可列舉IT Meter. and Control公司製造之黏彈性測定裝置「DVA-200」等。
亦可使用中間膜本身進行黏彈性測定。於該情形時,亦可自測定結果讀取源自上述包含硬化物之層之tanδ之波峰、或源自上述包含樹脂之層之tanδ之波峰等。又,於中間膜為具有2層以上之構造之多層中間膜之情形時,亦可將各層剝離而進行黏彈性測定。又,於層合玻璃之情形時,亦可利用液態氮等將層合玻璃冷卻後將層合玻璃構件與中間膜剝離,使用所剝離之中間膜進行黏彈性測定。
又,例如若上述包含硬化物之層之厚度為0.3 mm以上且2 mm以下,則可直接使用上述包含硬化物之層作為試片,而容易地進行黏彈性測定。於上述包含硬化物之層之厚度未達0.3 mm之情形時,亦可將上述包含硬化物之層重疊複數片、或另外製作僅調整厚度之包含硬化物之層,而使用厚度為0.3 mm以上且2 mm以下之試片進行黏彈性測定。於上述包含硬化物之層之厚度超過2 mm之情形時,亦可將上述包含硬化物之層進行切片、或進行壓製、或另外製作僅調整厚度之包含硬化物之層,而使用厚度為0.3 mm以上且2 mm以下之試片進行黏彈性測定。
上述包含樹脂之層之黏彈性測定可變更試片,藉由與上述包含硬化物之層之黏彈性測定相同之方式進行測定。
上述包含硬化物之層於100℃下之儲存模數G'可藉由上述包含硬化物之層之黏彈性測定進行測定。
本發明之中間膜可具有1層構造,亦可具有2層以上之構造。本發明之中間膜可具有2層構造,亦可具有3層以上之構造。
本發明之中間膜亦可具有僅第1層之1層構造。於該情形時,第1層為上述包含硬化物之層。
就有效地提高隔音性及各層間之接著性之觀點而言,本發明之中間膜亦可具備第1層、及配置於上述第1層之第1表面側之第2層。於該情形時,上述第1層較佳為上述包含硬化物之層。
就有效地提高隔音性及各層間之接著性之觀點而言,本發明之中間膜可具備第1層、及配置於上述第1層之第1表面側之第2層,亦可進而具備配置於上述第1層之與上述第1表面側相反之第2表面側之第3層。於該情形時,上述第1層較佳為上述包含硬化物之層。
就有效地提高隔音性及中間膜與玻璃之間之接著性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層較佳為不為中間膜之表面層,較佳為中間膜之中間層。但,上述包含硬化物之層亦可為中間膜之表面層。
就提高層合玻璃之透明性之觀點而言,上述中間膜之可見光透過率較佳為70%以上,更佳為80%以上,進而較佳為85%以上。
上述可見光透過率係使用分光光度計(Hitachi-Hightech公司製造之「U-4100」),依據JIS R3211:1998,於波長380~780 nm下進行測定。
上述中間膜之可見光透過率亦可於2塊透明玻璃之間配置中間膜後進行測定。上述透明玻璃之厚度較佳為2.0 mm。
以下,一面參照圖示,一面對本發明之具體實施形態進行說明。
圖1係模式性地表示本發明之第1實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜的剖視圖。
圖1所示之中間膜11係具有2層以上之構造之多層中間膜。具體而言,中間膜11具有3層構造。中間膜11可用於獲得層合玻璃。中間膜11為層合玻璃用中間膜。中間膜11具備第1層1、第2層2、及第3層3。於第1層1之第1表面1a側配置、積層有第2層2。於第1層1之與第1表面1a相反之第2表面1b側配置、積層有第3層3。第1層1為中間層。第2層2及第3層3分別為保護層,於本實施形態中為表面層。第1層1被配置、夾入至第2層2與第3層3之間。因此,中間膜11具有依序積層有第2層2、第1層1及第3層3之多層構造(第2層2/第1層1/第3層3)。
於中間膜11中,第1層1較佳為上述包含硬化物之層。可第2層2為上述包含硬化物之層,亦可第3層3為上述包含硬化物之層。
再者,於第2層2與第1層1之間、及第1層1與第3層3之間亦可分別配置有其他層。第2層2與第1層1、及第1層1與第3層3較佳為分別直接積層。作為其他層,可列舉接著層。
圖2係模式性地表示本發明之第2實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜的剖視圖。
圖2所示之中間膜11A係具有1層構造之單層中間膜。中間膜11A為第1層。中間膜11A係用以獲得層合玻璃。中間膜11A為層合玻璃用中間膜。
於中間膜11A中,中間膜11A本身為上述包含硬化物之層。
以下,對本發明之中間膜、上述包含硬化物之層、上述包含樹脂之層、上述第1層、上述第2層及上述第3層之詳情、以及用於中間膜之各成分之詳情進行說明。
(用以形成包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)中之硬化物的硬化性化合物及硬化物)
上述中間膜具備上述包含硬化物之層。用以形成上述包含硬化物之層中之上述硬化物的硬化性化合物為光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物。
上述中間膜具備上述包含硬化物之層。用以形成上述包含硬化物之層中之上述硬化物的硬化性化合物為光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物。
上述硬化性化合物較佳為具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物,更佳為(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物。
上述(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物較佳為包含具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物之聚合性組合物之聚合物。上述聚合性組合物包含聚合成分。為了有效地形成上述包含硬化物之層中之上述硬化物,上述聚合性組合物亦可含有光反應起始劑。上述聚合性組合物亦可含有光反應起始劑以及用以促進硬化反應之助劑。作為上述具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物之代表例,可列舉(甲基)丙烯酸酯。上述(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物較佳為聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
為了有效地獲得本發明之效果,上述聚合成分較佳為包含具有脂環結構之(甲基)丙烯酸酯、具有環狀醚結構之(甲基)丙烯酸酯、具有芳香環之(甲基)丙烯酸酯、具有極性基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯、或側鏈之碳數為6以下之非環式(甲基)丙烯酸酯。藉由使用該等較佳之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可均衡地提高隔音性與發泡抑制性能之兩者。
作為上述具有脂環結構之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可列舉(甲基)丙烯酸異𦯉酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環己酯、丙烯酸雙環戊酯等。
作為上述具有環狀醚結構之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯縮水甘油醚、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羥基丙酯縮水甘油醚、丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯縮水甘油醚、(甲基)丙烯酸5-羥基戊酯縮水甘油、(甲基)丙烯酸6-羥基己酯縮水甘油醚;(甲基)丙烯酸(3-甲基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-丙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-乙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-丁基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-乙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-乙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-乙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-乙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(3-乙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)己酯;(甲基)丙烯酸四氫糠酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-4-基)甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(2-甲基-2-乙基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-4-基)甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(2-甲基-2-異丁基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-4-基)甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(2-環己基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-4-基)甲酯、四氫糠醇丙烯酸多聚體酯;(甲基)丙烯酸四氫-2H-吡喃-2-酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-{1-[(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基]-2-甲基丙基}酯、環狀三羥甲基丙烷縮甲醛丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯醯基𠰌啉等。就有效地獲得本發明之效果之觀點而言,尤佳為(甲基)丙烯酸四氫糠酯、環狀三羥甲基丙烷縮甲醛丙烯酸酯。
作為上述具有芳香環之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可列舉丙烯酸苄酯、苯氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯等。
作為上述具有極性基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可列舉具有羥基、醯胺基、胺基、異氰酸基、羧基等作為極性基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
作為具有羥基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丁酯等。
作為具有醯胺基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如可列舉:N,N-二甲胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、(甲基)丙烯醯基𠰌啉、N-異丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-羥基乙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺等。
作為具有醯胺基或胺基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如可列舉N-二烷基胺基烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二烷基胺基烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺等。
作為具有異氰酸基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可列舉異氰尿酸三烯丙酯及其衍生物等。
作為具有羧基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可列舉丙烯酸、ω-羧基-聚己內酯單丙烯酸酯、2-丙烯醯氧基乙基琥珀酸等。
上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯亦可為具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之多元羧酸酯。作為該具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之多元羧酸酯,可列舉琥珀酸2-丙烯醯氧基乙酯等。
就有效地獲得本發明之效果之觀點而言,較佳為具有羥基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,尤佳為(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥基丙酯、或(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯。
作為上述側鏈之碳數為6以下之非環式(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯。
為了有效地獲得本發明之效果,於上述聚合成分100重量%中,側鏈之碳數為8以上之非環式(甲基)丙烯酸酯之含量較佳為未達20重量%。
作為上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯,除上述化合物以外,例如還可列舉:二乙二醇單***(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-甲氧基丁酯、鄰苯二甲酸2-丙烯醯氧基乙酯-2-羥基丙酯、鄰苯二甲酸2-丙烯醯氧基乙酯-2-羥基丙酯;乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚四亞甲基二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2,2-雙[4-(丙烯醯氧基乙氧基)苯基]丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯;三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、磷酸三(2-丙烯醯氧基乙基)酯、四羥甲基甲烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四羥甲基丙烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯及其衍生物等。
上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。上述(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物可為上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯之均聚物,亦可為包含上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯之聚合成分之共聚物。
作為上述光反應起始劑,具體而言,可列舉:2-甲基-1-(4-甲硫基苯基)-2-𠰌啉基丙烷-1-酮、2-苄基-2-二甲胺基-1-(4-𠰌啉基苯基)-丁酮-1、2-(二甲基胺基)-2-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]-1-[4-(4-𠰌啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基二苯基氧化膦、雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)苯基氧化膦、雙(η5-2,4-環戊二烯-1-基)-雙(2,6-二氟-3-(1H-吡咯-1-基)苯基)鈦、2-甲基-1-(4-甲硫基苯基)-2-𠰌啉基丙烷-1-酮、2-苄基-2-二甲胺基-1-(4-𠰌啉基苯基)-丁酮-1、2-(二甲基胺基)-2-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]-1-[4-(4-𠰌啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮、二乙氧基苯乙酮、2-羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮、苯偶醯二甲基縮酮、4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基-(2-羥基-2-丙基)酮、1-羥基環己基苯基酮、2-甲基-2-𠰌啉基(4-硫代甲基苯基)丙烷-1-酮、2-苄基-2-二甲胺基-1-(4-𠰌啉基苯基)丁酮、2-羥基-2-甲基-1-[4-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯基]丙酮低聚物、安息香、安息香甲醚、安息香***、安息香異丙醚、安息香異丁醚、二苯甲酮、鄰苯甲醯基苯甲酸甲酯、4-苯基二苯甲酮、4-苯甲醯基-4'-甲基-二苯基硫醚、3,3',4,4'-四(過氧化第三丁基羰基)二苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4-苯甲醯基-N,N-二甲基-N-[2-(1-側氧基-2-丙烯基氧基)乙基]苯甲溴化銨、(4-苯甲醯基苄基)三甲基氯化銨、2-異丙基9-氧硫𠮿、4-異丙基9-氧硫𠮿、2,4-二乙基9-氧硫𠮿、2,4-二氯9-氧硫𠮿、1-氯-4-丙氧基9-氧硫𠮿、2-(3-二甲胺基-2-羥基)-3,4-二甲基-9H-9-氧硫𠮿-9-酮內消旋氯化物、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基-二苯基氧化膦、雙(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲醯基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦、雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)苯基氧化膦、四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲酯等。上述光反應起始劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
作為上述助劑,可列舉:三乙醇胺、三異丙醇胺、4,4'-二甲胺基二苯甲酮(米其勒酮)、4,4'-二乙胺基二苯甲酮、2-二甲胺基乙基苯甲酸、4-二甲胺基苯甲酸乙酯、4-二甲胺基苯甲酸(正丁氧基)乙酯、4-二甲胺基苯甲酸異戊酯、4-二甲胺基苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、2,4-二乙基9-氧硫𠮿、2,4-二異丙基9-氧硫𠮿等。上述助劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述助劑較佳為苯偶醯二甲基縮酮、1-羥基環己基苯基酮、苯甲醯基異丙基醚、4-(2-羥基乙氧基)-苯基(2-羥基-2-丙基)酮、2-羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮、或四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲酯。
上述聚合性組合物100重量%中,上述光反應起始劑之含量較佳為0.01重量%以上,更佳為0.1重量%以上,且較佳為10重量%以下,更佳為5重量%以下。若上述光反應起始劑之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則光硬化性及保存穩定性更進一步提高。
用以形成上述包含硬化物之層之組合物100重量%中,上述硬化物之含量較佳為50重量%以上,更佳為60重量%以上,進而較佳為70重量%以上,尤佳為80重量%以上。若上述硬化物之含量為上述下限以上,則可更進一步地發揮本發明之效果。再者,用以形成上述包含硬化物之層之組合物100重量%中,上述硬化物之含量亦可為100重量%(全部量)。
於用以形成上述包含硬化物之層中之上述硬化物之硬化性化合物為具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之光硬化性化合物等光硬化性化合物時,為了使該光硬化性化合物硬化,較佳為使用紫外線照射裝置等光硬化性裝置。作為上述紫外線照射裝置,可列舉盒型或傳送帶型等。又,作為設置於上述紫外線照射裝置之紫外線燈,可列舉:超高壓水銀燈、高壓水銀燈、低壓水銀燈、化學燈、金屬鹵素燈、準分子燈、UV-LED等。上述紫外線燈較佳為化學燈、或UV-LED。
於為了獲得上述硬化物而對上述光硬化性化合物照射紫外線之情形時,紫外線照射量(累計照射量)較佳為500 mJ以上,更佳為1000 mJ以上,進而較佳為1500 mJ以上,尤佳為2000 mJ以上。上述紫外線照射量(累計照射量)較佳為20000 mJ以下,更佳為10000 mJ以下,進而較佳為8000 mJ以下。若上述紫外線照射量(累計照射量)為上述下限以上,則可減少未反應單體。若上述紫外線照射量(累計照射量)為上述上限以下,則樹脂之保存穩定性提高。又,上述紫外線照射之照射強度較佳為0.1 mW以上,更佳為0.5 mW以上,進而較佳為1 mW以上,尤佳為2 mW以上。
(包含與硬化物不同之樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)中之樹脂)
上述中間膜較佳為具備包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層。包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)係包含與使光硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物、使濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物及使具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物分別不同之樹脂的層。包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層係與上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)不同之樹脂層。再者,上述中間膜亦可不具備上述第2樹脂層。
上述中間膜較佳為具備包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層。包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)係包含與使光硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物、使濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物及使具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物分別不同之樹脂的層。包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層係與上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)不同之樹脂層。再者,上述中間膜亦可不具備上述第2樹脂層。
作為上述第2樹脂層中所含之樹脂,可列舉熱硬化性化合物之硬化物、及熱塑性樹脂等。上述熱塑性樹脂亦可為熱塑性彈性體。
再者,熱塑性樹脂係若進行加熱則會軟化而顯示塑化性,若冷卻至室溫則會固化之樹脂。所謂熱塑性彈性體,意指於熱塑性樹脂中尤其是若進行加熱則會軟化而顯示塑化性,若冷卻至室溫(25℃)則會固化而顯示橡膠彈性的樹脂。
作為上述熱塑性樹脂,可列舉:聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂、聚酯樹脂、脂肪族聚烯烴、聚苯乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物樹脂、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、離子聚合物樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂及聚乙酸乙烯酯等。亦可使用該等以外之熱塑性樹脂。
上述例示之熱塑性樹脂可藉由調整樹脂之分子結構或聚合度等而成為熱塑性彈性體。
上述中間膜之表面層較佳為包含熱塑性樹脂。具有第2層/第1層/第3層之構造之中間膜中之第2層及第3層較佳為分別包含熱塑性樹脂。
就更進一步提高層合玻璃之剛性之觀點而言,上述熱塑性樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂、離子聚合物樹脂或乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物樹脂。就更進一步提高層合玻璃之耐衝擊性及破裂防止性之觀點而言,上述熱塑性樹脂更佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂例如可藉由將聚乙烯醇(PVA)利用醛進行縮醛化而製造。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇之縮醛化物。上述聚乙烯醇例如可藉由將聚乙酸乙烯酯皂化而獲得。上述聚乙烯醇之皂化度通常為70~99.9莫耳%之範圍內。
上述聚乙烯醇(PVA)之平均聚合度較佳為200以上,更佳為500以上,進而較佳為1500以上,進而較佳為1600以上,且較佳為5000以下,更佳為4000以下,進而較佳為3500以下,尤佳為3000以下。若上述平均聚合度為上述下限以上,則層合玻璃之耐貫通性更進一步提高。若上述平均聚合度為上述上限以下,則容易形成中間膜。
上述聚乙烯醇之平均聚合度可藉由依據JIS K6726「聚乙烯醇試驗方法」之方法而求出。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂所含之縮醛基之碳數並無特別限定。於製造上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂時所使用之醛並無特別限定。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中之縮醛基之碳數較佳為3~5,更佳為3或4。若上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中之縮醛基之碳數為3以上,則中間膜之玻璃轉移溫度充分地降低。
上述醛並無特別限定。通常可適宜地使用碳數為1~10之醛。作為上述碳數為1~10之醛,例如可列舉:甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、正丁醛、異丁醛、正戊醛、2-乙基丁醛、正己醛、正辛醛、正壬醛、正癸醛、甲醛、乙醛及苯甲醛等。較佳為丙醛、正丁醛、異丁醛、正己醛或正戊醛,更佳為丙醛、正丁醛或異丁醛,進而較佳為正丁醛。上述醛可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之羥基之含有率(羥基量)較佳為15莫耳%以上,更佳為18莫耳%以上,且較佳為40莫耳%以下,更佳為35莫耳%以下。若上述羥基之含有率為上述下限以上,則中間膜之接著力更進一步提高。又,若上述羥基之含有率為上述上限以下,則中間膜之柔軟性提高,中間膜之操作變得容易。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之羥基之含有率係以百分率表示羥基所鍵結之伸乙基量除以主鏈之全部伸乙基量所求出之莫耳分率所得之值。上述羥基所鍵結之伸乙基量例如可依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」進行測定。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之乙醯化度較佳為0.01莫耳%以上,更佳為0.5莫耳%以上,且較佳為10莫耳%以下,更佳為2莫耳%以下。若上述乙醯化度為上述下限以上,則聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑之相溶性提高。若上述乙醯化度為上述上限以下,則中間膜及層合玻璃之耐濕性提高。
上述乙醯化度係以百分率表示乙醯基所鍵結之伸乙基量除以主鏈之全部伸乙基量所求出之莫耳分率所得之值。上述乙醯基所鍵結之伸乙基量例如可依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」進行測定。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之縮醛化度(於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂之情形時為丁醛化度)較佳為55莫耳%以上,更佳為60莫耳%以上,且較佳為75莫耳%以下,更佳為71莫耳%以下。若上述縮醛化度為上述下限以上,則聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑之相溶性提高。若上述縮醛化度為上述上限以下,則用以製造聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂所需之反應時間縮短。
上述縮醛化度係以如下方式求出。首先,求出自主鏈之全部伸乙基量減去羥基所鍵結之伸乙基量與乙醯基所鍵結之伸乙基量所得之值。用所得之值除以主鏈之全部伸乙基量而求出莫耳分率。將該莫耳分率以百分率所表示之值為縮醛化度。
再者,上述羥基之含有率(羥基量)、縮醛化度(丁醛化度)及乙醯化度較佳為根據藉由依照JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得之結果而算出。但,亦可使用基於ASTM D1396-92之測定。於聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂之情形時,上述羥基之含有率(羥基量)、上述縮醛化度(丁醛化度)及上述乙醯化度可根據藉由依照JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得之結果而算出。
(黏著賦予樹脂)
上述中間膜較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述包含樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述第1層較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述黏著賦予樹脂可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述中間膜較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述包含樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述第1層較佳為包含黏著賦予樹脂。上述黏著賦予樹脂可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
作為上述黏著賦予樹脂,可列舉:苯乙烯樹脂、萜烯樹脂、及松香樹脂等。就良好地保持霧度並且於寬廣溫度範圍內提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述黏著賦予樹脂較佳為苯乙烯樹脂。上述苯乙烯樹脂較佳為苯乙烯之低聚物。作為上述苯乙烯之低聚物之市售品,例如可列舉Yasuhara Chemical公司製造之「YS resin SX100」等。
於包含黏著賦予樹脂之樹脂層中,黏著賦予樹脂相對於該樹脂層所含之除該黏著賦予樹脂以外之樹脂100重量份之含量較佳為10重量份以上,更佳為20重量份以上,進而較佳為30重量份以上,且較佳為150重量份以下,更佳為100重量份以下。若上述黏著賦予樹脂之含量為上述下限以上,則可良好地保持霧度,並且於寬廣溫度範圍內提高隔音性。
(塑化劑)
上述中間膜較佳為包含塑化劑。就有效地提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)較佳為包含塑化劑。上述包含樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)較佳為包含塑化劑。上述第1層較佳為包含塑化劑。上述第2層較佳為包含塑化劑。上述第3層較佳為包含塑化劑。藉由使用塑化劑,有各層間之接著力更進一步提高之傾向。上述塑化劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述中間膜較佳為包含塑化劑。就有效地提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)較佳為包含塑化劑。上述包含樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)較佳為包含塑化劑。上述第1層較佳為包含塑化劑。上述第2層較佳為包含塑化劑。上述第3層較佳為包含塑化劑。藉由使用塑化劑,有各層間之接著力更進一步提高之傾向。上述塑化劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
作為上述塑化劑,可列舉石蠟油、苯甲酸酯塑化劑、有機酯塑化劑、有機磷酸塑化劑等。作為上述有機酯塑化劑,可列舉一元有機酸酯及多元有機酸酯等。作為上述磷酸塑化劑,可列舉有機磷酸塑化劑及有機亞磷酸塑化劑等。上述塑化劑較佳為液狀塑化劑。
作為上述石蠟油,可列舉環烷系加工處理油、白色礦物油、礦物油、石蠟及液態石蠟等。
作為上述石蠟油之市售品,可列舉出光興產公司製造之「Diana Process Oil PW-90」、出光興產公司製造之「Diana Process Oil PW-100」及出光興產公司製造之「Diana Process Oil PW-32」等。
作為上述有機酯塑化劑,可列舉:三乙二醇二(2-乙基丙酸酯)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)、三乙二醇二辛酸酯、三乙二醇二正辛酸酯、三乙二醇二正庚酸酯、四乙二醇二正庚酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、壬二酸二辛酯、二丁基卡必醇己二酸酯、乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、1,3-丙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、1,4-丁二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、二乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、二乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)、二丙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基戊酸酯)、四乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、二乙二醇二辛酸酯、順丁烯二酸二丁酯、己二酸雙(2-丁氧基乙酯)、己二酸二丁酯、己二酸二異丁酯、己二酸2,2-丁氧基乙氧基乙酯、苯甲酸乙二醇酯、己二酸1,3-丁二醇聚酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸己酯環己酯、己二酸庚酯與己二酸壬酯之混合物、己二酸二異壬酯、己二酸二異癸酯、己二酸庚酯壬酯、檸檬酸三丁酯、乙醯檸檬酸三丁酯、碳酸二乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯、油改性癸二酸醇酸、及磷酸酯與己二酸酯之混合物等。亦可使用該等以外之有機酯塑化劑。亦可使用上述己二酸酯以外之其他己二酸酯。
於以結構式表示之情形時,作為上述有機酯塑化劑,可列舉下述式(1)所表示之二酯塑化劑。
[化1]
上述式(1)中,R1及R2分別表示碳數2~10之有機基,R3表示伸乙基、伸異丙基或伸正丙基,p表示3~10之整數。上述式(1)中之R1及R2較佳為分別為碳數5~10之有機基,更佳為碳數6~10之有機基。
上述塑化劑較佳為包含三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(3GO)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)(3GH)或三乙二醇二(2-乙基丙酸酯)。上述塑化劑更佳為包含三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)或三乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯),進而較佳為包含三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)。
於上述包含硬化物之層(第1樹脂層)中,將塑化劑相對於上述硬化物100重量份之含量設為含量(1)。上述含量(1)較佳為5重量份以上,更佳為10重量份以上,進而較佳為20重量份以上,尤佳為25重量份以上,且較佳為60重量份以下,更佳為50重量份以下。若上述含量(1)為上述下限以上,則可有效地提高隔音性。若上述含量(1)為上述上限以下,則層合玻璃之耐貫通性更進一步提高。
於上述包含樹脂之層(第2樹脂層)中,將塑化劑相對於上述樹脂100重量份之含量設為含量(2)。上述含量(2)較佳為5重量份以上,更佳為10重量份以上,進而較佳為20重量份以上,且較佳為60重量份以下,更佳為55重量份以下,進而較佳為50重量份以下。若上述含量(2)為上述下限以上,則可有效地提高隔音性。若上述塑化劑之含量為上述上限以下,則層合玻璃之耐貫通性更進一步提高。
(隔熱性物質)
上述中間膜亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述第1層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述第2層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述第3層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述隔熱性物質可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述中間膜亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述第1層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述第2層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述第3層亦可包含隔熱性物質。上述隔熱性物質可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述隔熱性物質可包含酞菁化合物、萘酚菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物中之至少1種成分X、或包含隔熱粒子。於該情形時,上述隔熱性物質亦可包含上述成分X與上述隔熱粒子兩者。
上述中間膜可包含酞菁化合物、萘酚菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物中之至少1種成分X。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含上述成分X。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含上述成分X。上述第1層亦可包含上述成分X。上述第2層亦可包含上述成分X。上述第3層亦可包含上述成分X。上述成分X為隔熱性物質。上述成分X可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述成分X並無特別限定。作為成分X,可使用先前公知之酞菁化合物、萘酚菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物。
作為上述成分X,可列舉酞菁、酞菁之衍生物、萘酚菁、萘酚菁之衍生物、蒽酞菁及蒽酞菁之衍生物等。上述酞菁化合物及上述酞菁之衍生物較佳為分別具有酞菁骨架。上述萘酚菁化合物及上述萘酚菁之衍生物較佳為分別具有萘酚菁骨架。上述蒽酞菁化合物及上述蒽酞菁之衍生物較佳為分別具有蒽酞菁骨架。
上述成分X亦可含有釩原子或銅原子。上述成分X可含有釩原子,亦可含有銅原子。上述成分X亦可為含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁及含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁之衍生物中之至少1種。
上述中間膜可包含隔熱粒子。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含隔熱粒子。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含隔熱粒子。上述第1層亦可包含上述隔熱粒子。上述第2層亦可包含上述隔熱粒子。上述第3層亦可包含上述隔熱粒子。上述隔熱粒子為隔熱性物質。藉由使用隔熱粒子,可有效地遮斷紅外線(熱線)。上述隔熱粒子可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
作為上述隔熱粒子,可使用金屬氧化物粒子。作為上述隔熱粒子,可使用由金屬之氧化物所形成之粒子(金屬氧化物粒子)。
波長較可見光長之波長780 nm以上之紅外線之能量小於紫外線。然而,紅外線之熱作用較大,若紅外線被物質吸收,則會以熱之形式釋出。因此,紅外線通常被稱為熱線。藉由使用上述隔熱粒子,可有效地遮斷紅外線(熱線)。再者,隔熱粒子意指能夠吸收紅外線之粒子。
作為上述隔熱粒子之具體例,可列舉:摻鋁氧化錫粒子、摻銦氧化錫粒子、摻銻氧化錫粒子(ATO粒子)、摻鎵氧化鋅粒子(GZO粒子)、摻銦氧化鋅粒子(IZO粒子)、摻鋁氧化鋅粒子(AZO粒子)、摻鈮氧化鈦粒子、摻鈉氧化鎢粒子、摻銫氧化鎢粒子、摻鉈氧化鎢粒子、摻銣氧化鎢粒子、摻錫氧化銦粒子(ITO粒子)、摻錫氧化鋅粒子、摻矽氧化鋅粒子等金屬氧化物粒子、或六硼化鑭(LaB6
)粒子等。亦可使用該等以外之隔熱粒子。
(金屬鹽)
上述中間膜可包含鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽及鎂鹽中之至少1種金屬鹽(以下有時記載為金屬鹽M。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述第1層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述第2層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述第3層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。藉由使用上述金屬鹽M,變得容易控制中間膜與玻璃板等層合玻璃構件之接著性或中間膜中各層間之接著性。上述金屬鹽M可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述中間膜可包含鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽及鎂鹽中之至少1種金屬鹽(以下有時記載為金屬鹽M。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述第1層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述第2層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。上述第3層亦可包含上述金屬鹽M。藉由使用上述金屬鹽M,變得容易控制中間膜與玻璃板等層合玻璃構件之接著性或中間膜中各層間之接著性。上述金屬鹽M可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述金屬鹽M亦可包含選自由Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr及Ba所組成之群中之至少1種金屬。
又,作為上述金屬鹽M,可使用碳數2~16之有機酸之鹼金屬鹽、碳數2~16之有機酸之鹼土金屬鹽或碳數2~16之有機酸之鎂鹽。
作為上述碳數2~16之羧酸鎂鹽及上述碳數2~16之羧酸鉀鹽,可列舉:乙酸鎂、乙酸鉀、丙酸鎂、丙酸鉀、2-乙基丁酸鎂、2-乙基丁酸鉀、2-乙基己酸鎂及2-乙基己酸鉀等。
(紫外線遮蔽劑)
上述中間膜可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述第1層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述第2層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述第3層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。藉由使用紫外線遮蔽劑,即便長期使用中間膜及層合玻璃,可見光透過率亦不易進一步降低。上述紫外線遮蔽劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述中間膜可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述第1層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述第2層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述第3層亦可包含紫外線遮蔽劑。藉由使用紫外線遮蔽劑,即便長期使用中間膜及層合玻璃,可見光透過率亦不易進一步降低。上述紫外線遮蔽劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述紫外線遮蔽劑中包含紫外線吸收劑。上述紫外線遮蔽劑較佳為紫外線吸收劑。
作為上述紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉:含有金屬原子之紫外線遮蔽劑、含有金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑、具有苯并***結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(苯并***化合物)、具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(二苯甲酮化合物)、具有三𠯤結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(三𠯤化合物)、具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(丙二酸酯化合物)、具有草醯苯胺結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(草醯苯胺化合物)及具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(苯甲酸酯化合物)等。
作為上述含有金屬原子之紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉:鉑粒子、鉑粒子之表面經二氧化矽被覆之粒子、鈀粒子及鈀粒子之表面經二氧化矽被覆之粒子等。紫外線遮蔽劑較佳為不為隔熱粒子。
作為上述含有金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉氧化鋅、氧化鈦及氧化鈰等。進而,關於上述含有金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑,表面亦可經被覆。作為上述含有金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑之表面之被覆材料,可列舉絕緣性金屬氧化物、水解性有機矽化合物及聚矽氧化合物等。
作為上述絕緣性金屬氧化物,可列舉二氧化矽、氧化鋁及氧化鋯等。上述絕緣性金屬氧化物例如具有5.0 eV以上之帶隙能。
作為上述具有苯并***結構之紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉:2-(2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并***(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin P」)、2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-二第三丁基苯基)苯并***(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 320」)、2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并***(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 326」)、及2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-二戊基苯基)苯并***(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 328」)等。
作為上述具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉辛苯酮(BASF公司製造之「Chimassorb 81」)等。
作為上述具有三𠯤結構之紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉ADEKA公司製造之「LA-F70」及2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三𠯤-2-基)-5-[(己基)氧基]苯酚(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 1577FF」)等。
作為上述具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉2-(對甲氧基亞苄基)丙二酸二甲酯、2,2-(1,4-苯二亞甲基)雙丙二酸四乙酯、2-(對甲氧基亞苄基)丙二酸雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基4-哌啶基)酯等。
作為上述具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑之市售品,可列舉Hostavin B-CAP、Hostavin PR-25、Hostavin PR-31(均為Clariant公司製造)。
作為上述具有草醯苯胺結構之紫外線遮蔽劑,可列舉N-(2-乙基苯基)-N'-(2-乙氧基-5-第三丁基苯基)草醯二胺、N-(2-乙基苯基)-N'-(2-乙氧基苯基)草醯二胺、2-乙基-2'-乙氧基-氧基醯替苯胺(Clariant公司製造之「SanduvorVSU」)等具有取代於氮原子上之芳基等之草醯二胺類。
作為上述具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑,例如可列舉3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸2,4-二第三丁基苯酯(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 120」)等。
(抗氧化劑)
上述中間膜可包含抗氧化劑。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述第1層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述第2層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述第3層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述抗氧化劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述中間膜可包含抗氧化劑。上述包含硬化物之層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述包含樹脂之層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述第1層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述第2層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述第3層亦可包含抗氧化劑。上述抗氧化劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
作為上述抗氧化劑,可列舉:酚系抗氧化劑、硫系抗氧化劑及磷系抗氧化劑等。上述酚系抗氧化劑係具有苯酚骨架之抗氧化劑。上述硫系抗氧化劑係含有硫原子之抗氧化劑。上述磷系抗氧化劑係含有磷原子之抗氧化劑。
作為上述酚系抗氧化劑,可列舉:2,6-二第三丁基對甲酚(BHT)、丁基羥基大茴香醚(BHA)、2,6-二第三丁基-4-乙基苯酚、β-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸硬脂酯、2,2'-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙(4-乙基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亞丁基雙(3-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三(2-甲基羥基-5-第三丁基苯基)丁烷、四[亞甲基-3-(3',5'-丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷、1,3,3-三(2-甲基-4-羥基-5-第三丁基苯酚)丁烷、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)苯、雙(3,3'-第三丁基苯酚)丁酸乙二醇酯及二縮三乙二醇雙(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯丙酸)酯等。可適宜地使用該等抗氧化劑中之1種或2種以上。
作為上述磷系抗氧化劑,可列舉:亞磷酸三癸酯、亞磷酸三(十三烷基)酯、亞磷酸三苯酯、亞磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、二亞磷酸雙(十三烷基)酯季戊四醇酯、二亞磷酸雙(癸基)酯季戊四醇酯、亞磷酸三(2,4-二第三丁基苯基)酯、亞磷酸雙(2,4-二第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)酯乙酯、及2,2'-亞甲基雙(4,6-二第三丁基-1-苯基氧基)(2-乙基己氧基)磷等。可適宜地使用該等抗氧化劑中之1種或2種以上。
作為上述抗氧化劑之市售品,例如可列舉:BASF公司製造之「IRGANOX 245」、BASF公司製造之「IRGAFOS 168」、BASF公司製造之「IRGAFOS 38」、住友化學工業公司製造之「Sumilizer BHT」、堺化學工業公司製造之「H-BHT」、以及BASF公司製造之「IRGANOX 1010」等。
(其他成分)
上述中間膜、上述包含硬化物之層、上述包含樹脂之層、上述第1層、上述第2層及上述第3層亦可視需要分別包含偶合劑、分散劑、界面活性劑、阻燃劑、抗靜電劑、顏料、染料、金屬鹽以外之接著力調整劑、耐濕劑、螢光增白劑及紅外線吸收劑等添加劑。該等添加劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
上述中間膜、上述包含硬化物之層、上述包含樹脂之層、上述第1層、上述第2層及上述第3層亦可視需要分別包含偶合劑、分散劑、界面活性劑、阻燃劑、抗靜電劑、顏料、染料、金屬鹽以外之接著力調整劑、耐濕劑、螢光增白劑及紅外線吸收劑等添加劑。該等添加劑可僅使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
(層合玻璃用中間膜之其他詳情)
上述中間膜之厚度並無特別限定。就實用方面之觀點、以及充分地提高層合玻璃之耐貫通性及彎曲剛性之觀點而言,中間膜之厚度較佳為0.1 mm以上,更佳為0.25 mm以上,且較佳為3 mm以下,更佳為1.5 mm以下。若中間膜之厚度為上述下限以上,則層合玻璃之耐貫通性及彎曲剛性更進一步提高。若中間膜之厚度為上述上限以下,則中間膜之透明性變得更良好。
上述中間膜之厚度並無特別限定。就實用方面之觀點、以及充分地提高層合玻璃之耐貫通性及彎曲剛性之觀點而言,中間膜之厚度較佳為0.1 mm以上,更佳為0.25 mm以上,且較佳為3 mm以下,更佳為1.5 mm以下。若中間膜之厚度為上述下限以上,則層合玻璃之耐貫通性及彎曲剛性更進一步提高。若中間膜之厚度為上述上限以下,則中間膜之透明性變得更良好。
將中間膜之厚度設為T。就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層之厚度(每1層之厚度)較佳為0.03T以上,更佳為0.06T以上,進而較佳為0.1T以上,且較佳為1T以下,更佳為0.5T以下,進而較佳為0.2T以下。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含樹脂之層之厚度(每1層之厚度)較佳為0.3T以上,更佳為0.35T以上,進而較佳為0.4T以上,且較佳為0.95T以下,更佳為0.9T以下。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含硬化物之層之厚度(每1層之厚度)較佳為15 μm以上,更佳為40 μm以上,進而較佳為80 μm以上,且較佳為600 μm以下,更佳為300 μm以下,進而較佳為150 μm以下。
就於寬廣溫度範圍內進一步提高隔音性之觀點而言,上述包含樹脂之層之厚度(每1層之厚度)較佳為200 μm以上,更佳為400 μm以上,進而較佳為600 μm以上,且較佳為1200 μm以下,更佳為1000 μm以下,進而較佳為850 μm以下。
上述中間膜可為厚度均一之中間膜,亦可為厚度變化之中間膜。上述中間膜之剖面形狀可為矩形,亦可為楔形。
作為本發明之中間膜之製造方法,並無特別限定。作為本發明之中間膜之製造方法,於單層之中間膜之情形時,可列舉使用擠出機將樹脂組合物擠出之方法。作為本發明之中間膜之製造方法,於多層之中間膜之情形時,可列舉如下方法:使用用以形成各層之各樹脂組合物分別形成各層,其後例如將所獲得之各層積層之方法;以及藉由使用擠出機將用以形成各層之各樹脂組合物共擠出而將各層積層之方法等。擠出成形之製造方法由於適於連續之生產,故而較佳。
就中間膜之製造效率優異之方面而言,較佳為上述第2層與上述第3層中含有相同之聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂,更佳為上述第2層與上述第3層中含有相同之聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂及相同之塑化劑。就中間膜之製造效率優異之方面而言,進而較佳為上述第2層與上述第3層由相同之樹脂組合物形成。
上述中間膜較佳為於兩側之表面中之至少一表面具有凹凸形狀。上述中間膜更佳為於兩側之表面具有凹凸形狀。作為形成上述凹凸形狀之方法並無特別限定,例如可列舉:模唇壓紋法、壓紋輥法、砑光輥法、及異形擠出法等。就可定量地形成一定之凹凸花樣的多種凹凸形狀之壓紋之方面而言,較佳為壓紋輥法。
(層合玻璃)
本發明之層合玻璃具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及上述層合玻璃用中間膜。於本發明之層合玻璃中,於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間配置有上述層合玻璃用中間膜。
本發明之層合玻璃具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及上述層合玻璃用中間膜。於本發明之層合玻璃中,於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間配置有上述層合玻璃用中間膜。
圖3係模式性地表示使用圖1所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
圖3所示之層合玻璃31具備第1層合玻璃構件21、第2層合玻璃構件22、及中間膜11。中間膜11被配置、夾入至第1層合玻璃構件21與第2層合玻璃構件22之間。
於中間膜11之第1表面11a積層有第1層合玻璃構件21。於中間膜11之與第1表面11a相反之第2表面11b積層有第2層合玻璃構件22。於第2層2之外側之表面2a積層有第1層合玻璃構件21。於第3層3之外側之表面3a積層有第2層合玻璃構件22。
圖4係模式性地表示使用圖2所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
圖4所示之層合玻璃31A具備第1層合玻璃構件21、第2層合玻璃構件22、及中間膜11A。中間膜11A被配置、夾入至第1層合玻璃構件21與第2層合玻璃構件22之間。
於中間膜11A之第1表面11a積層有第1層合玻璃構件21。於中間膜11A之與第1表面11a相反之第2表面11b積層有第2層合玻璃構件22。
如此,本發明之層合玻璃具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及中間膜,該中間膜為本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜。於本發明之層合玻璃中,於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間配置有上述中間膜。
上述第1層合玻璃構件較佳為第1玻璃板。上述第2層合玻璃構件較佳為第2玻璃板。
作為上述第1、第2層合玻璃構件,可列舉玻璃板及PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)膜等。上述層合玻璃不僅包含於2塊玻璃板之間夾有中間膜之層合玻璃,而且亦包含於玻璃板與PET膜等之間夾有中間膜之層合玻璃。上述層合玻璃為具備玻璃板之積層體,較佳為使用至少1塊玻璃板。上述第1層合玻璃構件及上述第2層合玻璃構件分別為玻璃板或PET膜,且上述層合玻璃較佳為具備玻璃板作為上述第1層合玻璃構件及上述第2層合玻璃構件中之至少一者。尤佳為上述第1、第2層合玻璃構件兩者為玻璃板。
作為上述玻璃板,可列舉無機玻璃及有機玻璃。作為上述無機玻璃,可列舉浮法板玻璃、線熱吸收板玻璃、線熱反射板玻璃、研磨板玻璃、壓花板玻璃、及夾絲板玻璃等。上述有機玻璃係代替無機玻璃之合成樹脂玻璃。作為上述有機玻璃,可列舉聚碳酸酯板及聚(甲基)丙烯酸系樹脂板等。作為上述聚(甲基)丙烯酸系樹脂板,可列舉聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯板等。
上述第1層合玻璃構件及上述第2層合玻璃構件之各厚度較佳為1 mm以上,且較佳為5 mm以下,更佳為3 mm以下。又,於上述層合玻璃構件為玻璃板之情形時,該玻璃板之厚度較佳為0.5 mm以上,更佳為0.7 mm以上,且較佳為5 mm以下,更佳為3 mm以下。於上述層合玻璃構件為PET膜之情形時,該PET膜之厚度較佳為0.03 mm以上,且較佳為0.5 mm以下。
上述層合玻璃之製造方法並無特別限定。例如,於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間夾入中間膜,通過按壓輥、或放入橡膠袋中進行減壓抽吸,將殘留於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件及中間膜之間之空氣進行脫氣。其後,於約70~110℃下進行預接著而獲得積層體。繼而,將積層體放入至高壓釜中或進行壓製,於約120~150℃及1~1.5 MPa之壓力下進行壓接。如此可獲得層合玻璃。於上述層合玻璃之製造時亦可將中間膜中之各層積層。
上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃可用於汽車、軌道車輛、飛機、船舶及建築物等。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃亦可使用於該等用途以外。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃較佳為車輛用或建築物用之中間膜及層合玻璃,更佳為車輛用之中間膜及層合玻璃。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃可用於汽車之前窗玻璃、側窗玻璃、後窗玻璃或天窗玻璃等。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃可適宜地用於汽車。上述中間膜可用於獲得汽車之層合玻璃。
以下揭示實施例及比較例而更詳細地說明本發明。本發明並不僅限定於該等實施例。
準備以下之材料。
再者,關於聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂,縮醛化度(丁醛化度)、乙醯化度及羥基之含有率係藉由依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法進行測定。再者,於基於ASTM D1396-92進行測定之情形時亦顯示與依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法相同之數值。又,於縮醛之種類為乙縮醛等之情形時,縮醛化度係藉由同樣地測定乙醯化度、羥基之含有率,根據所獲得之測定結果算出莫耳分率,然後自100莫耳%減去乙醯化度及羥基之含有率而算出。
(樹脂)
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(1)(使用正丁醛,聚合度1700,羥基之含有率33.5莫耳%,乙醯化度1莫耳%,丁醛化度65.5莫耳%)
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2)(使用正丁醛,聚合度3000,羥基之含有率24莫耳%,乙醯化度12莫耳%,丁醛化度64莫耳%)
聚乙酸乙烯酯(聚合度2400)
丙烯酸系(PMMA)聚合物(熱塑性樹脂,(Mitsubishi Rayon公司製造,MF001,維卡軟化溫度89℃(JIS K7206),熔體流動速率14.0 g/10 min(JIS K7210,230℃,37.3 N))
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(1)(使用正丁醛,聚合度1700,羥基之含有率33.5莫耳%,乙醯化度1莫耳%,丁醛化度65.5莫耳%)
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2)(使用正丁醛,聚合度3000,羥基之含有率24莫耳%,乙醯化度12莫耳%,丁醛化度64莫耳%)
聚乙酸乙烯酯(聚合度2400)
丙烯酸系(PMMA)聚合物(熱塑性樹脂,(Mitsubishi Rayon公司製造,MF001,維卡軟化溫度89℃(JIS K7206),熔體流動速率14.0 g/10 min(JIS K7210,230℃,37.3 N))
(硬化物)
(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(1)~(9)、(11)、(12)、(A)及(B):
將具有下述表1、2所示之調配組成之聚合性組合物夾入至2塊單面經脫模處理之PET片材(Nippa公司製造,厚度50 μm),以厚度成為100 μm之方式形成聚合性組合物層。再者,於2塊PET片材之周圍配置間隔件。使用高壓水銀UV燈,以照射量3000 mJ/cm2 對聚合性組合物層照射紫外線,藉此使聚合性組合物利用反應而硬化,獲得(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(1)~(9)、(11)、(12)、(A)及(B)。
(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(1)~(9)、(11)、(12)、(A)及(B):
將具有下述表1、2所示之調配組成之聚合性組合物夾入至2塊單面經脫模處理之PET片材(Nippa公司製造,厚度50 μm),以厚度成為100 μm之方式形成聚合性組合物層。再者,於2塊PET片材之周圍配置間隔件。使用高壓水銀UV燈,以照射量3000 mJ/cm2 對聚合性組合物層照射紫外線,藉此使聚合性組合物利用反應而硬化,獲得(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(1)~(9)、(11)、(12)、(A)及(B)。
(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(10):
將具有下述表2所示之調配組成之聚合性組合物夾入至2塊單面經脫模處理之PET片材(Nippa公司製造,厚度50 μm),以厚度成為810 μm之方式形成聚合性組合物層。再者,於2塊PET片材之周圍配置間隔件。使用化學燈(東芝公司製造之「FL20SBL」),以照射量5000 mJ/cm2 對聚合性組合物層照射紫外線,藉此使聚合性組合物利用反應而硬化。進而,於將一PET片材脫模後,於100℃下進行30分鐘加熱乾燥,藉此獲得(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(10)。
將具有下述表2所示之調配組成之聚合性組合物夾入至2塊單面經脫模處理之PET片材(Nippa公司製造,厚度50 μm),以厚度成為810 μm之方式形成聚合性組合物層。再者,於2塊PET片材之周圍配置間隔件。使用化學燈(東芝公司製造之「FL20SBL」),以照射量5000 mJ/cm2 對聚合性組合物層照射紫外線,藉此使聚合性組合物利用反應而硬化。進而,於將一PET片材脫模後,於100℃下進行30分鐘加熱乾燥,藉此獲得(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(10)。
(塑化劑)
三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(3GO)
三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(3GO)
(金屬鹽M)
Mg混合物(2-乙基丁酸鎂與乙酸鎂之50:50(重量比)混合物)
Mg混合物(2-乙基丁酸鎂與乙酸鎂之50:50(重量比)混合物)
(紫外線遮蔽劑)
Tinuvin 326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并***,BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 326」)
Tinuvin 326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并***,BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 326」)
(抗氧化劑)
BHT(2,6-二第三丁基對甲酚)
BHT(2,6-二第三丁基對甲酚)
(添加劑)
添加劑(1):9,9-雙[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基]茀
添加劑(2):YS Resin SX100(苯乙烯低聚物,Yasuhara Chemical公司製造)
添加劑(1):9,9-雙[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基]茀
添加劑(2):YS Resin SX100(苯乙烯低聚物,Yasuhara Chemical公司製造)
(實施例1)
第1層之製作:
準備上述所獲得之(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(1)(包含硬化物之層,厚度100 μm)。
第1層之製作:
準備上述所獲得之(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(1)(包含硬化物之層,厚度100 μm)。
第2、第3層之製作:
將以下之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第2、第3層之組合物。
將以下之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第2、第3層之組合物。
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(1)100重量份
塑化劑(3GO)35重量份
於所獲得之第2、第3層中成為70 ppm之量之金屬鹽M(Mg混合物)
於所獲得之第2、第3層中成為0.2重量%之量之紫外線遮蔽劑(Tinuvin 326)
於所獲得之第2、第3層中成為0.2重量%之量之抗氧化劑(BHT)
塑化劑(3GO)35重量份
於所獲得之第2、第3層中成為70 ppm之量之金屬鹽M(Mg混合物)
於所獲得之第2、第3層中成為0.2重量%之量之紫外線遮蔽劑(Tinuvin 326)
於所獲得之第2、第3層中成為0.2重量%之量之抗氧化劑(BHT)
使用擠出機,將所獲得之用以形成第2、第3層之組合物擠出,獲得第2、第3層(各厚度380 μm)。
中間膜之製作:
將積層於第1層之經脫模處理之PET片材剝離,使用滾筒貼合機貼合於第2層,使第1層與第2層壓接,獲得2層積層體。繼而,將積層於第1層之另一經脫模處理之PET片材剝離,與上述同樣地使第1層與第3層壓接,藉此獲得具有第2層/第1層/第3層之構造之中間膜。
將積層於第1層之經脫模處理之PET片材剝離,使用滾筒貼合機貼合於第2層,使第1層與第2層壓接,獲得2層積層體。繼而,將積層於第1層之另一經脫模處理之PET片材剝離,與上述同樣地使第1層與第3層壓接,藉此獲得具有第2層/第1層/第3層之構造之中間膜。
隔音性評價(一次損耗係數測定)用層合玻璃之製作:
將所獲得之中間膜切斷為寬度25 mm及長度300 mm之大小。作為第1層合玻璃構件及第2層合玻璃構件,準備2塊玻璃板(透明浮法玻璃,寬度25 mm、長度300 mm及厚度2 mm)。於2塊玻璃板之間夾入中間膜,獲得積層體。將該積層體放入橡膠袋內,以2.6 kPa之真空度進行20分鐘脫氣後,以脫氣之狀態直接移至烘箱內,進而於90℃下保持30分鐘進行真空壓製,對積層體進行預壓接。於高壓釜中在135℃及壓力1.2 MPa之條件下將經預壓接之積層體進行20分鐘壓接,獲得層合玻璃。
將所獲得之中間膜切斷為寬度25 mm及長度300 mm之大小。作為第1層合玻璃構件及第2層合玻璃構件,準備2塊玻璃板(透明浮法玻璃,寬度25 mm、長度300 mm及厚度2 mm)。於2塊玻璃板之間夾入中間膜,獲得積層體。將該積層體放入橡膠袋內,以2.6 kPa之真空度進行20分鐘脫氣後,以脫氣之狀態直接移至烘箱內,進而於90℃下保持30分鐘進行真空壓製,對積層體進行預壓接。於高壓釜中在135℃及壓力1.2 MPa之條件下將經預壓接之積層體進行20分鐘壓接,獲得層合玻璃。
霧度評價用層合玻璃之製作:
將所獲得之中間膜切斷為寬度100 mm及長度100 mm之大小。作為第1層合玻璃構件及第2層合玻璃構件,準備2塊玻璃板(透明浮法玻璃,寬度100 mm、長度100 mm及厚度2 mm)。於2塊玻璃板之間夾入中間膜,獲得積層體。將該積層體放入橡膠袋內,以2.6 kPa之真空度進行20分鐘脫氣後,以脫氣之狀態直接移至烘箱內,進而於90℃下保持30分鐘進行真空壓製,對積層體進行預壓接。於高壓釜中在135℃及壓力1.2 MPa之條件下將經預壓接之積層體進行20分鐘壓接,獲得層合玻璃。
將所獲得之中間膜切斷為寬度100 mm及長度100 mm之大小。作為第1層合玻璃構件及第2層合玻璃構件,準備2塊玻璃板(透明浮法玻璃,寬度100 mm、長度100 mm及厚度2 mm)。於2塊玻璃板之間夾入中間膜,獲得積層體。將該積層體放入橡膠袋內,以2.6 kPa之真空度進行20分鐘脫氣後,以脫氣之狀態直接移至烘箱內,進而於90℃下保持30分鐘進行真空壓製,對積層體進行預壓接。於高壓釜中在135℃及壓力1.2 MPa之條件下將經預壓接之積層體進行20分鐘壓接,獲得層合玻璃。
(實施例2~9)
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表3、4所示設定,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,以與實施例1相同之種類及調配量調配有金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表3、4中省略)。
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表3、4所示設定,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,以與實施例1相同之種類及調配量調配有金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表3、4中省略)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(實施例10)
作為中間膜,準備上述所獲得之(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(10)(包含硬化物之層,厚度810 μm)。
作為中間膜,準備上述所獲得之(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(10)(包含硬化物之層,厚度810 μm)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(實施例11~14)
第1層之製作:
將表4之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第1層之組合物後,壓製成型至厚度100 μm,獲得包含(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(11)或(12)之硬化物之層。
第1層之製作:
將表4之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第1層之組合物後,壓製成型至厚度100 μm,獲得包含(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物(11)或(12)之硬化物之層。
第2、第3層之製作:
將表4之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第2、第3層之組合物。
將表4之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第2、第3層之組合物。
中間膜之製作:
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表4所示設定,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,調配有與實施例1相同之種類及調配量之金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表4中省略)。
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表4所示設定,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,調配有與實施例1相同之種類及調配量之金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表4中省略)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(比較例1)
將聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2)100重量份、塑化劑(3GO)75重量份、於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之紫外線遮蔽劑(Tinuvin 326)、及於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之抗氧化劑(BHT)進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第1層之組合物。
將聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2)100重量份、塑化劑(3GO)75重量份、於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之紫外線遮蔽劑(Tinuvin 326)、及於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之抗氧化劑(BHT)進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成第1層之組合物。
準備與實施例1相同之用以形成第2、第3層之組合物。
使用共擠出機將所獲得之用以形成第1層之組合物與所獲得之用以形成第2、第3層之組合物共擠出,獲得具有第2層/第1層/第3層之構造之中間膜(第1層之厚度100 μm,第2、第3層之各厚度380 μm)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(比較例2、3)
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表5所示設定,且將厚度如下述表5所示設定,除此以外,以與比較例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,以與比較例1相同之種類及調配量調配有金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表5中省略)。
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表5所示設定,且將厚度如下述表5所示設定,除此以外,以與比較例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,以與比較例1相同之種類及調配量調配有金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表5中省略)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(比較例4)
將以下之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成中間膜之組合物。
將以下之調配成分進行混合,利用混合輥充分地混練,獲得用以形成中間膜之組合物。
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2)100重量份
塑化劑(3GO)75重量份
於所獲得之中間膜中成為70 ppm之量之金屬鹽M(Mg混合物)
於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之紫外線遮蔽劑(Tinuvin 326)
於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之抗氧化劑(BHT)
添加劑(添加劑(1):9,9-雙[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基]茀)75重量份
塑化劑(3GO)75重量份
於所獲得之中間膜中成為70 ppm之量之金屬鹽M(Mg混合物)
於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之紫外線遮蔽劑(Tinuvin 326)
於所獲得之中間膜中成為0.2重量%之量之抗氧化劑(BHT)
添加劑(添加劑(1):9,9-雙[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基]茀)75重量份
使用擠出機將所獲得之用以形成中間膜之組合物擠出,獲得中間膜(厚度810 μm)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(比較例5)
準備丙烯酸系(PMMA)聚合物作為用以形成第1層之組合物。
準備丙烯酸系(PMMA)聚合物作為用以形成第1層之組合物。
準備與實施例1相同之用以形成第2、第3層之組合物。
使用共擠出機將所獲得之用以形成第1層之組合物與所獲得之用以形成第2、第3層之組合物共擠出,獲得具有第2層/第1層/第3層之構造之中間膜(第1層之厚度100 μm,第2、第3層之各厚度380 μm)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(比較例6、7)
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表5所示設定,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,以與實施例1相同之種類及調配量調配有金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表5中省略)。
將調配成分之種類及調配量如下述表5所示設定,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式製作中間膜。再者,於第2、第3層中,以與實施例1相同之種類及調配量調配有金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑(表5中省略)。
使用所獲得之中間膜,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
(評價)
(1)動態黏彈性測定
針對所獲得之具有僅第1層之構造之中間膜、及所獲得之具有第2層/第1層/第3層之構造之中間膜,進行動態黏彈性測定。使用動態黏彈性測定裝置(IT Meter. and Control公司製造,DVA-200),於剪切模式、使溫度以3℃/min之升溫速度自-50℃升溫至200℃之條件且頻率1 Hz及應變1%之條件下測定動態黏彈性,藉此對以下之項目實施評價。
(1)動態黏彈性測定
針對所獲得之具有僅第1層之構造之中間膜、及所獲得之具有第2層/第1層/第3層之構造之中間膜,進行動態黏彈性測定。使用動態黏彈性測定裝置(IT Meter. and Control公司製造,DVA-200),於剪切模式、使溫度以3℃/min之升溫速度自-50℃升溫至200℃之條件且頻率1 Hz及應變1%之條件下測定動態黏彈性,藉此對以下之項目實施評價。
第1層之tanδ之波峰溫度
第1層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(1)
第2、3層之tanδ之波峰溫度
第2、3層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(2)
比(tanδ(1)/tanδ(2))
第1層之100℃下之第1層之儲存模數G'
第1層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(1)
第2、3層之tanδ之波峰溫度
第2、3層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ(2)
比(tanδ(1)/tanδ(2))
第1層之100℃下之第1層之儲存模數G'
(2)一次損耗係數(隔音性)
藉由阻尼試驗用振動發生機(振研公司製造之「加振機G21-005D」)對所獲得之層合玻璃加振。利用機械阻抗測定裝置(Lion公司製造之「XG-81」)將據此獲得之振動特性放大,藉由FFT頻譜分析儀(Lion公司製造之「FFT Analyzer SA-01A2」)對振動圖譜進行解析。
藉由阻尼試驗用振動發生機(振研公司製造之「加振機G21-005D」)對所獲得之層合玻璃加振。利用機械阻抗測定裝置(Lion公司製造之「XG-81」)將據此獲得之振動特性放大,藉由FFT頻譜分析儀(Lion公司製造之「FFT Analyzer SA-01A2」)對振動圖譜進行解析。
根據上述一次損耗係數,基於以下之基準判定隔音性。
[隔音性之判定基準]
○○:一次損耗係數為0.35以上
○:一次損耗係數為0.2以上且未達0.35
△:一次損耗係數為0.1以上且未達0.2
×:一次損耗係數未達0.1
○○:一次損耗係數為0.35以上
○:一次損耗係數為0.2以上且未達0.35
△:一次損耗係數為0.1以上且未達0.2
×:一次損耗係數未達0.1
(3)霧度
測定剛製作後之層合玻璃之霧度。又,將剛製作後之層合玻璃於23℃及50%RH下保管4週後,測定保管後之層合玻璃之霧度。
測定剛製作後之層合玻璃之霧度。又,將剛製作後之層合玻璃於23℃及50%RH下保管4週後,測定保管後之層合玻璃之霧度。
[剛製作後之層合玻璃之霧度之判定基準]
○:霧度為2.5%以下
×:霧度超過2.5%
○:霧度為2.5%以下
×:霧度超過2.5%
[保管後之層合玻璃之霧度之判定基準]
○:保管後之霧度相對於保管前之霧度的比為0.99以上且1.01以下
△:保管後之霧度相對於保管前之霧度的比為0.5以上且未達0.99、或超過1.01且為1.5以下
×:保管後之霧度相對於保管前之霧度的比未達0.5、或超過1.5
○:保管後之霧度相對於保管前之霧度的比為0.99以上且1.01以下
△:保管後之霧度相對於保管前之霧度的比為0.5以上且未達0.99、或超過1.01且為1.5以下
×:保管後之霧度相對於保管前之霧度的比未達0.5、或超過1.5
將詳情及結果示於下述表1~5。再者,下述表3~5中,省略金屬鹽M、紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑之記載。再者,表3~5中,「E+03」意指「×103
」,「E+04」意指「×104
」,「E+05」意指「×105
」。
[表1]
[表2]
表1、2所示之成分之詳情如以下所述。
EA:丙烯酸乙酯(日本觸媒公司製造)
HEA:丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
BzA:丙烯酸苄酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造,Viscoat#160)
BA:丙烯酸正丁酯(日本觸媒公司製造)
THF-A:丙烯酸四氫糠酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造,Viscoat#150)
CHA:丙烯酸環己酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造、Viscoat#155)
HPA:丙烯酸羥基丙酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
CTFA(#200):環狀三羥甲基丙烷縮甲醛丙烯酸酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造,Viscoat#200)
2-EHA:丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(日本觸媒公司製造)
ISTA:丙烯酸異硬脂酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
4HBA:丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
IBOA:丙烯酸異𦯉酯(日本觸媒公司製造)
IRGACURE 184:2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙烷-1-酮(BASF公司製造)
HEA:丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
BzA:丙烯酸苄酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造,Viscoat#160)
BA:丙烯酸正丁酯(日本觸媒公司製造)
THF-A:丙烯酸四氫糠酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造,Viscoat#150)
CHA:丙烯酸環己酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造、Viscoat#155)
HPA:丙烯酸羥基丙酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
CTFA(#200):環狀三羥甲基丙烷縮甲醛丙烯酸酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造,Viscoat#200)
2-EHA:丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(日本觸媒公司製造)
ISTA:丙烯酸異硬脂酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
4HBA:丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯(大阪有機化學工業公司製造)
IBOA:丙烯酸異𦯉酯(日本觸媒公司製造)
IRGACURE 184:2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙烷-1-酮(BASF公司製造)
[表3]
[表4]
[表5]
1‧‧‧第1層
1a‧‧‧第1表面
1b‧‧‧第2表面
2‧‧‧第2層
2a‧‧‧外側之表面
3‧‧‧第3層
3a‧‧‧外側之表面
11‧‧‧中間膜
11A‧‧‧中間膜(第1層)
11a‧‧‧第1表面
11b‧‧‧第2表面
21‧‧‧第1層合玻璃構件
22‧‧‧第2層合玻璃構件
31‧‧‧層合玻璃
31A‧‧‧層合玻璃
圖1係模式性地表示本發明之第1實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜的剖視圖。
圖2係模式性地表示本發明之第2實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜的剖視圖。
圖3係模式性地表示使用圖1所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
圖4係模式性地表示使用圖2所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
Claims (8)
- 一種層合玻璃用中間膜,其係具有1層構造或2層以上之構造者, 上述中間膜具備包含硬化物之層, 上述硬化物為使光硬化性化合物或濕氣硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物,且 上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-50℃以上且30℃以下,且上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ為2.0以上。
- 如請求項1之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述硬化物為使光硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物。
- 一種層合玻璃用中間膜,其係具有1層構造或2層以上之構造者,且 具備包含硬化物之層, 上述硬化物為使具有(甲基)丙烯醯基之硬化性化合物硬化而得之硬化物,且 上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-50℃以上且30℃以下,且上述tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ為2以上。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述包含硬化物之層於100℃下之儲存模數G'為5.0×103 Pa以上。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述包含硬化物之層於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,tanδ之波峰溫度為-30℃以上且20℃以下。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,其係具有2層以上之構造者,且 上述中間膜具備包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,其係具有2層以上之構造者, 上述中間膜具備包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層,且 上述中間膜於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中,包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層之tanδ之波峰溫度為-100℃以上且100℃以下,上述中間膜於頻率1 Hz且剪切模式下之黏彈性測定中之上述包含硬化物之層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ相對於包含與上述硬化物不同之樹脂之層於tanδ之波峰溫度下之tanδ的比為2.0以上且10.0以下。
- 一種層合玻璃,其具備第1層合玻璃構件、 第2層合玻璃構件、及 如請求項1至7中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,且 於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間配置有上述層合玻璃用中間膜。
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US20070036956A1 (en) * | 2005-08-15 | 2007-02-15 | Solutia, Inc. | Interlayers comprising an ultraviolet curable layer |
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JP2009091434A (ja) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-30 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 中間膜用重合性組成物、中間膜及び透明積層体 |
TWI462888B (zh) * | 2008-12-22 | 2014-12-01 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Laminated glass laminate and interlayer glass for laminated glass |
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JPWO2013051717A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2015-03-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 積層体の製造方法 |
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EP3747845A4 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
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JP7316213B2 (ja) | 2023-07-27 |
JPWO2019151328A1 (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
BR112020014919A2 (pt) | 2020-12-08 |
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