MX2015003595A - Device for optically testing the surfaces of components. - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a device for optically testing the surfaces of components, in particular for optically testing the surfaces of vehicle bodywork or of vehicle bodywork parts, comprising an illumination means which has at least one light source and at least one reflector for deflecting the beams generated by the light source onto the component to be tested arranged in the path of the reflected beam. The illumination means is (1, 2, 3, 15) designed and arranged relative to the component (5) such that, if the component (5) to be tested is replaced by a vertically or horizontally arranged, standardised test object (5), it generates a template (11) on the surface of the standardised test object (5), which template has between 4 and 15 surfaces (12) and between 3 and 14 second surfaces (13) along a measured length (6) of 300 mm. The second surfaces (13) are illuminated less than the first surfaces (12) and the first and second surfaces are alternatingly distributed along the measured length (6). The first surfaces (12) and the second surfaces (13) are disposed as rectangular, or almost rectangular surfaces, and the luminance of each of the first surfaces (12) and the luminance of each of the second surfaces (13) are equal or almost equal in size.

Description

DEVICE FOR THE OPTICAL REVISION OF SURFACES OF CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for the optical revision of the surfaces of components, in particular for the optical inspection of the surfaces of vehicle bodies or parts of vehicle bodies.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Devices for optical inspection of the surfaces of building components have been used in the industry for a long time and, therefore, are also known.

Thus, for example, EP 0 947 827, DE 10 2010 047 539, DE 202009 013555 U1, DE 202009013558 U1 and DE 202010002695 U1 describe a corresponding device for the visual inspection of component surfaces. constructional, in particular an inspection tunnel used in the field of vehicle manufacturing, the known device having a lighting means for the surface to be inspected comprising at least one light source and at least one reflector for the deviation of the rays of light generated by the light source to the constructive component arranged in the reflected ray path and to be revised.

Together, the aforementioned protection rights indicate that fundamentally for a correct realization of the revision of the surfaces of the building components, in which case it can preferably be car bodies, it is important that the lighting means used for this purpose have a light source whose illumination intensity has a relatively high value, varying this value between 800 Lux and more than 2,100 Lux. Furthermore, EP 0 947 827 A requires for the illumination means described therein of the known device that a beam path consisting exclusively of indirect light is guided to the surface of the component to be inspected by the at least one reflector. In this way it must be possible after the generation of an unspecified pattern on the surface to review a visual inspection by the human eye.

The known devices described above have the drawback that, depending on the respective type, color, shape, size and appearance of the component to be reviewed, the illumination intensities of the light sources assigned to the light source are adapted and modified subjectively. lighting means without this state of the art indicates a way to perform the ergonomics of the lighting medium in an objective, understandable and measurable manner. In this regard, there is a risk in the state of the art that, by means of an empirical determination of the illumination intensity and a change in it, conditions will be produced for the revision persons that lead to a very fast fatigue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the objective of providing a device of the indicated type that allows to optimally illuminate the surfaces of the components to be reviewed.

This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a device with the characteristics of the present invention.

The device according to the invention for the optical inspection of the surfaces of building components, in particular for the optical inspection of the surfaces of vehicle bodies or vehicle body parts, has a lighting means comprising at least one light source and at least one reflector for the deviation of the rays generated by the light source to the constructive component disposed in the reflected ray path and to be reviewed. According to the invention, the lighting means is configured and arranged with respect to the construction component so that, in the event of a replacement of the construction component to be reviewed by a standardized revision object disposed perpendicularly and / or horizontally, generates on the surface of the object of standardized revision a pattern that in a measuring length of 300 mm has between 4 and 15 first surfaces and between 3 and 14 second surfaces, the second surfaces illuminating less with respect to the first surfaces and being the first and the second surfaces alternately distributed by this measurement length. The first surfaces and the second surfaces are configured as rectangular or almost rectangular surfaces, the illumination density being in each case the first surfaces and the illumination density in each case of the identical or nearly identical second surfaces.

In other words, therefore, in the device according to the invention there is provided an illumination means configured and arranged so that, after a replacement of the constructive component to be reviewed by a standardized revision object, it generates on its surface a special pattern. In this respect, this special pattern has the measurement length previously indicated a) between 4 and 15 first surfaces and between 3 and 14 second surfaces, in which b) the second surfaces are illuminated less with respect to the first surfaces, c) the first and second surfaces are alternatingly distributed, d) the first surfaces and the second surfaces are configured as rectangular or almost rectangular surfaces and e) the illumination densities in each case within all the first surfaces and the illumination densities in each case within all the second surfaces are identical or almost identical.

The feature described above in e) indicates that, on the one hand, within each of the first 4 to 15 surfaces and within each of the 3 to 14 second surfaces, the respective illumination densities are identical or almost identical and that , on the other hand, in each case the illumination densities of the first 4 to 15 surfaces with each other and in each case the illumination densities of the 3 to 14 second surfaces with each other are also identical or almost identical.

Unlike the state of the technique indicated at the beginning, the device according to the invention realizes the basic idea of not varying the intensity of illumination of the light sources provided in the lighting medium but, instead, measuring and setting the densities of illumination on the surface of the object of standardized revision of the constructive component to be inspected and then revise with a means of illumination optimized in this way by the device according to the invention the surface of the corresponding building component. In addition, the illumination means generates in the device according to the invention on the surface of the standardized revision object a pattern, as specified above by means of characteristics a) to e), without knowing a pattern of this type by the state of the art .

The device according to the invention has a series of advantages. Thus, first of all, it should be noted that the device according to the invention allows a review and inspection with a reduced fatigue, without glare, that protects the eyes and safe surfaces of building components through the human eye and / or an optical device, in particularly a camera, so that the device according to the invention has a high ergonomic potential. Particularly when, in the device according to the invention, the lighting means is configured so as to generate on the surface of the standardized revision object a pattern that is configured in the form of a strip and preferably has first and second surfaces that have the same size and, in particular, they have the same width, which are arranged in an alternating manner, favoring the inspection that protects the eyes and is pleasing to the eyes. Due to the homogeneity of the illumination density in the first and second surfaces, the contrast between them is also homogenized and intensified, so that unwanted irregularities can be detected safely on the surface of the construction component to be checked. All this leads with an improved revision of the surfaces to a particularly high acceptance by the review persons who perform with the device according to the invention the revision of the surfaces of the construction components.

By replacing the human eye with a corresponding optical device, for example, by a camera, it is ensured that defects in the components due to the identical illumination densities of the first and second surfaces, which are then also called light and dark surfaces , can be correctly identified, detected and registered by corresponding data processing systems.

Surprisingly, moreover, it has been possible to detect in the device according to the invention that, in comparison with the known devices, in which the illumination intensity of the light source is varied, the device according to the invention has a fundamentally lower energy demand, since, in this regard, not the illumination intensity of the light source but the illumination density of the pattern on the surface of the construction component is altered, in particular it is homogenized within the light and dark surfaces. After the adjustment of a previously established lighting density, this leads to an optimization of the lighting medium and in particular of the energy demand of the light sources so that the thermal load due to it is optimized and in particular minimized .

It is also possible to check very simply and without problems with the device according to the invention if, after a certain operating time, the lighting means have to be maintained or renewed. For this it is only necessary to replace the construction component with the standardized revision object and check whether the generated pattern and the lighting densities achieved in this respect coincide with the initial pattern previously established and the initial lighting densities previously established. When a corresponding limit value of the deviation is exceeded, the necessary maintenance or replacement of the lighting means is then carried out. If a replacement of the illumination medium and, in particular, of the light source becomes necessary in this respect, the replaced illumination medium and, in particular, the new light source, can be reviewed and adjusted in a simple manner because on the surface of the standardized revision object is compared and, if necessary, the generated pattern is adjusted there again with the initial pattern previously established and the illumination densities generated there again with the previously established initial lighting densities.

The illumination densities and the detection of the pattern are carried out in the device according to the invention by using the standardized revision object, as is still described in detail below in the embodiment examples.

The aforementioned defects and irregularities on the surfaces of the components to be detected by the device according to the invention relate to undesired surface changes, in particular scratches, cracks, roughness, deformations, preferably dents or elevations, inclusions in the surface, foreign particles on or on the surface, damage and / or other varnish defects such as, for example, color differences or a cloudy overcoat in the coating.

The term construction components includes all objects in which the surfaces have a technical and / or aesthetic function, in particular components of technical devices or the technical device itself, preferably trunks or bodies or parts thereof, in particular aircraft, vehicles aquatic, railway vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, furniture, in which these building components are composed of or contain glass, ceramic, plastic, metal or composite materials.

In the context of the present description, the term "light tunnel" designates each device closed or partially or completely covered, regardless of its shape, within which at least the lighting means or parts of the lighting means are arranged for the revision of the surface of the constructive component as well as the constructive component itself.

In addition, the term "and / or" used in the present invention covers both additively and alternatively the individual elements thus related to an enumeration, so that these elements are optionally to be understood as being related to "and" or " or". In addition, the terms used in the singular obviously also include the plural form.

A first refinement of the device according to the invention, which is preferably used for the surface inspection of vehicle bodies or vehicle body parts, provides that the lighting means is configured in such a way that it generates a pattern on the surface of the standardized inspection object. that for the measuring length of 300 mm it has between 6 and 10 first surfaces and between 5 and 9 second surfaces.

In particular, in the device according to the invention, the illumination means is configured such that, on the rectangular surfaces of the first surface and the second surface, the length of the rectangle edge is shorter with respect to the length of the edge of the rectangle. Larger rectangle of the respective surface varies in a ratio of from 1: 5 to 1:15. This configuration of the pattern on the surface of the revision object allows the revision of larger surface sections of the respective construction component, so that a pattern of this type is preferably generated thereon on surfaces in which the associated components have a corresponding length which, for example, is valid in particular for trunks or bodies or parts thereof, of aeronautical vehicles, water vehicles, railway vehicles or automobiles.

As already stated above as an advantage in the device according to the invention, the illumination densities within the first and / or the second surface are identical or almost identical. In this respect, the term "almost identical" covers differences in illumination densities, on the one hand, within each of the 4 to 15 first surfaces and within each of the 3 to 14 second surfaces, and on the other hand , in each case the illumination densities of the first 4 to 15 surfaces with each other and in each case the illumination densities of the 3 to 14 second surfaces with each other, differences of up to 20%, preferably up to 10% and, in particular, between 7% and 3%, increasing, as the differences decrease, the contrast between the light surfaces and the dark surfaces and, with it, the precision in the revision of surfaces.

With respect to the object of standardized review it should be noted that the surface of the standardized revision object is varnished in black or silver with a standardized color, as it is still specified in the following examples of realization. In this regard it has been found that these two varnishes indicated above (black and silver) cover all the diversity of colors of varnished surfaces and, therefore, make it possible to design the lighting means of the device according to the invention in the sense of the optimization described at the beginning in the device according to the invention.

In particular, in the device according to the invention, the illumination means is configured so that on the surface of the black-painted inspection object, arranged perpendicularly, it generates on the first surfaces (clear surfaces) a lighting density of 100 cd. / m2 and 400 cd / m2, and on the surface of the object of revision painted in black, arranged perpendicularly, it generates in the second surfaces (dark surfaces) a lighting density between 5 cd / m2 and 50 cd / m2. A lighting means configured in this way has the advantages in an intensified manner, as already described above in the device according to the invention and in particular allows a rapid and reliable detection of defects and irregularities in or on the surface of the building component. revise, referring the concrete values previously indicated to the surface of the standardized review object. Surprisingly it has been found that the range of illumination densities indicated above is suitable in particular for surfaces whose color range varies between black and medium color tones.

In particular, in the device according to the invention, the illumination means is configured so that the first and second surfaces are configured as surfaces running horizontally on the surface of the revision object disposed perpendicularly. This refinement also contributes to defects and irregularities in the review that can be detected more quickly and more safely.

However, if surfaces with a range of colors varying between medium color tones and light color tones are to be controlled with the device according to the invention, then it has proven to be especially advantageous when the illumination means is designed so that on the surface of the object of revision varnished in silver color, arranged perpendicularly, it generates in the first surfaces a density of illumination between 600 cd / m2 and 950 cd / m2 and in the second surfaces a lighting density between 150 cd / m2 and 500 cd / m2.

The particularly advantageous illumination densities set forth above relate to a standardized revision object which is disposed perpendicular to the base, as is still explained in detail to continued in the examples of embodiment. Surprisingly, it has been possible to detect that with the preferred illumination densities indicated above it is possible, in particular, to check surfaces of components that are oriented exclusively or largely perpendicular to the base, although these surfaces are not configured in a flat manner in Compared with the standardized object of inspection, they do not have surfaces with a different bulge, as is valid, for example, for the lateral surfaces of bodies or parts of bodies or trunks of aeronautical vehicles, water vehicles, railway vehicles or automobiles.

On the other hand, if it is intended to review with the device according to the invention surfaces of components that run horizontally or in a large part horizontally with respect to the base, then, in this embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is configured in particular the illumination means so that, on the surface of the object of revision painted in black, arranged horizontally, it generates in the first surfaces a density of illumination between 200 cd / m2 and 700 cd / m2 and, on this surface in black and arranged horizontally of the object of revision, it generates in the second surfaces a lighting density between 5 cd / m2 and 50 cd / m2. It is also valid in this respect that these ranges of illumination densities are suitable in particular for surfaces whose range of colors varies between black and medium color tones.

For construction components whose surface varies, with respect to color, between medium color tones and light color tones, the lighting means is configured in the device according to the invention so that, on the surface of the object of inspection, silver-painted , arranged horizontally, generates in the first surfaces a lighting density between 600 cd / m2 and 1,500 cd / m2 and, on this surface varnished in silver and arranged horizontally of the object of revision, generates in the second surfaces a Lighting density between 300 cd / m2 and 500 cd / m2. Surprisingly, it has been possible to detect that with the preferred illumination densities indicated above, it is possible in particular to check surfaces of building components that are oriented exclusively or largely horizontally with respect to the base, although these surfaces are not configured in a flat manner compared to the standardized revision object but have surfaces with different bulges, as is valid, for example, for surfaces of coating of bodies or parts of bodies or trunks of aeronautical vehicles, water vehicles, railway vehicles or automobiles; In order to establish the pattern described above in the device according to the invention according to characteristics a) to e), which is generated on the surface of the component to be inspected respectively, a particularly suitable embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the lighting means have at least one light-emitting diode as a light source, which is briefly referred to as an LED, with at least one first reflector assigned to each LED and the first reflector being positioned at a distance from the LED in the beam path of the LED so that the first reflector deflects the light rays in the direction towards a second reflector or in the direction towards a third reflector and so that the second and third reflectors conduct the rays of light deflected by the first reflector on the surface of the reflector. object of standardized review. By means of an arrangement and orientation of the reflectors described above with respect to the LED or with respect to the reflector arranged in front thereof, the pattern described above can be generated in a repeated and quantified manner with respect to the illumination densities in the device according to the invention. , also influencing the density of illumination in the first and second surfaces the selection of the reflector material with respect to its reflection properties.

In particular, reflectors are used in the device according to the invention which have a plurality of adjustable sheets with respect to their location and / or shape, in particular also individual sheets which are identical or different with respect to their material and / or with respect to their surface and, with it, with respect to its reflection behavior, to adjust the illumination densities specified above in the first and / or second surfaces of the pattern with respect to the values as described above. In this respect, these The sheets can also be configured as a corrugated profile of a relatively thin metal plate, for example, of an easily deformable plate or aluminum plate, such plates being also known in the industry as corrugated profiles. The reflection behavior of a reflector configured in this way can be influenced in a particularly simple manner by a deformation of the corrugated profile.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the location of the light source and, in particular, its inclination and / or its distance with respect to the component can be adjusted in addition to the aforementioned possibilities.

In order to increase the size of the surface provided with the pattern, an improvement of the device according to the invention provides that the light source is configured as a light bar and comprises a plurality of LEDs arranged symmetrically and side by side, being able to be adjusted in particular in this embodiment the intensity of illumination and / or the light color of the LEDs.

Preferably, the above-described embodiment of the light bar has between 35 and 120 LEDs per meter, in particular between 60 and 95 LEDs. With regard to this lighting medium it should be noted that LEDs have a fundamentally more economic and ergonomic behavior compared to other sources of lighting with respect to current demand and heat production.

The present invention also relates to the use of the device according to the invention described above as a light tunnel. In this regard, it is generated by means of lighting the light tunnel on the surface of the standardized revision objects described above, that is to say, the object of inspection painted in black and / or the object of inspection varnished in silver, in the perpendicular and / or horizontal orientation, the previously described pattern, so that in this way the illumination is optimized in the sense of the previous embodiments, so that, after the replacement of the object of standardized revision by the constructive component to be revised respectively , in which case it is in particular a vehicle body or a vehicle body part, it is performs a review regarding defects or irregularities on and / or on its surface. In this regard, the device has a positioning device centrally disposed within the device for the construction component, with respect to this positioning device on at least one side the lighting means comprising the light source, the first reflector, the second reflector and / or the third reflector.

The use according to the invention described above of the device according to the invention has in this regard or in an analogous manner all the advantages as described above for the device according to the invention. Therefore, reference is made to avoid repetitions.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the use according to the invention provides that in this embodiment of the device according to the invention, the lighting means is arranged on both sides of the positioning device.

To enable a rapid and continuous review of the surface of the components described above, a further development of the use according to the invention described above provides that the positioning device is configured as a transport device for the building component. Therefore, the construction component to be reviewed can be transported continuously through the device configured as a light tunnel and can be revised.

In order to rectify the defects and irregularities indicated in the revision directly after the revision, it is convenient in another configuration of the use according to the invention that in this respect a working area is provided on one or both sides of the positioning device.

As already stated above in the device according to the invention, in addition to the visual inspection of the surface of the construction component to be reviewed by the corresponding review personnel, it is convenient in another configuration of the use according to the invention that in this respect it is assigned a camera to the device according to the invention to the building component held by the positioning device to detect and evaluate the pattern generated on the surface of the building component and, thereby, to identify defects and irregularities in and / or on the surface of the component constructive. In particular, to this camera, which complements or substitutes in principle the human eye, is assigned a device for data detection and data processing, preferably comparing in this device for data detection and data processing the image generated by the camera with a previously established image of a defect-free surface and locating, detecting and / or representing existing defects or irregularities. This configuration also has the advantage that it is possible to detect statistically assured frequencies of defects or irregularities that always appear again, so that the reason for defects or irregularities that may appear can be located and eliminated in the manufacturing process. always again.

Advantageous refinements of the device according to the invention and of the use according to the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The device according to the invention is explained in more detail below by means of the drawing in connection with the exemplary embodiments. They show: Figure 1 a schematic side view of the device for reviewing the surface of the standardized revision object in its perpendicular position; Figure 2 a black-and-white representation of the pattern generated on the surface of the standardized black-stained revision object, arranged perpendicularly; 3 shows a black-and-white representation of the pattern generated on the surface of the standardized and silver painted object of revision, arranged perpendicularly; 4 shows a black and white representation of the pattern generated on the surface of a rear vehicle door varnished in dark blue; Figure 5 a schematic side view of the device for reviewing the surface of the standardized revision object in its horizontal position; Figure 6 a black-and-white representation of the pattern generated on the surface of the standardized black-lacquered review object, arranged horizontally; Figure 7 a black and white representation of the pattern generated on the surface of the standardized review object and varnished in silver color, placed horizontally; Y Figure 8 is a black and white representation of the pattern generated on the surface of the standardized black-lacquered inspection object, placed perpendicularly with a lighting means of the state of the technique.

In Figures 1 to 8, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 schematically represents the side view of a device designated in total with 10 for reviewing a standardized review object 5 in its perpendicular position. In this regard, the device 10 has a light source 1 which is oriented with an inclination of 21 ° with respect to the base 7 of the device 10. The light source 1 is composed of a light bar having 84 light emitting diodes. light per meter with a total power of 84 LEDs of 295 W.

The device 10 is completely covered in front of strange light that impinges from the outside.

The light rays generated by the light source 1 are diverted through a first reflector 2 to a second reflector 3 so that a pattern is generated on a standardized inspection object 5 arranged perpendicularly in a measurement length 6 that It amounts to 300 mm, as shown in figure 2, which is still described below for the standardized revision object 5, varnished in black and in figure 3 for the revision object 5 varnished in silver.

To enable the representation of this pattern on the inspection object 5 by the measurement length 6, a camera 4 is assigned to the review object 5. The distance A between the camera lens and the surface of the perpendicular standardized revision object 6 ascends at 1120 mm, the lens 9 of the chamber 4 being oriented on the center 8 of the measuring length 6 and placed 1,320 mm above the base 7.

The camera 4 detects the illumination densities of the pattern that is generated on the surface of the standardized review object through the light source 1 and the two reflectors 2 and 3 that are previously referred to as lighting means together. This camera is available under the denomination LMK 98-4 color in the market and is equipped with a filter wheel, adapted to the normal spectral value curves of the normal observer of 2o (CIE 1931) for the measurement of color so that, In addition to lighting dp densities, you can also measure color coordinates with a resolution of place.

The black standardized inspection object has been varnished in the color 091 / RAL 9005 and the silver standardized inspection object has been varnished in the LY7W metallic color. The object of standardized revision was a sheet metal with a thickness of 2 mm in the measurements 1,200 mm x 1,200 mm.

The aforementioned reflectors 2 and 3 are composed of individual sheets which can be individually adjusted with respect to their location by means of an adjustment device 16 drawn schematically, all the sheets of the reflectors 2 and 3 extending over the entire length of the length of the reflector. light bar.

Figures 2 and 3 represent the pattern generated respectively by the lighting means described above, comprising the light source 1, the first reflector 2 and the second reflector 3, on the surface of the standardized inspection object 5 painted in black (figure 2) and on the surface of the standardized inspection object 5 varnished in silver color (figure 3), which in total is designated with 11, by the measuring length 6. In this respect, each of the patterns represented in figures 2 and 3 has for the measurement length 6 of 300 mm seven first surfaces (light surfaces) and six second surfaces (dark surfaces), the illumination densities in the light surfaces 12 being greater than in the dark surfaces 13, as shown in the following table. With respect to these black and white representations according to figures 2 and 3, it should be noted that the original images captured by camera 4 are colored and, due to the color tone and the intensity of color, make it possible to directly determine a lateral scale of the order of magnitude of the illumination densities on surfaces 12 and 13, which is not possible due to the black and white representation of Figures 2 and 3.

The following two tables 1 and 2 group the values of the illumination density measurement of the first and second surfaces 12 or 13.

Table 1 Lighting densities of the standardized revision object varnished in black Table 2 Lighting densities of the standardized revision object varnished in silver color The illumination densities indicated above in the tables in each case in rows 1 and 2 show that, within each first surface and within each second surface, the illumination densities are very homogeneous. Also, these tables show with the illumination densities indicated respectively in rows 3 and 4 that all the first and second surfaces also have the same illumination densities compared to each other, since in the standard deviation it must be taken into account that the method Measurement used also has a standard deviation.

Figure 4 represents the pattern generated by the lighting means described above, comprising the light source 1, the first reflector 2 and the second reflector 3, on the surface of a rear door varnished in dark blue of a car, which in total is designated by 11, by the measuring length 6 of 300 mm, the rear door being in the device 10 shown in figure 1 positioned and oriented with respect to the camera 4 as described in the description with respect to the figure 1 for the standardized revision object 5. In this respect, the pattern shown in FIG. 4 has the measurement length 6 of 300 mm, seven first surfaces (light surfaces) and six second surfaces (dark surfaces), the densities being illumination in the light surfaces 12 greater than in the dark surfaces 13. Likewise, with respect to this black and white representation according to figure 4 it should be noted that the i The original images captured by the camera 4 are colored and, due to the color tone and the color intensity, make it possible to directly determine the order of magnitude of the illumination densities on the surfaces 12 and 13 by means of a lateral scaling, which does not is possible due to the black and white representation of figure 4. In the area of the grip tray 14 it can be clearly seen that in this case there is a deformation of the surface due to the deviation of the line drawing in the area of edge of light and dark surfaces which, however, does not constitute a defect but is necessary with respect to operation.

Figure 5 schematically represents the side view of a device designated in total with 20 for the review of a standardized review object 5, although in its horizontal position. In this regard, the device 20 has a light source 1 which is oriented at an inclination of 36 ° with respect to the base 7 of the device 20. The light source 1 is composed of a light bar having 84 light emitting diodes. light per meter with a total power of 84 LEDs of 295 W.

The device 20 is completely covered in front of strange light that impinges from outside.

The light rays generated by the light source 1 are diverted through a first reflector 2 to a second reflector 3 and, from there, to a third reflector 15, so that over the standardized inspection object 5 arranged horizontally a pattern is generated in a measurement length 6 amounting to 300 mm, as shown in figure 6 still described below for the standardized review object 5 varnished in black and in figure 7 for the review object 5 varnished in silver.

To enable the representation of this pattern on the inspection object 5 by the measuring length 6, a camera 4 is assigned to the review object 5. The distance A between the camera lens and the surface of the standardized horizontal revision object 6 amounts to at 420 mm, the lens 9 of the camera 4 being oriented on the center 8 of the measuring length 6 and placed at a height H of 1770 mm above the base 7, while the standardized object of inspection arranged horizontally it is arranged at a height B of 1,000 mm above the base 7.

The camera 4 detects the illumination densities of the pattern that is generated on the surface of the standardized review object through the light source 1 and the three reflectors 2, 3 and 15 that were previously referred to as lighting means together. This camera has already been specified previously in connection with Figure 1.

The aforementioned reflectors 2, 3 and 15 are composed of individual sheets that can be adjusted individually with respect to their location by means of an adjustment device 16 drawn schematically, all the sheets of the reflectors 2, 3 and 15 extending over the entire length of the reflector. the length of the light bar.

The black standardized inspection object has been varnished in color 091 / RAL 9005 and the silver standardized inspection object has been varnished in the LY7W metallic color. The object of standardized revision was a sheet metal with a thickness of 2 mm in the measurements 1,200 mm x 1,200 mm.

Figures 6 and 7 represent the pattern generated respectively by the lighting means described above, comprising the light source 1, the first reflector 2, the second reflector 3 as well as the third reflector 15, on the surface of the standardized revision object 5 varnished in black (figure 6) and on the surface of the standardized inspection object 5 varnished in silver color (figure 7), which in total is designated with 11, for the length of measurement 6. In this respect, each of the The patterns shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 have for the measuring length 6 of 300 mm seven first surfaces (light surfaces) and eight second surfaces (dark surfaces), the light densities being on the light surfaces 12 greater than on the dark surfaces 13, as shown in the following table. With respect to these black and white representations according to figures 6 and 7, it should be noted that the original images captured by camera 4 are colored and, due to the color tone and the intensity of color, make it possible to directly determine a lateral scale of the order of magnitude of the illumination densities on surfaces 12 and 13, which is not possible due to the black and white representation of figures 6 and 7.

The following two tables 3 and 4 group the values of the illumination density measurement of the first and second surfaces 12 or 13.

Table 3 Lighting densities of the standardized revision object varnished in black Table 4 Lighting densities of the standardized revision object varnished in silver color The illumination densities previously indicated in the tables in each case in rows 1 and 2 show that, within each first surface and within each second surface, the illumination densities are very homogeneous. Also, these tables show with the illumination densities indicated respectively in rows 3 and 4 that all the first and second surfaces also have the same illumination densities compared to each other, since in the standard deviation it must be taken into account that the method Measurement used also has a standard deviation.

Figure 8 represents the pattern generated on the surface of the standardized black-stained revision object, arranged horizontally, the review object having been placed in a conventional light tunnel as shown in Figure 5 and is described above. In this regard, the conventional light tunnel has a lighting means that differs clearly with respect to the lighting means shown in Figure 5 and described above. The measurement length 6 detected by the camera 4 was also 300 mm.

The pattern generated by the conventional lighting means, which in total is designated with 11 in FIG. 8, has for the measurement length 6 of 300 mm three first surfaces (light surfaces) 12 and two second surfaces (dark surfaces) 13, being the higher illumination densities on the light surfaces 12 than on dark surfaces 13, as shown in the following table. With regard to this black and white representation according to Figure 8 it should be noted that the original images captured by the camera 4 are colored and, due to the color tone and the intensity of color, make it possible to directly determine the order by lateral scaling. of magnitude of the illumination densities on surfaces 12 and 13, which is not possible due to the black and white representation of Figure 8.

From the black and white representation of Figure 8 it can already be seen that all the first surfaces are not homogeneous with respect to their illumination densities. Rather, in each of the first surfaces there is in the center a strip that has a high illumination density of 500 cd / m2, this strip being more centrally lit surrounded on both sides by an edge surface whose illumination density is situated at approximately 270 cd / m2. This edge surface then opens, without forming a clearly noticeable boundary line, on the very broadly configured surface 13, whose illumination density is 40 cd / m2.

The following table 5 groups the values of the illumination density measurement of the first surface 12, of the edge surface and of the second surface 13.

Table 5 Lighting densities of the standardized revision object varnished in black in case of an arrangement inside a conventional light tunnel The illumination densities previously indicated in table 5 in rows 1 and 2 show that, within each first surface, the illumination densities are very irregular and no appreciable defined separation line is formed, so that they can not be detected defects in or on the surface of the building component. In addition, the size ratios of the first surface with respect to the second surface are unfavorable, which also has a negative effect in detecting defects and irregularities in or on the surface.

Claims (26)

1. Device for the optical inspection of the surfaces of building components, in particular for the optical inspection of the surfaces of vehicle bodies or of vehicle body parts, with a lighting means comprising at least one light source and at least one reflector for the deviation of the rays generated by the light source to the constructive component disposed in the reflected ray path and to be revised, characterized in that: the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured and arranged with respect to the component (5) so that, in the case of a replacement of the constructive component (5) to be revised by means of a standardized revision object (5) arranged perpendicularly and / or horizontally on the surface of the standardized revision object (5), generates a pattern (11) which, at a measurement length (6) of 300 mm, has between 4 and 15 first surfaces (12) and between 3 and 14 second surfaces (13), illuminating the second surfaces (13) less with respect to the first surfaces (12) and the first and second surfaces being alternately distributed along the length of measurement (6), because the first surfaces (12) and the second surfaces (13) ) are configured as rectangular or almost rectangular surfaces and because the illumination density in each case of the first surfaces (12) and the illumination density in each case of the second surfaces (13) are identical or almost identical.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that it generates on the surface of the standardized revision object (5) a pattern (11) that in the length of measurement (6) of 300 mm presents between 6 and 10 first surfaces (12) and between 5 and 9 second surfaces (13).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the edge of the rectangular surface varies shorter rectangle with respect to the length of the longest rectangle edge of the respective surface in a ratio of from 1: 5 to 1:15.

4. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the illumination densities within the first surface (12) and / or the illumination densities within the second surface (13) of the pattern (11) are different in, as maximum, 10%.

5. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the illumination densities within the first surface (12) and / or the illumination densities within the second surface (13) of the pattern (11) vary between 7% and 3%.

6. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the object of standardized revision (5) is a review object varnished in black and / or varnished in silver.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the surface of the revision object (5) painted in black, arranged perpendicular to the first surfaces (12) generates a lighting density of between 100 cd / m2 and 400 cd / m2.

8. The device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the surface of the revision object (5) painted in black, arranged perpendicular to the the second surfaces (13) generate a lighting density of between 5 cd / m2 and 50 cd / m2.

9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the The surface of the review object (5), varnished in silver, arranged perpendicularly in the first surfaces (12), generates a lighting density between 600 cd / m2 and 950 cd / m2.

10. The device according to claims 6 and 9, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the surface of the review object (5) varnished in silver, arranged perpendicularly in the second surfaces (13) it generates a lighting density of between 150 cd / m2 and 500 cd / m2.

11. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured in such a way that the first (12) and the second (13) surfaces are configured as running surfaces. horizontally by the surface of the object of revision (5) disposed perpendicularly.

12. The device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the surface of the inspection object (5) painted in black, arranged in a manner horizontal on the first surfaces (12) generates a lighting density of between 200 cd / m2 and 700 cd / m2.

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the lighting means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the surface of the review object (5) painted in black, arranged horizontally in the second surfaces (13) generates a lighting density of between 5 cd / m2 and 50 cd / m2.

14. The device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the surface of the inspection object (5) varnished in silver, arranged horizontally, it generates in the first surfaces (12) a lighting density between 600 cd / m2 and 1,500 cd / m2.

15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is configured so that on the surface of the review object (5) painted in silver color, arranged horizontally it generates in the second surfaces (13) a lighting density between 300 cd / m2 and 500 cd / m2.

16. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting device (1, 2, 3, 15) provided in the device (10, 20) has as a light source (1) at least one LED (1) , because at least one first reflector (2) is assigned to each LED (1), the first reflector (2) being placed at a distance from the LED (1) in the beam path of the LED so that the first reflector (2) deflects the light rays in the direction of a second reflector (3) or in the direction of a third reflector (15) and so that the second and third reflectors (3; 15) conduct the rays of light diverted from the first reflector (2) for the generation of the pattern (11) on the surface of the standardized revision object (5).

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that each reflector (2, 3, 15) has a plurality of sheets that can be adjusted with respect to their location and / or shape.

18. The device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that it is possible to adjust the location of the light source (1) and in particular its inclination with respect to the component (5).

19. The device according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the light source (1) is configured as a light bar and comprises a plurality of LEDs arranged symmetrically and side by side.

20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the illumination intensity and / or the light color of the LEDs can be adjusted.

21. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the light bar has between 60 and 95 LEDs per meter.

22. Use of the device as claimed in any of the preceding claims as a light tunnel after a previous replacement of the standardized revision object (5) by the construction component to be reviewed, in particular by a vehicle body or a vehicle body part, the device (10, 20) having a positioning device arranged centrally inside the device for the component (5), with respect to this positioning device at least on one side the lighting means comprising the light source (1), the first reflector (2), the second reflector (3) and / or the third reflector (15).

23. The use of the device according to claim 22, wherein the illumination means (1, 2, 3, 15) is arranged on both sides of the positioning device.

24. The use of the device according to any of claims 22 or 23, wherein the positioning device is configured as a transport device for the building component.

25. The use of the device according to any of claims 22 to 24, wherein a working area is provided on one side or on both sides of the positioning device.

26. The use of the device according to any of claims 22 to 25, wherein the building component held by the positioning device is assigned a camera (4) to detect and evaluate the pattern (11) generated on the surface of the building component.