LU500043B1

LU500043B1 - Raising rice seedlings Substrate

Info

Publication number: LU500043B1
Application number: LU500043A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Yu Qiuying; Zhou Dahu; Hu Lifang; Ouyang Linjuan; Fu Junru; He Haohua; He Xiaopeng; Bian Jianmin; Peng Xiaosong; Zhu Changlan; Li Cuijuan; Xu Jie; Sun Xiaotang; Chen Xiaorong
Original assignee: Univ Jiangxi Agricultural
Priority date: 2021-04-16
Filing date: 2021-04-16
Publication date: 2021-10-19

Abstract

A raising rice seedling substrate, which belongs to the technical field of raising seedling substrates. Comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of clay, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of sodium selenite, 10-25 parts of white vinasse, 10-30 parts of diatomite, 6-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-15 parts of perlite and 3-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 5-15 parts of tea powder and 5- 13 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product. According to the invention, a plurality of organic and inorganic raising seedling substrates are selected, so that the physicochemical properties of the seedling raising substrates are remarkably optimized, such as bulk density, porosity, conductivity (EC), pH, main nutrients nitrogen phosphorus potassium and organic matter. The quality of rice seedlings can be remarkably improved, and various indexes of mechanical transplanting raising seedling are met; the invention has stable physicochemical properties, low price and easily obtained materials.

Description

DESCRIPTION Raising rice seedlings Substrate

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the technical field of raising seedling substrates, in particular to a raising rice seedling substrate.

BACKGROUND Rice is the main food crop in the world, with 50% of the world's population on rice and 90% of rice production coming from Asia. As the second largest country in rice planting area, the largest rice producer and consumer in the world, China's rice planting is of great significance to global food security. In China, the early rice planting mode was direct seeding, then evolved into manual transplanting and gradually developed into the planting mode of direct seeding, seedling throwing, manual transplanting and transplanting by machine in modern times. Transplanting by machine is a kind of rice transplanting method which uses high performance transplanted instead of manual transplanting. Compared with conventional transplanting method, it has the advantages of saving work, time, labour and rice field, good transplanting quality, lower cost and increased income. Moreover, transplanting by machine can realize the orderly distribution of seedlings, make full use of temperature and light resources, facilitate the implementation of precise and quantitative management of rice and has the advantages of large area balanced yield increase, high and stable yield. Due to the high work efficiency, economic efficiency and scale efficiency, transplanting by machine has become the inevitable direction of rice planting development, which plays a great role in increasing farmers' income and ensuring food security in China.

The traditional raising seedling technology in China is field seedling production, which requires root washing and transplanting, which is consuming labour and time. Moreover, the seedlings are only suitable for manual planting, while the injury of mechanical transplanting seedling is serious and the effect is very poor. In modern times, by studying developed areas, the raising seedling technique has been improved. At present, the raising seedling techniques mainly used in the production of transplanting by machine include floppy disk seedling raising, hard disk seedling raising, double film raising seedling and so on, and the advanced industrialized seedling production has also been added. There are different ways to raise seedlings in rice areas in the north and south of China, with dry land as the main way to raise seedlings in the north and mud as the main way to raise seedlings in the south. However, there are many problems in the north and south of the machine-transplanted seedlings. Uneven sowing results in different lighting and ventilation conditions in the process of seedling growth, and uneven growth of seedlings, resulting in missing transplanting, seedling injury, bridging and unkempt head; Inappropriate connection of stubble and sowing date leads to too long or too short seedling age, too short seedling is not conducive to grasping seedlings by seedling claws of rice transplanter, resulting in missing transplanting, seedling inversion and floating, too long seedling age, aging and slender seedlings, resulting in seedling inversion, seedling injury and seedling hooking, scattered randomly; Excessive water and fertility, seedlings tend to grow excessively, resulting in machine transplanting, seedling injury and seedling hooking; The seedbed soil is over-acid and over-alkali, and the seedlings grow weakly and have poor quality; If seedbed soil is too thick and too thin, the soil quality is poor, too thick, the root system of seedlings is too long, and the probability of seedling injury is high. After planting and transplanting, the seedlings turn green slowly, which affects the rice yield. If the seedbed soil is too thin, the seedlings will be damaged easily. These problems have a great influence on mechanical transplanting, which leads to the incompatibility between mechanical production and traditional agriculture, and makes the development of modern mechanized rice planting difficult.

It is particularly important to develop a kind of rice seedling substrate which has stable physical and chemical properties, low price, convenient materials, little environmental pollution and easy treatment after use.

SUMMARY The purpose of the invention is to provide a raising rice seedling substrate to cultivate rice seedlings meeting the requirements of mechanized transplanting, and at the same time, in the process of raising seedling, the seedling quality is improved through the raising seedling substrate, which lays a foundation for increasing production and income.

To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme: The invention provides a raising rice seedling substrate, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of clay, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of sodium selenite, 10-25 parts of white vinasse, 10-30 parts of diatomite, 6-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-15 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum and 5 parts of tea powder and 5-13 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product.

Preferably, it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of clay, 8-10 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of sodium selenite, 15-20 parts of white vinasse, 15-20 parts of diatomite, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of Bacillus microbial inoculum, 5-10 parts of tea powder and 5-8 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product.

Preferably, the clay particle size is 0.5-1mm, the vermiculite particle size is 0.5-

1.5mm, the perlite particle size is 1-3mm, the pH of the white vinasse is 4-5, and the available silicon content in the diatomite is 50-70%.

Preferably, the preparation method of the tea powder is as follows: steam fumigating the tea leaves at 100°C for 10-15min, drying at 60-70°C, pulverizing and passing through the 40 mesh screen.

Preferably, the Bacillus microbial inoculum agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans.

Preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans is (1-3): (1-2): (1-3).

Preferably, the preparation method of the wormwood leaves fermentation product comprises the following steps:

(1) pile fermentation wormwood leaves and control that moisture content of the fermentation product to be 55 ~ 75%; Inoculating Bacillus microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 1-5wt %o, fully turning over and mixing and establishing a fermentation heap with the size of 10mx10mx0.5m; (2) turning materials once every 3 days in winter and every 2 days in summer and the fermentation time is 20 days in winter and 10 days in summer, (3) Spread the fermented decomposed matter with a thickness of 10cm, collect and crush it when the moisture content drops below 20%, and pass through the 2mm mesh screen.

The invention discloses the following technical effects: According to the invention, a plurality of organic and inorganic raising seedling substrates are selected, so that the physicochemical properties of the seedling raising substrates are remarkably optimized, such as bulk density, porosity, conductivity (EC), pH, main nutrients nitrogen phosphorus potassium and organic matter. The quality of rice seedlings can be remarkably improved, and various indexes of mechanical transplanting raising seedling are met; the invention also has the characteristics of stable physicochemical properties, low price, easily obtained materials, little pollution to environment and easy treatment after use. It has high practicability and wide application prospect. The raising rice seedling substrate provided by the invention can effectively regulate the growth of rice, and has obvious effect on improving the yield and quality of crops by planting plant roots; In addition, a large number of waste bacteria are used in the matrix to make full use of agricultural waste, which not only reduces the pollution to the environment, but also recycles resources. Therefore, the matrix raw materials of the invention are environment friendly and energy-saving and are suitable for popularization and use.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, which should not be regarded as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention.

It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, as for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that every intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Intermediate values within any stated value or stated range and every smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate values within the stated range are also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe methods and/or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated documents, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

Without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the specification of the invention. Other embodiments derived from the description of the present invention will be apparent to the skilled person. The specification and embodiment of that present invention are merely exemplary.

As used herein, "including", "comprise", "having", "containing", etc. are all open terms, which means including but not limited to.

Example 1 The raising rice seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: parts of clay with particle size of 0.5mm, 10 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of sodium selenite, 15 parts of white vinasse with pH of 5, 20 parts of diatomite with available silicon content of 50%, 6 parts of vermiculite with particle size of 1.5mm, 10 parts of perlite with particle size of 3mm, 5 parts of Bacillus (wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans is 3: 1: 1), 10 parts of tea powder and 8 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product.

the preparation method of the tea powder is as follows: steam fumigating the tea leaves at 100°C for 10-15min, drying at 60-70°C, pulverizing and passing through the 40 mesh screen.

The preparation method of the wormwood leaves fermentation product comprises the following steps: (1) pile fermentation wormwood leaves and control that moisture content of the fermentation product to be 75%; Inoculating Bacillus microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 1-3wt %o, fully turning over and mixing and establishing a fermentation heap with the size of 10mx10mx0.5M; (2) turning materials once every 3 days in winter and the fermentation time is 20 days; (3) Spread the fermented decomposed matter with a thickness of 10cm, collect and crush it when the moisture content drops below 20%, and pass through the 2mm mesh screen.

The preparation method of the raising rice seedling substrate comprises the following steps: Weighing each component according to the proportion, pulverizing each component, passing through the 40 mesh screen and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; Sending the mixture into a freezing device, freezing at minus 12 degrees for 6 hours, then sending the mixture into a drying device, and baking at 75 degrees for 8 minutes to obtain a baked material; Adding adhesive into baked materials and sending the baked materials into a pelletizer for pelleting, wherein the Particle size is 0.5-2mm and obtaining a raising rice seedling substrate.

Example 2 The raising rice seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: parts of clay with particle size of 0.8mm, 8 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of sodium selenite, 20 parts of white vinasse with pH of 4, 15 parts of diatomite with available silicon content of 70%, 8 parts of vermiculite with particle size of 0.5mm, 5 parts of perlite with particle size of 1mm, 3 parts of Bacillus (wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans is 1: 2: 3), 5 parts of tea powder and 5 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product.

In this example, the preparation methods of tea powder, wormwood leaves fermentation product and rice seedling substrate are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 3 The raising rice seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of clay with particle size of 1mm, 12 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of sodium selenite, 25 parts of white vinasse with pH of 4, 30 parts of diatomite with available silicon content of 70%, 10 parts of vermiculite with particle size of 0.5mm, 15 parts of perlite with particle size of 1mm, 5 parts of Bacillus (wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans is 1: 2: 1), 15 parts of tea powder and 13 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product.

The physicochemical property of the raising seedling substrate prepared in Examples 1-3 were determined by taking the nutritional soil for raising seedling as a control and the method was as follows: Before sowing, the bulk density, total porosity, conductivity, pH value, alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter of each substrate were measured three times, and the average value was taken. Refer to the ourth edition of Soil Agrochemical Analysis edited by Bao Shidan (Bao Shidan, 2007) for specific test operation methods for determination of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. For the determination of bulk density and total porosity, the cutting ring method is used with specific reference to the determination method of soil bulk density and porosity by Liu Duosen et al. (1983). Mettler pH meter is used for pH measurement (the measurement method refers to the international standard soil quality-determination of pH 15010390) and DDS-11A conductivity meter is used for conductivity (EC) measurement. The results are shown in Table 1.

The physicochemical properties of each substrate in Examples 1-3 were significantly improved compared with the control group and were obviously superior to the nutritional soil.

In the preferred embodiment, the total porosity is above 71%, which is beneficial to the extension of seedling root system and the subsequent mechanical seedling transplanting; PH is neutral but more acid, while rice likes neutral but more acid, so it is more suitable for raising rice seedling. The substantial increase of various nutrients is beneficial to the rapid accumulation of biomass after rooting and before transplanting, so as to achieve the effect of strong seedlings and improve stress resistance.

Compare the performance of seedlings cultivated by different ratios of substrates in Examples 1-3 with nutritional soil for raising seedling. The specific methods are as follows: Rice varieties are randomly arranged by "Y Liangyou 59" and plastic seedling trays are used for seedling raising. The size of seedling trays is 58cmx28cmx=3cm and there is no seedbed on the concrete floor of the net room.

The matrix materials are fully mixed according to the ratio by manual mixing, the amount of matrix per tray is 4.5kg, the matrix at the bottom of the seedling tray is 0.5cm and the dry seeds amount per tray is 135g. After that, the matrix is watered manually every day to keep it moist, and no fertilizer is applied during the culture period because the nutrient conditions of the matrix are sufficient. 14-16 days after sowing (two leaves and one heart stage). The plant height, stem base width, leaf age, SPAD value (measured by SPAR-502Plus portable chlorophyll meter), leaf area (lengthx width

0.75), number of adventitious roots per plant and rooting ability of 20 seedlings randomly selected from each repetition were measured (20 seedlings were randomly selected from each repetition, and all the roots were cut off and cultured in tap water. Plastic bags were placed in pots for hydroponics, and the seedlings were fixed with perforated round plastic foam. 20 seedlings were cultured in each pot and placed under outdoor natural conditions and the number of new roots per seedling was measured 7 days after hydroponics.).100 plants were randomly selected from each repeat to measure the fresh weight, dry weight of aboveground parts and dry weight of underground parts. For each repeated determination of root binding force, refer to Qu Tingguang's (2003) root binding force determination method. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Seedling characteristics of different raising seeding substrates Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Control Group Average plant

16.55 15.85 15.63 12.25 height (cm) Average stem base

0.154 0.145 0.135 0.118 width (cm) Leaf age (leaf/plant) 2.213 2.116 2.148 2.011 SPAD 30.425 29.854 29.921 28.251 Average leaf area (

3.218 3.108 3.125 2.531 cm?) Dry weight of aerial

0.795 0.751 0.736 0.664 parts g/100 plants Underground dry

0.624 0.615 0.602 0.496 weight g/100 plants Number of adventitious roots 8.025 7.951 7.924 7.459 (number/plant) Root binding force 26.621 25.315 25.412 30.215 Rooting

5.861 5.156 5.133 4.532 development ability Table 2 shows that all the data values of the seedlings cultivated by the substrate in Examples 1-3 are higher than those of the traditional nutrient soil except the root binding force, which indicates that the overall quality of the seedlings is significantly higher than that of the nutrient soil seedlings, and the root binding force is mainly used to ensure that the seedlings do not fall apart in the process of moving, loading and unloading, which is convenient for seedling raising, framing, seedling separation and machine insertion. This conclusion is obtained under the condition of nutrient soil seedling raising. Under the condition of seedling raising substrate, the density of the substrate is smaller than that of the soil, and the actual packing force should ensure that the seedlings do not fall apart in the process of moving, loading and unloading, and keep the seedlings upright in the process of planting. In the practical application,

the seedlings cultivated in Examples 1-3 have developed roots and strong toughness, which can meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting.

The above embodiments only describe the preferred mode of the invention, but do not limit the scope of the invention. On the premise of not departing from the design spirit of the invention, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary technicians in the field to the technical scheme of the invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Raising rice seedling substrate, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of clay, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of sodium selenite, 10-25 parts of white vinasse, 10-30 parts of diatomite, 6-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-15 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 5-15 parts of tea powder and 5-13 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product.

2. Raising rice seedling substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of clay, 8-10 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of sodium selenite, 15-20 parts of white vinasse, 15-20 parts of diatomite, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 5-10 parts of tea powder and 5-8 parts of wormwood leaves fermentation product.

3. The raising rice seedling substrate according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the particle size of clay is 0.5-1mm, the particle size of vermiculite is 0.5-1.5mm, the particle size of perlite is 1-3mm, the pH of white vinasse is 4-5 and the available silicon content in diatomite is 50-70%.

4. Raising rice seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the tea powder is as follows: steam fumigating the tea leaves at 100°C for 10-15min, drying at 60-70°C, pulverizing and passing through the 40 mesh screen.

5. Raising rice seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus microbial inoculum agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans.

6. The raising rice seedling substrate according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans is (1-3): (1-2): (1-3).

7. The raising rice seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the wormwood leaves fermentation product comprises the following steps:

(1) pile fermentation wormwood leaves and control that moisture content of the fermentation product to be 55-75%; inoculating Bacillus microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 1-5wt %o, fully turning over and mixing and establishing a fermentation heap with the size of 10mx10mx0.5m;

(2) turning materials once every 3 days in winter and every 2 days in summer, and the fermentation time is 20 days in winter and 10 days in summer,

(3) spread the fermented decomposed matter with a thickness of 10cm, collect and crush it when the moisture content drops below 20% and pass through the 2mm mesh screen.