CN108575672B - Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rice seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof, wherein the matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 3-6 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 0-2 parts of coconut chaff, 0-3 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite. The asparagus stem rotten clinker is prepared by crushing and stacking asparagus stems, and then is mixed with coconut chaff, peat, vermiculite and perlite, the pH value of the mixture is adjusted, and a bactericide is added to obtain the asparagus stem rotten clinker. The substrate has the advantages of light texture, stable structure, good ventilation, good water and fertilizer retention performance, sturdy rice seedlings, low morbidity, water and fertilizer conservation, labor conservation and high efficiency.

Description

Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, relates to a plant nutrient medium, and particularly relates to a rice seedling raising medium and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The substrate cultivation refers to a plant cultivation method for fixing the root system of a plant and absorbing nutrient solution and oxygen in a certain place or container through a substrate. According to statistics, 90% of soilless culture forms in the world are substrate culture. The soilless culture substrate is a growth medium which can provide stable and coordinated water, air and fertilizer structures for plants, and not only supports and fixes the plants, but also more importantly serves as a carrier of nutrients and moisture, so that the nutrients and the moisture from a nutrient solution are transferred, and plant roots are selectively absorbed from the nutrient solution according to needs. And the seedling substrate is a substrate special for seedling in the substrate. With the continuous improvement of the seedling raising level and the requirements, the quality requirements of the seedling raising substrate are also continuously improved.

The stem of asparagus is divided into underground rhizome, bulbil and overground stem, wherein the overground stem is fleshy stem, and the tender stem is the product of the overground stem. The asparagus mother stems refer to overground stems of asparagus which grow continuously to 1.5-2 m after the harvest season. The old stems of asparagus lose their edible value due to higher degree of lignocellulose compared to the young stems, and the quantity of the asparagus mother stems which are not edible is much larger than that of the edible asparagus young stems each year. The asparagus wastes cut off in summer, autumn and winter are piled in the field and on the roadside and are burned after being dried in the sun and air, so that the damage to the ecological environment and the hidden danger of fire can be caused, the incidence rate of stem blight of the asparagus can be increased, and the sustainable development of the asparagus industry is seriously influenced. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the asparagus waste is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by asparagus planting farmers and processing enterprises in asparagus production areas.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for preparing a rice seedling raising matrix by using asparagus mother stems, which aims at solving the problems, takes the asparagus mother stems as raw materials for preparing the rice seedling raising matrix, fully utilizes asparagus wastes, and is environment-friendly and efficient.

In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention is specifically realized by the following technical scheme:

a rice seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 3-6 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 0-2 parts of coconut chaff, 0-3 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

Preferably, the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by volume: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

Preferably, the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by volume: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

Preferably, the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

Preferably, the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

The asparagus parent stem rot clinker is prepared by the following method: crushing the asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, adding mushroom residues, stacking in layers, adding water into the stack until the water content is 60%, uniformly spreading a microbial inoculum and a fertilizer after stacking one layer, fermenting for 7-10 days after stacking four layers, turning the stack once every 7 days, decomposing for 30-40 days, and sieving for later use by a 2mm sieve after decomposing.

The bacterial in the microbial inoculum is as follows: an actinomycete LS-4 (streptomyces) with good cellulose degradation capability is screened from asparagus mother stem compost in the laboratory. The screening process comprises the following steps: placing 5g of asparagus mother stem compost sample into a triangular flask, adding about 50mL of sterile water, fully stirring, standing, sucking supernatant, and pressing to 10%^-1、10^-2、10^-3、10^-4、10^-5And (3) performing gradient dilution, coating the diluent on a cellulose Congo red plate of a selective medium, culturing at a constant temperature of 28 ℃ for 2d, selecting a single colony from the medium, performing streak separation and purification, selecting a strain with a large ratio of the diameter of a transparent ring to the diameter of the colony, further determining the activity of the carboxymethyl cellulase, and finally screening to obtain a strain LS-4 (streptomyces) with the activity of 124.02U/mL of the carboxymethyl cellulase.

The fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium sulfate to the calcium superphosphate is 1: 2.

The weight ratio of the asparagus mother stems to the mushroom residues is 5: 1.

The weight ratio of the mushroom residue to the fertilizer is 20: 1.

The weight ratio of the fertilizer to the microbial inoculum is 30: 1.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the rice seedling raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:

1) crushing the asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, uniformly mixing the crushed asparagus mother stems with mushroom residues, stacking the crushed asparagus mother stems in layers, uniformly spreading a microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the stack, adding water until the water content is 60%, and repeatedly stacking the mixture for four layers;

2) after fermenting for 7-10 days, turning the piles once every 7 days, and decomposing for 30-40 days to obtain a bamboo shoot mother stem decomposed material;

3) uniformly mixing the bamboo shoot and stem rot clinker, coconut coir, peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the volume;

4) adding sulfuric acid into the mixture to adjust the pH value of the mixture to 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol, mixing uniformly, and packaging.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the rice seedling raising matrix is prepared by taking asparagus female stems as a main formula, not only utilizes asparagus wastes and effectively solves the problem of the way of the asparagus female stems, but also greatly reduces the cost of the rice seedling raising matrix. The substrate has the advantages of light texture, stable structure, good ventilation, good water and fertilizer retention performance, sturdy rice seedlings, low morbidity, water and fertilizer conservation, labor conservation and high efficiency.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A rice seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 3 parts of asparagus stem rot clinker, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

The seedling substrate is prepared by the following method: crushing asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, stacking 1000 kg of the crushed asparagus mother stems, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 200 kg of mushroom residues and 1 kg of microbial inoculum in layers, adding water into the stacked materials until the water content is 60%, uniformly scattering the microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the straws after each layer is laid, and laying 4 layers. Building a pile with the standard height of 1.2 meters and the width of 1.8 meters; the length depends on the amount of the material to be piled. The temperature of the pile body can reach 50-60 ℃ in about 7-10 days generally, pile turning is carried out timely, the outside pile is turned inside when pile turning is carried out, the inside pile is turned outside, meanwhile, the pile is shaken loose, water is supplemented according to specific conditions, pile turning is carried out once every 7 days, the pile can be thoroughly decomposed in 30-40 days generally, and the pile is screened by a 2mm sieve for later use after being thoroughly decomposed. Mixture prepared according to volume ratio: 3 parts of asparagus stem rot clinker, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite. Adding 1mol/L sulfuric acid 2-5L into each cubic mixture for adjusting acid to make pH of the mixture between 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol 20-60ml, adding slow release fertilizer 5-25g, mixing, and packaging.

Example 2

A rice seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 6 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 2 parts of coconut husk, 3 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

The seedling substrate is prepared by the following method: crushing asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, stacking 1000 kg of the crushed asparagus mother stems, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 200 kg of mushroom residues and 1 kg of microbial inoculum in layers, adding water into the stacked materials until the water content is 60%, uniformly scattering the microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the straws after each layer is laid, and laying 4 layers. Building a pile with the standard height of 1.2 meters and the width of 1.8 meters; the length depends on the amount of the material to be piled. The temperature of the pile body can reach 50-60 ℃ in about 7-10 days generally, pile turning is carried out timely, the outside pile is turned inside when pile turning is carried out, the inside pile is turned outside, meanwhile, the pile is shaken loose, water is supplemented according to specific conditions, pile turning is carried out once every 7 days, the pile can be thoroughly decomposed in 30-40 days generally, and the pile is screened by a 2mm sieve for later use after being thoroughly decomposed. Mixture prepared according to volume ratio: 6 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 2 parts of coconut husk, 3 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite. Adding 1mol/L sulfuric acid 2-5L into each cubic mixture for adjusting acid to make pH of the mixture between 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol 20-60ml, adding slow release fertilizer 5-25g, mixing, and packaging.

Example 3

A rice seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

The seedling substrate is prepared by the following method: crushing asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, stacking 1000 kg of the crushed asparagus mother stems, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 200 kg of mushroom residues and 1 kg of microbial inoculum in layers, adding water into the stacked materials until the water content is 60%, uniformly scattering the microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the straws after each layer is laid, and laying 4 layers. Building a pile with the standard height of 1.2 meters and the width of 1.8 meters; the length depends on the amount of the material to be piled. The temperature of the pile body can reach 50-60 ℃ in about 7-10 days generally, pile turning is carried out timely, the outside pile is turned inside when pile turning is carried out, the inside pile is turned outside, meanwhile, the pile is shaken loose, water is supplemented according to specific conditions, pile turning is carried out once every 7 days, the pile can be thoroughly decomposed in 30-40 days generally, and the pile is screened by a 2mm sieve for later use after being thoroughly decomposed. Mixture prepared according to volume ratio: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite. Adding 1mol/L sulfuric acid 2-5L into each cubic mixture for adjusting acid to make pH of the mixture between 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol 20-60ml, adding slow release fertilizer 5-25g, mixing, and packaging.

Example 4

A rice seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

The seedling substrate is prepared by the following method: crushing asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, stacking 1000 kg of the crushed asparagus mother stems, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 200 kg of mushroom residues and 1 kg of microbial inoculum in layers, adding water into the stacked materials until the water content is 60%, uniformly scattering the microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the straws after each layer is laid, and laying 4 layers. Building a pile with the standard height of 1.2 meters and the width of 1.8 meters; the length depends on the amount of the material to be piled. The temperature of the pile body can reach 50-60 ℃ in about 7-10 days generally, pile turning is carried out timely, the outside pile is turned inside when pile turning is carried out, the inside pile is turned outside, meanwhile, the pile is shaken loose, water is supplemented according to specific conditions, pile turning is carried out once every 7 days, the pile can be thoroughly decomposed in 30-40 days generally, and the pile is screened by a 2mm sieve for later use after being thoroughly decomposed. Mixture prepared according to volume ratio: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite. Adding 1mol/L sulfuric acid 2-5L into each cubic mixture for adjusting acid to make pH of the mixture between 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol 20-60ml, adding slow release fertilizer 5-25g, mixing, and packaging.

Example 5

A rice seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

The seedling substrate is prepared by the following method: crushing asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, stacking 1000 kg of the crushed asparagus mother stems, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 200 kg of mushroom residues and 1 kg of microbial inoculum in layers, adding water into the stacked materials until the water content is 60%, uniformly scattering the microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the straws after each layer is laid, and laying 4 layers. Building a pile with the standard height of 1.2 meters and the width of 1.8 meters; the length depends on the amount of the material to be piled. The temperature of the pile body can reach 50-60 ℃ in about 7-10 days generally, pile turning is carried out timely, the outside pile is turned inside when pile turning is carried out, the inside pile is turned outside, meanwhile, the pile is shaken loose, water is supplemented according to specific conditions, pile turning is carried out once every 7 days, the pile can be thoroughly decomposed in 30-40 days generally, and the pile is screened by a 2mm sieve for later use after being thoroughly decomposed. Mixture prepared according to volume ratio: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite. Adding 1mol/L sulfuric acid 2-5L into each cubic mixture for adjusting acid to make pH of the mixture between 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol 20-60ml, adding slow release fertilizer 5-25g, mixing, and packaging.

Example 6

A rice seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite.

The seedling substrate is prepared by the following method: crushing asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, stacking 1000 kg of the crushed asparagus mother stems, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 200 kg of mushroom residues and 1 kg of microbial inoculum in layers, adding water into the stacked materials until the water content is 60%, uniformly scattering the microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the straws after each layer is laid, and laying 4 layers. Building a pile with the standard height of 1.2 meters and the width of 1.8 meters; the length depends on the amount of the material to be piled. The temperature of the pile body can reach 50-60 ℃ in about 7-10 days generally, pile turning is carried out timely, the outside pile is turned inside when pile turning is carried out, the inside pile is turned outside, meanwhile, the pile is shaken loose, water is supplemented according to specific conditions, pile turning is carried out once every 7 days, the pile can be thoroughly decomposed in 30-40 days generally, and the pile is screened by a 2mm sieve for later use after being thoroughly decomposed. Mixture prepared according to volume ratio: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite. Adding 1mol/L sulfuric acid 2-5L into each cubic mixture for adjusting acid to make pH of the mixture between 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol 20-60ml, adding slow release fertilizer 5-25g, mixing, and packaging.

Example 7

The rice seedling raising matrix has obvious effect after being applied in field experiments, and the raised rice seedlings are strong and strong, have resistance to fracture and are particularly suitable for mechanized rice transplanting. The substrate of the embodiment is used for raising rice seedlings, and compared with the conventional seedling raising substrate and the conventional nutrient soil, the substrate is better in seedling raising, floating is not generated when the substrate is watered, the root system of the raised rice seedlings is developed, more white roots are generated, the packing force is strong, the leaves are wide and large, the color and luster are bright, and the plant diseases and insect pests are few; strong and strong seedlings, particularly strong anti-fracture property, good seedling quality and high transplanting survival rate; the basic physicochemical properties and seedling raising effects of the substrate and the conventional nutrient soil (the volume ratio of peat to vermiculite is 2: 1) of the examples are shown in attached tables 1 and 2 respectively.

Test site: paddy field of Wutown temple village in Jinhua city; the types of the test varieties are as follows: a channel 15; a seedling raising mode: molding a disc; seed soaking time: accelerating germination at normal temperature for 48 hours; and (3) sowing time: 28 days 4 month 2017; seeding rate: 140 g of sprouted grain per dish; thickness of the substrate and the bottom soil of the nutrient soil: 1.8-2.2 cm and 0.6-0.8 cm of seed covering soil.

TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of different substrate ratios

As can be seen from Table 1, the volume weight of the conventional nutrient soil is low and is only 0.13g/cm³Is too light and easy to float, and the volume weight of the matrix of the embodiment is 0.23 to 0.29g/cm³The volume weight is moderate, the texture is light, and no floating is generated in practical use. In the embodiment, the total porosity of the matrix is 79.5-83.4%, the gas-water ratio is 0.31-0.38, the matrix is in an ideal value range, and the matrix has good air permeability and certain water retention property and is suitable for rice seedling growth. In the embodiment, the substrate is sufficient in fertilizer supply, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are all obviously higher than those of conventional nutrient soil, and the seedlings are not fertilized in the later period.

TABLE 2 Rice seedling quality comparison table

As can be seen from the table 2, the indexes of the rice seedling raising matrix, such as leaf age, seedling height, stem base width, fresh weight of rice seedlings and the like, are obviously higher than those of the conventional nutrient soil, wherein the seedling height is improved by 13.1-21.6% compared with the conventional nutrient soil, the stem base width is improved by 13.7-22.4% compared with the conventional nutrient soil, and the fresh weight of the rice seedlings is improved by 15.9-25.5% compared with the conventional nutrient soil. In addition, the acidity of the matrix in the examples is proper (4.5-5.5), and no disease occurs due to the addition of the bactericide, but the incidence rate of the conventional nutrient soil is 6.1%. Experiments show that the rice seedling raising matrix of the embodiment has a good using effect on improving the quality of rice seedlings.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. A rice seedling raising substrate is characterized in that the rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by volume: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite;

or the seedling raising substrate is as follows: 4 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut chaff, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite;

or the seedling raising substrate is as follows: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 1 part of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite;

or the seedling raising substrate is as follows: 5 parts of asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, 1 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite;

the asparagus parent stem rot clinker is prepared by the following method: crushing asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, adding mushroom residues, layering and stacking, adding water into stacked materials until the water content is 60%, uniformly spreading a microbial inoculum and a fertilizer after stacking one layer, fermenting for 7-10 days after stacking four layers, turning the stacked materials once every 7 days, thoroughly decomposing for 30-40 days, and sieving for later use by a 2mm sieve after thoroughly decomposing;

the bacterial strain in the microbial inoculum is actinomycetes with good cellulose degradation capability, and the bacterial strain is streptomyces;

the fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium sulfate to the calcium superphosphate is 1: 2;

the weight ratio of the asparagus mother stems to the mushroom residues is 5: 1;

the weight ratio of the mushroom residue to the fertilizer is 20: 1;

the weight ratio of the fertilizer to the microbial inoculum is 30: 1.

2. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) crushing the asparagus mother stems to 3-5 cm, uniformly mixing the crushed asparagus mother stems with mushroom residues, stacking the crushed asparagus mother stems in layers, uniformly spreading a microbial inoculum and a fertilizer on the stack, adding water until the water content is 60%, and repeatedly stacking the mixture for four layers;

2) after fermenting for 7-10 days, turning the stacks, wherein the stacks are turned once every 7 days and can be thoroughly decomposed in 30-40 days to obtain asparagus stem rotting clinker;

3) uniformly mixing the asparagus mother stalk rot clinker, coconut chaff, peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the volume;

4) adding sulfuric acid into the mixture to adjust the pH value of the mixture to 4.5-5.5, adding 30% bactericide hymexazol, mixing uniformly, and packaging.