CN113016487A - Method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi by using light medium - Google Patents
Method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi by using light medium Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi by using a light medium, which comprises the following steps: mixing materials: collecting the chestnut bracts of ripe cone chestnut fruits, crushing the chestnut bracts, mixing the chestnut bracts with sawdust, adding bovine bone meal and cow dung, applying fertilizer, adding water, and uniformly stirring to keep the water content of the mixed material at 60-70%; fermentation: performing compost fermentation on the mixed materials, and finally drying the fermented mixed materials until the water content is 30-40% to obtain the castanea henryi light matrix; seedling culture: mixing the obtained light matrix with loess, peat and perlite to obtain matrix, sterilizing, packaging into container pots, and transplanting the young seedlings of Castanea henryi into container pots. The castanea henryi light medium prepared by the invention has comprehensive and high content of nutrients, has good strong permeability, water retention property and portability, has good characteristics of fertilizer retention and moisture retention, and is high in quality and survival rate of castanea henryi seedlings cultivated by using the castanea henryi light medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forestry biotechnology, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating seedlings of castanea henryi by using a light medium.
Background
Castanea henryi Rehd. et Wils is a plant of the genus Castanea (Castanea) of the family Fagaceae (Fagaceae). The fruits are rich in starch and are one of the important woody grain tree species in the south of China. The castanea henryi is solid in material and resistant to water and moisture, and is a fast-growing high-quality economic tree species for sleepers, buildings, shipbuilding and furniture. In recent years, the castanea henryi rapidly develops in mountainous areas such as Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang and the like, the planting area reaches 100 million hectares at present, tens of thousands of tons of nuts are produced annually, and the yield reaches billions of yuan. The chinquapin industry develops healthily and stably, and high-quality fine-breed nursery stocks cannot be separated.
In the process of culturing seedlings of castanea henryi, peat is an important organic substance resource. But as a non-renewable resource in a short period of time, the great reduction of the resource, and the serious damage to wetland ecology caused by the exploitation of peat, the development of a substitute for peat is urgently needed. Decomposed forest waste is regarded by academia as a very ideal peat substitute and has achieved many promising research results. The plum noble rain and the like substitute turf with agricultural and forestry wastes in different proportions in the birch container seedling culture, and by integrating the growth condition of the container seedlings, the plum noble rain and the like consider that the birch container seedling culture medium has certain feasibility by adopting the agricultural and forestry waste mixed medium with light weight, easy collection and treatment and low cost to substitute the turf. Traditional green waste composting usually takes 90-270 days, and the composting period can be greatly shortened by adjusting composting additives, so that the additives play a vital role in composting, and many researchers develop the effects of different additives. For example, Guerra-Rodri i guez et al added solid poultry manure to a mixture of chestnut leaves and chestnut burs and obtained a mature and stable compost product after 103 d. Arias et al composted green castoff of chestnut forest, medium density fiberboard and pig manure and produced stable compost after 48 days. Furthermore, Sharma et al co-composted flower waste by adding sawdust and cow dung, still obtained the ideal compost product on day 60 of the composting process.
In addition, the seedling height and the ground diameter value of the cultured castanea henryi are low in the conventional castanea henryi seedling culture method, the growth of the castanea henryi seedlings is influenced, and the height and the ground diameter of the castanea henryi seedling cultured by the castanea henryi container seedling culture method like Yuanyin are only 13.73cm and only 3.38cm, so that roots are easily damaged during transplanting, and the survival rate of the seedlings is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for raising seedlings of castanea henryi light medium, which is characterized in that castanea henryi bract, sawdust, cow dung and cow bone powder are mixed and composted according to a specific proportion, the castanea henryi light medium can be matured and stabilized within 38 days, the castanea henryi light medium has high nutrient content and can replace peat for raising seedlings of castanea henryi, and the seedlings of the castanea henryi cultivated by the method have higher seedling height and longer ground diameter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi by using a light medium comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: collecting the chestnut bracts of ripe cone chestnut fruits, crushing the chestnut bracts, mixing the chestnut bracts with sawdust, adding bovine bone meal and cow dung, applying fertilizer, adding water, and uniformly stirring to keep the water content of the mixed material at 60-70%; wherein, the adding amount of the cow bone powder is 0-15 percent of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust, and the adding amount of the cow dung is 35-55 percent of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust;
s2, fermentation: performing composting fermentation on the mixed material obtained in the step S1, continuing for 15-25 days after the temperature of a pile body reaches 50-60 ℃, turning the pile once every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, and finally drying the fermented mixed material until the water content is 30-40% to obtain the castanea henryi light matrix;
s3, seedling culture: mixing the light matrix of the castanea henryi prepared in the step S2 with yellow core soil, peat and perlite to prepare a castanea henryi matrix, sterilizing, subpackaging in container pots, transplanting the castanea henryi seedlings into the container pots, performing seedling management after transplanting, reseeding the non-survived castanea henryi seedlings, watering the seedlings at regular intervals, and removing weeds in the pots at regular intervals in time.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the average length of the pulverized castanea henryi bract is 1 cm.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the fertilizer is urea, and the urea is added in an amount of 1.53% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the bovine bone powder is added in an amount of 15% of the total mass of the chestnut husk and the sawdust, and the bovine bone powder contains amorphous calcium hydrogen phosphate and crystalline hydroxyapatite, and has sodium, calcium, magnesium and citrate ions on the surface.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the cow dung is added in an amount of 55% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the stack is provided with drainage gutters to facilitate drainage when the stack is over hydrated to meet the moisture content requirement.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the high temperature fermentation time of the pack is 20 days; further, pile turning is carried out every 7 days in the process of pile fermentation.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the total composting time is 38 days; and after the composting is finished, drying the mixture to a water content of 35%.
In some embodiments, the volume weight of the castanea henryi light matrix is 0.2-0.4 g/cm375 to 83 percent of total porosity, 55 to 62 percent of air permeability porosity and 19 to 21 percent of water holding porosity.
In some embodiments, the castanea henryi light matrix contains 30-40% of organic matter, 1.1-1.8% of total kjeldahl nitrogen, 0.2-2.4% of total phosphorus, 1.6-2.1% of potassium, 3.5-6.4% of calcium, 0.4-0.7% of sodium, 0.1-0.3% of magnesium and 0.2-1.5% of iron.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the mass ratio of loess: peat: the chinquapin light matrix: perlite 6:1.5: (0.1-0.8): 2.
in some embodiments, in step S3, 0.5% carbendazim is used for sterilization.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the container basin has a gauge of 8 × 12 cm; the planting density of the castanea henryi seedlings in the seedling management stage is 1 plant per pot.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the height of the cultured Castanea henryi seedlings is 53.42-59.29 cm, and the ground diameter is 0.73-0.91 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the light matrix of the castanea henryi is prepared in a composting mode, the castanea henryi bract and the sawdust are directly mixed with the cow dung and the cow bone meal for composting under the condition that no microbial agent is added, the light matrix of the castanea henryi can be obtained only in 38 days by composting according to the raw material dosage ratio and the method, and the composting time is short.
2. The bovine bone meal added in the invention can be used as a phosphorus source additive, so that the content of total phosphorus and citric acid soluble phosphorus is obviously improved, and the content of microorganisms is obviously improved in the composting process, thereby improving the composting efficiency.
3. The composite addition of the cow dung and the cow bone meal improves the composting temperature and the duration time of a high-temperature stage, greatly shortens the composting time and improves the quality of a final compost product.
4. The continuous high-temperature fermentation time of the compost by adopting the method of the invention reaches up to 20 days, the compost meets the sanitary standard of the compost, the produced compost product has no phytotoxicity, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio reaches the production application requirements.
5. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and easily obtained materials, the compost raw materials are agricultural and forestry wastes such as the castanea henryi bract, the sawdust, the cow dung, the cow bone meal and the like, waste materials can be changed into valuable materials, the resources of the castanea henryi forest wastes are fully utilized, the aim of recycling the resources is fulfilled, the environmental pressure can be relieved, the problem of environmental pollution is solved, the production cost is low, and the economic benefit is obvious.
6. The castanea henryi light medium prepared by the invention has comprehensive and high content of nutrients, has good strong permeability, water retention property and portability, has good characteristics of fertilizer retention and moisture retention, and is high in quality and survival rate of castanea henryi seedlings cultivated by using the castanea henryi light medium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a castanea henryi light base product made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the nutrient content of the castanea henryi light base product of example 4;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of ammonium nitrogen content in the composting process of example 4;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the total phosphorus and the phosphorus citrate content in the composting process of example 4;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the content of water-soluble phosphorus in the composting process of example 4;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of different media on the growth of Chinese cabbage seeds;
FIG. 7 shows the growth of Castanea henryi seedlings cultured in the control group of example 1 and examples 2-4.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Description of some terms mentioned below in the present invention:
(1) the yellow core soil is core soil below a soil layer, is red soil developed by limestone, has certain viscosity and has the pH value of 4-6.
(2) The C/N ratio is the ratio of the organic carbon to the total nitrogen, the C/N ratio of the compost product is used to evaluate the maturity of the compost, and a final C/N ratio of less than 20 for the compost mass is generally considered a satisfactory value for the degree of composting.
(3) The castanea henryi seedlings transplanted in the following examples are castanea henryi seedlings which are cultured in the same batch and have the same height and the same ground diameter.
(4) The bovine bone powder contains Korean amorphous calcium hydrogen phosphate and crystalline hydroxyapatite, and contains sodium, calcium, magnesium and citrate ions on the surface.
Example 1
Preparation of first-class and second-class chinquapin light matrix
The preparation method of the castanea henryi light matrix comprises the following steps:
1. mixing materials: collecting chestnut bracts of ripe cone chestnut fruits in a field, firstly crushing the chestnut bracts into particles with the length of 1cm by using a crusher, then mixing the particles with sawdust, adding cow dung accounting for 35% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust without adding cow bone powder, mixing, applying urea accounting for 1.53% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust, adding water, and uniformly stirring to ensure that the water content of a mixed material is 65%;
2. fermentation: preparing the mixed materials in the step 1, fermenting the materials, continuing for 4 days after the temperature of the stack body reaches 50-60 ℃ on day 3, turning the stack once every 7 days in the fermentation process, and finally drying the mixed materials until the water content is 30% to obtain the castanea henryi light matrix; as shown in particular in figure 1.
Determination of compost maturity
(1) Leaching the prepared castanea henryi light matrix with distilled water at a ratio of 1:5 for 24h, and filtering with qualitative filter paper. 5mL of compost extract is added into 9cm culture dishes paved with 2 layers of filter paper, 20 pakchoi seeds are placed into each culture dish, and deionized water is used as a blank control. Placing into a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for dark culture, and carrying out germination test for 48 h. After the experiment is finished, recording the germination number of the seeds and calculating the germination rate; and the length of the root of the germinated seed was measured to calculate the Germination Index (GI).
(2) And (3) measuring the nutrient content and the physical properties of the prepared castanea henryi light matrix, and simultaneously measuring the C/N of the castanea henryi light matrix.
And (3) measuring results:
according to calculation, the Germination Index (GI) of the Chinese cabbage seeds is 92.56%, and the castanea henryi light matrix product has no phytotoxicity;
the C/N ratio of the castanea henryi light matrix is 24.84; the matrix comprises the following nutrients: 43.7% of organic matter, 1.77% of nitrogen, 0.33% of phosphorus, 1.6% of potassium, 3.67% of calcium, 0.51% of sodium, 0.2% of magnesium and 0.21% of iron;
physical properties: volume weight 0.245g/cm3, total porosity 82.06%, air permeability porosity 61.92%, water holding porosity 20.14%.
Secondly, seedling raising
Performing contrast test treatment, mixing yellow core soil, peat, a chinquapin light matrix and perlite according to the mass ratio of 6:1.5:0.1:2 to prepare a chinquapin matrix, sterilizing the chinquapin matrix by using 0.5% carbendazim, subpackaging the chinquapin matrix into container pots (8 multiplied by 12cm), transplanting chinquapin seedlings into the container pots, planting 1 plant in each pot, performing seedling stage management after transplanting, replanting the non-surviving chinquapin seedlings, watering the seedlings at regular intervals, and timely removing weeds in the pots at regular intervals.
After three months of culture, the height of the transplanted castanea henryi seedling is measured to be 37.72cm, and the ground diameter is measured to be 0.66 cm.
Example 2
Preparation of first-class and second-class chinquapin light matrix
1. Mixing materials: collecting chestnut shells with ripe fruits of castanea henryi in a field, crushing the chestnut shells into particles with the length of 1cm by using a crusher, mixing the particles with sawdust, adding bovine bone meal accounting for 15% of the total mass of the chestnut shells and the sawdust and bovine dung accounting for 35% of the total mass of the chestnut shells and the sawdust into the mixture, applying urea accounting for 1.53% of the total mass of the chestnut shells and the sawdust, adding water into the mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture to ensure that the water content of the mixed material is 65%;
2. fermentation: preparing the mixed materials in the step 1, fermenting the materials, continuing for 18 days after the temperature of a pile body reaches 50-60 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days in the fermentation process, and finally drying the mixed materials until the water content is 30% to obtain the castanea henryi light matrix; as shown in particular in figure 1.
Determination of compost maturity
(1) Leaching the prepared castanea henryi light matrix with distilled water at a ratio of 1:5 for 24h, and filtering with qualitative filter paper. Adding 5mL of compost extract into 9cm culture dishes paved with 2 layers of filter paper, adding 20 pakchoi seeds into each culture dish, and taking deionized water as blank control; placing into a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for dark culture, and carrying out germination test for 48 h. After the experiment is finished, recording the germination number of the seeds and calculating the germination rate; and the length of the root of the germinated seed was measured to calculate the Germination Index (GI).
(2) And D, determining the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content of the light matrix prepared in the step two, and determining the C/N of the light matrix.
And (3) measuring results:
according to calculation, the Germination Index (GI) of the Chinese cabbage seeds is 96.34%, and the castanea henryi light matrix product has no phytotoxicity;
the C/N ratio of the castanea henryi light matrix is 25.81; the matrix comprises the following nutrients: 30% of organic matter, 1.16% of nitrogen, 1.81% of phosphorus, 1.98% of potassium, 4.88% of calcium, 0.51% of sodium, 0.31% of magnesium and 1.46% of iron;
physical properties: volume weight 0.362g/cm3, total porosity 75.23%, air permeability porosity 55.19%, water holding porosity 20.04%.
Secondly, seedling raising
The seedling raising test is carried out by selecting the light matrix of the castanea henryi prepared by mixing and fermenting the crushed castanea henryi sawdust, 15 percent of bovine bone meal, 55 percent of cow dung and 1.53 percent of urea.
Mixing yellow core soil, peat, a chinquapin light matrix and perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:1.5:0.3:2 to prepare a chinquapin matrix, sterilizing the chinquapin matrix by using 0.5% carbendazim, subpackaging the chinquapin matrix into container pots (8 multiplied by 12cm), transplanting chinquapin seedlings into the container pots, planting 1 seedling in each pot, managing the seedling stage after transplanting, replanting the enclosed chinquapin seedlings, watering the seedlings at regular intervals, and removing weeds in the pots every month.
After three months of culture, the height of the transplanted castanea henryi seedling is 59.29cm, and the ground diameter is 0.91 cm.
Example 3
Preparation of first-class and second-class chinquapin light matrix
1. Mixing materials: collecting chestnut bracts of ripe cone chestnut fruits in a field, firstly crushing the chestnut bracts by using a crusher, then mixing the chestnut bracts with sawdust, adding cow dung accounting for 55% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust to mix without adding cow bone powder, applying urea accounting for 1.53% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust, adding water and stirring uniformly to ensure that the water content of a mixed material is 65%;
2. fermentation: preparing the mixed materials in the step 1, fermenting, turning over the piles once every 7 days in the fermentation process when the temperature of the piles is not higher than 50 ℃, and finally drying the mixed materials until the water content is 30% to obtain the castanea henryi light matrix; as shown in particular in figure 1.
Determination of compost maturity
(1) Leaching the prepared castanea henryi light matrix with distilled water at a ratio of 1:5 for 24h, and filtering with qualitative filter paper. Adding 5mL of compost extract into 9cm culture dishes paved with 2 layers of filter paper, adding 20 pakchoi seeds into each culture dish, and taking deionized water as blank control; placing into a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for dark culture, and carrying out germination test for 48 h. After the experiment is finished, recording the germination number of the seeds and calculating the germination rate; and the length of the root of the germinated seed was measured to calculate the Germination Index (GI).
(2) Measuring the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content of the prepared castanea henryi light matrix, and measuring the C/N of the light matrix.
And (3) measuring results:
the Germination Index (GI) of the Chinese cabbage seeds is calculated to be 95.39 percent, and the castanea henryi light matrix product has no phytotoxicity;
the C/N ratio of the castanea henryi light matrix is 26.79; the matrix nutrient composition is as follows: 43.78% of organic matter, 1.64% of nitrogen, 0.21% of phosphorus, 1.65% of potassium, 3.82% of calcium, 0.4% of sodium, 0.17% of magnesium and 0.4% of iron;
physical properties: volume weight 0.205g/cm3, total porosity 78.68%, air permeability porosity 59.15%, water retention porosity 19.53%.
Secondly, seedling raising
The seedling raising test is carried out by selecting the light matrix of the castanea henryi prepared by mixing and fermenting the crushed castanea henryi sawdust, 15 percent of bovine bone meal, 55 percent of cow dung and 1.53 percent of urea.
Yellow core soil, peat, a castanea henryi light matrix and perlite according to the mass ratio of 6:1.5: 0.6: 2, sterilizing with 0.5% carbendazim, subpackaging in container pots (8 × 12cm), transplanting the castanea henryi seedlings into the container pots, performing seedling management after transplanting, replanting the non-survived castanea henryi seedlings, watering the seedlings regularly, and removing weeds in the pots.
After three months of culture, the height of the transplanted castanea henryi seedlings is measured to be 55.23cm, and the ground diameter is measured to be 0.81 cm.
Example 4
Preparation of first-class and second-class chinquapin light matrix
1. Mixing materials: collecting chestnut bracts of ripe cone chestnut fruits in a field, firstly crushing the chestnut bracts into particles with the length of 1cm by using a crusher, then mixing the particles with sawdust, then adding cow bone powder accounting for 15% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust and cow dung accounting for 55%, mixing, applying urea accounting for 1.53% of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust, adding water, and uniformly stirring to ensure that the water content of a mixed material is 65%;
2. fermentation: preparing the mixed materials obtained in the step 1, fermenting, continuing for 21 days after the temperature of a fermentation pile body reaches 50-60 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days in the fermentation process, and finally drying the mixed materials until the water content is 30% to obtain the castanea henryi light matrix, wherein the concrete is shown in figure 1. In this example, the variation of ammonium nitrogen content, the variation of total phosphorus and citric acid content, and the variation of water-soluble phosphorus content in the composting process are shown in fig. 3 to 5, respectively;
determination of compost maturity
(1) Leaching the prepared castanea henryi light matrix with distilled water at a ratio of 1:5 for 24h, and filtering with qualitative filter paper. 5mL of compost extract is added into 9cm culture dishes paved with 2 layers of filter paper, 20 pakchoi seeds are placed into each culture dish, and deionized water is used as a blank control. Placing into a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for dark culture, and carrying out germination test for 48 h. After the experiment is finished, recording the germination number of the seeds and calculating the germination rate; measuring the length of the root of the germinated seed, and calculating a Germination Index (GI);
in addition, 20 plantlet cabbage seeds are respectively put into the loess and the peat, and the growth of the plantlet cabbage seeds is carried out under different matrixes. The growth of the pakchoi seeds in different media is shown in figure 6.
(2) Measuring the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content of the prepared castanea henryi light matrix, and measuring the C/N of the light matrix.
And (3) measuring results:
the Germination Index (GI) of the Chinese cabbage seeds is calculated to be 104.21 percent, and the castanea henryi light matrix product has no phytotoxicity;
as shown in FIG. 2, the C/N ratio of the castanea henryi light matrix is 18.32; the matrix nutrient composition is as follows: 31.07% of organic matters, 1.7% of nitrogen, 2.31% of phosphorus, 2.04% of potassium, 6.35% of calcium, 0.7% of sodium, 0.29% of magnesium and 1.08% of iron; physical properties: volume weight 0.344g/cm3, total porosity 77.21%, air permeability porosity 56.27%, and water holding porosity 20.95%.
Secondly, seedling raising
The seedling raising test is carried out by selecting the light matrix of the castanea henryi prepared by mixing and fermenting the crushed castanea henryi sawdust, 15 percent of bovine bone meal, 55 percent of cow dung and 1.53 percent of urea.
Yellow core soil, peat, a castanea henryi light matrix and perlite according to the mass ratio of 6:1.5: 0.8: 2 to prepare a chinquapin matrix, sterilizing the chinquapin matrix by using 0.5 percent carbendazim, subpackaging the chinquapin matrix into container pots (8 multiplied by 12cm), transplanting chinquapin seedlings into the container pots, planting 1 plant in each container pot, performing seedling management after transplanting, replanting the non-surviving chinquapin seedlings, watering the seedlings at regular intervals, and removing weeds in the pots.
After three months of culture, the height of the transplanted castanea henryi seedlings is measured to be 53.42cm, and the ground diameter is measured to be 0.73 cm.
In summary, the experimental results of examples 2 to 4 and example 1 (wherein, the growth of the castanea henryi seedlings cultured in the white control group and examples 2 to 4 in example 1 is shown in fig. 7) show that the growth of the castanea henryi seedlings can be significantly promoted and the effect is significant when the castanea henryi seedlings are cultured by using the castanea henryi light medium of the present invention.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi by using a light medium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: collecting the chestnut bracts of ripe cone chestnut fruits, crushing the chestnut bracts, mixing the chestnut bracts with sawdust, adding bovine bone meal and cow dung, applying fertilizer, adding water, and uniformly stirring to keep the water content of the mixed material at 60-70%; wherein, the adding amount of the cow bone powder is 0-15 percent of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust, and the adding amount of the cow dung is 35-55 percent of the total mass of the chestnut bracts and the sawdust;
s2, fermentation: performing composting fermentation on the mixed material obtained in the step S1, continuing for 15-25 days after the temperature of a pile body reaches 50-60 ℃, turning the pile once every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, and finally drying the fermented mixed material until the water content is 30-40% to obtain the castanea henryi light matrix;
s3, seedling culture: mixing the light matrix of the castanea henryi prepared in the step S2 with yellow core soil, peat and perlite to prepare a castanea henryi matrix, sterilizing, subpackaging in container pots, transplanting the castanea henryi seedlings into the container pots, performing seedling management after transplanting, reseeding the non-survived castanea henryi seedlings, watering the seedlings at regular intervals, and removing weeds in the pots at regular intervals in time.
2. The method for raising seedlings of castanea henryi with light medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the average length of the castanea henryi bracts after being pulverized is 1 cm.
3. The method for cultivating seedlings of castanea henryi with light substrates according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the fertilizer is urea, and the addition amount of urea is 1.53% of the total mass of the castanea henryi bract and the sawdust.
4. The method for cultivating Castanea henryi seedling on light medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the bovine bone powder is added in an amount of 15% of the total weight of chestnut bract and sawdust, and contains amorphous calcium hydrogen phosphate and crystalline hydroxyapatite, and has sodium, calcium, magnesium and citrate ions on the surface.
5. The method for cultivating seedlings of castanea henryi with light substrates as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the cow dung accounts for 55% of the total mass of the castanea henryi bract and the sawdust.
6. The method for raising seedlings of castanea henryi with light substrates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume weight of the castanea henryi with light substrates is 0.2-0.4 g/cm375 to 83 percent of total porosity, 55 to 62 percent of air permeability porosity and 19 to 21 percent of water holding porosity.
7. The method for cultivating seedlings of castanea henryi with a light medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light medium contains 30-40% of organic matter, 1.1-1.8% of total kjeldahl nitrogen, 0.2-2.4% of total phosphorus, 1.6-2.1% of potassium, 3.5-6.4% of calcium, 0.4-0.7% of sodium, 0.1-0.3% of magnesium and 0.2-1.5% of iron.
8. The method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi with light substrates as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the ratio of yellow-core soil: peat: the chinquapin light matrix: perlite 6:1.5: (0.1-0.8): 2.
9. the method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi with a light medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, 0.5% carbendazim is used for disinfection.
10. The method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi with a light medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the height of the cultured castanea henryi seedlings is 53.42-59.29 cm, and the ground diameter is 0.73-0.91 cm.
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