KR101644774B1 - Winter feed formula for olive flounder - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an assorted feed for flatfish in the winter season, which includes crude protein 56 wt%, crude lipid 16 wt%, crude ash 15.3 wt% and others 12.7 wt%. The present invention can raise healthy hatchery fish by increasing feed efficiency and weight gain of the growing flatfish in a low water temperature fish farming environment in the winter season with breeding water average water temperature 14.31.9C at which feed intake decreases remarkably, by providing the feed composition for the flatfish in the winter season.

Description

Winter feed formula for olive flounder}

The present invention relates to a flounder compound feed for winter season, and more particularly to a flounder compound feed for winter season, comprising 56 wt% crude protein, 16 wt% crude lipid, 15.3 wt% Which is suitable for increasing weight gain, feed efficiency and the like of the flounder.

In order for fish to grow and function, various nutrients are needed. Among them, about 65 ~ 75% of the protein, which is converted into solid organic matter, is the essential nutrient that has the greatest influence on the growth of fish. . Therefore, it is a priority consideration in the production of anchovy feed.

Because of the high percentage and high cost of protein in the production of feed for diets, studies on the optimal protein content of diets are essential for the economical development of diets. Studies on the energy ratio (P / E ratio) of protein as well as the protein content are important for economical formulation feed development.

Energy is not a nutrient, but it is basically required for the survival of life and is necessary for all the processes of metabolism in the body of an animal. Energy is also released during the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, depending on the animal's type, age, size, food intake, animal activity and physiological status. The optimum amount of each nutrient in the feed is closely related to the energy content in the feed. Thus, information on the amount of available energy in feedstuffs is important in providing an overall assessment of the value of each feedstock and an appropriate ratio of nutrients and energy to feedstuffs.

Unlike terrestrial animals, fish, in particular, use an animal protein source such as fish meal more effectively than a carbohydrate source or vegetable protein source. Animal protein sources such as fish meal are the most expensive sources of energy, making economic and efficient diets And focus on the ratio of the energy content to the protein requirement. For this reason, the energy requirements of fish represent protein and energy ratios. Protein and energy ratios must always be balanced, because the energy content of the feed is too low or too high to affect the growth of the fish.

In order to compensate for the insufficient energy, the fish are used as an energy source to lower the protein efficiency, to lower the growth rate, to decompose the protein, to produce ammonia, and to excrete excess nitrogen . On the other hand, feeding more energy than protein would reduce the feed intake of fish, resulting in inadequate intake of essential nutrients and growth. In addition, if the energy content in the feed is excessively high, the fat accumulates in the fish body excessively and becomes less valuable as a food. Therefore, protein and energy ratios in feed have been studied in many fish species for the growth and commercialization of aquaculture fish and the development of economical combination feeds.

Especially, many studies have been conducted on the flounder that is produced the most in Korea. The protein energy ratio of flounder flounder was 16.7 kJg ^-1 at 45% of optimum protein requirement, which was known as the proper protein energy ratio in 8 g size flounder. We also reported that the optimum protein requirement of 4.1 g sized flounder fed with feed containing 17.0 kJg ^-1 energy was 51.2%.

On the other hand, in aquaculture, water temperature is one of the external factors influencing fish growth. As the temperature of fish changes, the activity of digestive enzymes in the body changes according to the change of water temperature. When the water temperature is lowered, digestive enzymes and metabolism activity are lowered and the feed intake is lowered. On the other hand, And the activity of food intake is increased. If the water temperature rises above the appropriate water temperature, the food intake activity will fall again.

In the natural environment of flounder, the water temperature is in the range of 10 ~ 27 ℃, the optimal water temperature in the aquaculture environment is 8 ~ 25 ℃ and the optimal water temperature is 21 ~ 24 ℃. . Therefore, changes in food intake due to changes in water temperature affect the absorption of nutrients by fish, so it is necessary to study the proper protein energy ratio according to the season.

According to studies in European perch, when feeds were prepared with different protein contents at different water temperatures, growth and feed efficiency were better at 25 ° C compared to 18 ° C. High protein / low fat diets and low protein / high fat diets were not significantly different in the fermented European salmon at 2 ℃ water temperature, but the digestibility of lipids showed high digestibility in low protein / high fat diets. Therefore, even in the same fish species, protein energy ratio may vary depending on the size of the fish body, and the protein energy ratio may be different even at the low water temperature and high water temperature.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-1997-011558 discloses an invention relating to marine aquaculture fish, particularly, a marine flounder and a marine flounder containing a large amount of chitosan, which has recently been recognized as a health food. And also to minimize water pollution, and a method for producing the same. Korean Patent No. 10-0660642 relates to a feed composition for flounder cultivation and more particularly to a protein feed source including a fish meal and a krill, a tuna by-product fish meal, a conglutin mill, a soybean meal or a mixture thereof, a carbohydrate source, The present invention relates to a feed composition for flounder culturing including a micronutrient source. The composition can be used as a protein source by replacing a portion of fish meal with krill to promote the growth of flounder, thereby improving the growth rate and feed efficiency and improving aquaculture productivity. By replacing a portion of fish meal with a fish meal of tuna by- It is possible to save the cost of production, and thus it is possible to save the foreign currency, and as a part of the fish meal is replaced with soybean meal or conglutin mill, it is economical to provide a dietary composition for flounder cultivation. In Korean Patent No. 10-1087019, natural physiologically active substances such as fermented milk of mushroom lactic acid, polysaccharide of seaweed, and quartz stone are contained to enhance anti-infectivity by natural immunity enhancement of marine fishes, prevention of anemia by improving oxygen transport ability by increase of hemoglobin, A feed additive for marine fish which has effects of promoting growth by promoting digestion and promotion of intestinal absorption, increasing feed efficiency, improving meat quality by increasing natural minerals and vitamins, decreasing mortality due to improvement of water quality environment of aquaculture tank, Discloses a feed for marine fish culturing that is manufactured by being included in aquaculture feed. However, the present invention relates to a flounder compound feed for winter season, which is suitable for increasing the weight gain and feed efficiency of the flounder, including 56 wt% crude protein, 16 wt% crude lipid, 15.3 wt% Shows differences in its composition and effect.

Among the components constituting the feed, the protein has a high ratio and has been considered as an important energy source of the cultured fish, and has been a standard for establishing the feed of the fish. Conventionally, when the feedstuff of uniform composition is supplied to the changes of the aquaculture environment including the water temperature, the aquaculture is not sufficiently fed or the feed efficiency is not improved due to sufficient metabolic activity even when it is fed. In particular, there is a problem in that the efficiency of the winter season style can not be sufficiently increased because a sufficient feeding to the low temperature season of the winter season can not be performed and the sufficient growth and growth of the fish body can not be induced. This is because the digestive enzymes and metabolism activities in the aquaculture are changed according to the change of water temperature and the feed intake is also different.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the optimum ratio of protein and fat to the change of the aquatic environment such as water temperature, thereby maximizing the protein efficiency in the cultured fish according to the growth and seasonal changes of the flounder and increasing the feed efficiency. The purpose of this study was to provide a flounder diet that can produce healthy aquaculture even in the cold water season.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a flat flounder feed for winter, which comprises 56% by weight of crude protein, 16% by weight of crude lipids, 15.3% by weight of ash, and 12.7% by weight of other ingredients and energy of 4700 to 5070 cal / , And it is possible to increase the body weight gain and feed efficiency of the flounder in the low temperature culture environment with the average water temperature of 14.3 ± 1.9 ℃.

According to the protein / fat composition ratio of the present invention, the feed of the flounder flounder fed to the flounder of the cold season is fed with the proper ratio of the protein and the fat suitable for the change of the aquatic environment such as water temperature, Maximizing the efficiency of protein in the feed and increasing the feed efficiency, thus reducing the waste of feed and producing healthy fish.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth rate and feed efficiency of the flounder flounder fed with different protein / fat composition ratios.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the obesity index and the liver weight index of the flounder flounder fed with different protein / fat composition ratios.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the fitness of the flounder according to the protein / fat composition ratio of the flounder flounder according to the present invention.

The compound feed of the flounder according to the present invention is characterized by a crude protein content of 56% by weight, crude lipid content of 16% by weight, crude lipid content of 15.3%, other 12.7% by weight, energy of 4700 ~ 5070 cal / g, The present invention is to provide a compound feed of seasoned flounder for winter season to increase the weight gain and feed efficiency of the flounder flounder in a low temperature culture environment with an average water temperature of 14.3 ± 1.9 ° C. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

A. Experiments for determination of flounder feed composition suitable for winter season

A.1. Production of experimental feed

Table 1 shows the composition and general components of the experimental feed used in the present invention. In the preceding experiment, the feed composition of 53-56% by weight of protein and 10 ~ 16% by weight of lipid in the winter season, the average temperature of 14.3 ± 1.9 ℃, showed the highest feed rate and growth effect of the flounder.

When the contents of protein and lipid were higher than 56% by weight and 16% by weight respectively, the stability of the feed form and the feed consumption of the flounder decreased, and the amount of protein and lipid Was less than 53% by weight and less than 10% by weight, respectively, the weight gain of the cultured fish body was significantly decreased.

In order to determine the best protein / lipid content ratio in the present invention based on the results of the preceding experiments, a total of six experimental diets were used as the protein source of the experimental diets, Lipid contents were designed as 10%, 13% and 16% by adding fish oil as a lipid source.

Wheat flour and tapioca starch were used as carbohydrate sources, and wheat flour was adjusted according to protein content and lipid content. All of the experimental diets were purchased from the Jeju Fish Culture Co., Ltd., And were manufactured as floating feed with 9 ~ 11mm diameter of feed size using EP machine. After the preparation, they were stored at room temperature in National Fisheries Research Institute.

Composition of flounder mixed diet for winter season
Experimental Section High protein / low fat
(P56 / L10) High Protein / Stopping Room
(P56 / L13) High protein / high fat
(P56 / L16) Low protein / low fat
(P53 / L10) Low protein / cessation room
(P53 / L13) Low protein / high fat
(P53 / L16) Anchovy fish meal
(Peru) 71.0 71.0 71.0 66.0 66.0 66.0 Krill mill 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Fermented soybean paste 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Fish oil 2.0 5.0 8.0 2.5 5.5 8.5 Wheat flour
(Second grade) 11.0 8.0 5.0 15.5 12.5 9.5 Tapioca starch 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Choline chloride 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Vitamin + mineral products 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Methionine 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Potassium monophosphate 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Other additives 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 Nutrition Factor (%, building) moisture 9.3 7.1 8.2 8.6 8.5 7.5 Crude protein 56.3 56.1 56.0 53.2 53.0 52.8 Crude lipid 9.9 13.0 16.1 10.0 13.1 16.2 Views min 15.5 15.2 15.3 14.2 14.3 14.2 energy
(cal / g) 4,570 4,707 5,069 4,389 4,667 4,878

^* Emulsifier (lecithin), taurine, betaglucan, enzymes, probiotics

A.2. Experimental language  And breeding management

Experimental animals were randomly assigned to 3 replicates per experimental group, each of which contained 474 ± 12.10g of the average weight of the flounder in a 3 - ton round water tank. The average water temperature during the experiment period was 14.3 ± 1.9 ℃ (12.4 ~ 16.2 ℃), which corresponds to the mean water temperature in winter season. The feed was supplied once a day (10 am) with full cloth. Total breeding period was 9 weeks.

A.3. Body  Measure

The body weight was measured once every 4 weeks. After 24 hours of the experiment, MS-222 was anesthetized at 100 ppm to measure its total weight. In order to evaluate the effects of diets on growth, feed efficiency, protein conversion efficiency, lipid conversion efficiency, human growth rate, daily feed intake rate and survival rate, 5 rats (5 x 3 repeats) , Liver weight index, and visceral weight index were measured.

A.4. General compositional analysis

Experimental diets, liver, back muscles and fin specimens were taken and analyzed for general composition. The analysis of liver, back muscles and fins was carried out by grinding each sample of 5 rats in each tank. The moisture was measured after drying for 6 hours in a dry oven at 105 ° C according to the method of AOAC (2002) (N × 6.25) were analyzed using the Auto Kjeldahl System (Gerhardt VAP50OT / TT125, KG, Germany). Crude fat was extracted with ether using Velv SER 148 (Usmate, Italy) and measured.

A.5. Statistical processing

The results were analyzed using mean and standard deviation (mean ㅁ SD) for each group. All data were analyzed using the SPSS program for Windows (Statistical Package for Social Science, Chicago, IL, USA) And Duncan's multiple range test was performed after repeated ANOVA test. All statistical significance levels were determined at P <0.05.

B. Determination of flounder feed composition suitable for winter season

Table 2 shows the results of breeding flounder mixed feed for winter season according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth rate and feed efficiency of flounder according to the feed of flounder flounder in winter. For the evaluation of the protein energy ratio during the winter season of the flounder, the crude protein contents were determined as 53% and 56%, respectively. The crude protein contents were 10%, 13%, and 16% Are shown in Table 2 and Fig.

The weight gain and the specific growth rate of P56 / L16 were significantly higher than those of P56 / L10, P56 / L13, P53 / L10, P53 / L13 and P53 / L16 P <0.05), P53 / P53 and L10 / L13 experimental phrase P56 / L10, P56 / P53 and L13 / L16 experiment was lower than the sphere in significantly (P <0.05).

Feed efficiency was significantly higher in the P56 / L16 experimental group than in the P56 / L10, P56 / L13, P53 / L10, P53 / L13 and P53 / L16 experimental groups ( P <0.05 ) L10 was significantly lower than that of P56 / L10, P56 / L13, P53 / L13, P56 / L16 and P53 / L16 groups ( P <0.05 ). Protein conversion efficiency (Protein efficiency ratio) is P56 / L16 experimental group is P56 / L10, P53 / L10, P53 / L13 , and P53 / L16 was found significantly higher than those in experiments phrases (P <0.05), P56 / L13 experimental There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P> 0.05 ). Daily feed intake of P56 / L16 was significantly higher than that of P56 / L13, P53 / L10, P53 / L13 and P53 / L16.

Survival was significantly lower in the P56 / L10 experimental group than in the P56 / L16 experimental group. The results of this experiment showed high growth, feed efficiency and survival rate in experimental fish fed high protein diet in winter with low water temperature. Also, the higher the fat content, the better the growth, feed efficiency and survival rate.

In other fish species, the optimum protein content according to the energy level of the feed is known to show the greatest growth in the feed with a protein content of 45% of the energy level of 4500 cal / g for the frying eel. The protein content of the yellowtail king fish was estimated to be 45.6% for the energy of 2870 cal / g when the weight of the fish was less than 200g, and the weight of the fish was 200 ~ 1000g In the case of the inside and outside, the protein content to the energy of 3600 cal / g level is 46.5% and the protein content to the energy 4300 cal / g level is 43.2% when the weight of the body is 1000g or more. It can be seen that the protein energy ratio varies depending on the fish species, size and environmental conditions, and thus it is important to establish and establish a proper protein energy ratio necessary for breeding period flounder in the winter environment.

Experimental results of flounder mixed diet for winter season Experimental Section High protein / low fat
(P56 / L10) High Protein / Stopping Room
(P56 / L13) High protein / high fat
(P56 / L16) Low protein / low fat
(P53 / L10) Low protein / cessation room
(P53 / L13) Low protein / High fat
(P53 / L16) initial weight (g / fish) 475 ± 19.5 486 ± 12.7 478 ± 13.3 465 ± 18.3 477 ± 7.4 475 ± 8.6 Final weight (g / fish) 598 ± 26.4 635 ± 12.4 668 ± 28.6 561 ± 23.0 582 ± 11.2 596 ± 8.9 ² Weight gain (%) 26.0 ± 1.62 ^c 30.5 ± 2.07 ^b 39.9 ± 2.73 ^a 20.9 ± 0.63 ^d 22.0 ± 0.51 ^d 25.3 + - 0.47 ^{c 3} Feed efficiency (%) 70.7 ± 3.20 ^c 76.6 ± 3.21 ^b 83.7 ± 3.12 ^a 66.0 ± 1.59 ^d 70.7 ± 1.36 ^c 74.3 ± 1.88 ^{b 4} Specific growth rate (%) 0.30 0.02 ^c 0.35 + 0.02 ^b 0.44 + 0.03 ^a 0.25 0.01 ^d 0.26 ± 0.01 ^d 0.29 0.01 ^{c 5} Protein efficiency ratio 1.18 ± 0.16 ^c 1.66 ± 0.13 ^ab 1.84 + 0.03 ^a 1.04 + - 0.10 ^c 1.14 + - 0.14 ^c 1.46 ± 0.23 ^{b 6} Daily feed intake (%) 0.42 0.03 ^c 0.45 + 0.01 ^b 0.52 + 0.01 ^a 0.37 + 0.02 ^c 0.37 + 0.01 ^c 0.39 0.02 ^{c 7} Condition factor 1.12 ± 0.05 ^ns 1.14 ± 0.06 1.20 0.11 1.10 ± 0.07 1.11 + 0.07 1.12 + 0.02 ⁸ Hepatosomatic index 1.30 ± 0.11 ^bc 1.49 ± 0.08 ^b 1.96 + 0.15 ^a 1.21 0.20 ^c 1.38 ± 0.07 ^bc 1.42 ± 0.09 ^{bc 9} Survival (%) 93.4 ± 2.23 ^b 97.3 ± 4.62 ^ab 100 ± 0.00 ^a 98.7 ± 2.22 ^a 96.0 ± 4.00 ^ab 97.3 ± 2.36 ^ab

¹ Values are means of triplicate groups of fish where values are different in each row with different superscripts are significantly different ( P <0.05).

² Weight gain (%) = (final weight - initial weight) × 100 / initial weight.

³ Feed efficiency (%) = wet weight gain (g) × 100 / dry feed intake (g).

⁴ Specific growth rate (%) = (log _e finalwt.-log _e initialwt.) / Days.

⁵ Protein efficiency ratio = wet weight gain / protein intake.

⁶ Daily feed intake (%) = feed intake (dry matter) × 100 / [(initial fish wt. + Final wt. + Dead fish wt.) 2 × days fed].

⁷ condition factor = 100 x bady weight / total body length ³

⁸ Hepatosomatic index = liver weight / body weight x 100

⁹ Survival (%) = Number of fish at end of experiment / Number of fish stock × 100

In general, the protein energy ratio of the flounder was 45% and the crude lipid content was 11%, and the maximum growth rate, feed efficiency and daily growth rate were found according to the energy level of 4000 Kcal in the flounder. The optimum lipid content was 10 ~ 50g in the summer, which was ~ 24 ℃. The optimum lipid content was in the range of 9 ~ 10% (Energy: 4,774 kcal, P / E ratio: 108mg protein / kcal).

However, as a result of the experiment for the present invention, it was confirmed that the feed composition having higher protein and lipid contents than summer had higher feed rate, feed efficiency and daily growth rate, so that different feed composition was required for summer and winter season. The reason for this difference is that the feed intake of fish varies depending on the water temperature.

In general, high protein content in feeds results in a decrease in growth as the amount of carbohydrates or lipids increases. Unlike mammals, fish have low availability to carbohydrate and lipid energy and high protein availability, It is interpreted that the energy-causing lipids have an effect of being excessively added, which may adversely affect growth. In fact, in the preliminary experiment, the optimum lipid content in the flounder (10 ~ 50g) at summer (21 ~ 24 ℃) was found to be lowered when the lipid was overproduced (not shown).

However, in contrast to the previous experiment, this experiment showed that the growth rate was higher in the experimental group fed the high protein and high fat diet in the feed, which was significantly lower in the winter than in the summer Feeding protein and energy higher than usual is considered to have good growth.

Previous studies have shown that the optimum feed rate for 240 grams of flounder cultured at 19 to 21 ° C is 1.09% per fish body, and at 12 to 14 ° C The feed rate of 370g of flounder was reported to be 0.51% per fish body, and the feed rate of 317g flounder at 21 ~ 24 ℃ was reported to be 0.99%. Therefore, feed intake of fish of the same species, You can see the difference. Therefore, in the winter when the optimum feed intake rate is lowered, increasing the protein and energy in the feed can be found to be good for growth, feed efficiency and feed intake.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the condition factor and hepatosomatic index of the flounder according to the protein / lipid composition ratio of the flounder flounder according to the present invention. The obesity index of the flounder flounder showed no significant difference in all experimental groups ( P> 0.05 ) but the obesity index tended to increase as the lipid content increased. Liver weight index in P56 / L16 experimental group showed a P56 / L10, P56 / 13 P53 / L10, P53 / L13 , and P53 / L16 experimental spheres significantly higher results than <0.05).

The results of this experiment showed that the liver weight index was significantly increased with high protein / high fat diet. These results indicate that the pentose posphate cycle is sensitive to the feeding rate of fish and the excess energy is reduced to fatty acids through the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) produced by the pentose phosphate cycle And the converted pantothenic acid reacts with glycerol to become a triglyceride and accumulate in the liver. Therefore, it can be seen that the higher the energy content in the feed, the more fat is accumulated in the liver tissue .

Table 3 shows numerical values of the feed suitability of the experimental group according to the protein / fat composition ratio of the flounder flounder compound according to the present invention by each evaluation item, and FIG. 3 is a graph showing the quantified values by contour lines.

Evaluation of protein / fat composition ratio feed compatibility of flounder flounder in winter Experimental Section High protein / low fat
( P56 / L10 ) High protein / Stop room
( P56 / L13 ) High protein / high fat
( P56 / L16 ) Low protein / Low fat
( P53 / L10 ) Low protein / Stop room
( P53 / L13 ) Low protein / High fat
( P53 / L16 ) ² Weight gain (%) 3 2 One 6 5 4 ³ Feed efficiency (%) 4 2 One 6 5 3 ⁴ Specific growth rate (%) 3 2 One 6 5 4 ⁵ Protein efficiency ratio 4 2 One 6 5 3 ⁶ Daily feed intake (%) 3 2 One 5 5 4 ⁷ Condition factor 3 2 One 6 5 4 ⁸ Hepatosometic index 5 2 One 6 4 3 ⁹ Survival (%) 6 3 One 2 5 3 Total Score 31 17 8 43 39 28

Feed efficiency, daily growth rate, protein conversion efficiency, daily feed intake rate, obesity index and hepatic liver counts recorded in the experimental groups P53 / L10, P53 / L13, P53 / L16, P56 / L10, P56 / L13 and P56 / The scores were ranked 1st to 6th grades in the best order and the sixth grade in the lowest grade, respectively, and the total scores were compared. The lower the combined score, the more suitable feed composition is for flounder feed in winter.

In each evaluation item, the highest grade was obtained in the experimental group with high protein / high fat feed composition of P56 / L16 and lowest in the low protein / low fat group of P53 / L10. In addition, as a result of the basic experiment, it was excluded from the protein / fat feed composition area because the crude protein and crude lipid contents were too high (arginine) rather than the growth of the flounder (growth inhibition area). As shown in FIG. 3, the higher the energy content in the feed, the more favorable the flounder style in the breeding period in winter season.

Therefore, it is necessary to study the proper protein energy ratio according to the season because seasonal demand of protein energy ratio does not affect not only growth of fish body but also health of fish body. Using these results, the optimum protein energy ratio of the breeding flounder (474 ± 12.10g) showed the best effect on the growth rate, feed efficiency, daily growth rate and feed intake rate in 56% crude protein and 16% crude lipid, 4% by weight of krill powder, 4% by weight of fermented soybean meal, 8% by weight of fish oil, 5% by weight of wheat flour, 4% by weight of tapioca starch, 0.2% by weight of choline chloride, 0.5% by weight of vitamins and minerals, 1% by weight of calcium monophosphate, and 2.2% by weight of other additives were determined for the flounder feed composition for winter season.

The present invention provides a flounder compound feed for winter season, characterized in that the crude protein content is 56% by weight, the crude lipid is 16% by weight, the aspartame is 15.3%, and the other is 12.7% by weight. In the low temperature culture environment of 1.9 ℃, it can be used industrially because it increases breeding habit and feed efficiency of breeding flounder so that healthy farming can be raised and the farming fish is increased in income.

Claims (5)

Nutrient content of the flounder cultured diets fed on the growing season was 14.3 ± 1.9 ℃ at the average water temperature of 14.3 ± 1.9 ℃. The nutrients were 56% by weight of crude protein, 16% by weight of crude lipids, 15.3% by weight of whey protein and 12.7% by weight of others.
The composition of the nutrient composition was as follows: anchovy fish meal 71 wt%, krill powder 4 wt%, fermented soybean meal 4 wt%, fish oil 8 wt%, wheat flour 5 wt%, tapioca starch 4 wt%, choline chloride 0.2 wt% 0.5% by weight of a mixture, 0.1% by weight of methionine, 1% by weight of calcium monophosphate and 2.2% by weight of other additives;
The other additives include at least one selected from the group consisting of emulsifiers, taurine, beta-glucan, enzymes, and probiotics;
Wherein the energy of the nutritional composition is 4700 ~ 5070 cal / g. delete delete delete delete

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