KR100566597B1 - 역자화 손실이 작고 극성이 높은 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법 - Google Patents
역자화 손실이 작고 극성이 높은 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001224 Grain-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical class [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016964 MnSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009422 growth inhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Mn+2] VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009772 tissue formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1255—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/1211—Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract
Description
다음으로 본원발명에서 사용하는 용강에 함유되어 있는 주성분들의 첨가 목적과 상하한 한정 이유에 대하여 설명한다.
C는 오스테나이트 형성 원소이다. 이러한 효과를 달성하기 위해서는 0.01 wt%가 필요하다. 따라서, 특허청구범위 제5항에서는 C의 오스테나이트 형성 효과를 보장하기 위하여 C 함량의 하한을 0.03wt%로 설정한다. 그러나, C 함량이 0.1wt%를 초과하면, 특허청구범위 제1항에 따라 냉간 압연 후에 실시하는 강의 탈탄이 곤란해진다. 따라서, 특허청구범위 제3항에서는, 한편으로 C의 오스테나이트 형성 효과와 다른 한편으로 강의 탈탄과 관련된 비용 사이의 균형을 최적화하기 위하여, C의 함량의 상한을 0.05wt%로 한정한다.
본 발명에 따른 강 내에 0.3wt%까지 존재하는 Cu는 결정립 성장 억제제로서 작용하는 구리 황화물의 형성을 가능하게 한다. MnS에 비하여, 구리 황화물의 장점은 고용 온도가 낮다는 점이다. 따라서, 특허청구범위 제5항에서는, 이러한 효과를 달성하기 위하여, 최소 Cu 함량을 0.05wt%로 규정한다. Cu 함량이 0.3wt%를 초과하면 석출물의 바람직하지 않은 조대화가 일어날 수 있다.
Mn은 강의 열간 가공성을 향상시키고 오스테나이트 안정화 효과가 있다. MnS도 결정립 성장 억제제로서 작용한다. 따라서, 특허청구범위 제5항에서는, 이러한 효과를 달성하기 위하여 최소 Mn 함량을 0.05wt%로 규정한다. 그러나, Mn 함량이 0.15%를 초과하면 석출물의 바람직하지 않은 조대화가 일어날 수 있고, 따라서 MnS의 결정립 성장 억제 효과가 달성되지 않을 수 있다.
Cu 또는 Mn의 존재에 따라, S는 구리 및/또는 망간 황화물을 형성하는 데 필요하다. 그러나, S 함량이 0.06%를 초과하면 황화물 형성 효과가 포화한다.
AlN도 본 발명에 따른 방법으로 제조된 강 내에 억제제로서 작용할 수 있다. 특허청구범위 제5항에서 규정하고 있는 바와 같이, Al을 최소 0.015wt%의 함량으로 첨가하고 N을 최소 0.005wt%의 함량으로 첨가함으로써, Al과 N의 존재에 의한 억제제로서의 효과가 안정적으로 달성될 수 있다. Al 함량이 0.065wt%를 초과하고 N 함량이 0.015wt%를 초과하면 본 발명의 방향성 전기 강판의 자속 밀도가 감소하게 된다.
강 | C | Si | Mn | S | Al | N | Cu | Sn |
A | 0.076 | 3.25 | 0.077 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.008 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
B | 0.060 | 3.15 | 0.077 | 0.025 | 0.027 | 0.008 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
C | 0.040 | 3.15 | 0.085 | 0.027 | 0.022 | 0.008 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
D | 0.030 | 3.15 | 0.063 | 0.020 | <0.003 | <0.005 | - | - |
강 A | 강 B | 강 C | 강 D | |||
Vg | Tw | tw | Z | Z | Z | Z |
(m/min) | (℃) | (min) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) |
2.8 | 1130 | 0 | 49 | 73 | 72 | > 95 |
2.8 | 1130 | 50 | 33 | 45 | 60 | > 95 |
2.8 | 1050 | 12 | 45 | 52 | 67 | > 95 |
2.8 | 1000 | 17 | 24 | 47 | 59 | > 95 |
> 95 | ||||||
4.5 | 1130 | 0 | 40 | 58 | 71 | |
4.5 | 1130 | 50 | 32 | 48 | 56 | > 95 |
4.5 | 1050 | 12 | 40 | 50 | 47 | > 95 |
4.5 | 1000 | 17 | 23 | 50 | 45 | > 95 |
Tw (℃) | 1100 | 1050 | 1000 | 950 | 900 | 850 |
Z (%) | 65 | 50 | 45 | 55 | 60 | 65 |
Claims (10)
- 중량 퍼센트(wt%)로2.5 내지 4.0%의 Si,0.01 내지 0.10%의 C,0.30% 이하의 Cu,0.15% 이하의 Mn,0.060% 이하의 S,0.065% 이하의 Al,0.015% 이하의 N,0.10% 이하의 P, 및Fe와 불가피한 불순물의 잔부를 함유하는 강을 용해하는 단계와,700℃를 초과하는 온도로 냉각되어 응고되는 두께가 25 내지 100mm인 스트랜드(strand)로 상기 용강을 연속 주조하고, 그 다음에 곧 바로 박슬라브로 분할하는 단계와,그 다음에 공정 라인에 설치되고 1170℃ 이하의 온도에서 최대 60분 동안 상기 박슬라브들을 재가열하는 균열로(equalisation furnace)를 관통하여 통과시키는 단계와,그 다음에 두께가 0.5 내지 3.0mm인 열간 스트립을 제조하기 위하여 공정 라인에 설치되고 제1 성형 패스가 1150℃ 이하의 압연 스톡 온도에서 20% 이상의 두께의 감소율로 실행되는 다수의 스탠드(stand) 열간 압연기로 상기 박슬라브를 연속 압연하는 단계와,그 다음에 상기 열간 스트립을 권취하는 단계와,그 다음에 재결정 중간 소둔을 구비한 하나 이상의 단계에서 0.15 내지 0.50mm의 최종 두께로 상기 온간 스트립을 냉간 압연하는 단계와,그 다음에 상기 냉간 스트립을 재결정 및 탈탄을 위해 어닐링하고 주로 MgO를 함유한 어닐링 분리제를 제공하고 고스(Goss) 조직을 얻기 위해 최종적으로 소둔하는 단계와,상기 최종적으로 소둔된 냉간 스트립을 전기 절연재로 코팅하고 응력 이완 소둔을 행하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 40mm 미만의 중간 두께에서 8mm 이상의 중간 두께로 압연 스톡(stock)을 열간 압연하는 동안, 두 개 이하의 연속적인 성형 패스에서 고압 냉각 장치의 수단에 의해 1000℃ 미만의 온도로 냉각시키고 최종 두께로 압연하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, C, Mn 및 S의 함량을, 중량 퍼센트(wt%)로,0.01 내지 0.050%의 C,0.05 내지 0.10%의 Mn,0.015 내지 0.035%의 S로 더욱 한정한 용강을 박슬라브로 주조하는 단계와, 균질 소둔 후 0.7 내지 1.3mm의 최종 두께로 열간 압연하는 단계와, 최종 냉간 형상 단계에서 45% 내지 75% 범위의 두께의 감소율로 스트립을 냉간 압연하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 열간 스트립이 800 내지 1100℃에서 소둔되거나 900℃ 이하의 온도에서 권취되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 중량 퍼센트(wt%)로,2.5 내지 4.0%의 Si,0.03 내지 0.1%의 C,0.05 내지 0.10%의 Mn,0.015 내지 0.035%의 S,0.05 내지 0.3%의 Cu,0.015 내지 0.065%의 Al,0.005 내지 0.015%의 N,0.10% 이하의 P, 및철과 불가피한 불순물의 잔부를 함유하는 상기 열간 스트립이 용강으로부터 박슬라브로 주조되는 단계와,균열 소둔 후 0.5 내지 3.0mm의 두께로 열간 압연하는 단계와950 내지 1150℃에서 30 내지 300초 동안 상기 열간 스트립을 석출 소둔하고 20k/sec 이상의 냉각 속도로 연속적으로 가속 냉각시키는 단계를 포함하고, 상기 소둔은 70% 내지 90% 두께의 감소율로 냉간 성형의 최종 단계전에 실행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, S, Cu, Al 및 N의 함량을, 중량 퍼센트(wt%)로,0.010% 이하의 S,0.010% 이하의 Cu,0.015% 이상 0.065% 이하의 Al, 및0.005% 이상 0.015% 이하의 N으로 더욱 한정한 용강을 박슬라브로 주조하고 0.5 내지 3.0mm 두께로 열간 압연하는 단계와, 1000℃ 내지 1150℃에서 30 내지 300초 동안 상기 열간 스트립을 석출 소둔하고 연속적으로 20k/sec 이상의 냉각 속도로 가속 냉각시키는 단계와, 그 후 45% 내지 90% 두께의 감소율로 최종 냉간 성형하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 용강이 액상 온도를 초과하는 최대 25k의 과열 온도로 주조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 추가 AlN 입자들은 최종 스트립 두께로 냉간 압연된 스트립의 질화처리에 의해 100nm의 최대 입자 사이즈로 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,상기 용강은 As, Sn, Sb, Te 및 Bi의 성분 중 하나 이상을 각각 중량 퍼센트로 0.2% 이하 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 용강은 As, Sn, Sb, Te 및 Bi의 성분 중 하나 이상을 각각 중량 퍼센트로 0.2% 이하 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향성 전기 강판 제조 방법.
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DE19745445A DE19745445C1 (de) | 1997-10-15 | 1997-10-15 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kornorientiertem Elektroblech mit geringem Ummagnetisierungsverlust und hoher Polarisation |
DE19745445.3 | 1997-10-15 | ||
PCT/EP1998/005732 WO1999019521A1 (de) | 1997-10-15 | 1998-09-09 | Verfahren zur herstellung von kornorientiertem elektroblech mit geringem ummagnetisierungsverlust und hoher polarisation |
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DE (2) | DE19745445C1 (ko) |
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CA2306208A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
US6524400B1 (en) | 2003-02-25 |
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MY122168A (en) | 2006-03-31 |
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ZA988932B (en) | 1999-03-31 |
EP1025268B1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
TW397869B (en) | 2000-07-11 |
BR9813255A (pt) | 2000-08-22 |
CZ20001339A3 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
EP1025268A1 (de) | 2000-08-09 |
AU9267098A (en) | 1999-05-03 |
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