JPH0694896A - Disposal method for radioactive graphite waste - Google Patents

Disposal method for radioactive graphite waste

Info

Publication number
JPH0694896A
JPH0694896A JP24481692A JP24481692A JPH0694896A JP H0694896 A JPH0694896 A JP H0694896A JP 24481692 A JP24481692 A JP 24481692A JP 24481692 A JP24481692 A JP 24481692A JP H0694896 A JPH0694896 A JP H0694896A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
graphite
graphite waste
radioactive
waste
radioactive graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP24481692A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3043185B2 (en
Inventor
Kouya Tejima
考弥 手嶌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority to JP4244816A priority Critical patent/JP3043185B2/en
Publication of JPH0694896A publication Critical patent/JPH0694896A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3043185B2 publication Critical patent/JP3043185B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00Specific waste
    • F23G2209/18Radioactive materials

Landscapes

  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a method which can reduce in volume radioactive graphite waste such as the sleeve of an used fuel bar and graphite blocks at a core substantially, and can bury them underground so as to dispose of them. CONSTITUTION:Radioactive graphite waste is crushed, and is burnt out at the temperature of 800 to 1200 deg.C by an incinerator 2 while C-14 and H-3 are being formed into CO2, and H2O, so that they are singly recovered in a gasous form by a CO2 absorbing tower. Residues from the incinerator 2 and material recovered are set up using cement and the like, and are buried underground so as to be disposed of.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、例えば原子炉の燃料棒
のスリーブや炉心の黒鉛ブロック等として使用された放
射性グラファイト廃棄物の処理方法に関するものであ
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating radioactive graphite waste used, for example, as a sleeve of a fuel rod of a nuclear reactor or a graphite block of a core.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】原子炉の燃料棒はグラファイト製スリー
ブの内部に燃料要素本体を収納したものであり、燃料棒
の交換の際にこのスリーブが放射性グラファイト廃棄物
として出ることになる。また廃炉時には、炉心の黒鉛ブ
ロックが放射性グラファイト廃棄物として一時的に大量
発生することになる。一般に低レベル放射性廃棄物は地
中に埋設処分する計画が進められているのであるが、処
分場においては廃棄物中の総放射能量及び最大放射能濃
度が規制されており、上記の放射性グラファイト廃棄物
は含まれるC-14、H-3 、Co-60 、Ni-59 、Sr-90 等の放
射性核種のうち、特にC-14、H-3 の濃度や総放射能量が
多いためにそのまま埋設処分することが不可能である。
2. Description of the Related Art A fuel rod of a nuclear reactor has a fuel element body housed inside a graphite sleeve, and this sleeve is discharged as radioactive graphite waste when the fuel rod is replaced. Further, at the time of decommissioning, a large amount of graphite blocks in the core will be temporarily generated as radioactive graphite waste. Generally, low-level radioactive waste is being buried in the ground, but the disposal site regulates the total amount of radioactivity and the maximum radioactivity concentration in the landfill. Among the radionuclides such as C-14, H-3, Co-60, Ni-59, Sr-90, etc., which are contained, it is buried as it is because the concentration of C-14 and H-3 and the total radioactivity are large. It is impossible to dispose.

【0003】従って従来はこのような放射性グラファイ
ト廃棄物はそのまま原子力発電所の構内に保管されてお
り、多くの保管スペースを必要とするためにその解決策
が求められていた。
Therefore, conventionally, such radioactive graphite waste is stored in the premises of a nuclear power plant as it is, and a solution thereof is required because it requires a large storage space.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記した従来
の問題点を解決し、使用済み燃料棒のスリーブおよび炉
心の黒鉛ブロックのような放射性グラファイト廃棄物を
大幅に減容し、かつ埋設処分を可能とした放射性グラフ
ァイト廃棄物の処理方法を提供するために完成されたも
のである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art by significantly reducing the volume of radioactive graphite waste such as spent fuel rod sleeves and graphite blocks of the core, and disposing of it in a buried manner. It has been completed to provide a method for treating radioactive graphite waste that enables

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めになされた本発明は、放射性グラファイト廃棄物を粉
砕し、800 〜1200℃で焼却することによりC-14、H-3 を
CO2 、H2O として回収するとともに、残渣を固型化する
ことを特徴とする放射性グラファイト廃棄物の処理方法
を要旨とするものである。
Means for Solving the Problems The present invention made to solve the above problems is to crush radioactive graphite waste and incinerate it at 800 to 1200 ° C. to remove C-14 and H-3.
The gist is a method for treating radioactive graphite waste, which is characterized by recovering CO 2 and H 2 O and solidifying the residue.

【0006】[0006]

【実施例】以下に本発明を図示の実施例とともに更に詳
細に説明する。図1に示すように、まず放射性グラファ
イト廃棄物は破砕機や粉砕機1にかけられ、例えば1.5
mm以下の大きさに粉砕される。粉砕の程度は焼却炉2の
能力により決められるものである。
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1, first, the radioactive graphite waste is put into a crusher or a crusher 1, and for example, 1.5
It is crushed to a size of less than mm. The degree of crushing is determined by the capacity of the incinerator 2.

【0007】粉砕された放射性グラファイト廃棄物はス
クリューフィーダ3により焼却炉2に投入され焼却され
る。実施例の焼却炉2は循環流動床炉であり、O2濃度を
28〜32%程度まで富化した燃焼用空気を吹き込み、燃焼
性の悪いグラファイトの燃焼性を高めることが好まし
い。燃焼用空気のO2濃度を富化しない場合には、燃焼時
間が長くなり、また不完全燃焼するグラファイトも残る
こととなる。逆に、O2濃度をこれよりも高くすれば設備
コストも高く、経済的ではなくなる。なお燃焼温度は80
0 〜1200℃とし、C-14、H-3 を含有するグラファイトを
完全にCO2 、H2Oに変化させる。燃焼温度が800 ℃より
も低いとグラファイトの不完全燃焼が生じたり長い処理
時間が必要となり、1200℃よりも高いと焼却炉耐火物の
損傷が生じ易くなる。
The crushed radioactive graphite waste is put into the incinerator 2 by the screw feeder 3 and incinerated. The incinerator 2 of the embodiment is a circulating fluidized bed furnace, and has an O 2 concentration of
It is preferable to blow combustion air enriched to about 28 to 32% to enhance the combustibility of graphite having poor combustibility. If the O 2 concentration in the combustion air is not enriched, the combustion time will be long and incompletely burned graphite will remain. On the contrary, if the O 2 concentration is higher than this, the equipment cost will be high and it will not be economical. The combustion temperature is 80
At 0 to 1200 ° C., the graphite containing C-14 and H-3 is completely converted into CO 2 and H 2 O. When the combustion temperature is lower than 800 ° C, incomplete combustion of graphite occurs and a long treatment time is required, and when it is higher than 1200 ° C, the incinerator refractories are easily damaged.

【0008】燃焼ガスはサイクロン4に導かれて未燃焼
のグラファイト粒子とガス成分とに分離し、未燃焼のグ
ラファイト粒子は再び焼却炉2に戻して燃焼させる。ま
た粒径の細かい残渣(焼却灰)はサイクロン4を通過す
るが、次のセラミックフィルタ5によって完全にガスと
分離される。燃料棒のスリーブや炉心の黒鉛ブロックに
は夾雑物が1%未満の高純度のグラファイトが使用され
ているので、残渣の発生量はごくわずかであり、しかも
残渣中にはC-14、H-3 が全く含まれない。このためにセ
ラミックフィルタ5によって分離された残渣は埋設処分
上の制約は少なく、従来法によるセメント固化やプラス
チック固化が可能である。
The combustion gas is guided to the cyclone 4 and separated into unburned graphite particles and gas components, and the unburned graphite particles are returned to the incinerator 2 for combustion. Further, the residue (incineration ash) having a small particle size passes through the cyclone 4, but is completely separated from the gas by the next ceramic filter 5. Since high-purity graphite containing less than 1% of impurities is used in the fuel rod sleeve and core graphite block, the amount of residue generated is very small, and C-14 and H- in the residue. 3 is not included at all. For this reason, the residue separated by the ceramic filter 5 has few restrictions on burial disposal, and can be solidified by cement or plastic by a conventional method.

【0009】一方、セラミックフィルタ5によって分離
されたCO2 、H2O を含有するガスはHEPAフィルタ6を通
したうえ、CO2 吸収塔7により、CO2 およびH2O を除去
される。この結果C-14およびH-3 も同時に除去される。
このようにしてCO2 、H2O を除去された後の排ガスは排
ガスブロワ8を介してスタック9から大気中へ放出され
る。また、CO2 吸収塔7により除去されたC-14、H-3 を
含むCO2 、H2O 等はセメント固化処理される。
On the other hand, the gas containing CO 2 and H 2 O separated by the ceramic filter 5 passes through the HEPA filter 6 and the CO 2 absorption tower 7 removes CO 2 and H 2 O. As a result, C-14 and H-3 are also removed at the same time.
The exhaust gas from which CO 2 and H 2 O have been removed in this way is released from the stack 9 into the atmosphere via the exhaust gas blower 8. Moreover, CO 2, H 2 O or the like including a C-14, H-3, which is removed by the CO 2 absorber 7 are cement solidification.

【0010】このように、本発明の方法によればC-14、
H-3 はガス状態となり単独で容易に回収が可能である。
またこれらは単独で回収されるために減容効果が大き
く、セメント固化処理すれば将来の処理、処分への対応
が容易となる。
Thus, according to the method of the present invention, C-14,
H-3 becomes gas and can be easily recovered by itself.
In addition, since these are individually recovered, the volume reduction effect is great, and if cement solidification treatment is performed, future treatment and disposal will be easy.

【0011】なお、CO2 吸収の方法には物理的吸着法や
化学的吸着法をはじめ各種の方法があるが、CO2 、H2O
を燃焼ガス中から確実に分離除去することができる方法
であれば、任意の方法を取ることができる。また本発明
の処理対象となる放射性グラファイト廃棄物は必ずしも
燃料棒のスリーブに限定されるものではなく、原子炉に
おいて使用されるその他のグラファイト質の廃棄物につ
いても同様に処理できることはいうまでもないことであ
る。
[0011] Although the method of the CO 2 absorption there is started various methods of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption method, CO 2, H 2 O
Any method can be used as long as it can be reliably separated and removed from the combustion gas. Further, it goes without saying that the radioactive graphite waste to be treated in the present invention is not necessarily limited to the sleeve of the fuel rod, and other graphite waste used in the nuclear reactor can be treated in the same manner. That is.

【0012】[0012]

【発明の効果】以上に説明したように、本発明の放射性
グラファイト廃棄物の処理方法によれば、そのままでは
埋設処分できない放射性グラファイト廃棄物を粉砕し、
焼却することにより、C-14、H-3 をCO2 、H2O として回
収するとともに、残渣を固型化するようにしたので、大
幅な減容が可能であり、かつ残渣やC-14、H-3 を含む回
収物はセメント固化により容易に処理することが可能で
ある。よって本発明によれば従来のように放射性グラフ
ァイト廃棄物をそのまま保管しておく必要がなく、産業
の発展に寄与するところは極めて大きいものである。
As described above, according to the method for treating radioactive graphite waste of the present invention, radioactive graphite waste that cannot be buried as it is is crushed,
By incineration, C-14 and H-3 are recovered as CO 2 and H 2 O, and the residue is solidified, so it is possible to significantly reduce the volume and to remove the residue and C-14. , H-3 can be easily treated by cement solidification. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to store radioactive graphite waste as it is, as in the conventional case, and it greatly contributes to industrial development.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の実施例を示すフローシートである。FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an example of the present invention.

【符号の説明】 1 破砕機、粉砕機 2 焼却炉 3 スクリューフィーダ 4 サイクロン 5 セラミックフィルタ 6 HEPAフィルタ 7 CO2 吸収塔 8 排気ブロワ 9 スタック[Explanation of symbols] 1 crusher, crusher 2 incinerator 3 screw feeder 4 cyclone 5 ceramic filter 6 HEPA filter 7 CO 2 absorption tower 8 exhaust blower 9 stack

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 放射性グラファイト廃棄物を粉砕し、80
0 〜1200℃で焼却することによりC-14、H-3 をCO2 、H2
O として回収するとともに、残渣を固型化することを特
徴とする放射性グラファイト廃棄物の処理方法。
1. A method for crushing radioactive graphite waste to obtain 80
C-14 and H-3 are converted into CO 2 and H 2 by incineration at 0 to 1200 ° C.
A method for treating radioactive graphite waste, which comprises recovering as O 2 and solidifying the residue.
JP4244816A 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste Expired - Fee Related JP3043185B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4244816A JP3043185B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4244816A JP3043185B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0694896A true JPH0694896A (en) 1994-04-08
JP3043185B2 JP3043185B2 (en) 2000-05-22

Family

ID=17124383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4244816A Expired - Fee Related JP3043185B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3043185B2 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001033587A (en) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-09 Ngk Insulators Ltd Treating method and device of radioactive graphite
KR101102438B1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2012-01-05 (주)한국원자력 엔지니어링 System for treatment of waste resin
JP2014013236A (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-23 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc System and method for processing and storing cooling liquid after accident
JP2015120110A (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-07-02 株式会社バイオメルト Contaminated water purification system
JP2016508228A (en) * 2013-01-09 2016-03-17 エレクトリシテ・ドゥ・フランス Equipment for treating carbonaceous radioactive waste, especially graphite
CN106024088A (en) * 2016-05-23 2016-10-12 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 Liquid-phase oxidation digesting method for radioactive contaminated carbon material
CN107940468A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-04-20 江西正拓新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of waste recovery systems of graphite cathode material
RU2660169C1 (en) * 2017-08-24 2018-07-05 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Горно - Химический Комбинат" (Фгуп "Гхк") Method of removal of carbon-14 from reactor graphite
CN108361713A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-08-03 青岛天和清原科技有限公司 A kind of middle low-level waste hot chemical treatment method
CN113393952A (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-09-14 中国辐射防护研究院 Fluidized bed reactor for treating radioactive waste graphite

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WO2008153674A1 (en) 2007-06-09 2008-12-18 Boris Kobrin Method and apparatus for anisotropic etching
US8518633B2 (en) 2008-01-22 2013-08-27 Rolith Inc. Large area nanopatterning method and apparatus
US8192920B2 (en) 2008-04-26 2012-06-05 Rolith Inc. Lithography method
CA2807639A1 (en) 2010-08-23 2012-03-01 Rolith, Inc. Mask for near-field lithography and fabrication the same

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001033587A (en) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-09 Ngk Insulators Ltd Treating method and device of radioactive graphite
KR101102438B1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2012-01-05 (주)한국원자력 엔지니어링 System for treatment of waste resin
JP2014013236A (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-23 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc System and method for processing and storing cooling liquid after accident
US9368241B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2016-06-14 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc System and method for processing and storing post-accident coolant
JP2016508228A (en) * 2013-01-09 2016-03-17 エレクトリシテ・ドゥ・フランス Equipment for treating carbonaceous radioactive waste, especially graphite
JP2015120110A (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-07-02 株式会社バイオメルト Contaminated water purification system
CN106024088A (en) * 2016-05-23 2016-10-12 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 Liquid-phase oxidation digesting method for radioactive contaminated carbon material
RU2660169C1 (en) * 2017-08-24 2018-07-05 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Горно - Химический Комбинат" (Фгуп "Гхк") Method of removal of carbon-14 from reactor graphite
CN107940468A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-04-20 江西正拓新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of waste recovery systems of graphite cathode material
CN108361713A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-08-03 青岛天和清原科技有限公司 A kind of middle low-level waste hot chemical treatment method
CN113393952A (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-09-14 中国辐射防护研究院 Fluidized bed reactor for treating radioactive waste graphite

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