JP2001033587A - Treating method and device of radioactive graphite - Google Patents
Treating method and device of radioactive graphiteInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001033587A JP2001033587A JP11208806A JP20880699A JP2001033587A JP 2001033587 A JP2001033587 A JP 2001033587A JP 11208806 A JP11208806 A JP 11208806A JP 20880699 A JP20880699 A JP 20880699A JP 2001033587 A JP2001033587 A JP 2001033587A
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- Prior art keywords
- radioactive
- graphite
- oxygen
- radioactive graphite
- melting furnace
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、原子力施設から発
生する放射性黒鉛の処理方法及び装置に関するものであ
り、特に放射性雑固体廃棄物とともに放射性黒鉛を処理
するに適した放射性黒鉛の処理方法及び装置に関するも
のである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating radioactive graphite generated from a nuclear facility, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for treating radioactive graphite suitable for treating radioactive graphite together with radioactive miscellaneous solid waste. It is about.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】黒鉛減速型原子炉からは、その廃止措置
に伴い多量の放射性黒鉛が廃棄物として発生する。また
これとともに、黒鉛以外の金属やコンクリート等の不燃
性の雑固体廃棄物も廃炉廃棄物として発生するため、こ
れらを高周波溶融またはプラズマ溶融する計画が進めら
れている。これらの方法は溶融炉内に空気又は酸素を導
入することにより、放射性黒鉛の焼却と不燃性の雑固体
廃棄物の溶融とを同時に行わせる方法である。2. Description of the Related Art A large amount of radioactive graphite is generated as waste from a graphite-moderated nuclear reactor due to its decommissioning. At the same time, non-combustible miscellaneous solid wastes such as metals and concrete other than graphite are also generated as decommissioning wastes, and a high-frequency or plasma melting plan for these is being developed. In these methods, air or oxygen is introduced into a melting furnace to simultaneously incinerate radioactive graphite and melt incombustible miscellaneous solid waste.
【０００３】ところが放射性黒鉛と不燃性の雑固体廃棄
物とを一緒に高周波溶融またはプラズマ溶融しようとす
ると、黒鉛は不燃物の溶湯の中に沈んでしまい、酸素と
の接触が悪くなる。このため黒鉛の燃焼速度が大幅に低
下し、実用的な処理速度が得られない。特に廃止措置に
伴って発生する放射性黒鉛はこぶし大程度のものが大半
であるため溶湯に沈み易くなっている。However, when radioactive graphite and non-combustible miscellaneous solid waste are to be subjected to high-frequency melting or plasma melting together, the graphite sinks into the molten non-combustible material, resulting in poor contact with oxygen. For this reason, the burning speed of graphite is greatly reduced, and a practical processing speed cannot be obtained. In particular, most of the radioactive graphite generated during the decommissioning process is large in fist size, so it tends to sink in the molten metal.
【０００４】そこで所定の黒鉛の処理能力を確保するた
めには、同一の溶融炉を放射性黒鉛の単独焼却処理と、
不燃物の溶融処理との二つの運転モードで運転する必要
がある。しかしその結果、不燃物の溶融時間が減少する
ため、年間の不燃物処理目標を達成するためには大容量
の処理設備が必要となって、建設コスト及びランニング
コストが高くなるという問題が生ずる。しかもこぶし大
の放射性黒鉛は燃焼速度が極めて小さいために、破砕・
粉砕等の前処理が必要となり、更に設備コストの高騰を
招くこととなる。Therefore, in order to secure a predetermined graphite processing capacity, the same melting furnace is used for incineration of radioactive graphite alone,
It is necessary to operate in two operation modes, that is, the incombustibles melting process. However, as a result, the melting time of the incombustibles is reduced, so that a large-capacity treatment facility is required in order to achieve the annual incombustibles treatment target, and there is a problem that construction costs and running costs increase. In addition, fist-sized radioactive graphite has a very low burning rate,
Pretreatment such as pulverization is required, which further increases equipment costs.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記した従来
の問題点を解決し、放射性黒鉛を不燃性の雑固体廃棄物
とともにコンパクトな装置で迅速に焼却処理することが
できる放射性黒鉛の処理方法及び装置を提供するために
なされたものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides a method for treating radioactive graphite which can be rapidly incinerated with a noncombustible miscellaneous solid waste by a compact apparatus. And devices.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めになされた本発明の放射性黒鉛の処理方法は、放射性
雑固体廃棄物の溶融炉の出口に接続された二次燃焼室に
放射性黒鉛の塊を投入して酸素含有ガスで燃焼させ、放
射性黒鉛を焼却するとともに、発生した高温ガスにより
溶融炉の排ガスを二次燃焼させることを特徴とするもの
である。なお、酸素含有ガスは富酸素空気とすることが
好ましい。また、発生した高温ガスを溶融炉に導入して
燃焼空気として利用することも好ましい。Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for treating radioactive graphite of the present invention comprises a radioactive graphite in a secondary combustion chamber connected to an outlet of a melting furnace for radioactive solid waste. And burning it with an oxygen-containing gas to incinerate radioactive graphite, and secondary combustion of the exhaust gas from the melting furnace with the generated high-temperature gas. The oxygen-containing gas is preferably oxygen-rich air. It is also preferable that the generated high-temperature gas is introduced into a melting furnace and used as combustion air.
【０００７】また上記の課題を解決するためになされた
本発明の放射性黒鉛の処理装置は、放射性雑固体廃棄物
の溶融炉の出口に接続された二次燃焼室の炉体に、溶融
炉からの排ガス導入口、放射性黒鉛の供給口、加熱用バ
ーナ、酸素含有ガス供給口、放射性黒鉛の燃焼用固定
床、排ガス出口を設けたことを特徴とするものである。
なお、加熱用バーナを酸素含有ガス供給口を備えた富酸
素バーナとすることができる。[0007] Further, the radioactive graphite treatment apparatus of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, comprises a radioactive miscellaneous solid waste furnace body of a secondary combustion chamber connected to an outlet of a melting furnace. , An exhaust gas inlet, a radioactive graphite supply port, a heating burner, an oxygen-containing gas supply port, a radioactive graphite combustion fixed bed, and an exhaust gas outlet.
The heating burner can be an oxygen-rich burner provided with an oxygen-containing gas supply port.
【０００８】本発明によれば、放射性雑固体廃棄物の溶
融炉からの排ガス中に含まれる未燃分を完全燃焼させる
ために設けられている二次燃焼室の床を利用して、放射
性黒鉛を酸素含有ガスで燃焼させる。この結果、二次燃
焼室内の温度を１０００℃以上の高温に維持しつつ、こ
ぶし大の放射性黒鉛をも迅速に燃焼させることができ
る。しかもこれにより発生した高温ガスを溶融炉に導入
して溶融炉における燃焼空気として利用することによ
り、熱効率の向上と溶融処理速度の向上とを図ることが
できる。この結果、設備を大型化することなく放射性黒
鉛を不燃性の雑固体廃棄物とともに迅速に焼却処理する
ことができ、また放射性黒鉛を予め破砕・粉砕する必要
もない。なお、廃活性炭等炭素質の廃棄物も黒鉛と同様
に処理することができる。以下に図面を参照しつつ、本
発明の好ましい実施形態を示す。According to the present invention, radioactive graphite is utilized by utilizing a floor of a secondary combustion chamber provided for completely burning unburned components contained in exhaust gas from a melting furnace for radioactive solid waste. Is burned with an oxygen-containing gas. As a result, fist-sized radioactive graphite can be quickly burned while maintaining the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher. Moreover, by introducing the generated high-temperature gas into the melting furnace and using it as combustion air in the melting furnace, it is possible to improve the thermal efficiency and the melting processing speed. As a result, the radioactive graphite can be quickly incinerated together with the non-combustible miscellaneous solid waste without increasing the size of the equipment, and there is no need to previously crush and crush the radioactive graphite. Note that carbonaceous waste such as waste activated carbon can be treated in the same manner as graphite. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は本発明の装置全体の概略的
な断面図、図２は二次燃焼室の拡大断面図である。図１
に示される１は溶融炉、２はその出口に接続された二次
燃焼室である。金属、コンクリート等の放射性雑固体廃
棄物は炉内のるつぼ３に投入され、加熱源４により加熱
されて溶融される。この図１では溶融炉１は高周波溶融
炉であるため加熱源４として高周波コイルが設置されて
いるが、プラズマトーチを加熱源４としたプラズマ溶融
炉としてもよい。このような放射性雑固体廃棄物の溶融
炉自体は公知のものである。FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the entire apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a secondary combustion chamber. FIG.
1 is a melting furnace, and 2 is a secondary combustion chamber connected to its outlet. Radioactive miscellaneous solid waste such as metal and concrete is put into a crucible 3 in a furnace, and is heated and melted by a heating source 4. In FIG. 1, since the melting furnace 1 is a high-frequency melting furnace, a high-frequency coil is installed as the heating source 4. However, a plasma melting furnace using a plasma torch as the heating source 4 may be used. Such a melting furnace for radioactive solid waste itself is known.
【００１０】この溶融炉１の排ガスは、二次燃焼室２に
導かれて未燃分を完全燃焼させる。通常は二次燃焼室２
は単にバーナーを備えた空間であるが、本発明の二次燃
焼室２には、溶融炉１からの排ガス導入口５及び排ガス
出口６のほかに、、放射性黒鉛の供給口７と放射性黒鉛
の燃焼用固定床８とが設けられている。前記したように
廃止措置に伴い発生する放射性黒鉛はほぼこぶし大の大
きさであり、そのような放射性黒鉛の塊が図２に示すよ
うに供給口７から燃焼用固定床８に供給される。供給は
バッチ供給としてもよいが、連続的に定量供給すること
が安定性を確保するうえで好ましい。The exhaust gas from the melting furnace 1 is guided to the secondary combustion chamber 2 to completely burn unburned components. Normally secondary combustion chamber 2
Is simply a space provided with a burner. In the secondary combustion chamber 2 of the present invention, in addition to the exhaust gas inlet 5 and the exhaust gas outlet 6 from the melting furnace 1, a supply port 7 of radioactive graphite and a radioactive graphite supply port 7 are provided. A fixed bed 8 for combustion is provided. As described above, the radioactive graphite generated as a result of the decommissioning is approximately the size of a fist, and such a mass of radioactive graphite is supplied from the supply port 7 to the fixed combustion bed 8 as shown in FIG. The supply may be a batch supply, but it is preferable to continuously supply a constant amount in order to ensure stability.
【００１１】二次燃焼室２には溶融炉１から数百℃の排
ガスが流入してくるが、前記したように黒鉛の塊はその
ままでは燃焼速度が小さい。そこで本発明では二次燃焼
室２に、加熱用バーナと酸素含有ガス供給口とを設け、
放射性黒鉛を１０００〜１３００℃で富酸素燃焼させる
ようにした。酸素含有ガス供給口は加熱用バーナと別に
設けてもよいが、この実施形態では酸素含有ガス供給口
を備えた富酸素バーナ９を用い、燃焼用固定床８上の放
射性黒鉛を酸素含有ガスで燃焼させる。Exhaust gas at a temperature of several hundred degrees Celsius flows from the melting furnace 1 into the secondary combustion chamber 2, but as described above, the burning rate is small if the graphite lump remains as it is. Therefore, in the present invention, a heating burner and an oxygen-containing gas supply port are provided in the secondary combustion chamber 2,
The radioactive graphite was burned in an oxygen-rich state at 1000 to 1300 ° C. Although the oxygen-containing gas supply port may be provided separately from the heating burner, in this embodiment, the oxygen-rich burner 9 having the oxygen-containing gas supply port is used, and the radioactive graphite on the fixed combustion bed 8 is treated with the oxygen-containing gas. Burn.
【００１２】この燃焼は、二次燃焼室２の内部への供給
酸素濃度が２１％でも燃焼が可能であるが、２１％より
やや高いことが好ましく、実験の結果では２３〜３５％
程度とすればよいことが判明した。酸素濃度が２１％の
通常燃焼の場合には放射性黒鉛の燃焼速度が低く、しか
も二次燃焼室２の出口のＣＯ濃度が１０００ｐｐｍを越
えるためにバーナで助燃する必要があった。しかし２３
％を越えれば放射性黒鉛の燃焼速度は向上し、出口のＣ
Ｏ濃度も１０ｐｐｍ以下となり、バーナの助燃も不要で
あった。なお酸素濃度が高すぎると二次燃焼室２の温度
が上昇し過ぎるうえ、不経済となる。このため、二次燃
焼室２の内部の酸素濃度は２３〜３５％程度が好まし
く、より好ましくは２５〜３２％である。This combustion can be performed even if the concentration of oxygen supplied to the interior of the secondary combustion chamber 2 is 21%, but is preferably slightly higher than 21%, and as a result of experiments, 23 to 35%
It turned out that it should just be a degree. In the case of normal combustion with an oxygen concentration of 21%, the burning rate of radioactive graphite was low, and the CO concentration at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 2 exceeded 1000 ppm, so that it was necessary to burn with a burner. But 23
%, The burning rate of the radioactive graphite increases, and the C
The O concentration was also 10 ppm or less, and burner combustion was not required. If the oxygen concentration is too high, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 2 will rise too much, and it will be uneconomical. Therefore, the oxygen concentration inside the secondary combustion chamber 2 is preferably about 23 to 35%, more preferably 25 to 32%.
【００１３】この結果、放射性黒鉛は迅速に燃焼すると
ともに、１０００℃以上の高温ガスを発生する。この高
温によって溶融炉１から送り込まれてくる排ガス中の未
燃分は完全燃焼され、図１に示される冷却塔１０、セラ
ミックフィルタ１１、ＨＥＰＡフィルタ１２等を経由し
て放射性を除去されたうえで更に脱硝装置等に送られ
る。また、二次燃焼室２の高温ガスの一部は配管１３を
経由して溶融炉１に送られ、不燃物中に含まれる可燃物
の燃焼用空気として利用することができる。このように
高温ガスを溶融炉１に返送すれば、溶融炉１の熱効率及
び溶融処理速度を向上させることができる。As a result, the radioactive graphite burns rapidly and generates a high-temperature gas of 1000 ° C. or higher. Due to this high temperature, the unburned components in the exhaust gas sent from the melting furnace 1 are completely burned, and after the radioactivity is removed via the cooling tower 10, ceramic filter 11, HEPA filter 12, etc. shown in FIG. Further, it is sent to a denitration device and the like. In addition, a part of the high-temperature gas in the secondary combustion chamber 2 is sent to the melting furnace 1 via the pipe 13 and can be used as combustion air for combustibles contained in incombustibles. When the high-temperature gas is returned to the melting furnace 1 in this manner, the thermal efficiency and the melting processing speed of the melting furnace 1 can be improved.
【００１４】なお、運転開始時の二次燃焼室２の温度が
上昇していない状態で放射性黒鉛を投入してもうまく燃
焼させることができないので、予めオイル等を燃料とし
てバーナーを焚き、所定温度まで昇温させてからため放
射性黒鉛を投入すべきである。なお、富酸素燃焼する場
合には黒鉛の燃焼が開始したらバーナを焚く必要はな
い。また、二次燃焼室２で焼却すべき放射性黒鉛の量が
多い場合には、二次燃焼室２の炉体を水冷構造とした
り、炉内に水を吹き込むことによって出口温度を調整す
ることもできる。It is to be noted that, even if radioactive graphite is charged in a state where the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 2 has not risen at the start of operation, it cannot be burned well. After the temperature has risen, radioactive graphite should be introduced. In the case of oxygen-rich combustion, it is not necessary to burn a burner when the combustion of graphite starts. When the amount of radioactive graphite to be incinerated in the secondary combustion chamber 2 is large, the furnace temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 2 may be changed to a water-cooled structure, or the outlet temperature may be adjusted by blowing water into the furnace. it can.
【００１５】このように、本発明によれば二次燃焼室２
を利用して放射性黒鉛を酸素含有ガスで燃焼させるの
で、設備を大型化することなく、放射性黒鉛を不燃性の
雑固体廃棄物とともに迅速に焼却処理することができ
る。しかも放射性黒鉛を予め破砕・粉砕する必要もな
い。As described above, according to the present invention, the secondary combustion chamber 2
Since radioactive graphite is combusted with an oxygen-containing gas using the method, radioactive graphite can be rapidly incinerated together with non-combustible miscellaneous solid waste without increasing the size of equipment. Moreover, it is not necessary to crush and pulverize the radioactive graphite in advance.
【００１６】[0016]
【実施例】図１に示した本発明の装置を用いて、放射性
雑固体廃棄物の溶融と放射性黒鉛の焼却とを行った。溶
融炉１への放射性雑固体廃棄物の投入速度は２５０ｋｇ
／ｈであり、二次燃焼室２への放射性黒鉛の投入速度は
５０ｋｇ／ｈである。二次燃焼室２の酸素濃度を２１
％、２６％、３２％、３７％に変化させて放射性黒鉛を
燃焼させた。EXAMPLES The apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 was used to melt radioactive miscellaneous solid waste and incinerate radioactive graphite. The rate of input of radioactive miscellaneous solid waste to the melting furnace 1 is 250 kg
/ H, and the charging rate of the radioactive graphite into the secondary combustion chamber 2 is 50 kg / h. The oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 2 is set to 21
%, 26%, 32%, 37%.
【００１７】この結果、酸素濃度を２１％とした場合に
は放射性黒鉛の投入速度を１０ｋｇ／ｈまで落とさねば
ならず、しかも二次燃焼室出口のＣＯ濃度が１４００ｐ
ｐｍに達した。このためバーナを焚いてＣＯ濃度を低減
する必要があった。しかし酸素濃度を２６％、３２％と
した場合にはバーナを焚くことなく、放射性黒鉛を迅速
に燃焼させることができ、しかも二次燃焼室出口のＣＯ
濃度は１０ｐｐｍ以下となった。なお酸素濃度を３７％
とすると放射性黒鉛の燃焼速度は多少増加するが、二次
燃焼室２の温度が１３００℃を越えて上昇傾向を示すた
め、安定運転のためには好ましくないと評価した。As a result, when the oxygen concentration is 21%, the feeding rate of the radioactive graphite must be reduced to 10 kg / h, and the CO concentration at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is 1400 p.
pm. For this reason, it was necessary to reduce the CO concentration by burning a burner. However, when the oxygen concentration is 26% or 32%, the radioactive graphite can be quickly burned without burning a burner, and the CO at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is reduced.
The concentration became 10 ppm or less. The oxygen concentration was 37%
Then, the burning rate of the radioactive graphite slightly increases, but since the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 2 exceeds 1300 ° C. and shows a tendency to increase, it is evaluated that it is not preferable for stable operation.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように本発明によれば、
黒鉛減速型原子炉の廃止措置に伴い大量に発生する放射
性黒鉛を、不燃性の雑固体廃棄物とともにコンパクトな
装置で迅速に焼却処理することができ、また放射性黒鉛
を予め破砕・粉砕する必要もない等の利点がある。According to the present invention as described above,
Radioactive graphite generated in large quantities following the decommissioning of graphite-moderated nuclear reactors can be rapidly incinerated with compact equipment together with non-combustible miscellaneous solid waste, and it is also necessary to crush and crush radioactive graphite in advance. There are advantages such as not.
【図１】本発明の装置の実施形態を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
【図２】二次燃焼室の拡大断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a secondary combustion chamber.
１ 溶融炉、２ 二次燃焼室、３ るつぼ、４ 加熱
源、５ 排ガス導入口、６ 排ガス出口、７ 放射性黒
鉛の供給口、８ 放射性黒鉛の燃焼用固定床、９富酸素
バーナ、１０ 冷却塔、１１ セラミックフィルタ、１
２ ＨＥＰＡフィルタ、１３ 配管Reference Signs List 1 melting furnace, 2 secondary combustion chamber, 3 crucible, 4 heating source, 5 exhaust gas inlet, 6 exhaust gas outlet, 7 radioactive graphite supply port, 8 radioactive graphite combustion fixed bed, 9 oxygen-rich burner, 10 cooling tower , 11 ceramic filter, 1
2 HEPA filter, 13 piping
Claims (5)
続された二次燃焼室に放射性黒鉛の塊を投入して酸素含
有ガスで燃焼させ、放射性黒鉛を焼却するとともに、発
生した高温ガスにより溶融炉の排ガスを二次燃焼させる
ことを特徴とする放射性黒鉛の処理方法。1. A mass of radioactive graphite is injected into a secondary combustion chamber connected to an outlet of a melting furnace for radioactive miscellaneous solid waste, burned with an oxygen-containing gas, incinerating the radioactive graphite, and generating high-temperature gas. A method for treating radioactive graphite, comprising subjecting exhaust gas from a melting furnace to secondary combustion.
１に記載の放射性黒鉛の処理方法。2. The method for treating radioactive graphite according to claim 1, wherein said oxygen gas is oxygen-enriched air.
焼空気として利用する請求項１に記載の放射性黒鉛の処
理方法。3. The method for treating radioactive graphite according to claim 1, wherein the generated high-temperature gas is introduced into a melting furnace and used as combustion air.
続された二次燃焼室の炉体に、溶融炉からの排ガス導入
口、放射性黒鉛の供給口、加熱用バーナ、酸素含有ガス
供給口、放射性黒鉛の燃焼用固定床、排ガス出口を設け
たことを特徴とする放射性黒鉛の処理装置。4. An exhaust gas inlet from a melting furnace, a supply port of radioactive graphite, a heating burner, and an oxygen-containing gas supply to a furnace body of a secondary combustion chamber connected to an outlet of a melting furnace for radioactive solid waste. An apparatus for treating radioactive graphite, comprising a mouth, a fixed bed for combustion of radioactive graphite, and an exhaust gas outlet.
えた富酸素バーナである請求項４に記載の放射性黒鉛の
処理装置。5. The radioactive graphite processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heating burner is an oxygen-rich burner provided with an oxygen-containing gas supply port.
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| JP20880699A JP3844327B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 1999-07-23 | Method and apparatus for processing radioactive graphite |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101474384B1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-18 | 주식회사 선광티앤에스 | Real Time Monitoring Method for Controlling Decontamination Process of Spent Activated Carbon |
| KR101495546B1 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2015-02-26 | 주식회사 멘도타 | Processing Method of Radwaste Spent Activated Carbon |
| CN106531277A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-03-22 | 西南科技大学 | Processing method of radioactive graphite |
| CN112700902A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-23 | 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 | Method for treating waste graphite crucible |
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| KR101495546B1 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2015-02-26 | 주식회사 멘도타 | Processing Method of Radwaste Spent Activated Carbon |
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| CN112700902B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2024-06-07 | 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 | Treatment method of waste graphite crucible |
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| JP3844327B2 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
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