JPH06304411A - Cohesive sedimentation and treatment apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Cohesive sedimentation and treatment apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06304411A JPH06304411A JP9944893A JP9944893A JPH06304411A JP H06304411 A JPH06304411 A JP H06304411A JP 9944893 A JP9944893 A JP 9944893A JP 9944893 A JP9944893 A JP 9944893A JP H06304411 A JPH06304411 A JP H06304411A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- contact material
- flocs
- raw water
- treated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、例えば河川水などを原
水として上水や工業用水を製造する場合、あるいは排水
処理等において、無機凝集剤、特にはアルミニウム系の
無機凝集剤を原水に添加して懸濁物質を凝集沈澱分離す
る凝集沈澱法、及びその処理設備に関するものである。The present invention relates to the addition of an inorganic coagulant, particularly an aluminum-based inorganic coagulant, to raw water when producing tap water or industrial water using river water as raw water, or in wastewater treatment. The present invention relates to a coagulation-sedimentation method for coagulating sedimentation of a suspended substance and a treatment facility therefor.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術】従来から、河川水などを原水としてこれに
含まれる数μｍないしそれ以下の微細な懸濁物質を沈澱
分離する方法（除濁法とも言う）は種々提案されている
が、一般的には、凝集剤を用いない沈澱方法と、凝集剤
を用いる凝集沈澱法に大別される。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various methods (also referred to as turbidity removal methods) have been proposed, in which river water or the like is used as raw water to precipitate and separate fine suspended matter contained in the raw water of several μm or less. The methods are roughly classified into a precipitation method using no coagulant and a coagulation precipitation method using a coagulant.
【０００３】前者の凝集剤を用いない方法は、広い面積
の沈澱池等として設けた横流沈澱池を用いて原水をゆっ
くりと横流させて沈澱させる方法や、下部に沈降分離ゾ
ーンを設けると共にその上部に比重１以下の多数の濾材
小片を網等で流出を防止して形成した濾材層を設け、被
処理水を沈降分離ゾーンから濾材層へと上向流で通して
懸濁物質を沈澱と濾過によって除去する高速沈澱槽を用
いた固液分離法（特開昭６０−１９３５０８号、特開平
１−７９２０号）等が知られているが、沈澱分離が可能
であるのは、被処理水中の濁質のうち粒子径が１０-2ｍ
ｍ程度のものまでであり、それ以下の粒子径のものは除
去できない。The former method using no coagulant is a method in which raw water is slowly allowed to flow sideways using a cross-flow sedimentation basin provided as a sedimentation basin having a large area, or a sedimentation / separation zone is provided at the bottom of the basin. Is provided with a filter medium layer formed of a large number of small pieces of filter medium having a specific gravity of 1 or less with a net or the like to prevent outflow, and the water to be treated is passed from the settling separation zone to the filter medium layer in an upward flow to precipitate and filter the suspended matter. A solid-liquid separation method using a high-speed precipitation tank for removing by means (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-193508, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-7920) and the like are known. However, precipitation separation is possible in treated water. Particle size of suspended matter is 10 -2 m
It is up to about m, and particles having a particle size smaller than that cannot be removed.
【０００４】一方上記後者の凝集沈澱法は、これらの凝
集剤を用いない方式とは異なり、沈澱池や沈澱槽に凝集
剤を添加しながら撹拌を行なって懸濁物質をフロック化
させ、あるいは既存のフロックを更に成長させて沈澱さ
せる方法であり、粒子径が１０-3ｍｍ以下のコロイド粒
子と総称される濁質も沈澱分離することが可能である。
なお、これらと共に傾斜板や傾斜管などの沈降促進装置
を組み合わせた凝集沈澱法なども知られている。このよ
うな凝集沈澱法は、濁質成分の濃度が年間を通じて大き
く変化し、その大半の期間においては濁度は低いが年間
に何度か高濁水の処理が必要になる河川水などを原水と
して用いる我が国には、その緩衝能力が大きい点で適し
ており、広く普及している。On the other hand, the latter coagulation-precipitation method is different from the method in which these coagulants are not used, and the flocculation of the suspended substance is carried out by stirring while adding the coagulant to the settling tank or settling tank, or the existing method. In this method, flocs are further grown and precipitated, and it is possible to precipitate and separate suspended substances, which are collectively called colloidal particles having a particle size of 10 −3 mm or less.
In addition, a coagulation sedimentation method in which a sedimentation promoting device such as an inclined plate or an inclined pipe is combined with these is also known. In such coagulation-sedimentation method, the concentration of turbidity components changes greatly throughout the year, and river water, which has low turbidity for most of the period but requires treatment of highly turbid water several times a year, is used as raw water. It is suitable for use in Japan because of its large buffering capacity, and is widely used.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のように、凝集剤
を添加して除濁処理を行う凝集沈澱法は、微細な懸濁物
質を高濁度に含む原水に対しては有効な方法であり、凝
集剤の添加量とフロック成長の関係、あるいはフロック
の性質など種々の研究報告がされている。As described above, the flocculation-precipitation method in which a flocculant is added to carry out the turbidity treatment is an effective method for raw water containing fine suspended matter at a high turbidity. There are various research reports on the relationship between the amount of flocculant added and floc growth, or the properties of flocs.
【０００６】ところで、凝集沈澱法における凝集剤の添
加率は、原水の濁度と相関があり、高濁水（例えば濁度
２０度以上）の原水に対しては、例えばアルミニウム系
の無機凝集剤をそのＡＬＴ比（原水濁度に対するアルミ
ニウムの注入量（ｍｇ／ｌ）比）で言えば、０．０５以
下の比較的低い添加率で懸濁物質の除去が行えるが、反
面において年間の大半を占める低濁水（例えば濁度２０
度以下）についてその懸濁物質の除去を効果的に行うに
は、０．１〜０．４という大過剰な添加が必要とされて
おり、結果として以下のような問題が生じている。By the way, the coagulant addition rate in the coagulation-sedimentation method has a correlation with the turbidity of raw water, and for highly turbid water (for example, turbidity of 20 degrees or more), for example, an aluminum-based inorganic coagulant is used. In terms of the ALT ratio (ratio of injected amount of aluminum (mg / l) to turbidity of raw water), suspended substances can be removed with a relatively low addition rate of 0.05 or less, but on the other hand, it occupies most of the year. Low muddy water (eg turbidity 20
In order to effectively remove the suspended solids, the excessive addition of 0.1 to 0.4 is required, resulting in the following problems.
【０００７】 過剰な凝集剤添加のためにフロック内
部に包含する間隙水の量が多くなり、極めて脆弱で粘稠
性を有し、かつフロック密度が低く沈降しにくいフロッ
クが生成され、その結果、発生する汚泥の濃縮，脱水性
が極端に悪く、汚泥処理が容易でなく、処分量も多くな
って維持管理費用が増大する。The amount of interstitial water contained in the flocs increases due to the excessive addition of the flocculant, and the flocs having extremely weak and viscous properties and low floc density and being hard to settle are generated, and as a result, Concentration and dewatering properties of the generated sludge are extremely poor, sludge treatment is not easy, and the disposal amount increases and maintenance costs increase.
【０００８】 低濁水に対しては大過剰の凝集剤の添
加を余儀なくされるため、薬品費用が多い。[0008] A large excess of a flocculant is forced to be added to low-turbidity water, resulting in a high chemical cost.
【０００９】 凝集沈澱法を適用する処理設備は、例
えば上水処理に適用する場合、水温や濁度の変化を考慮
した緩衝能力をもつことが望ましいとされ、このために
１ないし２時間程度の滞留時間をもつ大容量の沈澱槽を
建設しなければならず、広い敷地と多額の建設費用を要
する。It is said that it is desirable that the treatment equipment to which the coagulation-precipitation method is applied has a buffering capacity in consideration of changes in water temperature and turbidity when it is applied to, for example, clean water treatment. A large-capacity settling tank with a residence time must be constructed, which requires a large site and a large construction cost.
【００１０】以上のように、従来の凝集沈澱法は、高濁
水に対しては、その大きな緩衝能力により優れた除濁性
能を発揮するが、低濁水に対しては様々な問題がありそ
の改善が求められているのが現状である。As described above, the conventional coagulation-sedimentation method exhibits excellent turbidity-eliminating performance for highly turbid water due to its large buffering capacity, but there are various problems for low-turbid water, and the improvement thereof. Is currently required.
【００１１】そこで本発明者は、凝集剤を添加して懸濁
物質をフロック化させ沈澱除去する方法における従来の
考え方を再検討し、従来法とは全く異なる観点から種々
研究を進めた。Therefore, the present inventor has reexamined the conventional way of thinking of a method of flocculating a suspended solid by adding a flocculant to remove the precipitate, and proceeded with various studies from the viewpoint completely different from the conventional method.
【００１２】従来の凝集沈澱法で低濁水を対象とする場
合に、原水に大過剰の凝集剤を添加するのが必須とされ
るのは、懸濁物質を比較的低濃度（濁度１〜２０度程
度）に含む原水に高濁水と同程度の低い添加率で凝集剤
を添加したのでは、フロックの成長が不十分で懸濁物質
の除去が有効に行なえないからである。In the case of targeting low turbidity water by the conventional coagulation-sedimentation method, it is essential to add a large excess of coagulant to the raw water so that the suspended solids have a relatively low concentration (turbidity 1 to 1). This is because, if the flocculant is added to the raw water containing about 20 degrees Celsius at a low addition rate as high as that of highly turbid water, the floc growth is insufficient and the suspended solids cannot be effectively removed.
【００１３】そこで本発明者は、凝集剤の過剰添加によ
るフロック成長の考え方を変えて、凝集剤を添加して形
成した微小（例えば１００μｍ以下程度）なフロック同
士の邂逅機会を機械的，構造的に与えることでフロック
成長を行なわせるようにすれば、凝集剤の添加量をその
分減少できると考えた。そしてこの考え方に基づき凝集
剤を添加した原水の流れを部分的に制約する接触材を設
けることで流れの裏側によどみを形成させると、この部
分に上記微小なフロックが滞留してフロック成長するこ
とを知見した。しかも極少量にしか凝集剤を添加してい
ないことによると思われるが、驚くべきことに上記のよ
うにして成長したフロックは、従来の凝集剤過剰添加で
生ずる粘稠性がなく、サラサラした極めて沈降性，分離
性に優れたものであり、したがって上記の滞留し成長し
たフロックがよどみ部分の広がりを越えるようになると
自然と下方に落下することも知見した。したがってこれ
らの現象を凝集沈澱槽の内部において都合よく起こさせ
ることで、従来解決が困難であった低濁水に対する凝集
剤の少量添加が実現できることが分かったのである。Therefore, the present inventor changed the way of thinking of floc growth by excessive addition of a flocculant, and mechanically and structurally made it possible to meet the chances of encountering microscopic (for example, about 100 μm or less) flocs formed by adding a flocculant. It was thought that the amount of the flocculant added could be reduced by that amount if the floc growth was carried out by applying the coagulant. Then, based on this idea, if a stagnation is formed on the back side of the flow by providing a contact material that partially restricts the flow of raw water to which a coagulant is added, the above-mentioned minute flocs will stay in this part and grow flocs. I found out. Moreover, it seems that the flocculant was added only in a very small amount, but surprisingly, the flocs grown as described above did not have the viscosity caused by the conventional excessive addition of the flocculant, and were extremely smooth. It was also found that the flocs are excellent in sedimentation and separability, and therefore, when the above-mentioned accumulated and grown flocs cross the stagnation area, they naturally fall downward. Therefore, it has been found that by conveniently causing these phenomena inside the flocculation-precipitation tank, a small amount of flocculant can be added to low muddy water, which has been difficult to solve in the past.
【００１４】本発明者は、以上のような知見に基づき凝
集沈澱法について望まれている課題に取組み、原水濁度
に応じて薬品注入量を必要最小限度に抑えた凝集処理を
行なうことで懸濁物質の沈降性を有効に生かしつつ、密
で大きな凝集フロックを形成させ、その結果大きな処理
速度を有し、しかも設備的にはコンパクトで設備面積が
小さく、形成された凝集フロックの処分が容易かつ簡単
で、設備の維持管理も容易な新規な凝集沈澱法を実現す
る本発明をなすに至ったのである。On the basis of the above findings, the present inventor has tackled the problems desired for the coagulation-precipitation method and carried out the coagulation treatment by suppressing the chemical injection amount to the necessary minimum amount according to the turbidity of raw water. While effectively utilizing the sedimentability of suspended solids, it forms dense and large floc flocs, resulting in high processing speed, compact equipment, and small equipment area, and easy disposal of formed flocs. In addition, the present invention has realized a novel coagulation-sedimentation method which is simple and easy to maintain and manage.
【００１５】すなわち本発明の第１の目的は、原水に含
まれる懸濁物質を高速で除去でき、したがって設備容積
を小さくできる凝集沈澱法及びその処理設備を提供する
ところにある。That is, a first object of the present invention is to provide a coagulation-sedimentation method capable of removing suspended solids contained in raw water at a high speed and thus reducing the equipment volume, and a treatment equipment therefor.
【００１６】本発明の第２の目的は、少薬品量で懸濁物
質を沈降性に優れた高密度のフロックとすることがで
き、薬品費用の削減を実現できる凝集沈澱法及びその処
理設備を提供するところにある。A second object of the present invention is to provide a flocculation-precipitation method and a treatment facility therefor capable of converting suspended matter into a high-density floc having excellent sedimentation property with a small amount of chemicals and realizing reduction of chemical cost. It is in the place of providing.
【００１７】本発明の第３の目的は、少薬品量で間隙水
の少ない高密度のフロックを形成させることで、汚泥の
沈澱分離や脱水の簡易化に有益で、また発生汚泥量を減
少させることで汚泥処分設備の簡易化、処分費用の削減
を実現できる凝集沈澱法及びその処理設備を提供すると
ころにある。A third object of the present invention is to form a high density floc with a small amount of chemicals and a small amount of pore water, which is useful for facilitating sedimentation separation and dewatering of sludge and reducing the amount of sludge generated. In this way, the coagulation sedimentation method and its treatment equipment can be provided which can simplify the sludge disposal equipment and reduce the disposal cost.
【００１８】本発明の第４の目的は、原水の有する懸濁
物質の濁質濃度に応じて最適な凝集剤注入量を選定可能
とすることで、高濁水から低濁水に渡り安定した性能を
発揮することができる新規な凝集沈澱法及びその処理設
備を提供するところにあり、更に、原水の濁度状態に応
じて凝集剤注入量を自動的に選択制御できるようにする
ことで、設備の最適運転状態の確保ができる産業設備上
最も期待されている自動化処理設備を提供することもそ
の目的とする。A fourth object of the present invention is to make it possible to select an optimum coagulant injection amount according to the suspended matter concentration of suspended matter contained in the raw water, so that stable performance can be obtained from high muddy water to low muddy water. The present invention provides a new coagulation-sedimentation method that can be used and a treatment facility therefor.Furthermore, the coagulant injection amount can be automatically selected and controlled according to the turbidity state of raw water. It is also an object of the present invention to provide an automated processing facility, which has the highest expectations in terms of industrial facilities, which can ensure the optimum operating condition.
【００１９】[0019]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を実現するた
めに、本発明者は上記特許請求の範囲の各請求項に記載
した本発明を完成した。In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor has completed the present invention described in each claim of the above claims.
【００２０】これらにより記載された本発明の代表的な
特徴の一つは、無機凝集剤の添加によって、原水に含ま
れる微細な懸濁物質を凝集フロック化させて沈澱分離す
る凝集沈澱法であって、短尺チューブ型等の空隙率の大
きな小片接触材を多数ランダムに集積することで上向き
の通水に対するよどみ部分が該集積部内に多数形成され
るようにした接触材集積ゾーンに対し、原水に無機凝集
剤を添加することによって調製される懸濁物質と無機凝
集剤からなる１００μｍ以下の微小フロックを含む被処
理水を上向流で通水させるようにした方法にある。One of the typical features of the present invention described above is a coagulation-sedimentation method in which the addition of an inorganic coagulant causes the fine suspended matter contained in raw water to flocculate and precipitate and separate. , A large number of small piece contact materials with a large porosity, such as short tube type, are randomly accumulated to form a large number of stagnation parts for upward water passage in the accumulating portion. This is a method in which water to be treated containing a suspended substance prepared by adding an inorganic coagulant and fine flocs of 100 μm or less composed of the inorganic coagulant is allowed to flow in an upward flow.
【００２１】上記の接触材集積ゾーンは、小片接触材の
多数ランダムな集積によって上向きの通水に対するよど
み部分が該集積部内に多数形成されるようにして形成さ
れたものであればよく、このような集積部内に通水に対
するよどみ部分が多数ランダムに存在することにより、
被処理水中に含まれる微小なフロックは接触材表面に沈
着ないしその周囲に浮遊して他の微小フロックと邂逅結
合しフロック成長する。この際、本発明の方法では、被
処理水中の凝集剤の添加率が少ないために懸濁物質に付
着している凝集剤の量も少なく、成長フロックは間隙水
の少ない密度の大きな沈降性に優れたものとなる。この
よどみ部分が内部に多数ランダムに存在する接触材集積
ゾーンの形成は、例えば通水路として機能する空隙が小
片の外観的な輪郭内に６０％以上有し、これを集積した
時の接触材容積１ｍ3 当りの表面積が２００ｍ2 以上、
好ましくは３００ｍ2 以上有するような大きな空隙率と
表面積をもつ、例えば直径４〜１２ｍｍ程度で長さが１
５〜２０ｍｍ程度のプラスチック製の短尺チューブ型小
片接触材、内部中空の球体の球面に多数の孔を穿った充
填材、あるいはテラレットパッキン等が好ましく選択し
て使用されるが、特にこれに限定されるものではない。
また、余剰の成長フロックが下方に沈降することを考慮
して本発明方法では該接触材集積ゾーンに上向流で被処
理水を通水させる構成を採用しており、このため、該接
触材集積ゾーンを形成する接触材には、例えば真比重が
１以上であって接触材支持板上に集積ゾーンを形成する
ような材質の接触材の使用に加えて、プラスチック材な
どにより真比重が１前後で上向流により浮上する材質の
ものを用い、沈澱槽の上部にこの接触材の上方への流出
を防止する網板等の流出防止手段を設ける構成が好まし
く採用される。The contact material accumulating zone may be formed by a large number of small piece contact materials being randomly accumulated so that a large number of stagnation portions for upward water passage are formed in the accumulating portion. Due to the large number of random stagnation parts for water flow in the accumulation area,
The minute flocs contained in the water to be treated are deposited on the surface of the contact material or float around the contact material and meet with other minute flocs to grow and grow. At this time, in the method of the present invention, since the addition rate of the coagulant in the water to be treated is small, the amount of the coagulant adhering to the suspended substance is also small, and the growth floc has a large settling property with little pore water and a high density. It will be excellent. The formation of the contact material accumulating zone in which a large number of stagnation portions are randomly present inside the contact material accumulating zone when accumulating, for example, 60% or more of voids functioning as water passages in the external contour of the small piece are formed. The surface area per 1 m 3 is 200 m 2 or more,
It preferably has a large porosity and surface area of 300 m 2 or more, for example, a diameter of 4 to 12 mm and a length of 1
A short tube type small piece contact material made of plastic having a size of about 5 to 20 mm, a filling material in which a large number of holes are formed in the spherical surface of an inner hollow sphere, or a terraret packing is preferably selected and used, but it is particularly limited to this. It is not something that will be done.
In addition, in consideration of the fact that surplus growth flocs settle down, the method of the present invention adopts a configuration in which the water to be treated is passed through the contact material accumulation zone in an upward flow. For the contact material forming the accumulation zone, for example, in addition to the use of a contact material having a true specific gravity of 1 or more and forming the accumulation zone on the contact material support plate, a true specific gravity of 1 is made of a plastic material or the like. It is preferable to use a material that floats by an upward flow in the front and rear and to provide an outflow prevention means such as a mesh plate on the upper part of the precipitation tank to prevent the contact material from outflowing upward.
【００２２】接触材集積ゾーンに通水する上向流の通水
速度は、２００ｍ／ｄ〜８００ｍ／ｄ、好ましくは３０
０ｍ／ｄ〜５００ｍ／ｄとすることによって高速の処理
が実現できる。The upward flow rate of water flowing through the contact material accumulation zone is 200 m / d to 800 m / d, preferably 30.
High speed processing can be realized by setting the speed to 0 m / d to 500 m / d.
【００２３】また接触材集積ゾーンに通水させる被処理
水は、原水に無機凝集剤を極少量添加することによって
１００μｍ以下、好ましくは数μｍ〜数１０μｍ程度の
大きさの懸濁物質の微小フロックを含むように調製され
る。接触材集積ゾーンに通水させる被処理水中に含まれ
るフロックのうち１００μｍを越えるものの割合が多く
なると、成長したフロックの粘稠性が増大し、接触材と
の剥離性や汚泥として回収した後の脱水性等が低下して
望ましくないので、１００μｍを越えるフロックの割合
は出来るだけ少ないことが望まれ、５％を越えることが
ないようにされることが必要である。Further, the water to be treated to be passed through the contact material accumulation zone is obtained by adding an extremely small amount of an inorganic coagulant to the raw water, and a fine floc of a suspended substance having a size of 100 μm or less, preferably several μm to several tens of μm. Is prepared. When the proportion of flocs exceeding 100 μm contained in the water to be treated which is allowed to pass through the contact material accumulation zone increases, the viscosity of the grown flocs increases, resulting in peelability from the contact material and after recovery as sludge. Since the dehydration property is undesirably deteriorated, it is desirable that the ratio of flocs exceeding 100 μm is as small as possible, and it is necessary to prevent it from exceeding 5%.
【００２４】このような１００μｍ以下の懸濁物質のフ
ロックを含有するようにさせるためには、無機凝集剤が
アルミニウム塩である場合には、原水の濁度によっても
変わるが一般的にはＡＬＴ比（前出）で０．０５〜０．
００５、好ましくは０．０１〜０．００５とすることが
よい。In order to contain such a floc of a suspended substance of 100 μm or less, when the inorganic coagulant is an aluminum salt, it generally depends on the turbidity of the raw water, but the ALT ratio is generally. 0.05 to 0.
005, preferably 0.01 to 0.005.
【００２５】本発明方法は、原水濁度が数度〜１０００
度の範囲に渡って適用できる。In the method of the present invention, the turbidity of raw water is from several degrees to 1000.
Applicable over a range of degrees.
【００２６】以上のような本発明の方法の実施のために
用いられる処理設備の特徴は、被処理水が上向流で通水
されて上部に処理水回収手段が設けられた槽と、この槽
内の上記処理水回収手段よりも下方に設けられて、短尺
チューブ型等の空隙率の大きな小片接触材を多数ランダ
ムに集積して上向きの通水に対するよどみ部分を該集積
部内に多数有するように設けた接触材集積ゾーンと、こ
の接触材集積ゾーンよりも下方位置に流入するように設
けられた被処理水の供給手段と、この被処理水の供給手
段に接続され、かつ微細な懸濁物質を含有する原水に対
する極少量の無機凝集剤添加及び撹拌によって該懸濁物
質と無機凝集剤からなる１００μｍ以下の微小フロック
を含有した被処理水を形成するように設けた原水調製手
段と、上記被処理水の流入位置のさらに下方に、沈降す
る凝集フロックを滞留させかつ必要に応じて外部に排出
するように設けられた汚泥排出部とを備えた構成をなす
ところにある。The characteristics of the treatment equipment used for carrying out the method of the present invention as described above are characterized by a tank in which the water to be treated is passed in an upward flow and a treated water recovery means is provided at the upper part. It is provided below the treated water recovery means in the tank, and randomly collects a large number of small piece contact materials having a large porosity such as a short tube type so as to have a large number of stagnation parts for upward water passage in the accumulation part. The contact material collecting zone, the supply means for the treated water provided so as to flow into a position lower than the contact material accumulating zone, and the fine suspension that is connected to the supplying means for the treated water. A raw water preparation means provided so as to form a water to be treated containing fine flocs of 100 μm or less composed of the suspended substance and the inorganic coagulant by adding and stirring a very small amount of the inorganic coagulant to the raw water containing the substance; To be processed Further below the inlet position, there is to forming a structure that includes a sludge discharge portion provided so as to discharge to the outside if necessary and allowed to stay floc to settle.
【００２７】上記構成において、原水調製手段として
は、被処理水の供給手段として設けた供給配管に無機凝
集剤を直接注入する構成のもの、あるいは被処理水の供
給手段として設けた供給配管の前段に配置した撹拌槽と
して構成したものを例示することができる。In the above construction, as the raw water preparation means, one in which the inorganic coagulant is directly injected into the supply pipe provided as the treated water supply means, or the pre-stage of the supply pipe provided as the treated water supply means It is possible to exemplify the one that is configured as the stirring tank disposed in the above.
【００２８】また、特に望ましい構成としては、原水の
濁度を測定する濁度検出手段と、アルミニウム塩の添加
量を該濁度検出手段の検出結果に基づいてＡＬＴ比で
０．０５〜０．００５の範囲に制御する添加量制御手段
とを設けた設備を例示することができ、これにより処理
設備を自動化して運転させることが可能となる。Further, as a particularly desirable constitution, the turbidity detecting means for measuring the turbidity of the raw water and the addition amount of the aluminum salt are 0.05 to 0. It is possible to exemplify the equipment provided with the addition amount control means for controlling in the range of 005, which makes it possible to operate the processing equipment in an automated manner.
【００２９】更に、上記構成において、汚泥沈澱ゾーン
に沈降した凝集フロックの一部を原水側に返送する手段
を設けることも好ましく、これにより凝集沈澱槽内での
フロックの成長をより促進することができる。Further, in the above constitution, it is also preferable to provide a means for returning a part of the flocculation flocs settled in the sludge settling zone to the raw water side, whereby the growth of the flocs in the flocculation settling tank can be further promoted. it can.
【００３０】[0030]
【実施例】以下、本発明を図面を参照しながら更に詳細
に説明する。The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.
【００３１】実施例１ 図１は本発明方法を実施するための凝集沈澱槽１の構成
概要一例を示したものであり、この槽１の最上部には、
槽壁から溢流する処理水を外部に流出させるための流出
管７が接続され、槽１内の最上部から若干下側（したが
って水面下）には、その下方に充填した接触材９（図１
中に別に示した短尺チューブ型）が流出しないように上
部および下部に流出防止板８を横設して接触材集積ゾー
ン２０を形成させる。Example 1 FIG. 1 shows an example of the outline of the constitution of a flocculation-precipitation tank 1 for carrying out the method of the present invention.
An outflow pipe 7 for flowing out the treated water overflowing from the tank wall to the outside is connected, and a contact material 9 (Fig. 1
In order to prevent the short tube type (shown separately therein) from flowing out, the outflow prevention plates 8 are provided in the upper and lower portions to form the contact material accumulating zone 20.
【００３２】この接触材集積ゾーン２０の下方に位置す
る流入ゾーン２１には、無機凝集剤注入管３、アルカリ
剤注入管４が接続された流入管２が流入弁５を介して槽
１内に貫入され、該槽１内で下向きに被処理水を噴出す
るように接続されている。また、接触材を撹拌洗浄する
ための逆洗空気管１３が槽外から槽内に貫入されてい
る。In the inflow zone 21 located below the contact material accumulating zone 20, the inflow pipe 2 to which the inorganic coagulant injection pipe 3 and the alkaline agent injection pipe 4 are connected is introduced into the tank 1 via the inflow valve 5. It is penetrated and is connected so as to jet the water to be treated downward in the tank 1. Further, a backwash air pipe 13 for stirring and cleaning the contact material penetrates from the outside of the tank into the tank.
【００３３】２２は汚泥貯留ゾーンであり、上記流入ゾ
ーン２１の更に下方に位置していて、沈澱汚泥１４の界
面を検出するための汚泥界面計１９が設けられている。
またこの汚泥貯留ゾーン２２には、排泥管１５、排泥弁
１６が接続されている。なお１２は流入管２より槽１内
に下向きに噴出される被処理水を衝突させて上向きの流
れに変えるための変流板である。A sludge storage zone 22 is located further below the inflow zone 21, and is provided with a sludge interface meter 19 for detecting the interface of the settled sludge 14.
A sludge pipe 15 and a drain valve 16 are connected to the sludge storage zone 22. Reference numeral 12 is a current-changing plate for colliding the water to be treated jetted downward from the inflow pipe 2 into the tank 1 to change it into an upward flow.
【００３４】装置の稼動初期 このような装置においてまず、処理の開始に当たっては
流入弁５を開き、予め無機凝集剤注入管３から ＡＬＴ
比０．０５から０．００５となるようアルミニウム系無
機凝集剤、及びアルカリ剤注入管４から必要に応じてア
ルカリ剤を添加することで原水を調製した被処理水が、
流入管２より流入弁５を経て流入ゾーン２１内に導入さ
れる。 Initial operation of the apparatus In such an apparatus, first, at the start of processing, the inflow valve 5 is opened, and the inorganic coagulant injection pipe 3 is used to advance the ALT.
The water to be treated is a raw water prepared by adding an aluminum-based inorganic coagulant so that the ratio becomes 0.05 to 0.005, and an alkali agent as needed from the alkali agent injection pipe 4.
It is introduced into the inflow zone 21 from the inflow pipe 2 through the inflow valve 5.
【００３５】接触材の選定と挙動 接触材９は、真比重１以下の浮上性接触材の場合には通
水当初より上部流出防止板８の下に接触材集積ゾーン２
０を形成している。また、真比重が１以上の接触材９を
使用する場合、真比重がほぼ１である場合には通水前は
下部流出防止板８の上に沈積し、２００ｍ／ｄ以上の上
向流を通水することによって浮上し、上部流出防止板８
の下に接触材集積ゾーン２０を形成する。一方、真比重
が１．０５以上であれば常に下部流出防止板８の上に沈
積し、該流出防止板８の上に接触材集積ゾーン２０を形
成する。 Selection and Behavior of Contact Material When the contact material 9 is a floating contact material having a true specific gravity of 1 or less, the contact material accumulation zone 2 is located under the upper outflow prevention plate 8 from the beginning of water flow.
Forming 0. Further, when the contact material 9 having a true specific gravity of 1 or more is used, if the true specific gravity is approximately 1, the water is deposited on the lower outflow prevention plate 8 before passing water, and an upward flow of 200 m / d or more is applied. It floats by passing water, and the upper outflow prevention plate 8
A contact material accumulation zone 20 is formed under the. On the other hand, if the true specific gravity is 1.05 or more, it is always deposited on the lower outflow prevention plate 8 and the contact material accumulation zone 20 is formed on the outflow prevention plate 8.
【００３６】微フロックの生成〜粗大フロックヘの成長過程 微フロツクの生成 流入管２の内部ならびに槽１内部で、懸濁物質は凝結反
応によって直径十〜数十ミクロン程度の微フロックを形
成する。 Generation of fine flocs to growth process to coarse flocs Generation of fine flocs Inside the inflow pipe 2 and inside the tank 1, the suspended substance forms fine flocs with a diameter of about 10 to several tens of microns by a condensation reaction.
【００３７】微フロツクの付着・捕捉 通水開始当初は、流入する微フロックは接触材９による
「さえぎり」の効果によってその表面を被覆する形で捕
捉されていく。 Adhesion and capture of fine flocks At the beginning of water flow, the inflowing fine flocs are trapped in a form of covering the surface thereof by the effect of "interruption" by the contact material 9.
【００３８】フロツクの成長 しかし、一旦接触材９の表面に微フロツクが吸着され始
めると、後続する微フロックは、未付着の接触材９表面
への付着は無論のこと、それ自体凝集付着力を持ってい
るため、すでに接触材９表面に捕捉された微フロックと
も衝突し、微フロツク同士の邂逅が加速度的に進み、成
長してゆく。[0038] Furotsuku growth But, once the fine Furotsuku the surface of the contact member 9 starts to be adsorbed, fine flocs subsequent, the adhesion to the contact member 9 surface unattached things course, itself cohesive adhesion Since it has, it also collides with the fine flocs already captured on the surface of the contact material 9, and the encounter between the fine flocks accelerates and grows.
【００３９】フロックの剥離・沈積 付着当初の微フロックの接触材９に対する付着力は、あ
る程度大きなものであるため簡単に剥離することはない
が、後続する微フロックを吸着して次第に粗大化すると
水流の剪断力によって剥離するようになる。 Peeling and depositing of flocs The adhesion force of the fine flocs to the contact material 9 at the beginning is not so large that they are easily peeled off, but if the fine flocs that follow are adsorbed and gradually coarsened, the water flow will increase. It comes to peel by the shearing force of.
【００４０】これらの微フロックは、懸濁物質に対する
凝集剤注入率が従来の凝集沈殿法のＡＬＴ比の０．１か
ら０．４に比ベて０．０５から０．００５と低いため、
大きな密度とフロック強度を持ち、剥離の際に解体する
ことはなく、さらに大きな沈降速度を有するので、一定
以上の径まで成長した凝集フロックは、接触材集積ゾー
ン２０内の水流の遅い所や水流の影響の及ばない接触材
９の上部表面あるいは内部などの空隙内に沈積するよう
になる。These fine flocs have a low coagulant injection rate to the suspended solids of 0.05 to 0.005, which is lower than the ALT ratio of 0.1 to 0.4 of the conventional coagulation-sedimentation method.
Since it has a large density and floc strength, does not disintegrate during peeling, and has a higher sedimentation velocity, aggregated flocs that have grown to a certain diameter or more are used in the contact material accumulation zone 20 where the water flow is slow or the water flow is small. Will be deposited on the upper surface of the contact material 9 which is not affected by the above or inside the void such as the inside.
【００４１】フロック群による流路の閉塞ならびに崩壊と分級作用 このように懸濁物質の捕捉が進むと、接触材集積ゾーン
２０内部には接触材９表面に付着している微フロックか
ら大きな沈降速度を持つ粗大な凝集フロックまでと、多
様なフロツク群を包含するようになるが、一部では接触
材９内部あるいは接触材同士の間隙を閉塞するようにフ
ロツクの堆積が進んで、通過水流の影響によって堆積フ
ロック群の崩壊を起こす。Blockage of channel, disintegration and classification action by floc group When the trapping of the suspended substance progresses in this way, inside the contact material accumulation zone 20, a large settling velocity is generated from the fine flocs adhering to the surface of the contact material 9. It is possible to include various floc groups as well as coarse flocculate flocs having a certain amount, but in some cases, the flocs are accumulated so as to close the inside of the contact material 9 or the gap between the contact materials, and the influence of the passing water flow. Causes the collapse of sedimentary flocs.
【００４２】このフロツク群の崩壊現象は、当該フロッ
ク群を分級する効果を持っている。すなわち、粗大化さ
れていないフロツク粒子はその流速によって上部に巻き
上げられて接触材９周囲を旋回しながら更に後続の微フ
ロックを取り込んで粗大化してゆくが、粗大化が進み十
分大きな沈降速度を持つ凝集フロツクは、より下部に位
置する接触材９表面もしくはその内部空隙へと沈積する
ことを繰り返し、やがては接触材層の最下部ヘと集積さ
れてゆく。The collapse phenomenon of the flocks has the effect of classifying the flocs. That is, the non-coarsened floc particles are rolled up by the flow velocity thereof and swirl around the contact material 9 to take in the subsequent fine flocs and coarsen, but the coarsening progresses and has a sufficiently large sedimentation velocity. The agglomerated flocs repeatedly deposit on the surface of the contact material 9 located in the lower part or the internal voids thereof, and eventually accumulate at the lowermost part of the contact material layer.
【００４３】凝集フロックの滑落・沈降 接触材層の最下部に集積された凝集フロックは、その粗
大化が臨界点に達すると、最下部の接触材９から滑落
し、当該滑落した凝集フロツクは、流入ゾーン２１を経
て汚泥貯留ゾーン２２へと沈降してゆき、沈殿汚泥１４
として貯留される。 Sliding / settling of agglomerate flocs The agglomerate flocs accumulated at the bottom of the contact material layer slide down from the bottom contact material 9 when the coarsening reaches a critical point, and the agglomerated flocs slipped off are The sludge is settled into the sludge storage zone 22 through the inflow zone 21, and the settled sludge 14
Is stored as.
【００４４】図１の構成によれば、粗大化した凝集フロ
ックを、機械力などを用いることなく、接触材集積ゾー
ン２０から排除できるので、接触材集積ゾーン２０内の
フロック群の凝集吸着活性を常に高く保持することがで
きる。According to the configuration of FIG. 1, the coarse flocculated flocs can be removed from the contact material accumulation zone 20 without using mechanical force, so that the flocculation and adsorption activity of the flocs in the contact material accumulation zone 20 can be increased. Can always be kept high.
【００４５】処理水質の安定 このように、本来沈殿分離されることのない微フロック
が大きな表面積、空隙率を持つ接触材９ならびにその周
囲のフロツク群の働きによって付着、吸着、粗大化さ
れ、同時に剥離・巻き上げ・沈殿・滑落・堆積などを繰
り返しながら、大きな密度、フロック強度，沈降性を有
する凝集フロックヘと成長してゆくが、その過程で接触
材９層内部は次第にその包含フロック量を増加させ、か
つ、その下層部ヘの凝集フロックの集中をもたらす。こ
のため、通水初期には多くの接触材９によって捕捉され
ることにより微フロツクの流出が抑制され、またフロツ
ク量が増加するに従って、微フロックと種々のフロック
との接触機会が増大することにより安定した処理水質の
確保を図ることができる。 Stability of treated water quality As described above, the fine flocs, which are not originally separated by precipitation, are attached, adsorbed, and coarsened by the action of the contact material 9 having a large surface area and porosity and the flocks around it, and at the same time. While repeating peeling, winding up, sedimentation, sliding down, and deposition, it grows into aggregated flocs with large density, floc strength, and sedimentability. In the process, the 9 layers inside the contact material gradually increase the amount of included flocs. And, it brings about the concentration of the flocs on the lower layer. Therefore, in the initial stage of water flow, a large amount of the contact material 9 is trapped to suppress the outflow of the fine flocs, and as the amount of the flocs increases, the chances of contact between the fine flocs and various flocs increase. It is possible to secure stable treated water quality.
【００４６】なお、低濁度時に比ベると、高濁度時には
懸濁物質の密度がより高くなる傾向があり、凝集フロッ
クの剥離・巻き上げ・沈殿・滑落・堆積などの現象は一
層加速されるので処理水質が悪化することなく安定した
処理を継続できる。When compared with low turbidity, the density of suspended matter tends to be higher at high turbidity, and phenomena such as peeling, winding, precipitation, slipping, and accumulation of aggregated flocs are further accelerated. Therefore, stable treatment can be continued without deteriorating the quality of treated water.
【００４７】制御性の向上 原水の濁度は必ずしも常に一定ではなく、気象条件その
他の理由によって変動するが、原水濁度を検出して予め
設定したＡＬＴ比に従って薬品注入量の管理を行えば、
適正な凝集剤添加の状態を自動的に維持管理することも
極めて容易に行なうことができる。 Improvement of controllability The turbidity of raw water is not always constant and varies depending on weather conditions and other reasons. However, if the raw water turbidity is detected and the chemical injection amount is controlled according to a preset ALT ratio,
It is also extremely easy to automatically maintain and manage the proper coagulant addition state.
【００４８】接触材の洗浄 上記のように、接触材９からのフロツク粒子の剥離・脱
落が自然に行われるので、日常的な洗浄は不要である
が、長時間運転すると内部にフロツク粒子が残留する接
触材９の出現も予想されるため、例えば月に１もしくは
２回の割合いで通水を停止し、逆洗空気管１３からブロ
ワ１１によって得られた圧縮空気を送って撹拌洗浄する
ことも好ましい。この際に、本発明方法で生成されるフ
ロックは、従来の凝集剤過剰添加による粘稠なフロック
と異なり、サラサラしたものであるから容易に接触材か
ら剥離し、接触材９を常に新品同様に保つことが可能で
ある。 Cleaning of contact material As described above, since the flocculates are naturally peeled off from the contact material 9, the routine cleaning is unnecessary, but the flocculates remain inside after a long operation. Since the appearance of the contact material 9 is expected to occur, for example, the water flow may be stopped once or twice a month, and the compressed air obtained by the blower 11 may be sent from the backwash air pipe 13 to stir and wash. preferable. At this time, unlike the conventional viscous flocs produced by the excessive addition of the coagulant, the flocs produced by the method of the present invention are smooth and easily peeled off from the contact material, and the contact material 9 is always as new. It is possible to keep.
【００４９】汚泥処理・処分面の改善 汚泥貯留ゾーン２２に貯留された沈殿汚泥１４は、少量
の凝集剤注入によつて凝集処理したものであるので濃縮
性が良好であり、槽内で５〜１５％と高濃度に濃縮でき
る。したがって、槽内での沈澱汚泥の濃度が１〜２％程
度にしかならない従来の高速凝集沈殿槽のような低濃度
の汚泥を頻繁に引き抜くことによる水ロスを招くことも
ない。また、通水中に汚泥界面計１９からの信号によっ
て、排泥弁１６の開・閉を行なわせることにより、槽内
水を排除することなく濃縮汚泥のみを排泥弁１５から排
除でき、その後の脱水処理工程での濃縮を不要とするこ
ともできる。 Improvement of sludge treatment / disposal aspect Since the settled sludge 14 stored in the sludge storage zone 22 is coagulated by injecting a small amount of coagulant, it has good concentrating ability. It can be concentrated to a high concentration of 15%. Therefore, water loss due to frequent withdrawal of low-concentration sludge as in the conventional high-speed coagulation-sedimentation tank in which the concentration of the settled sludge in the tank is only about 1 to 2% does not occur. Further, by opening and closing the sludge discharge valve 16 by a signal from the sludge interface meter 19 during the passage of water, it is possible to remove only the concentrated sludge from the sludge valve 15 without removing the water in the tank. It is also possible to eliminate the need for concentration in the dehydration treatment step.
【００５０】また得られた濃縮汚泥は、脱水性も極めて
良好で、脱水装置が小さくて済み、更にケーキ含水率が
低下するので処分費の低減が図れる。The concentrated sludge thus obtained has a very good dewatering property, requires only a small dewatering device, and lowers the water content of the cake, so that the disposal cost can be reduced.
【００５１】以上のような処理効果は、主に流入直前の
原水に必要最小限度の無機凝集剤を注入すること、大き
な表面積・空隙率を持つ多数の接触材を集積した接触材
集積ゾーン２０を設けること、および上向流で通水する
この３点によってもたらされたものである。The above-described treatment effects are mainly obtained by injecting the minimum necessary amount of the inorganic coagulant into the raw water immediately before the inflow, and by using the contact material accumulation zone 20 in which a large number of contact materials having a large surface area and porosity are accumulated. It was brought about by the provision and by these three points of up-flowing water.
【００５２】第一の、流入直前の原水に必要最小限度の
無機凝集剤を注入することについては、その注入率は原
水の性状によつて決定されるが、一般的にはたとえ低濃
度であってもＡＬＴ比０．０５から０．００５の範囲で
良く、この値は低濁水を処理する場合における従来法の
数分の一から十数分の一と少ない。Regarding the first, injecting the minimum necessary amount of the inorganic coagulant into the raw water immediately before the inflow, the injection rate is determined by the properties of the raw water, but generally, even at a low concentration. However, the ALT ratio may be in the range of 0.05 to 0.005, and this value is as small as a fraction of a tenth to a tenth of that of the conventional method when treating low muddy water.
【００５３】この凝集剤注入率と下記の効果の相乗効果
によって、沈殿分離速度が２００ｍ／ｄから８００ｍ／
ｄと従来法の数から十倍の高速処理が可能になってい
る。Due to the synergistic effect of the coagulant injection rate and the following effects, the sedimentation separation speed is from 200 m / d to 800 m / d.
It is possible to achieve high-speed processing ten times higher than that of the conventional method.
【００５４】なお、仮に注入率を従来法と同様のＡＬＴ
比０．１から０．４とすると、生成する凝集フロツクは
粘調性を示し、上記のような大きな沈降速度をもつ凝集
フロツクを決して形成することはない。Incidentally, assuming that the injection rate is the same as that of the conventional method,
When the ratio is 0.1 to 0.4, the agglomerate flocs produced are viscous and never form the agglomerate flocks having a large sedimentation rate as described above.
【００５５】第二の、多数の接触材を集積した接触材集
積ゾーン２０を設けたことで、その内部に微フロツクか
ら粗大化した凝集フロツクまでの種々のフロツク群を包
含することができるようになり、継続的に流入する微フ
ロックとの接触機会を飛躍的に高めることができ、低Ａ
ＬＴ比運転であるにもかかわらず良好な処理水が得られ
るという効果をもたらしている。By providing the second contact material accumulating zone 20 in which a large number of contact materials are accumulated, it is possible to include various flocks from fine flocks to coarse flocculation flocks inside. The chance of contact with the fine flocs that continuously flow in can be dramatically increased, and low A
The effect is that good treated water can be obtained despite the LT ratio operation.
【００５６】第三の、接触材集積ゾーンに対する上向流
通水によって、内部のフロック群に剥離・巻き上げ・沈
殿・滑落・堆積などの作用を与えて、最終的に大きな沈
降速度を持っ凝集フロックヘと成長させ、 また分級作
用によって凝集フロックを凝集層下部に集めると共に凝
集・吸着活性の低下した凝集フロツクを接触材集積ゾー
ンから排除して、接触材集積ゾーン内の捕捉フロック総
量を一定に保つなどの効果がもたらされる。Thirdly, the upward flowing water to the contact material accumulation zone exerts an action such as peeling, winding up, sedimentation, sliding down, and accumulation on the floc group inside, and finally it becomes a floc floc having a large sedimentation velocity. For example, the aggregate flocs are allowed to grow under the classification action, and the aggregate flocs having a lower aggregation / adsorption activity are removed from the contact material accumulation zone by the classification action to keep the total amount of trapped flocs in the contact material accumulation zone constant. The effect is brought.
【００５７】実施例２ 図２に示す本例は、比較的大型の装置に適用した構成例
を示したもので、被処理水を槽１内のほぼ全面に均等に
噴出させるべく、槽１内に貫入させた流入管２から複数
本の流入枝管６を分岐すると共に、汚泥貯留ゾーン２２
内に沈降した凝集フロックを槽１の中央部に集泥するべ
く該汚泥貯留ゾーン２２内に汚泥掻寄機１０を設けた構
成を有している。Example 2 The present example shown in FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration applied to a relatively large-sized apparatus. In order to cause the water to be treated to be jetted out uniformly over almost the entire surface of the inside of the tank 1, A plurality of inflow branch pipes 6 are branched from the inflow pipe 2 penetrating into the sludge, and the sludge storage zone 22
The sludge scraper 10 is provided in the sludge storage zone 22 in order to collect the flocculated flocs settled therein in the central portion of the tank 1.
【００５８】更に、本例の装置は、槽１外の流入管２の
途中に原水調製手段としての撹拌槽１７を設けると共
に、汚泥貯留ゾーン２２に沈降した凝集フロックの一部
を該撹拌槽１７に返送すべく、一端が槽１の底部に付設
されている排泥管１５に連通し、他端が上記撹拌槽１７
に連通した汚泥返送管１８を設け、該汚泥返送管１８の
途中に汚泥返送ポンプ１９を設けた構成を有しているこ
とを特徴とする。Further, in the apparatus of this example, a stirring tank 17 as a raw water adjusting means is provided in the middle of the inflow pipe 2 outside the tank 1, and a part of the flocs flocculated in the sludge storage zone 22 is stirred by the stirring tank 17. One end communicates with the sludge discharge pipe 15 attached to the bottom of the tank 1, and the other end communicates with the stirring tank 17 to
A sludge return pipe 18 communicating with the sludge return pipe 18 is provided, and a sludge return pump 19 is provided in the middle of the sludge return pipe 18.
【００５９】このような汚泥の返送手段を有する本例の
装置においては、汚泥貯留ゾーン２２に沈降した凝集フ
ロックの一部を汚泥返送ポンプ１９によって撹拌槽１７
に返送することにより、該返送フロックと被処理水中の
微フロックとの接触邂逅が進行し、その結果、凝集効果
がより向上する。なお、このような凝集フロックの返送
は、低濁水の処理時において特に有効である。In the apparatus of this example having such a sludge returning means, a part of the flocs of flocs settled in the sludge storage zone 22 is agitated by the sludge returning pump 19 to the stirring tank 17.
By returning to the back, the contacting of the returning flocks with the fine flocs in the water to be treated progresses, and as a result, the aggregation effect is further improved. It should be noted that such returning of flocculated flocs is particularly effective when treating low muddy water.
【００６０】更に本例の装置においては接触材９とし
て、被処理水の上昇流によっても浮上することはなく常
に下部流出板８の上部に沈積しているような比重の重い
ものを採用しており、そのため、上記実施例１における
上部流出板８を省略した構成とできる。Further, in the apparatus of this embodiment, as the contact material 9, a material having a large specific gravity is used, which does not float even by the upward flow of the water to be treated and is always deposited on the upper part of the lower outflow plate 8. Therefore, the upper outflow plate 8 in the first embodiment can be omitted.
【００６１】なお、その他の点は実施例１と同様の構成
を有しており、共通する部材には実施例１と同じ符号を
付して説明は省略した。The other points are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the common members are designated by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment and their explanations are omitted.
【００６２】試験例１（低濁水の除濁試験） 図１の装置を用い、以下の凝集沈澱試験を行なった。Test Example 1 (Low turbidity water turbidity test) Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the following flocculation and precipitation test was conducted.
【００６３】すなわち、原水として原水濁度が１５〜４
０度程度の低濁度の河川表流水を用い、該原水にＰＡＣ
（ポリ塩化アルミニウム）をＡＬＴ比が０．００７とな
るように添加した後、下記のような仕様の装置に通水速
度（ＬＶ）＝４００ｍ／ｄで通水して除濁試験を行なっ
た。That is, the raw water has a turbidity of 15 to 4
The surface water of a river with low turbidity of about 0 degrees is used, and PAC is applied to the raw water.
(Polyaluminum chloride) was added so that the ALT ratio was 0.007, and then water was passed through a device having the following specifications at a water flow rate (LV) = 400 m / d to perform a turbidity removal test.
【００６４】 （１）凝集沈澱槽 ４００ｍｍφ×３５００ｍｍＨ （２）充填材 形状 ： 短尺チューブ状 寸法 ： 内径１０ｍｍφ×長さ２０ｍｍ 比重 ： ０．９８ 充填層高： ７００ｍｍＨ この時の処理水濁度、濁度除去率、および汚泥貯留ゾー
ンからの引き抜き汚泥の測定結果を下記表１に示した。(1) Coagulation-sedimentation tank 400 mmφ × 3500 mmH (2) Filler shape: Short tube shape Dimensions: Inner diameter 10 mmφ × length 20 mm Specific gravity: 0.98 Packed bed height: 700 mmH Turbidity and turbidity of treated water at this time The removal rate and the measurement results of the sludge drawn from the sludge storage zone are shown in Table 1 below.
【００６５】[0065]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００６６】試験例２（高濁水の除濁試験） 試験例１と同じ原水にカオリン粉末を添加して原水濁度
が４８０〜１０００度程度の高濁水を調整し、該高濁水
にＰＡＣをＡＬＴ比が０．００５となるように添加して
除濁試験を行なった。Test Example 2 (Purification test for highly turbid water) Kaolin powder was added to the same raw water as in Test Example 1 to prepare highly turbid water having a raw water turbidity of about 480 to 1,000 degrees, and PAC was added to the highly turbid water. A turbidity test was carried out by adding so that the ratio was 0.005.
【００６７】なお、使用した装置および通水速度は上記
実施例１の場合と同じである。The apparatus used and the water flow rate are the same as in the case of Example 1 above.
【００６８】試験結果を下記表２に示した。The test results are shown in Table 2 below.
【００６９】[0069]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００７０】比較例 試験例１と同じ原水にＰＡＣをＡＬＴ比が０．１となる
ように添加した被処理水を従来形式の横流沈澱池によっ
て処理したところ、濁度の除去率は９０％以上であった
が、得られた引抜き汚泥の固形物濃度は２．３％であ
り、上記試験例１および２に比べて著しく低かった。Comparative Example The same raw water as in Test Example 1 was treated with water to which PAC was added so that the ALT ratio was 0.1, and the treated water was treated with a conventional cross-flow sedimentation tank. The turbidity removal rate was 90% or more. However, the solid concentration of the obtained drawn-out sludge was 2.3%, which was remarkably low as compared with the above Test Examples 1 and 2.
【００７１】また、得られた濃度２．３％の汚泥を濃縮
槽にて２４時間濃縮したが、固形物濃度は４．８％にし
か達しなかった。The obtained sludge having a concentration of 2.3% was concentrated in a concentration tank for 24 hours, but the solid concentration reached only 4.8%.
【００７２】参考のために、この濃縮汚泥と、上記試験
例１で得られた引抜き汚泥とをそれぞれ加圧脱水機によ
って無薬注で脱水したところ、下記表３に示したような
結果が得られた。この表３より、本発明によって得られ
る引抜き汚泥の脱水性が極めて良好であることが分か
る。For reference, each of the concentrated sludge and the drawn-out sludge obtained in Test Example 1 was dehydrated by a pressure dehydrator without chemical injection, and the results shown in Table 3 below were obtained. Was given. It can be seen from Table 3 that the drawn sludge obtained by the present invention has extremely good dewaterability.
【００７３】[0073]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００７４】以上の試験例及び比較例から明らかな如
く、本発明によれば濁度２０〜４０度程度の低濁水を、
ＡＬＴ比＝０．００７という極めて低率の凝集剤添加
下、かつＬＶ＝４００ｍ／ｄという高流速通水下におい
て、原水中の濁度を約９０％以上の除去率で除去するこ
とができると共に、固形物濃度が約１２％という従来で
は考えられないような高濃度の、かつ脱水性の良好な引
抜き汚泥として得ることができる。As is clear from the above Test Examples and Comparative Examples, according to the present invention, low muddy water having a turbidity of about 20 to 40 degrees is
It is possible to remove turbidity in raw water with a removal rate of about 90% or more under the addition of a very low rate of coagulant such as ALT ratio = 0.007 and under high flow rate of LV = 400 m / d. It is possible to obtain a drawn sludge having a solid concentration of about 12%, which is unprecedentedly high, and has a good dehydration property.
【００７５】なお以上の説明では、上水，工業用水処理
における適用例を中心に述べてきたが、本発明は排水処
理等において鉄系無機凝集剤を用いて凝集沈澱を行なう
場合にも適用することが可能であり、その場合には上記
ＡＬＴ比をＦｅＴ比（原水濁度に対する鉄イオンの注入
量比）もしくはＦｅＳＳ比（原水濁質濃度に対する鉄イ
オンの注入量比）に置き換えればよく、同様の効果が得
られる。In the above description, the application examples in tap water and industrial water treatment have been mainly described, but the present invention is also applied to the case of performing coagulation precipitation using an iron-based inorganic coagulant in wastewater treatment and the like. In that case, the ALT ratio may be replaced with the FeT ratio (ratio of iron ion injection to the raw water turbidity) or the FeSS ratio (ratio of iron ion injection to the raw water turbidity concentration). The effect of is obtained.
【００７６】[0076]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば以下の特徴的効果が奏さ
れる。 原水濁度に応じて薬品の注入を、従来よりも低いＡ
ＬＴ比、例えば年間の８５〜９０％を占める低濁水を処
理する際には、従来の数分の一から十数分の一という極
めて少ない必要最小限度に抑えた凝集処理を行なうこと
ができる。According to the present invention, the following characteristic effects are exhibited. Depending on the turbidity of the raw water
When treating low-turbid water that occupies an LT ratio, for example, 85 to 90% of the year, it is possible to carry out the coagulation treatment, which is extremely small, which is a fraction of a conventional fraction to a tenth of a decade.
【００７７】 また、懸濁物質の本来もっている沈降
分離特性を最大限に生かしつつ、密で粗大な凝集フロッ
クを形成させる結果、大きな処理速度を実現できる。Further, as a result of forming the dense and coarse flocculation flocs while maximally utilizing the inherent sedimentation and separation characteristics of the suspended substance, a high processing speed can be realized.
【００７８】 設備的にはコンパクトで設備面積が小
さく、形成された凝集フロックの処分が容易かつ簡単
で、それ故に設備の維持管理も容易である。The equipment is compact, the equipment area is small, the formed floc flocs are easily and easily disposed, and therefore the equipment is easily maintained and managed.
【００７９】 密で粗大な凝集フロックが形成され、
高濃度の汚泥が得られる。Dense and coarse agglomerated flocs are formed,
A high concentration of sludge can be obtained.
【００８０】 回収された高濃度の汚泥は、密度が高
く間隙水が少ないので、脱水が容易かつ簡単で、設備の
合理化が実現できる。Since the recovered high-concentration sludge has high density and little pore water, dehydration is easy and easy, and rationalization of equipment can be realized.
【００８１】 設備運転や維持管理が、バルブの切り
換えだけで行えるため容易であり、浮上性分を除去する
ような別途の装置が必要でない。The facility operation and maintenance can be easily performed by simply switching the valve, and a separate device for removing the levitation component is not required.
【００８２】 従来は、たとえ低濁水処理時であって
も凝集剤を過剰に添加しなければならなかったためにｐ
Ｈ調整用のアルカリ剤を多量に添加するケースが多かっ
たが、本発明によれば、凝集剤の添加率が極めて少ない
ためにアルカリ剤の添加は殆ど必要なく、アルカリ剤の
消費量を従来より削減できる。Conventionally, since the coagulant had to be added excessively even during the treatment of low muddy water, p
In many cases, a large amount of the alkaline agent for H adjustment was added, but according to the present invention, the addition rate of the alkaline agent is almost unnecessary because the addition rate of the coagulant is very small, and the consumption amount of the alkaline agent is lower than that of the conventional one. Can be reduced.
【図１】本発明よりなる凝集沈澱槽の構成概要一例を示
した図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a coagulating sedimentation tank according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明よりなる凝集沈澱槽の他の例の構成概要
を示した図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of another example of the coagulating sedimentation tank according to the present invention.
１・・・凝集沈澱槽、２・・・流入管、３・・・無機凝
集剤注入管、４・・・アルカリ剤注入管、５・・・流入
弁、７・・・流出管、８・・・流出防止板、９・・・短
尺チューブ型接触材、１１・・・ブロワ、１３・・・逆
洗空気管、１４・・・沈澱汚泥、１５・・・排泥管、１
６・・・排泥弁、２０・・・接触材集積ゾーン、２１・
・・流入ゾーン、２２汚泥貯留ゾーン。1 ... Coagulation sedimentation tank, 2 ... Inflow pipe, 3 ... Inorganic coagulant injection pipe, 4 ... Alkaline agent injection pipe, 5 ... Inflow valve, 7 ... Outflow pipe, 8. ..Outflow prevention plate, 9 ... Short tube type contact material, 11 ... Blower, 13 ... Backwash air pipe, 14 ... Sedimentation sludge, 15 ... Sludge pipe, 1
6 ... Sludging valve, 20 ... Contact material accumulation zone, 21 ...
..Inflow zone, 22 sludge storage zone.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 鈴木 秀昭 東京都文京区本郷５丁目５番16号 オルガ ノ株式会社内 (72)発明者 宮ノ下 友明 埼玉県戸田市川岸１丁目４番９号 オルガ ノ株式会社総合研究所内Front page continued (72) Inventor Hideaki Suzuki 5-5-16 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Organo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tomoaki Miyanoshita 1-9 Kawagishi, Toda City, Saitama Organo Co., Ltd. Inside the research institute
Claims (11)
れる微細な懸濁物質を凝集フロック化させて沈澱分離す
る凝集沈澱法であって、 短尺チューブ型等の空隙率の大きな小片接触材を多数ラ
ンダムに集積することで上向きの通水に対するよどみ部
分が該集積部内に多数形成されるようにした接触材集積
ゾーンに対し、原水に無機凝集剤を添加することによっ
て調製される懸濁物質と無機凝集剤からなる１００μｍ
以下の微小フロックを含む被処理水を上向流で通水させ
ることを特徴とする凝集沈澱法。1. A coagulation-sedimentation method in which a fine suspended substance contained in raw water is coagulated and flocculated by adding an inorganic coagulant to precipitate and separate, and a small piece contact material such as a short tube type having a large porosity is used. A suspension material prepared by adding an inorganic coagulant to raw water in a contact material accumulation zone in which a large number of stagnation parts for upward water flow are formed in the accumulation part by randomly accumulating a large number of them. 100 μm made of inorganic coagulant
A coagulating sedimentation method characterized in that the water to be treated containing the following micro flocs is passed in an upward flow.
通水する上向流の通水速度が２００ｍ／ｄ〜８００ｍ／
ｄであることを特徴とする凝集沈澱法。2. The upward flow rate of water flowing through the contact material accumulation zone according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate is 200 m / d to 800 m / d.
a coagulation-precipitation method characterized by being d.
機凝集剤からなる１００μｍ以下の微小フロックを含む
被処理水は、微細な懸濁物質を含有する原水に対して極
少量の無機凝集剤を添加し、撹拌して調製されたもので
あることを特徴とする凝集沈澱法。3. The treated water containing fine flocs of 100 μm or less consisting of a suspended substance and an inorganic flocculant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the inorganic flocculated is very small with respect to the raw water containing the fine suspended substance. A coagulating precipitation method characterized by being prepared by adding an agent and stirring.
フロックを形成するために添加される無機凝集剤がアル
ミニウム塩であり、原水に対して添加される該アルミニ
ウム塩の量が、ＡＬＴ比で０．０５〜０．００５である
ことを特徴とする凝集沈澱法。4. The inorganic coagulant according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic flocculant added to form fine flocs together with the suspended substance is an aluminum salt, and the amount of the aluminum salt added to the raw water is ALT ratio. An agglomeration and precipitation method characterized by being 0.05 to 0.005.
凝集剤を添加し撹拌して調製される原水は、濁度が数度
〜１０００度の範囲の原水を対象とするものであること
を特徴とする凝集沈澱法。5. The raw water prepared according to claim 3 or 4 by adding a very small amount of an inorganic coagulant and stirring the raw water having a turbidity of several degrees to 1,000 degrees. An agglomeration and precipitation method characterized by:
理水回収手段が設けられた槽と、この槽内の上記処理水
回収手段よりも下方に設けられて、短尺チューブ型等の
空隙率の大きな小片接触材を多数ランダムに集積して上
向きの通水に対するよどみ部分を該集積部内に多数有す
るように設けた接触材集積ゾーンと、この接触材集積ゾ
ーンよりも下方位置に流入するように設けられた被処理
水の供給手段と、この被処理水の供給手段に接続され、
かつ微細な懸濁物質を含有する原水に対する極少量の無
機凝集剤添加及び撹拌によって該懸濁物質と無機凝集剤
からなる１００μｍ以下の微小フロックを含有した被処
理水を形成するように設けた原水調製手段と、上記被処
理水の流入位置のさらに下方に、沈降する凝集フロック
を滞留させかつ必要に応じて外部に排出するように設け
られた汚泥貯留ゾーンと、を備えたことを特徴とする凝
集沈澱処理設備。6. A short tube type tank provided with treated water flowing upward and provided with treated water collecting means at an upper portion, and a tank provided below the treated water collecting means in the tank. A large number of small-piece contact materials with a large porosity such as, for example, are randomly accumulated to have a large number of stagnation parts for upward water passage in the accumulating portion, and a contact material accumulating zone located below the contact material accumulating zone. The untreated water supply means provided so as to flow in, and the untreated water supply means are connected,
Raw water provided so as to form water to be treated containing fine flocs of 100 μm or less composed of the suspended substance and the inorganic coagulant by adding an extremely small amount of the inorganic coagulant to the raw water containing the fine suspended substance and stirring. A preparation means and a sludge storage zone provided below the inflow position of the water to be treated, for accumulating flocculating flocs and discharging the flocs to the outside as needed. Coagulation sedimentation equipment.
は、上向流の通水速度が２００ｍ／ｄ以上である場合に
浮上する真比重１前後の接触材と、この接触材の上方へ
の流出を防止する網板等の流出防止手段との組合わせに
より形成したことを特徴とする凝集沈澱処理設備。7. The contact material accumulating zone according to claim 6, wherein the contact material having a true specific gravity of about 1 floats when the upflow water velocity is 200 m / d or more, and the contact material upwardly. A coagulation-sedimentation facility characterized by being formed in combination with an outflow prevention means such as a mesh plate for preventing outflow.
は、被処理水の供給手段として設けた供給配管に無機凝
集剤を直接注入するものであることを特徴とする凝集沈
澱処理設備。8. The coagulation-sedimentation facility according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the raw water preparation means directly injects the inorganic coagulant into a supply pipe provided as a means for supplying water to be treated.
は、被処理水の供給手段として設けた供給配管の前段に
配置した撹拌槽であることを特徴とする凝集沈澱処理設
備。9. The coagulation-sedimentation treatment facility according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the raw water preparation means is a stirring tank arranged before the supply pipe provided as the means for supplying the water to be treated.
て、原水調製手段においてアルミニウム塩を無機凝集剤
として原水に添加するように設けると共に、原水の濁度
を測定する濁度検出手段と、アルミニウム塩の添加量を
該濁度検出手段の検出結果に基づいてＡＬＴ比で０．０
５〜０．００５の範囲に制御する添加量制御手段とを設
けたことを特徴とする凝集沈澱処理設備。10. The turbidity detecting means for measuring the turbidity of the raw water, the aluminum salt being provided so as to be added to the raw water as an inorganic coagulant in the raw water preparing means, and the aluminum salt according to claim 6. Of the ALT ratio based on the detection result of the turbidity detecting means.
A coagulation-sedimentation treatment facility, which is provided with an addition amount control means for controlling the amount in the range of 5 to 0.005.
て、汚泥貯留ゾーンに沈降した凝集フロックの一部を原
水調製手段に返送する手段を設けたことを特徴とする凝
集沈澱処理設備。11. The coagulation-sedimentation facility according to claim 6, further comprising means for returning a part of the coagulation flocs settled in the sludge storage zone to the raw water preparation means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05099448A JP3080807B2 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Coagulation sedimentation method and its treatment equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05099448A JP3080807B2 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Coagulation sedimentation method and its treatment equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06304411A true JPH06304411A (en) | 1994-11-01 |
| JP3080807B2 JP3080807B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
Family
ID=14247643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05099448A Expired - Fee Related JP3080807B2 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Coagulation sedimentation method and its treatment equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3080807B2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999033541A1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-08 | Organo Corporation | Coagulation precipitator |
| WO1999058456A1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-18 | Organo Corporation | Coagulator |
| JP2003251365A (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-09 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Microcystis-containing water treatment apparatus and its treatment method |
| JP2006000715A (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2006-01-05 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Equipment and method for flocculation precipitation treatment |
| JP2006218388A (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-24 | Shimizu Gokin Seisakusho:Kk | Water treat method and water treatment apparatus |
| US7820056B2 (en) | 2007-08-17 | 2010-10-26 | Hisaaki Ochiai | Method of flocculating sedimentation treatment |
| JP2011131165A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-07 | Daiyanitorikkusu Kk | Treatment method for inorganic substance-suspended waste water |
| JP2012061426A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-29 | Nippon Solid Co Ltd | Method of treating raw water |
| CN115445257A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-09 | 云南盛楹环保工程有限公司 | Primary purification and desilting equipment for tap water treatment |
-
1993
- 1993-04-26 JP JP05099448A patent/JP3080807B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999033541A1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-08 | Organo Corporation | Coagulation precipitator |
| US6428698B1 (en) | 1997-12-26 | 2002-08-06 | Organo Corporation | Coagulation precipitator |
| WO1999058456A1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-18 | Organo Corporation | Coagulator |
| JP2003251365A (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-09 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Microcystis-containing water treatment apparatus and its treatment method |
| JP2006000715A (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2006-01-05 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Equipment and method for flocculation precipitation treatment |
| JP2006218388A (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-24 | Shimizu Gokin Seisakusho:Kk | Water treat method and water treatment apparatus |
| US7820056B2 (en) | 2007-08-17 | 2010-10-26 | Hisaaki Ochiai | Method of flocculating sedimentation treatment |
| JP2011131165A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-07 | Daiyanitorikkusu Kk | Treatment method for inorganic substance-suspended waste water |
| JP2012061426A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-29 | Nippon Solid Co Ltd | Method of treating raw water |
| CN115445257A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-09 | 云南盛楹环保工程有限公司 | Primary purification and desilting equipment for tap water treatment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3080807B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
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