JP4135341B2 - Coagulation precipitation method and precipitation apparatus - Google Patents

Coagulation precipitation method and precipitation apparatus Download PDF

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JP4135341B2
JP4135341B2 JP2001271876A JP2001271876A JP4135341B2 JP 4135341 B2 JP4135341 B2 JP 4135341B2 JP 2001271876 A JP2001271876 A JP 2001271876A JP 2001271876 A JP2001271876 A JP 2001271876A JP 4135341 B2 JP4135341 B2 JP 4135341B2
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JP2003080007A (en
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邦夫 藤田
修 山下
康隆 末次
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Ishigaki Co Ltd
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Ishigaki Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、河川水、雨水あるいは工場排水などの原液に無機または有機凝集剤を添加して原水中に含まれる微細な懸濁物質を凝集フロック化させて沈殿分離させる凝集沈殿方法と凝集沈殿装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、浮上性の中空円筒ろ材からなる下段の充填層と、粒径の小さい粒状ろ材からなる上段の充填層を形成し、大きな懸濁物を下段の充填層で分離した原水中から小さな懸濁物を上段の充填層で捕捉して、充填層が目詰まりした時に、ろ材を空気で流動させて充填層の目詰まりを解消する懸濁液のろ過装置は、例えば、特開平6−277407号公報に記載してあるように公知である。また、沈殿槽に多数の傾斜板とその上方に浮上性のろ材充填部を設け、粒径の大きい懸濁物を傾斜板の上に沈殿させ、粒径の小さい懸濁物を浮上性ろ材で除去して、浮上性ろ材が目詰まりした時に、空気導入管から空気を吹込んでろ材を流動・攪拌する装置も、例えば、特開平6−63321号公報に記載してあるように公知である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来の上下2段に上下充填剤の粒径や形状を変えることにより、大きな懸濁物質と微細な懸濁物質をろ過作用により効率よく除去できるものであり、ろ材の比重が軽く洗浄が簡単に行えるものであるが、高濁原水を高速で処理した場合、急激な目詰まりが発生し頻繁に洗浄する必要があった。また、粒径の大きい懸濁物を傾斜板の上に沈殿させ、粒径の小さい懸濁物を浮上性ろ材で除去する装置にあっては、接触沈殿作用による処理であり、高速で処理した場合、ブレークスルー現象が起き易く除濁率の低下の恐れがあった。そして、上記従来の槽壁から流入させた原水を上向流で通水する装置にあっては、沈殿濃縮ゾーンが原水流入位置より下部にあり、原水中の微細な懸濁物質の上向きの流れが、粗大化した凝集フロックの沈降の邪魔をして、沈降分離に支障を来していた。この発明は、上記の従来の課題を解決するために、高濁度原水においても少ない薬品注入率で長時間に渡って安定した連続運転を可能とし、大きな処理速度と除濁機能を有する凝集沈殿方法と凝集沈殿装置を提供する。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明に係る凝集沈殿方法の要旨は、ろ過槽の沈殿濃縮ゾーンの上方に凝集フロックを含む原水を複数の噴射口から上向流で流入させ、この原水とその上方の乱流発生部材に流入する水流間に発生する撹乱によりフロックを成長させ、成長したフロックを沈殿濃縮ゾーンに沈殿させ、乱流発生部材を通過する小さなフロックを乱流により再成長させ、乱流発生部材の上部に成長したフロックでブランケットゾーンを形成させて、乱流発生部材を通過した微細なフロックも捕捉させ、このブランケットゾーンで捕捉できなかった超微細なフロックを浮上充填材のろ材層で固液分離を行った後、処理水を抜出すと共に、乱流発生部材の上方に経時的に上昇するフロックのブランケットゾーンの界面がろ材層の近傍に上昇した時、原液を供給しながら界面調整ゾーンに設けた界面検出器でブランケットゾーンの界面を検知して、検知信号で連動させる排泥排出管の自動弁を開閉し、沈殿濃縮ゾーンに堆積した濃縮沈殿汚泥を連続運転中に抜出して、ブランケットゾーンの界面を適宜自動調整しながら継続的に固液分離を行うもので、少量の薬品を原液に添加して、大きな処理速度と除濁機能を有する凝集沈殿方法である。
【0005】
そして、処理水の濁度が設定値を越えた時、原液の流入を停止して、ろ過槽上部に形成したろ材層の下方からろ過槽の外部に排水し、浮上充填材で捕捉したフロックを水流と比重差により分離して、ブランケットゾーンを破壊、消滅させることなく、分離したフロックをろ過槽の外部に排出させ、フロックを捕捉した浮上充填材を再生させる凝集沈殿方法である。また、ろ材層の下方からろ過槽の外部に排出した後、適宜ろ材層中に洗浄水を噴射して、浮上充填材の洗浄排水をろ材層の下方からろ過槽の外部に排出して、ろ材層の全体を洗浄する凝集沈殿方法である。
【0006】
凝集沈殿方法を実施するための装置が、ろ過槽に浮上充填材を収納してろ材層を形成し、このろ材層の下方から凝集フロックを含む原液を上向流で供給し、ろ過槽の槽底に成長したフロックの沈殿濃縮ゾーンと、ろ過槽の頂部に処理水の回収ゾーンを設けた固液分離装置において、上記ろ過槽内の沈殿濃縮ゾーンの上部に突設した原水流入管を複数の噴射口に分岐して上方に向って開口し、原水流入管の上部にフロックを成長させる緩速攪拌ゾーンを設け、この緩速攪拌ゾーンの上方にフロックを再成長させる乱流発生部材のブランケット促進ゾーンを配設すると共に、乱流発生部材の上方に界面調整ゾ―ンを配設して、この界面調整ゾ―ンに成長したフロックのブランケットゾーンを形成させ、界面調整ゾ―ンの上部に浮上性の空隙率の大きな浮上充填材を収納してろ材層の接触分離ゾーンを形成させた凝集沈殿装置である。界面が継時的に上昇するブランケットゾーンは、ろ材層の下方近傍の界面調整ゾーンに濃縮フロックの界面検出器を設け、この界面検出器と排泥排出管の自動弁を連動連結して、連続運転を行いながら沈殿濃縮汚泥を引抜いて、界面調整ゾーンに形成したブランケットゾーンの界面を適宜自動調整させるもので、微細フロックを捕捉するブランケットゾーンを破壊することなく常時形成させて良好な処理水が得られるものである。
【0007】
フロックを再成長させる乱流発生部材は乱流によりフロックを再成長させる構造であればよいもので、水より重い比重で空隙率の大きな小片接触材を通孔を有する漏出防止板に積層すれば、上向流に対するよどみ部分と緩速攪拌部分が形成され、乱流攪拌効果により凝集フロックをより大きく成長させることができる。また、乱流発生部材を多段に並設した傾斜板としても、あるいは、通孔を有する多孔板を所定の間隔をあけて複数段に並設してもよく、上向流に対するよどみ部分と緩速攪拌部分が形成され、乱流攪拌効果により凝集フロックをより大きく成長させることができるものである。また、浮上充填材のろ材層から沈降分離される凝集フロックや浮上充填材の内部に捕捉した原水中に含まれる微細フロックが混合攪拌しながら貯留されることとなり、非常に高濃度で凝集フロックが浮遊および沈着する状況が維持されるものである。
【0008】
ろ材層を形成する浮上充填材は、凹凸のない短尺筒状ろ材をランダムに積層したろ材層からなり、上向流に対するよどみ部分が形成され、原水中に含まれる微細フロックを沈降させ、また微細フロック同士が結合して成長させる。凹凸の少ない浮上充填材は滑りやすく、捕捉したフロックをブランケットゾーンに沈降分離させる。そして、多くのフロックを捕捉した浮上充填材は、比重が水より重くなり沈殿するが、浮上充填材は沈降している間に揺動して捕捉したフロックが剥離脱落し、洗浄された新しい浮上充填材として、再びろ材層に浮上して微細フロックを捕捉するものである。また、沈殿濃縮ゾーンの上部に突設した原水流入管が、複数の噴射口に分岐して上方に向って開口してあり、上向きに通水する原水に偏流を与えることにより、原水の流れがない個所をつくることとなり、沈降してくる凝集フロックを沈殿濃縮ゾーンに沈殿させることができる。
【0009】
浮上充填材が捕捉したフロックを剥離脱落させるために、ろ材層の下方に洗浄排水管を配設し、処理水が懸濁した時に、流速と比重差により浮上充填材からフロックを分離してろ過槽外に排出させるもので、処理水が更に悪化した時には、ろ材層の下方からろ材層の高さの水をろ過槽外部に排出すれば、排水される水の流速と浮上充填材の浮力により差速が生じろ材層の浮上充填材から捕捉したフロックを剥離脱落させ、ブランケットゾーンを破壊、消滅させることなく、界面調整ゾーンの上部から洗浄排水を排出して、浮上充填材を洗浄再生することができる。また、ろ材層の上方に、ろ材層に向って洗浄水流入管を配設して、浮上充填材のろ材層に洗浄水を適宜噴射すれば、ろ材層の下方から浮上充填材の洗浄排水をろ過槽外部に排出して、浮上充填材の全体を洗浄再生させることができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明に係る凝集沈殿方法と凝集沈殿装置は上記のように構成してあり、原水中に少量の原水と中和剤を添加して、原水供給管からろ過槽の沈殿濃縮ゾーンの上部に上向流で流入させる。上向流で流入した凝集フロックを含む原水は、上向きの流入口と乱流発生部材との間に発生する水流の撹乱による緩速攪拌作用で、フロックが成長する。この緩速攪拌ゾーンで成長したフロックは沈降濃縮ゾーンに沈降して、沈殿濃縮汚泥となる。成長しきれなかった比較的小さなフロックは、上向流によりブランケット促進ゾーンの乱流発生部材へ流入する。乱流発生部材で乱流を発生させることにより、乱流発生部材を通過した小さいフロックを再度成長させて、界面調整ゾーンにフロックのブランケットゾーンを形成する。そして、ブランケットゾーンは、それ自身ブランケット促進ゾーンでも捕捉できなかった微細なフロックを捕捉してフロックを清澄させる。このブランケットゾーンで捕捉できなかった超微細なフロックを浮上充填材のろ材層で固液分離を行った後、ろ過槽上部から処理水を抜き出す。
【0011】
乱流発生部材の上方の、経時的に上昇するフロックのブランケットゾーンの界面がろ材層に到達すると処理水は懸濁するが、ブランケットゾーンの界面がろ材層の近傍に上昇した時、界面調整ゾーンに設けた界面自動検出器でブランケットゾーンの界面を検知して、検知信号で連動させる排泥排出管の自動弁を開放し、沈殿濃縮ゾーンに堆積した濃縮フロックを連続運転中に抜出して、ブランケットゾーンの界面がブランケット促進ゾーンの上部近傍の位置まで低下した時に排泥排出管の自動弁を閉塞する。降下したブランケットゾーンのフロックは、乱流発生部材の下方に沈降し、同時に乱流発生部材に捕捉・滞留しているフロックも、ろ過槽外に抜出す水流により下方に排出して沈降させて沈殿濃縮部に貯留する。残余のブランケットゾーンは破壊・消滅することなくブランケット促進ゾーンの上に維持される。そして、処理水の濁度が設定値を越えないように界面調整ゾーンに形成されるブランケットゾーンの界面を適宜調整しながら連続運転を行って、長い連続処理が可能となる。
【0012】
処理水の濁度が設定値を越えた時、原水流入管からの原液の供給を停止して、ろ材層の下方の洗浄排水管から浮上充填材を収納した接触分離ゾーンの水を排水すれば、ろ過槽外に抜出す水流と、水と浮上充填材の比重差によりろ材層に捕捉し、あるいは沈着したフロックを浮上充填材から分離してろ過槽外に排出される。更に、処理水の濁度が増加した時には、接触分離ゾーンの水をろ材層の下方からろ過槽外部に排出した後、適宜洗浄排水管からろ材層中に洗浄水を噴射して、浮上充填材のシャワリングを行い、洗浄排水をろ材層の下方からろ過槽外部に排出する。この洗浄排水をろ材層の下方からろ過槽外部に排出し、原水槽に返送する。洗浄後もブランケットゾーンを破壊・消滅させることなく、ろ材層を形成する浮上充填材を洗浄して再生させて、通常の連続運転を行うことができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
この発明に係る凝集沈殿方法並びにその装置について、図面に基づき詳述すると、図1は凝集沈殿装置であって、凝集フロックを含む原水を流入させるろ過槽1に浮上充填材2が収納してあり、ろ過槽1の上部に張設したろ材流出防止網3とその下方の通孔を有するろ材支持板4の間にろ材層5を形成してある。ろ材層5とろ材支持板4の間には浮上充填材2の流動水域が設けてある。ろ過槽1は底部を逆円錐状とした沈殿濃縮部6が設けてあり、成長したフロックを濃縮貯留する沈殿濃縮ゾーンAとしてある。ろ過槽1の逆円錐状の底部に排泥排出管7が連結してあり、排泥排出管7に濃縮したフロックを抜出す自動弁8が介装してある。ろ過槽1のろ材流出防止網3の頂部に越流堰9を併設した処理水室10が設けてあり、越流堰9に処理水管11を連結して処理水の回収ゾーンBとしてある。
【0014】
ろ過槽1内の沈殿濃縮ゾーンAの上方に原水流入管12が延設してあり、沈殿濃縮ゾーンAの上部に突設した原水流入管12が、この発明の実施例では2本の噴射口13、13に分岐して上方に向って開口してある。原水の上向きの流れと微細な懸濁物質が粗大化した凝集フロックの沈降分離の妨げとならないように噴射口13の数を少なくしてあり、昇降流と下降流が層流を形成するようにしてある。この噴射口13は適宜増加して3、4本としてもよいものである。原水流入管12の上部にスペースを設け、フロックを成長させる緩速攪拌ゾーンCとしてある。なお、原水流入管12に凝集剤注入管14と中和剤注入管15が連結してあり、例えば、工場排水などの原水に凝集剤としてPACを添加し、PHを7.2〜6.8の中性域に調整してろ過槽1に供給する。
【0015】
原水流入管12の上部に設けた緩速攪拌ゾーンCの上方にフロックを再成長させる乱流発生部材16のブランケット促進ゾーンDが配設してある。乱流発生部材16は、図1の実施例では、水より重い比重で空隙率の大きな中空状の小片接触材17を通孔を有する漏出防止板18に積層してあり、小片接触材17は樹脂やセラミック、あるいは金属などで比重が1.1以上、直径20〜50mm、長さ20〜50mmの円筒、角筒、中空球状、あるいは中空多面体等の空隙率の大きい中空体を使用してある。緩速攪拌ゾーンCでは原水流入管12から緩速攪拌ゾーンCに流入した凝集フロックを含む原水を、上向きの噴射口13の流入口と乱流発生部材16との間に発生する水流の撹乱により緩速攪拌作用を起させるようにしてある。適宜積層した乱流発生部材16は、上向流に対するよどみ部分と緩速攪拌部分が形成され、乱流攪拌効果により凝集フロックをより大きく成長させることができ、多くの懸濁物質が捕捉される。そして、フロックを成長させて沈殿濃縮ゾーンAに沈降させ、沈殿濃縮部6に濃縮貯留するようにしてある。
【0016】
図2に示す乱流発生部材の実施例では、並列した傾斜板19…を並列方向を変えて多段に積層して乱流発生部材16を形成してある。図3及び図4に示す実施例では、複数の通孔20a…を穿設した複数枚の多孔板20を間隔を開けて連結杆21に止着して、それぞれの上下方向の通孔20aの位置をずらせてあり、上向流に対するよどみ部分と緩速攪拌個所を多数作り、表面の凹凸の少ない構造のものとしてある。これらの乱流発生部材16は、上向流に対するよどみ部分と緩速攪拌個所を多く造り、凝集フロックをより大きく成長させるようにしてあり、充填物内に捕捉した原水中に含まれる微細フロックが混合攪拌されながら貯留されることとなり、非常に高濃度で凝集フロックが浮遊及び沈着する状況が維持されるブランケット促進ゾーンを形成してある。
【0017】
図1に示すように、乱流発生部材16の上方に界面調整ゾ―ンEが配設してあり、成長しきれなかった比較的小さなフロックが、上向流により乱流発生部材16を通過して流入するようにしてある。乱流発生部材16で乱流を発生させることにより、通過した小さいフロックを再度成長させて乱流発生部材16の上方にブランケットゾーンFを形成させるようにしてある。このブランケットゾーンFはブランケット促進ゾーンDでも捕捉できなかった微細なフロックを捕捉することができる。ろ材層5の下方のろ材支持板4の近傍の界面調整ゾーンEに濃縮フロックの上限の界面検出器22と、乱流発生部材16の上部近傍の界面調整ゾーンEに、濃縮フロックの下限の界面検出器23がそれぞれ設けてあり、排泥排出管7の自動弁8と連動連結してある。
【0018】
ブランケットゾーンFの界面は経時的に上昇し、ろ過槽1の上部のろ材層5に到達し、捕捉量の限界を超えると処理水が悪化するが、ブランケットゾーンFの界面がろ材層5の下方のろ材支持板4近傍まで上昇してきた時に、引続き原水供給管12から原水を供給しながら、ブランケットゾーンFのフロックの界面を界面検出器22で検知して、その検知信号で排泥排出管7の自動弁8を開放し、沈殿濃縮部6の沈殿濃縮汚泥を連続運転中に引抜くようにしてある。そして、ブランケットゾーンFの界面が乱流発生部材16のブランケット促進ゾーンの上部近傍の位置まで低下した時に、界面検出器23で検知して、自動弁8を閉止させるようにしてある。ブランケットゾーンFを破壊・消滅させることなく通常の運転を行うようにしてある。
【0019】
この界面調整ゾ―ンEの上方に形成したろ材層5は、浮上性の空隙率の大きな浮上充填材2を収納して接触分離ゾーンGが形成してある。この浮上充填材2は比重0.9、直径15mm、長さ15mmの凹凸のない短尺チューブを使用してある。このろ材層5を形成している接触分離ゾーンGにブランケットゾーンFにおいて捕捉できなかった超微細なフロックが上昇して流入する。原水中に含まれる超微細なフロックを沈着させ、超微細フロック同士を結合させ、成長したフロックの一部を界面調整ゾーンEに落下させ、ブランケットゾーンFに降下させる。また、浮上充填材2のろ材層5から沈降分離される凝集フロックや浮上充填材2の内部に捕捉した原水中に含まれる微細フロックが混合攪拌しながら乱流発生部材16に貯留される。したがって、非常に高濃度で凝集フロックが浮遊および沈着する状況が維持されるものである。
【0020】
浮上充填材2のろ材層5に到る凝集フロックは、下部に設置されるブランケット促進ゾーンDと界面調整ゾーンEに形成されたブランケットゾーンFにおいて多くの懸濁物質が捕捉されるため非常に少なくなり、凝集剤の添加量も少なくてすむものである。凝集剤の添加量が少ないため、凝集フロックは粘着性の少ない沈降性と剥離性の優れたフロックとなり、凹凸の少ない浮上充填材2を使用するため、容易に沈殿したフロックを剥離させることができる。また、多くのフロックを捕捉した浮上充填材2…は比重が水より重くなり、ろ材支持板4の上部に落下する。浮上充填材2は沈降している間にろ材支持板4の通孔から上昇する水流により揺動して捕捉したフロックが剥利脱落し、再び洗浄された新しい浮上充填材2として接触分離ゾーンGに戻り微細フロックを捕捉する。上記の作用によりろ材層5に捕捉されたフロックは浮上充填材2の内部に捕捉物として残りにくく、また浮上充填材2は大きな空隙率を持っているため、長時間の連続運転が可能となる。
【0021】
図1に示すように、ろ材層5の下方のろ過槽1に洗浄排水管24が連結してあり、処理水管11から抜出す処理水の濁度が設定値を越えた時、原液流入管12からの原液の供給を停止して、洗浄排水管24からろ材層5を収納した接触分離ゾーンGの水を排出し、排水させる流速と浮上充填材2と水の比重差により浮上充填材2に捕捉したフロックを分離してろ過槽外に排出させるようにしてある。また、ろ材流出防止網3の近傍の処理水室10には、ろ材層5に向って洗浄水流入管25が配設してあり、洗浄排水管24から接触分離ゾーンGの水を排出した後、適宜ろ材層5に洗浄水を噴射してシャワリングを行えば、ろ材層5全体の浮上充填材2の洗浄が行われ、ブランケットゾーンFを破壊・消滅させることなく、洗浄後も通常の連続運転を行うことができる。なお、符号26は洗浄排水管24に設けた自動弁であって、処理水質室10に濁度計27を設け、その検知信号により自動弁26を開閉させればよいものである。洗浄排水管24から抜き出した排水は、洗浄排水と一緒に原液槽に返送する。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明の凝集沈殿方法と凝集沈殿装置は、ろ過槽に乱流発生部材と凝集フロックのブランケットゾーンとろ材層を組合せて、ブランケットゾーンを消滅させることなく沈殿汚泥の引抜きと、浮上充填材の洗浄を行うようにしたので、高濁度原水においても長時間に渡って安定した連続運転が可能となり、薬品注入率が少なくて、大きな処理速度と大きな除濁機能有する凝集沈殿方法となるものである。即ち、従来の高濁原水を高速で凝集沈殿処理すると、急激な目詰まりが発生し頻繁に洗浄する必要があった。また、ブレークスルー現象が起き易く除濁率悪化の恐れがあり、原水中の微細な懸濁物質の上向きの流れが、粗大化した凝集フロックの沈降分離に支障を来していた。この発明の凝集沈殿方法並びに凝集沈殿装置にあっては、上向流で流入させる原水とその上方の乱流発生部材に流入する水流間に発生する撹乱によりフロックを成長させ、小さなフロックを乱流発生部材に通過させて再成長させ、乱流発生部材の上部に成長したフロックでブランケットゾーンを形成し、微細なフロックも捕捉させ、このブランケットゾーンで捕捉できなかった超微細なフロックを浮上充填材のろ材層で固液分離を行って処理水を抜出すと共に、沈降濃縮ゾーンの濃縮汚泥を適宜引抜いて、乱流発生部材の上方に経時的に上昇するフロックのブランケットゾーンの界面を調整し、継続的に固液分離を行うもので、微細フロックを捕捉するブランケットゾーンを破壊・消滅させることなく常時形成させて良好な処理水が得られ、少量の薬品を原液に添加して、大きな処理速度と除濁機能を有する連続運転が可能となるものである。
【0023】
また、フロックを再成長させる乱流発生部材は適宜積層した小片接触材とすれば、上向流に対するよどみ部分と緩速攪拌部分が形成され、乱流攪拌効果により凝集フロックをより大きく成長させることができるものである。また、乱流発生部材を多段に並列した傾斜板とし、あるいは、多段に並列した多孔板としてもよく、浮上ろ材のろ材層から沈降分離される凝集フロックや浮上充填材の内部に捕捉した原水中に含まれる微細フロックが混合攪拌しながら貯留されることとなり、非常に高濃度で凝集フロックが浮遊および沈着する状況が維持されるものである。
【0024】
そして、ろ材層を形成する浮上充填材が、凹凸のない短尺筒状ろ材をランダムに積層したろ材層としてあるので、上向流に対するよどみ部分が形成され、原水中に含まれる微細フロックを沈降させ、微細フロック同士が結合し、凹凸の少ないろ材は滑りやすく容易に沈殿物は界面調整ゾーンのブランケットゾーンに沈降分離される。また、多くの懸濁物質を捕捉した浮上充填材は、比重が水より重くなり、沈降している間に揺動して捕捉したフロックが剥離脱落させるものである。そして、原水流入管の噴射口が原水に偏流を与えることにより、沈降してくる凝集フロックを沈殿濃縮ゾーンに沈殿させることができる。
【0025】
浮上充填材が捕捉したフロックを剥離させるために、ろ材層の下方に洗浄排水管を配設し、処理水が懸濁した時に、流速と比重差により浮上充填材からフロックを分離してろ過槽外に排出させるもので、処理水が更に悪化した時には、ろ材層の下方から接触分離ゾーンの水をろ過槽外部に排出すれば、排水される水の流速と浮上充填材の浮力により差速が生じろ材層の下層部の浮上充填材が捕捉したフロックを剥離脱落させ、ブランケットゾーンを破壊、消滅させることなく、界面調整ゾーンの上部から洗浄排水を排出して、浮上充填材を洗浄再生することができる。また、処理水室にろ材層に向って洗浄水流入管を配設すれば、浮上充填材のろ材層中に洗浄水を適宜噴射して、ろ材層の下方から浮上充填材の洗浄排水をろ過槽外部に排出すれば、浮上充填材の全体を洗浄再生させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 この発明に係る凝集沈殿装置の縦断側面図である。
【図2】 乱流発生部材を傾斜板で構成した他の実施例の側面図である。
【図3】 乱流発生部材を通孔を有する多孔板で構成した他の実施例の側面図である。
【図4】 多孔板で構成した乱流発生部材の平面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ろ過槽
2 浮上充填材
5 ろ材層
7 排泥排出管
8 自動弁
12 原水流入管
13 噴射口
16 乱流発生部材
17 小片接触材
18 漏出防止板
19 傾斜板
20 多孔板
22、23 界面検出器
24 洗浄排水管
25 洗浄水流入管
A 沈殿濃縮ゾーン
B 回収ゾーン
C 緩速攪拌ゾーン
D ブランケット促進ゾーン
E 界面調整ゾーン
F ブランケットゾーン
G 接触分離ゾーン
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coagulation sedimentation method and a coagulation sedimentation apparatus in which an inorganic or organic coagulant is added to a raw solution such as river water, rainwater, or factory effluent, and fine suspended substances contained in the raw water are coagulated flocked and separated. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a lower packed bed made of a floatable hollow cylindrical filter medium and an upper packed bed made of a granular filter medium with a small particle size were formed, and a small suspension was separated from the raw water separated by the lower packed bed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-277407 discloses a suspension filtration apparatus that traps a substance in an upper packed bed and causes the filter medium to flow with air when the packed bed is clogged to eliminate the clogging of the packed bed. It is known as described in the publication. In addition, the sedimentation tank is provided with a large number of inclined plates and a floatable filter medium filling section above it, so that suspensions with a large particle size are precipitated on the inclined plates, and suspensions with a small particle size are An apparatus for blowing and filtering the filter medium by blowing air from the air introduction pipe when the floating filter medium is removed and clogged is also known, for example, as described in JP-A-6-63321.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By changing the particle size and shape of the upper and lower fillers in the upper and lower stages of the conventional method, large suspended substances and fine suspended substances can be efficiently removed by filtration, and the specific gravity of the filter medium is light and easy to clean. However, when high-turbidity raw water was processed at high speed, sudden clogging occurred and it was necessary to wash frequently. In addition, in an apparatus for precipitating a suspension having a large particle size on an inclined plate and removing the suspension having a small particle size with a levitating filter medium, the treatment is performed by contact precipitation, and is processed at high speed. In such a case, the breakthrough phenomenon is likely to occur, and there is a fear that the turbidity is lowered. And, in the conventional apparatus for passing the raw water introduced from the tank wall in an upward flow, the precipitation concentration zone is below the raw water inflow position, and the upward flow of fine suspended matter in the raw water However, it interfered with the sedimentation of the coarsened flocs and hindered sedimentation. In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present invention enables stable continuous operation over a long period of time with a low chemical injection rate even in high turbidity raw water, and has a large treatment speed and turbidity-removing function. A method and a coagulation sedimentation apparatus are provided.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the coagulation sedimentation method according to the present invention is that raw water containing coagulation flocs flows upward from a plurality of injection ports above the sediment concentration zone of the filtration tank, and flows into the raw water and the turbulent flow generating member thereabove. The flocs grew by the disturbance generated between the flowing water, the grown flocs were settled in the precipitation concentration zone, and the small flocs that passed through the turbulent flow generating member were regrown by the turbulent flow and grown on the upper part of the turbulent flow generating member. After forming a blanket zone with flocs to capture fine flocs that have passed through the turbulent flow generating member, after performing solid-liquid separation of ultrafine flocs that could not be captured in this blanket zone with a filter medium layer of floating filler When the treated water is withdrawn and the interface of the flock blanket zone that rises over time above the turbulent flow generating member rises in the vicinity of the filter medium layer, the stock solution must not be supplied. Detects the interface of the blanket zone at the interface detector provided in Luo interface adjustment zone, by opening and closing the automatic valve of the waste sludge discharge pipe that links the detection signal, a concentrated settled sludge deposited precipitate concentration zone during continuous operation The solid-liquid separation is performed by extracting and continuously adjusting the interface of the blanket zone as appropriate, and is a coagulation-precipitation method in which a small amount of chemical is added to the stock solution and has a large processing speed and turbidity removal function.
[0005]
Then, when the turbidity of the treated water exceeds the set value, stop the inflow of the stock solution, drain from the lower side of the filter medium layer formed at the upper part of the filter tank to the outside of the filter tank, and collect the floc captured by the floating filler. This is a coagulation-precipitation method in which the separated flocs are discharged to the outside of the filtration tank and the floating filler that has captured the flocs is regenerated without being separated by water flow and specific gravity difference and destroying or disappearing the blanket zone. Also, after discharging from the lower side of the filter medium layer to the outside of the filtration tank, the washing water is appropriately jetted into the filter medium layer, and the washing waste water of the floating filler is discharged from the lower part of the filter medium layer to the outside of the filter tank. This is a coagulation precipitation method in which the entire layer is washed.
[0006]
The apparatus for carrying out the coagulation sedimentation method stores the floating filler in the filtration tank, forms a filter medium layer, and supplies the stock solution containing the coagulation floc in an upward flow from below the filter medium layer. In a solid-liquid separation device provided with a flocs precipitation concentration zone grown at the bottom and a treated water recovery zone at the top of the filtration tank, a plurality of raw water inflow pipes protruding above the precipitation concentration zone in the filtration tank are provided. Blanket promotion of the turbulent flow generating member that diverges to the injection port, opens upward, and provides a slow stirring zone for growing floc above the raw water inflow pipe and regrows floc above this slow stirring zone In addition to disposing a zone, an interface adjustment zone is disposed above the turbulent flow generating member to form a flock blanket zone that has grown on the interface adjustment zone, and above the interface adjustment zone. High floating porosity Houses the Do floating filler is coagulating sedimentation apparatus to form a contact separation zone of the filter material layer. In the blanket zone where the interface rises over time, a concentration flock interface detector is installed in the interface adjustment zone near the lower part of the filter medium layer, and this interface detector and the automatic valve of the mud discharge pipe are connected in a continuous manner. Pull out the sediment concentrated sludge while operating, and automatically adjust the interface of the blanket zone formed in the interface adjustment zone as appropriate, always forming the blanket zone that captures fine flocs without destroying it and providing good treated water It is obtained.
[0007]
The turbulent flow generating member that regrows flocs only needs to have a structure that regrows flocs by turbulent flow, and if it is laminated on a leakage prevention plate having a small piece contact material with a specific gravity heavier than water and a large porosity, The stagnation part and the slow stirring part with respect to the upward flow are formed, and the aggregated floc can be grown larger due to the turbulent stirring effect. In addition, an inclined plate in which turbulent flow generating members are arranged in multiple stages, or a perforated plate having through holes may be arranged in a plurality of stages at a predetermined interval, and the stagnation part with respect to the upward flow is relaxed. A fast stirring portion is formed, and the aggregated floc can be grown larger by the turbulent stirring effect. In addition, agglomerated floc settled and separated from the filter material layer of the floating filler and fine flocs contained in the raw water trapped inside the floating filler are stored with mixing and stirring, and agglomerated floc is formed at a very high concentration. Floating and depositing conditions are maintained.
[0008]
The floating filler that forms the filter medium layer is composed of a filter medium layer in which short tubular filter media without irregularities are randomly stacked, forming a stagnation part against upward flow, allowing fine flocs contained in the raw water to settle, and fine Flocks grow together. Floating fillers with few irregularities are slippery and allow the captured flocs to settle and separate into the blanket zone. The floating filler that captured a lot of flocs settles because the specific gravity is heavier than water and settles, but the floating filler swings while it is sinking and the captured flocs are peeled off and washed away. As a filler, it floats again on the filter medium layer and captures fine flocs. In addition, the raw water inflow pipe protruding from the upper part of the sediment concentration zone is branched into a plurality of injection ports and opened upward, and the flow of the raw water is caused by giving a drift to the raw water flowing upward. As a result, the aggregated floc that settles down can be precipitated in the precipitation concentration zone.
[0009]
In order to peel off the flocs captured by the floating filler, a washing drain pipe is installed below the filter medium layer, and when the treated water is suspended, the flocs are separated from the floating filler by the difference in flow rate and specific gravity and filtered. If the treated water deteriorates further, if the water at the height of the filter medium layer is discharged from the bottom of the filter medium layer to the outside of the filter tank, the flow rate of the drained water and the buoyancy of the floating filler Float trapped from the floating filler in the filter media layer where the differential speed is generated is peeled and dropped, and the waste water is discharged from the upper part of the interface adjustment zone to clean and regenerate the floating filler without destroying or annihilating the blanket zone. Can do. In addition, if a washing water inflow pipe is arranged above the filter medium layer and directed to the filter medium layer, and washing water is appropriately sprayed onto the filter medium layer of the floating filler, the washing waste water of the floating filler is filtered from below the filter medium layer. It can be discharged outside the tank and the entire floating filler can be washed and regenerated.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The coagulation sedimentation method and the coagulation sedimentation apparatus according to the present invention are configured as described above. A small amount of raw water and a neutralizing agent are added to the raw water, and the upper part of the precipitation concentration zone of the filter tank is added from the raw water supply pipe. Inflow in countercurrent. The raw water containing the aggregated floc flowing in the upward flow grows by the slow stirring action caused by the disturbance of the water flow generated between the upward inlet and the turbulent flow generating member. The floc grown in this slow stirring zone settles in the sedimentation concentration zone and becomes sedimentation concentration sludge. The relatively small floc that could not be grown flows into the turbulence generating member in the blanket acceleration zone by upward flow. By generating turbulent flow with the turbulent flow generating member, the small flocs that have passed through the turbulent flow generating member are grown again to form a flock blanket zone in the interface adjustment zone. Then, the blanket zone captures fine flocs that could not be captured by the blanket promotion zone, and clarifies the flocs. The ultrafine flocs that could not be captured in the blanket zone are subjected to solid-liquid separation with the filter medium layer of the floating filler, and then the treated water is extracted from the upper part of the filtration tank.
[0011]
When the interface of the flock blanket zone rising over time reaches the filter medium layer above the turbulent flow generating member, the treated water is suspended, but when the interface of the blanket zone rises near the filter medium layer, the interface adjustment zone Detecting the interface of the blanket zone with the interface automatic detector provided in, open the automatic valve of the sludge discharge pipe linked with the detection signal, and extract the concentrated floc accumulated in the sediment concentration zone during continuous operation, and blanket When the zone interface falls to a position near the top of the blanket promotion zone, the automatic valve of the mud discharge pipe is closed. The flocs in the lowered blanket zone settle below the turbulent flow generating member, and at the same time, the flocs trapped and staying in the turbulent flow generating member are discharged and settled downward by the water flow drawn out of the filtration tank. Store in the concentrator. The remaining blanket zone is maintained above the blanket promotion zone without destroying or disappearing. Then, continuous operation is performed while appropriately adjusting the interface of the blanket zone formed in the interface adjustment zone so that the turbidity of the treated water does not exceed the set value, and long continuous processing is possible.
[0012]
When the turbidity of the treated water exceeds the set value, stop the supply of the stock solution from the raw water inflow pipe and drain the water in the contact separation zone containing the floating filler from the washing drain pipe below the filter medium layer. The water flow drawn out of the filtration tank and the specific gravity difference between the water and the floating filler are trapped in the filter medium layer, or the deposited flock is separated from the floating filler and discharged out of the filtration tank. Further, when the turbidity of the treated water increases, the water in the contact separation zone is discharged from the lower side of the filter medium layer to the outside of the filtration tank, and then the cleaning water is appropriately jetted from the cleaning drain pipe into the filter medium layer to float the filler. The waste water is discharged from the bottom of the filter medium layer to the outside of the filtration tank. This washing wastewater is discharged from the bottom of the filter medium layer to the outside of the filtration tank and returned to the raw water tank. Even after the cleaning, the normal continuous operation can be performed by cleaning and regenerating the floating filler forming the filter medium layer without destroying / disappearing the blanket zone.
[0013]
【Example】
The coagulation sedimentation method and the apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an aggregation sedimentation apparatus in which a floating filler 2 is accommodated in a filter tank 1 into which raw water containing coagulation floc is introduced. A filter medium layer 5 is formed between a filter medium outflow prevention net 3 stretched on the upper part of the filtration tank 1 and a filter medium support plate 4 having a through hole therebelow. Between the filter medium layer 5 and the filter medium support plate 4, a flowing water region of the floating filler 2 is provided. The filtration tank 1 is provided with a precipitation concentrating portion 6 having a bottom portion having an inverted conical shape, and serves as a precipitation concentrating zone A for concentrating and storing the grown floc. A sludge discharge pipe 7 is connected to the bottom of the inverted conical shape of the filtration tank 1, and an automatic valve 8 for extracting the concentrated floc is interposed in the waste mud discharge pipe 7. A treated water chamber 10 having an overflow weir 9 is provided at the top of the filter medium outflow prevention network 3 of the filtration tank 1, and a treated water pipe 11 is connected to the overflow weir 9 to form a treated water recovery zone B.
[0014]
The raw water inflow pipe 12 extends above the precipitation concentration zone A in the filtration tank 1, and the raw water inflow pipe 12 protruding from the upper part of the precipitation concentration zone A has two injection ports in the embodiment of the present invention. It branches into 13 and 13 and is opened upwards. The number of injection ports 13 is reduced so that the upward flow of the raw water and the fine flocculent matter do not hinder the settling separation of the flocculated flocs, so that the up and down flow and the down flow form a laminar flow. It is. The number of the injection ports 13 may be appropriately increased to 3 or 4. A space is provided in the upper part of the raw water inflow pipe 12 to form a slow stirring zone C for growing floc. A flocculant injection pipe 14 and a neutralizing agent injection pipe 15 are connected to the raw water inflow pipe 12. For example, PAC is added as a flocculant to raw water such as factory wastewater, and PH is set to 7.2 to 6.8. Adjusted to the neutral region of the water and supplied to the filtration tank 1.
[0015]
A blanket promoting zone D of the turbulent flow generating member 16 for regrowing flocs is disposed above the slow stirring zone C provided at the upper part of the raw water inflow pipe 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the turbulent flow generating member 16 is laminated on a leakage prevention plate 18 having a through hole with a hollow small piece contact material 17 having a specific gravity heavier than water and a large porosity. A hollow body having a high porosity such as a cylinder, a rectangular tube, a hollow sphere, or a hollow polyhedron having a specific gravity of 1.1 or more, a diameter of 20 to 50 mm, and a length of 20 to 50 mm, such as resin, ceramic, or metal is used. . In the slow stirring zone C, the raw water containing the aggregated floc flowing into the slow stirring zone C from the raw water inflow pipe 12 is disturbed by the water flow generated between the inlet of the upward injection port 13 and the turbulent flow generating member 16. A slow stirring action is caused. The turbulent flow generating member 16 appropriately stacked has a stagnation part and a slow stirring part with respect to the upward flow, and the aggregated flocs can be grown larger due to the turbulent stirring effect, and a large amount of suspended matter is captured. . Then, flocs are grown and settled in the precipitation concentration zone A, and concentrated and stored in the precipitation concentration unit 6.
[0016]
In the embodiment of the turbulent flow generating member shown in FIG. 2, the turbulent flow generating member 16 is formed by laminating parallel inclined plates 19. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a plurality of perforated plates 20 having a plurality of through holes 20a... The position is shifted, and the stagnation part and the slow stirring part with respect to the upward flow are made, and the structure has few surface irregularities. These turbulent flow generating members 16 have many stagnation portions and slow stirring portions for upward flow, so that the aggregated flocs grow larger, and the fine flocs contained in the raw water trapped in the packing are It is stored while being mixed and stirred, and a blanket accelerating zone is formed in which the state where the aggregated floc floats and deposits at a very high concentration is maintained.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 1, an interface adjustment zone E is disposed above the turbulent flow generating member 16, and a relatively small floc that could not be grown passes through the turbulent flow generating member 16 by upward flow. Then it flows in. By generating a turbulent flow with the turbulent flow generating member 16, the small flocs that have passed are grown again to form a blanket zone F above the turbulent flow generating member 16. The blanket zone F can capture fine flocs that could not be captured in the blanket promotion zone D. An interface detector 22 at the upper limit of the concentrated flocs in the interface adjustment zone E in the vicinity of the filter medium support plate 4 below the filter media layer 5 and an interface at the lower limit of the concentrated flocs in the interface adjustment zone E near the upper part of the turbulent flow generating member 16. Each detector 23 is provided and linked to the automatic valve 8 of the mud discharge pipe 7.
[0018]
The interface of the blanket zone F rises with time, reaches the filter medium layer 5 at the upper part of the filtration tank 1, and the treated water deteriorates when it exceeds the limit of the trapping amount, but the interface of the blanket zone F is below the filter medium layer 5. When the filter medium has risen to the vicinity of the filter medium support plate 4, the raw water supply pipe 12 continues to supply the raw water while the flock interface of the blanket zone F is detected by the interface detector 22, and the waste mud discharge pipe 7 is detected by the detection signal. The automatic valve 8 is opened, and the sediment-concentrated sludge in the sediment concentration section 6 is extracted during continuous operation. Then, when the interface of the blanket zone F is lowered to a position near the upper part of the blanket promotion zone of the turbulent flow generating member 16, the interface detector 23 detects it and the automatic valve 8 is closed. Normal operation is performed without destroying / disappearing the blanket zone F.
[0019]
The filter medium layer 5 formed above the interface adjustment zone E accommodates the floating filler 2 having a high floating porosity and forms a contact separation zone G. The floating filler 2 is a short tube having a specific gravity of 0.9, a diameter of 15 mm, and a length of 15 mm and having no irregularities. The ultrafine floc that could not be captured in the blanket zone F rises and flows into the contact separation zone G forming the filter medium layer 5. Ultrafine flocs contained in the raw water are deposited, the ultrafine flocs are bonded together, a part of the grown flocs is dropped to the interface adjustment zone E, and dropped to the blanket zone F. Further, the aggregated floc settled and separated from the filter medium layer 5 of the floating filler 2 and the fine floc contained in the raw water trapped inside the floating filler 2 are stored in the turbulent flow generating member 16 while being mixed and stirred. Therefore, the situation where the aggregated floc floats and deposits at a very high concentration is maintained.
[0020]
Agglomerated floc reaching the filter medium layer 5 of the floating filler 2 is very small because many suspended solids are trapped in the blanket promotion zone D and the blanket zone F formed in the interface adjustment zone E. Therefore, the amount of the flocculant added can be reduced. Since the addition amount of the flocculant is small, the flocs are flocs with less stickiness and excellent releasability, and because the floating filler 2 with less unevenness is used, the precipitated flocs can be easily peeled off. . Further, the floating fillers 2 that have captured a lot of flocs have a specific gravity heavier than that of water and fall to the upper part of the filter medium support plate 4. While the floating filler 2 is sinking, it is swung by the water flow rising from the through-hole of the filter medium support plate 4 and the captured flocks are peeled off and removed as a new floating filler 2 washed again. Return to capture fine flocs. The flocs captured by the filter medium layer 5 due to the above-described action are unlikely to remain as trapped substances in the floating filler 2, and the floating filler 2 has a large porosity, so that it can be operated continuously for a long time. .
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 1, a washing drain pipe 24 is connected to the filtration tank 1 below the filter medium layer 5, and when the turbidity of the treated water extracted from the treated water pipe 11 exceeds a set value, the undiluted solution inflow pipe 12. From the washing drainage pipe 24, the water in the contact separation zone G containing the filter medium layer 5 is discharged and drained to the floating filler 2 due to the flow velocity to be drained and the specific gravity difference between the floating filler 2 and the water. The captured floc is separated and discharged out of the filtration tank. Further, in the treated water chamber 10 in the vicinity of the filter medium outflow prevention net 3, a washing water inflow pipe 25 is arranged toward the filter medium layer 5, and after discharging the water in the contact separation zone G from the washing drain pipe 24, If showering is performed by appropriately spraying cleaning water onto the filter medium layer 5, the floating filler 2 of the entire filter medium layer 5 is cleaned, and the normal continuous operation is performed after the cleaning without destroying and extinguishing the blanket zone F. It can be performed. Reference numeral 26 denotes an automatic valve provided in the washing drain pipe 24. The turbidimeter 27 is provided in the treated water quality chamber 10, and the automatic valve 26 may be opened and closed by the detection signal. The waste water extracted from the cleaning drain pipe 24 is returned to the stock solution tank together with the cleaning waste water.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the coagulation sedimentation method and the coagulation sedimentation apparatus of the present invention combine the turbulent flow generating member, the coagulation floc blanket zone and the filter medium layer in the filtration tank, and withdraw the sedimentation sludge without annihilating the blanket zone. Because the floating filler is washed, stable continuous operation is possible for a long time even in high turbidity raw water, the chemical injection rate is low, the coagulation sedimentation method has a large treatment speed and a large turbidity function. It will be. That is, when conventional high-turbidity raw water is coagulated and precipitated at a high speed, rapid clogging occurs and it is necessary to wash frequently. In addition, breakthrough phenomenon is likely to occur and the turbidity rate may be deteriorated, and the upward flow of fine suspended solids in the raw water has hindered sedimentation separation of coarse aggregated flocs. In the coagulation sedimentation method and the coagulation sedimentation apparatus of the present invention, flocs are grown by disturbance generated between the raw water that flows in the upward flow and the water flow that flows into the turbulent flow generation member thereabove, and small flocs are turbulent. A blanket zone is formed with flocs grown on the top of the turbulent flow generation member and passed through the generating member, and fine flocs are captured, and the ultrafine flocs that could not be captured in this blanket zone are levitated filler In addition to extracting the treated water by separating the solid and liquid in the filter medium layer, the concentrated sludge in the sedimentation concentration zone is appropriately extracted to adjust the interface of the flock blanket zone that rises over time above the turbulent flow generating member, Continuous solid-liquid separation, the blanket zone that captures fine flocs is always formed without destroying or disappearing, and good treated water is obtained, By adding chemicals amount stock, in which continuous operation with a large processing speed and clarifying function becomes possible.
[0023]
In addition, if the turbulent flow generating member for re-growing the floc is a small piece contact material laminated appropriately, a stagnation part and a slow stirring part for the upward flow are formed, and the coagulated flocs are grown larger by the turbulent stirring effect. It is something that can be done. The turbulent flow generating members may be inclined plates arranged in multiple stages, or perforated plates arranged in multiple stages, and the raw water trapped inside the aggregated floc and floating filler that separates from the filter medium layer of the floating filter medium. The fine flocs contained in the water are stored while being mixed and agitated, and the situation where the aggregated flocs float and deposit at a very high concentration is maintained.
[0024]
Since the floating filler forming the filter medium layer is a filter medium layer in which short cylindrical filter media without irregularities are randomly stacked, a stagnation portion against upward flow is formed, and fine flocs contained in the raw water are allowed to settle. The fine flocs are bonded to each other, and the filter medium with few irregularities is slippery and the precipitate is settled and separated into the blanket zone of the interface adjustment zone. In addition, the floating filler that captures a lot of suspended solids has a specific gravity heavier than that of water and swings while sinking, and the captured flocs are peeled off. And the jet port of a raw | natural water inflow pipe gives a drift to raw | natural water, and the aggregated floc which settles can be settled in a precipitation concentration zone.
[0025]
In order to peel off the flocs captured by the floating filler, a washing drain pipe is provided below the filter medium layer. When the treated water is suspended, the floc is separated from the floating filler by the difference in flow rate and specific gravity, and the filtration tank. When the treated water deteriorates further, if the water in the contact separation zone is discharged from the lower part of the filter medium layer to the outside of the filtration tank, the difference in speed is caused by the flow rate of the drained water and the buoyancy of the floating filler. The flocs trapped by the floating filler in the lower layer of the filter media layer are peeled and dropped, and the washing wastewater is discharged from the upper part of the interface adjustment zone to regenerate the floating filler without destroying or annihilating the blanket zone. Can do. In addition, if a washing water inflow pipe is provided in the treated water chamber toward the filter medium layer, the washing water is appropriately jetted into the filter medium layer of the floating filler, and the washing waste water of the floating filler is filtered from below the filter medium layer. If discharged to the outside, the entire floating filler can be washed and regenerated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view of a coagulation sedimentation apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of another embodiment in which the turbulent flow generating member is composed of an inclined plate.
FIG. 3 is a side view of another embodiment constituted by a perforated plate having a through hole for a turbulent flow generating member.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a turbulent flow generating member constituted by a perforated plate.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Filtration tank 2 Floating filler 5 Filter medium layer 7 Drainage discharge pipe 8 Automatic valve 12 Raw water inflow pipe 13 Injection port 16 Turbulence generating member 17 Small piece contact material 18 Leakage prevention plate 19 Inclination plate 20 Perforated plate 22, 23 Interface detector 24 Washing drain pipe 25 Washing water inflow pipe A Precipitation concentration zone B Recovery zone C Slow stirring zone D Blanket acceleration zone E Interface adjustment zone F Blanket zone G Contact separation zone

Claims (10)

ろ過槽(1)の沈殿濃縮ゾーン(A)の上方に凝集フロックを含む原水を複数の噴射口(13)から上向流で流入させ、この原水とその上方の乱流発生部材(16)に流入する水流間に発生する撹乱によりフロックを成長させ、成長したフロックを沈殿濃縮ゾーン(A)に沈殿させ、乱流発生部材(16)を通過する小さなフロックを乱流により再成長させ、乱流発生部材(16)の上部に成長したフロックでブランケットゾーン(F)を形成させて、乱流発生部材(16)を通過した微細なフロックも捕捉させ、このブランケットゾーン(F)で捕捉できなかった超微細なフロックを浮上充填材(2)のろ材層(5)で固液分離を行った後、処理水を抜出すと共に、乱流発生部材(16)の上方に経時的に上昇するフロックのブランケットゾーン(F)の界面がろ材層(5)の近傍に上昇した時、原液を供給しながら界面調整ゾーン(E)に設けた界面検出器(22、23)でブランケットゾーン(F)の界面を検知して、検知信号で連動させる排泥排出管(7)の自動弁(8)を開閉し、沈殿濃縮ゾーンに堆積した濃縮沈殿汚泥を連続運転中に抜出して、ブランケットゾーン(F)の界面を適宜自動調整しながら継続的に固液分離を行うことを特徴とする凝集沈殿方法。Raw water containing flocculated flocs flows upward from the plurality of injection ports (13) above the sediment concentration zone (A) of the filtration tank (1), and flows into the raw water and the turbulent flow generating member (16) thereabove. The flocs are grown by the disturbance generated between the inflowing water streams, the flocs grown are settled in the precipitation concentration zone (A), and the small flocs that pass through the turbulent flow generating member (16) are regrown by the turbulent flow. The blanket zone (F) was formed by the flocs grown on the top of the generating member (16), and the fine flocs that passed through the turbulent flow generating member (16) were captured, and could not be captured by this blanket zone (F). After the ultrafine floc is solid-liquid separated by the filter medium layer (5) of the floating filler (2), the treated water is extracted and the floc that rises with time above the turbulent flow generating member (16). blanket When the interface over emissions (F) is increased in the vicinity of the filter medium layer (5), the interface of the blanket zone (F) at the interface adjusting zone while supplying a stock solution interface detector provided in (E) (22, 23) The automatic valve (8) of the mud discharge pipe (7) linked with the detection signal is opened and closed, and the concentrated settling sludge accumulated in the settling zone is withdrawn during continuous operation, and the blanket zone (F) A coagulation-precipitation method, wherein solid-liquid separation is continuously performed while automatically adjusting the interface appropriately . 上記処理水の濁度が設定値を越えた時、原液の流入を停止して、ろ過槽(1)上部に形成したろ材層(5)の下方からろ過槽(1)外部に排水し、浮上充填材(2)で捕捉したフロックを水流と比重差により分離して、ブランケットゾーン(F)を破壊、消滅させることなく、分離したフロックをろ過槽(1)の外部に排出させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の凝集沈殿方法。  When the turbidity of the treated water exceeds the set value, the inflow of the stock solution is stopped, drained from the lower side of the filter medium layer (5) formed on the upper part of the filtration tank (1) to the outside of the filtration tank (1), and floated The flocs captured by the filler (2) are separated from the water flow and the specific gravity difference, and the separated flocs are discharged to the outside of the filtration tank (1) without destroying and extinguishing the blanket zone (F). The coagulation sedimentation method according to claim 1. 上記ろ材層(5)の下方からろ過槽(1)の外部に排出した後、適宜ろ材層(5)中に洗浄水を噴射して、浮上充填材(2)の洗浄排水をろ材層(5)の下方からろ過槽(1)の外部に排出することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の凝集沈殿方法。  After discharging from the lower side of the filter medium layer (5) to the outside of the filtration tank (1), washing water is appropriately sprayed into the filter medium layer (5), and the washing drainage of the floating filler (2) is passed through the filter medium layer (5 The coagulation sedimentation method according to claim 2, wherein the coagulation sedimentation method is discharged to the outside of the filtration tank (1) from below. ろ過槽(1)に浮上充填材(2)を収納してろ材層(5)を形成し、このろ材層(5)の下方から凝集フロックを含む原液を上向流で供給し、ろ過槽(1)の槽底に成長したフロックの沈殿濃縮ゾーン(A)と、ろ過槽(1)の頂部に処理水の回収ゾーン(B)を設けた固液分離装置において、上記ろ過槽(1)内の沈殿濃縮ゾーン(A)の上部に突設した原水流入管(12)を複数の噴射口(13)に分岐して上方に向って開口し、原水流入管(12)の上部にフロックを成長させる緩速攪拌ゾーン(C)を設け、この緩速攪拌ゾーン(C)の上方にフロックを再成長させる乱流発生部材(16)のブランケット促進ゾーン(D)を配設、乱流発生部材(16)の上方に界面調整ゾ―ン(E)を配設して、この界面調整ゾ―ン(E)に成長したフロックのブランケットゾーン(F)を形成させ、ろ材層(5)の下方近傍の界面調整ゾーン(E)に濃縮フロックの界面検出器(22、23)を設け、この界面検出器(22、23)と排泥排出管(7)の自動弁(8)を連動連結して、連続運転を行いながら沈殿濃縮汚泥を引抜いて、界面調整ゾーン(E)に形成したブランケットゾーン(F)の界面を適宜自動調整させると共に、界面調整ゾ―ン(E)の上部に浮上性の空隙率の大きな浮上充填材(2)を収納してろ材層(5)の接触分離ゾーン(G)を形成させたことを特徴とする凝集沈殿装置。A floating filler (2) is accommodated in the filtration tank (1) to form a filter medium layer (5), and a stock solution containing agglomerated floc is supplied in an upward flow from below the filter medium layer (5). 1) In the solid-liquid separation apparatus provided with a sediment concentration zone (A) of floc grown on the bottom of the tank and a treated water recovery zone (B) at the top of the filtration tank (1), the inside of the filtration tank (1) The raw water inflow pipe (12) protruding from the upper part of the sediment concentration zone (A) is branched into a plurality of injection ports (13) and opened upward, and a floc grows on the upper part of the raw water inflow pipe (12). the slow stirring zone (C) provided to, and disposed blanket promotion zone of the turbulent flow generating member regrowing flocs above the slow stirring zone (C) (16) (D ), the turbulence generating member (16) An interface adjustment zone (E) is arranged above the interface adjustment zone (E). Floc to form blanket zone (F) of the filter medium layer (5) of the interface detector concentrated floc downward near the interface adjustment zone (E) a (22, 23) is provided, the interface detector (22, 23 ) And the automatic valve (8) of the mud discharge pipe (7) are connected to each other, and the concentrated sludge is extracted while performing continuous operation, and the interface of the blanket zone (F) formed in the interface adjustment zone (E) Along with the automatic adjustment as appropriate, the floating filler (2) having a high floating rate was accommodated in the upper part of the interface adjustment zone (E) to form the contact separation zone (G) of the filter medium layer (5). A coagulation sedimentation apparatus characterized by that. 上記乱流発生部材(16)が、水より重い比重で空隙率の大きな小片接触材(17)を通孔を有する漏出防止板(18)に積層してあることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の凝集沈殿装置。  The turbulent flow generating member (16) is laminated on a leakage prevention plate (18) having a through hole with a small piece contact material (17) having a specific gravity heavier than water and a large porosity. The coagulation sedimentation apparatus as described. 上記乱流発生部材(16)が、多段に並設した傾斜板(19…)であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の凝集沈殿装置。  The coagulation sedimentation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the turbulent flow generating member (16) is an inclined plate (19 ...) arranged in multiple stages. 上記乱流発生部材(16)が、通孔を有する多孔板(20…)を所定の間隔を開けて複数段に並設したことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の凝集沈殿装置。  The coagulation sedimentation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the turbulent flow generating member (16) has a plurality of perforated plates (20 ...) having through holes arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals. 上記浮上充填材(2)が、凹凸のない短尺筒状ろ材であることを特徴とする請求項4乃至7の何れか1項に記載の凝集沈殿装置。The coagulation sedimentation apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 7 , wherein the floating filler (2) is a short cylindrical filter medium having no irregularities. 上記ろ材層(5)の下方に洗浄排水管(24)を配設し、水流と比重差により浮上充填材(2)からフロックを分離してろ過槽外に排出させることを特徴とする請求項4乃至8の何れか1項に記載の凝集沈殿装置。A washing drain pipe (24) is disposed below the filter medium layer (5), and the floc is separated from the floating filler (2) by a difference in water flow and specific gravity, and discharged outside the filtration tank. The coagulation sedimentation apparatus according to any one of 4 to 8 . 上記ろ材層(5)の上方に、ろ材層(5)に向って洗浄水流入管(25)を配設したことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の凝集沈殿装置。The coagulation sedimentation apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a washing water inflow pipe (25) is arranged above the filter medium layer (5) toward the filter medium layer (5).
JP2001271876A 2001-09-07 2001-09-07 Coagulation precipitation method and precipitation apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4135341B2 (en)

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