JPH0115525B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0115525B2 JPH0115525B2 JP59098565A JP9856584A JPH0115525B2 JP H0115525 B2 JPH0115525 B2 JP H0115525B2 JP 59098565 A JP59098565 A JP 59098565A JP 9856584 A JP9856584 A JP 9856584A JP H0115525 B2 JPH0115525 B2 JP H0115525B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carboxylic acid
- membrane
- layer
- ion exchange
- sulfonic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 91
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 54
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IDCBOTIENDVCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TEPP Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OP(=O)(OCC)OCC IDCBOTIENDVCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
- C08J5/2281—Heterogeneous membranes fluorine containing heterogeneous membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ãããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã«é¢ãã
æŽã«è©³ããèšãã°ãã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«
ãŒãã³éåäœèãäž»äœå±€ãšããç¹å®ã®è€å±€æ§é ã
æãããç¹ã«å¡©åãããªãŠã ã®é»è§£çšéèãšããŠ
äœæµæäžã€é«é»æµå¹çã§é«å質ã®ã«æ§ãœãŒããšå¡©
çŽ ã補é ããããã«äœ¿çšãåŸãæ°èŠãªè€å±€åãã
çŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã«é¢ããã å¡©åãããªãŠã ãé»è§£ããŠã«æ§ãœãŒããšå¡©çŽ ã
補é ããæ¹æ³ãšããŠãããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æè
ãéèãšããã€ãªã³äº€æèæ³ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®æ°Žéæ³ã
ã¢ã¹ãã¹ãéèæ³ã«æ¯ããŠãå ¬å®³é²æ¢åã³çãšã
ã«ã®ãŒã®èŠ³ç¹ããæå©ã§ããããŸãå¡©åãããªãŠ
ã å«éã®æ¥µããŠäœãé«å質ã«æ§ãœãŒãã補é ã§ã
ãããšãããè¿å¹Žæ³šç®ãããŠããããããã€ãªã³
亀æèæ³ã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³
亀æèãšããŠã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«æ¯ããŠãã«ã«
ãã³é žåèãé«æ¿åºŠã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ãé»æµå¹çã§
補é å¯èœãªããã«æå©ã§ãããšãããŠããããŸ
ããã«ã«ãã³é žåããçŽ æš¹èèãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã
ãçŽ æš¹èèãšãæ¯èŒããå ŽåãåŸè ã«æ¯ããŠåè
ã¯é»æ°æµæã倧ãããšããåé¡ç¹ãæãããšãã
ããšãææãããŠããã ãããŸã§ã«ãå¡©åãããªãŠã ã®é»è§£çšéèãšã
ãŠã®ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã«ã€ããŠãåèšå
é¡ç¹ã®è§£æ¶ãç®çãšããçš®ã ã®ææ¡ããªãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ãç¹éæ50â120492å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãã«ã«
ãã³é žåºåã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãå ±æããããŒãã«ãª
ãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãéœã€ãªã³äº€æèãšã
ãŠãã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãã
ãŒã®å ±éåã«ãããã®åã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žåããçŽ æš¹
èèã«ã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãå«æµžéåãããã®
ãèšèŒãããŠããããããã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºã®ç¹
é·ã«å ããŠé«ãé»æ°äŒå°æ§ããã€ã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®
å¯äžã«ãããé«ãé»æµå¹çãšé«ãé»æ°äŒå°åºŠãå Œ
åãããã®ã§ãããšãããŠããããŸããç¹éæ52
â36589å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªã
ã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒ
ãã³éåäœãšã®ãã¬ã³ãèåã³ã«ã«ãã³é žåèãš
ã¹ã«ãã³é žåèãšã®ç©å±€èãèšèŒãããŠãããã
ããã«ãããŠã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«ãããé«æ¿åºŠ
ã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ãé»æµå¹çã§è£œé ããã®ãå°é£ã§
ãããšããé£ç¹ããã«ã«ãã³é žåèã®ç©å±€ããã
ã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåéåäœã®ãã¬ã³ãã«ãã€ãŠè§£æ¶ã
åŸããã®ã§ãããšãããŠããã èããŠãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã®é»è§£æ§èœã®äžå åã
ãæ¹åããç®çã§ããããŸã§ã«çš®ã ã®ææ¡ãå€æ°
ãªãããŠãããäŸãã°ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãæããã
ãŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãèã®è¡šé¢ãã
éå åŠçåã³ïŒåã¯é žååŠçããããšã«ãããã¹
ã«ãã³é žåºãã«ã«ãã³é žåºã«ååŠå€æããããŠã¹
ã«ãã³é žåèã®è¡šé¢ã«ã«ã«ãã³é žåèå±€ã圢æã
ãæ¹æ³ïŒç¹éæ52â24175ãå52â24176ãå52â
24177ãå52â53814ãå53â132069ãå53â
132094å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«ã¹
ã«ãã³é žåºå«æããªããŒãšã«ã«ãã³é žåºå«æããª
ããŒãšã®ãã¬ã³ãèãç©å±€ããæ¹æ³ïŒç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4176215å·æ现æžãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4255240å·æ现æžã
ç¹éæ57â92026ãå56â99234å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãå
ç §ïŒãååŠå€ææ³ã«ããã¹ã«ãã³é žåºå±€ïŒã«ã«ã
ã³é žåºå±€ïŒã¹ã«ãã³é žåºããªã³é žåºãåã¯ã¹ã«ã
ã³ã¢ããåºå±€ã®äžå±€ä»¥äžã®èãšããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹å ¬æ
57â9589å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãå šäœã®åã¿ã®å°ãª
ããšã1/2ã®åã¿ãæããã¹ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãé žã¢ããåºã®åŠãåŒ±é žæ§å±€ãäºå±€
以äžç©å±€ããããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹éæ55â50470å·å ¬å ±
ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãåœéééã®ç°ãªãäºå±€ä»¥äžããæ§
æãããã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã¹ã«ã
ã³é žã¢ããåºã®åŠãåŒ±é žæ§å±€ãç©å±€ããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹
éæ55â58228å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãªã©ãäŸç€ºã
ãåŸãã 以äžã®ããã«ããããŸã§ã«å€æ°ææ¡ãããŠãã
è€å±€åããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é ž
åèã®é£ç¹ãæ¹è¯ãã¹ããã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœèãäž»äœå±€ãšãããã®ã倧éš
åã§ããã äžæ¹ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèãšã«ã«ãã³é žåèã®ç©å±€
æ§é ã«ä»£è¡šãããè€å±€åããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æ
èã«ãããŠã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žå±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žå±€ã®èš
最差ã倧ããããã®ããã«å±€éå¥é¢ã«ããæ¬ é¥çº
çã®é£ç¹ããããšããããããé£ç¹ã®è§£æ¶çãšã
ãŠåçš®æ段ãææ¡ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãç¹éæ57
â25332å·å ¬å ±ãäžèšã®ç¹éæ55â58228å·å ¬å ±ãª
ã©ã«ã¯ãäž¡å±€ã®åœéééã®å·®ãå°ããããæ¹æ³ã
èšèŒãããŠãããç¹éæ57â143332å·å ¬å ±ãå57
â141428å·ãå57â92025å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ã«ã¯ãã¹ã«
ãã³é žèå±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žèå±€ãšã®äžéå±€ãšããŠã¹
ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã®
å ±éåäœèãããã¯ã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãšã«ã«ãã³é žåº
ãšãæ··åšããå±€ãæ¡çšããŠç©å±€æ§é ãšããæ¹æ³ã
ææ¡ãããŠããã æŽã«ãç¹éæ57â78422å·åã³å57â80430å·å ¬
å ±ãªã©ã«ã¯ãé°æ¥µå®€åŽã«ã«ã«ãã³é žèå±€ãåããŠ
䜿çšããéãéœæ¥µå®€åŽã«èšæœ€ã®å·®ã®å°ããå±€ãç©
å±€ããè€å±€åèãšããããšãèšèŒãããŠãããå³
ã¡ãéœæ¥µå®€åŽã«åãèé¢ã®èšæœ€ãäžããããã«ã
ã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒã®
å ±éåäœèå±€ãããã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªã
ã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒ
ãã³éåäœãšã®ãã¬ã³ãèå±€ããã«ã«ãã³é žåè
ã®éœæ¥µå®€åŽã«åãé¢ã«ç©å±€ããŠããããããã®è€
å±€åèã¯ãäžèšç¹éæ57â92025å·ãå57â
141428å·ãå57â143332å·å ¬å ±ãããã«ã¯äžèšç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4176215å·ãå第4255240å·æ现æžåã³ç¹
éæ56â99234å·ãå57â92026å·ãªã©ãšåæ§ã«ã
ã¹ã«ãã³é žå±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žå±€ãšã®èšæœ€å·®ãäœæžã
ããããšããç¹ã§è»ãäžã«ããŠããã æ¬çºæè ã¯ãäžèšã®åŠãè€å±€åèã«ã€ããŠçš®ã
ã®ç 究ãæ€èšãéããçµæã次ã®åŠãäºå®ãèŠåº
ãã«è³ã€ããå³ã¡ã第äžã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒã
ã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœèã¯ããã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容é
ãç¹å®ç¯å²ããéžå®ããã°ãé»æ°æµæã®ç¹ã§ã¹ã«
ãã³é žåèã«å¹æµãåŸããã®ã§ãããåãé»æ°æµ
æã¬ãã«ã§æ¯èŒãããšããããã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã
ããæ©æ¢°ç匷床ã«åªããŠãããšå ±ã«ããããŸã§ã«
ãç¥ãããŠããããã«ãé«æ¿åºŠã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ã
é»æµå¹çã§è£œé å¯èœãªç¹ã§ãæå©ã§ããã第äº
ã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåèã¯ãèäžå«æ°Žéãã¹ã«ãã³é ž
åèã«æ¯ããŠå°ãããå³ã¡èšæœ€ãå°ãããã®ã§ã
ããããã«ããé»æµå¹çã®ç¹ã§æå©ã«ãªãã ãã§
ãªããéœæ¥µå®€ããã®å¡©åãããªãŠã ã®æŒæŽ©æå¶ã®
ç¹ã§ãåªããŠããã第äžã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåèã¯ã
èšæœ€ãå°ããããšãããè€å±€åèã®äž»äœå±€ãšã
ãŠãä»ã®å±€ãæ¯æãããã¯æ æããäžã§å©ç¹ãçº
æ®ãããå³ã¡ããããŸã§ã®ã¹ã«ãã³é žåèãäž»äœ
å±€ãšããè€å±€åèã§ã¯ãäž»äœå±€ã®å€§ããªèšæœ€ã«ã
ãããã®äžã«æ æããããå±€ã«å¶çŽãå€ãããã«
ã«ãã³é žåèãäž»äœå±€ãšããã°ããã®ãããªå¶çŽ
ã軜æžãããæ¯èŒçèªç±ã«çš®ã ã®å±€ãæ æã§ãã
ãã®ã§ãããããããŠãé žæ§é åã§ãã€ãªã³è§£é¢
ãåŸãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ããã«ã«ãã³é žåèäž»
äœå±€ã®éœæ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢åŽã«èèå±€ãšããŠå®¹æã«
圢æãããåŸããå¿è«ãé°æ¥µå®€ããã®OHã€ãªã³
ã®éæ¡æ£ã«ããé»æµå¹çäœäžãå åã«é²æ¢ããã
ãã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåèäž»äœå±€ã®é°æ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢
åŽã«ãã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã®å°ããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãšèèå±€ãšããŠåœ¢æããããã®ã容æã§ããã
第åã«ãè€å±€åèã«ãããŠã¯ãé°æ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢
åŽã«é«é»æµå¹çã®éæã«æå©ãªã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãããŸãéœæ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢åŽã«PHã«å¯Ÿããæè»
æ§ã®ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ããããããèèå±€
ãšããŠåœ¢æããããããšããé«å質ã®ã«æ§ãœãŒã
ãšå¡©çŽ ãé«é»æµå¹çã§è£œé ããããã«äœ¿çšããã
ãçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèãšããŠã極ããŠæå©ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯ãäžèšã®åŠãç¥èŠã«åºããŠå®æããã
ãã®ã§ãããã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšãäž
ã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã1.4ã2.0ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也
ç¥æš¹èã§ããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããª
ã50ã250ÎŒã®èãäž»äœå±€ãšãã該ã«ã«ãã³é žè
äž»äœå±€ã®äžæ¹ã®é¢åŽã«ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€
æåºãšãäžã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã0.5ã1.5ããªåœ
éïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã§ããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³
éåäœãããªãåãïŒã50ÎŒã®ã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ããäžèšã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã®ä»æ¹ã®é¢åŽã«ã
ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšãäžã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ
容éã0.5ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã§ãã
ããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãåãïŒã
50ÎŒã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€åã³ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãããããæå€å±€ãšãª
ãããã«ç©å±€äžäœåããå°ãªããšãäžå±€ãããªã
ããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèãã
æ°èŠã«æäŸãããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ°èŠæ§æã®è¢«å±€åèã¯ãç¹å®ã®ã«ã«ã
ã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã®æ¡çšã«ãããå¡©åãããªãŠã ã®é»
解çšéèãšããŠäœæµæäžã€é«é»æµå¹çã§é«å質ã®
ã«æ§ãœãŒããšå¡©çŽ ã補é ããããã«ã極ããŠæå©
ã«äœ¿çšãåŸããããããç¹å®ã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®æ¡çšã«ãããäžèšã«ã«
ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã®çµåããšçžä¿ã€ãŠãäžèšã®å¹
æãæŽã«æå©ã«éæããããã®ã§ãããæ¬çºæã®
è€å±€åèã¯ãé«æ¿åºŠã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ãé»æµå¹çã§
補é ããããã«æå©ã«äœ¿çšãããããŸããã«ã«ã
ã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãæ¡çšããŠããã«ãæãããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žåèãããã¯ã¹ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãããªãåŸ
æ¥ã®è€å±€èã«å¹æµãåŸãäœæµæã瀺ãããšããå©
ç¹ããããæŽã«ãæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³
é žåèã«æ¯ããŠéœæ¥µå®€ããã®å¡©åãããªãŠã ã®æŒ
掩ãè¯å¥œã«æå¶ãããã®çµæãé°æ¥µå®€ãã極ããŠ
äœNaCléã®ã«æ§ãœãŒããååŸããããšãã§ããã
ãããé«é»æµå¹çãäœæµæãäœNaCléãšããå¹
æã¯ãæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã«ãããé·æã«ããã€ãŠ
å®å®ã»ç¢ºå®ã«éæããããã®ã§ãããèä¹ æ§ã®ç¹
ã§ãæå©ã§ãããããã«ãŸããæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åè
ã¯ãéœæ¥µå®€ãäœPHã«ãªã€ãå Žåã«ããã¹ã«ãã³é ž
èè¡šé¢å±€ãéœæ¥µå®€åŽã«åããŠäœ¿çšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠãå®å®ã»ç¢ºå®ã«å¹æãçºæ®ãåŸããåŸã€ãŠãé°
極宀ãéæ¡æ£ããŠããOHã€ãªã³ã«èµ·å ããŠãéœ
極宀ã«å¯çããé žçŽ éãäœæžããããã«ãéœæ¥µå®€
ã«å¡©é žãªã©ãæ·»å ããå Žåãªã©ã«ãããŠããæå©
ã«äœ¿çšãåŸããã®ã§ãããäœé žçŽ æ¿åºŠã®å¡©çŽ ã®è£œ
é ã«ã€ããŠããæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯å¹æãçºæ®ã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãç¹å®ã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ã®æ¡çšã«ãããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åœ¢æã«æ¥µã
ãŠæå©ã«ãªããšå ±ã«ãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åœ¢æ
ã«ãå©ç¹ãçºæ®ãããã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«
ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšã®æ¥çæ§ã確å®ã«ããããã«ã
ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®å ±åèå±€ãä»ããŠ
ç©å±€äžäœåããã°ãæŽã«æãŸããçµæãåŸãã
ãã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»
äœå±€ã®æ¡çšãéèŠã§ãããã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªããã«ã«ãã³é žåºã®ã€
ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ã1.4ã2.0ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥
æš¹èã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯1.4ã1.9ããªåœéïŒã°ã©
ã 也ç¥æš¹èã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ãããããŸããã«ã«ã
ã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã®åãã¯50ã250ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯100
ã200ÎŒã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ããããäž»äœå±€ã«ããã
ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäœãã«å°ããå Žåã«ã¯ãäœæµæ
ã®éæã«äžå©ã§ããããŸãäœãã«å€§ããå Žåã«
ã¯ãèšæœ€ã倧ãããªã€ãŠãæ©æ¢°ç匷床é¢ã§äžå©ãš
ãªãã ãã§ãªããOHã€ãªã³ã®éæ¡æ£åã³å¡©åã
ããªãŠã ã®æŒæŽ©ã®é²æ¢ã®ç¹ã§äžå©ãšãªããäž»äœå±€
ã®åãã¯ãäœãã«å°ããå Žåã«ã¯ã匷床é¢åã³é
æ¡æ£ãæŒæŽ©ã®é²æ¢ã®ç¹ã§äžå©ãšãªããäœãã«å€§ã
ãå Žåã«ã¯ãäœæµæã®éæã«äžå©ãšãªããèã
ãŠãéåžžã¯ãäž»äœå±€ã®åãã¯å šèåã®1/2以äžãš
ããã®ãæãŸããã 次ã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã¯ãäžèšäž»äœå±€ãšå
æ§ã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒã
ã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡š
é¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ãäžèšäž»äœå±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€
æ容éãããå°ããç¯å²ããéžå®ãããéåžžã¯
0.5ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã奜ãŸããã¯
0.8ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èãéžå®ãã
ãããŸããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åãã¯ãäžèšäž»
äœå±€ã®åããããå°ããç¯å²ããéžå®ãããéåžž
ã¯ïŒã50ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯10ã40ÎŒãéžå®ãããã
ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäœãã«å°
ãããããåããäœã倧ãããããããå Žåã«
ã¯ãäœæµæã®éæã«äžå©ãšãªãããŸãã«ã«ãã³é ž
èè¡šé¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäž»äœå±€ã®ããããã
倧ãããããäœãã«å€§ããããå Žåããããã¯å
ããäœãã«ãå°ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãOHã€ãªã³ã®
éæ¡æ£é²æ¢å±€ãšããŠæ¡çšããæå³ãèããŠããŸ
ããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã«
ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšããäž¡è ã®äžéçãªã€ãªã³äº€
æ容éãæããã«ã«ãã³é žèäžéå±€ãä»ããŠç©å±€
ããŠãå¿è«è¯ãã èããŠãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€
ã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªããã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®ã€
ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ã0.5ã1.5ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥
æš¹èã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯0.8ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©
ã 也ç¥æš¹èã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ãããããŸããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åãã¯ãäžèšã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ã®åããããå°ããç¯å²ããéžå®ãããéåžžã¯ïŒ
ã50ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯10ã40ÎŒã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ãã
ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã¯PHã«å¯Ÿããæè»æ§ä»äž
ã«ããããã®åãã¯äœãã«å€§ããããå¿ èŠããª
ãããŸãäœãã«å°ãããããšç®çãšããå¹æãå
å°ã«ãªããšå ±ã«ããã®èª¿è£œã®é¢ãããäžå©ãšãª
ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäœã
ã«å°ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãäœæµæã®éæã«äžå©ãšãª
ããäœãã«å€§ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»
äœå±€ãšã®èšæœ€å·®ã倧ãããªãå±€éå¥é¢ã®é£ç¹ãç
ããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãäžèšã®ã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãããããæå€å±€ãšãªã
ããã«ãäžèšã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšç©å±€äžäœå
ãããŠãããå°ãªããšããããäžå±€ãããªã€ãŠã
ããèããŠãæ¬çºæã®å¥œé©ãªå®æœæ æ§ã§ã¯ãã«ã«
ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšã®æ¥çæ§
ã確å®ã«ããããã«ãããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éå
äœããæ§æããäžã€ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåº
ãå ±åããå ±åèå±€ãäžéã«ä»ããŠãã«ã«ãã³é ž
èäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšãç©å±€äžäœåã
ãã®ãæãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«ã
ã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšã®éã«ä»ããŠæ¡çšããå ±åèå±€ãš
ããŠã¯ããã®æ¡çšç®çããããŠã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãšã«
ã«ãã³é žåºãšãå ±åèå±€å šäœã«æ··åç¶æ ã§åæ£ã
ããŠããããšãéèŠã§ãããå³ã¡ãã«ã«ãã³é žå
ã¢ãããŒãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã®å ±éåã«ã
ããã®ãäŸç€ºãããããéåžžã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒ
ãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã®ãã¬ã³ããããªãã¹ã«ã
ã³é žåºãšã«ã«ãã³é žåºãšãæ··åç¶æ ã§å ±åããã
å³ã¡æ··åšããå ±åèå±€ã奜é©ã«æ¡çšãããããã¬
ã³ãå ±åèå±€ã®æ¡çšã®å Žåãæ··åæåéåäœãã
ãããšããŠãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãæ§æãããã®
ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãæ§æãããã®ãšãéžå®ã
ãã®ã䟿å©ã§ããããå¿è«ãä»ã®ãã®ãéžå®ããŠ
ãè¯ãã ä»åšå±€ãšããŠã®å ±åèå±€ã®åãã¯ããã®æ¡çšç®
çããããŠäœãã«å€§ããå¿ èŠã¯ãªããéåžžã«åã
ãå°ãããŠãè¯ããäŸãã°ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšãç©å±€ããéã«ãã¹ã«ã
ã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœåã¯ã«ã«ãã³
é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããã¯ããã
äž¡éåäœãç²æ«ç¶æ ã§ç©å±€é¢ã«èå±€ç¶ã«æ£åžãã
å ç±ãã¬ã¹ãªã©ã«ãã溶èåã³çžæº¶åããããæ··
åšå±€ãšããŠåœ¢æããããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã
ãæ段ã«ããã°ãç©å±€çé¢ã§æ£åžéåäœç²æ«ãäž»
äœå±€åã³ïŒåã¯è¡šé¢å±€ã«çžæº¶åããããããåã
ã®å°ããæ··åšå±€ã圢æãããæ¥çæ§ã®ç¢ºå®ããé«
ããç®çãéæããããå ±åèå±€ã®åãã¯ãéåžž
ïŒã50ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯10ã40ÎŒçšåºŠã®ç¯å²ããéž
å®ãããã奜é©ãªå®æœæ æ§ã§ã¯ããã¬ã³ãå ±åè
å±€ãæå®ã®åãã®ãã€ã«ã ãšããŠåœ¢æããããã
ãã€ã«ã ãä»åšãããŠã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«
ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšãç©å±€äžäœåããããæ段ãæ¡
çšãããããŸããå ±åèå±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ã
äœæµæã®éæã«å åã§ããäžã€æ¥çä»åšå±€ãšããŠ
ã®æ©æ¢°ç匷床ãæãããã®ã§ããã°ãç¹ã«éå®ã
ããããšãªããåºç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠéžå®ããåŸãã
éåžžã¯ãå ±åèå±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ãã«ã«ãã³
é žèäž»äœå±€ã®é»æ°æµæã«å°ãªããšãå¹æµãåŸãã
ãã«éžå®ãããã ãã¬ã³ãå ±åèå±€ãæ¡çšããå Žåãã«ã«ãã³é ž
åããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã
ãŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã®æ··åå²åã¯ãçš®ã
å€æŽå¯èœã§ããããéåžžã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåéåäœ
100éééšåœãã¹ã«ãã³é žåéåäœ25ã400éé
éšã奜ãŸããã¯50ã150éééšçšåºŠãæ¡çšããåŸ
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãäžèšåå±€ãæ§æããã«ã«ãã³
é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœåã³ã¹ã«ãã³é ž
åããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšããŠã¯ãäžèšã®
ç¹å®èŠä»¶ãæºè¶³ããéããåŸæ¥ããå ¬ç¥ä¹è³åšç¥
ã®ãã®ãªã©ç¹ã«éå®ãããããšãªãçš®ã æ¡çšãã
åŸãã奜é©ãªå®æœæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ã以äžã®(ã€)ïŒ(ã)
ã®æ§é ãããªãéåäœã®äœ¿çšã奜ãŸããã (ã€)ïŒâCF2âCFXïŒâïŒ
æŽã«è©³ããèšãã°ãã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«
ãŒãã³éåäœèãäž»äœå±€ãšããç¹å®ã®è€å±€æ§é ã
æãããç¹ã«å¡©åãããªãŠã ã®é»è§£çšéèãšããŠ
äœæµæäžã€é«é»æµå¹çã§é«å質ã®ã«æ§ãœãŒããšå¡©
çŽ ã補é ããããã«äœ¿çšãåŸãæ°èŠãªè€å±€åãã
çŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã«é¢ããã å¡©åãããªãŠã ãé»è§£ããŠã«æ§ãœãŒããšå¡©çŽ ã
補é ããæ¹æ³ãšããŠãããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æè
ãéèãšããã€ãªã³äº€æèæ³ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®æ°Žéæ³ã
ã¢ã¹ãã¹ãéèæ³ã«æ¯ããŠãå ¬å®³é²æ¢åã³çãšã
ã«ã®ãŒã®èŠ³ç¹ããæå©ã§ããããŸãå¡©åãããªãŠ
ã å«éã®æ¥µããŠäœãé«å質ã«æ§ãœãŒãã補é ã§ã
ãããšãããè¿å¹Žæ³šç®ãããŠããããããã€ãªã³
亀æèæ³ã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³
亀æèãšããŠã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«æ¯ããŠãã«ã«
ãã³é žåèãé«æ¿åºŠã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ãé»æµå¹çã§
補é å¯èœãªããã«æå©ã§ãããšãããŠããããŸ
ããã«ã«ãã³é žåããçŽ æš¹èèãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã
ãçŽ æš¹èèãšãæ¯èŒããå ŽåãåŸè ã«æ¯ããŠåè
ã¯é»æ°æµæã倧ãããšããåé¡ç¹ãæãããšãã
ããšãææãããŠããã ãããŸã§ã«ãå¡©åãããªãŠã ã®é»è§£çšéèãšã
ãŠã®ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã«ã€ããŠãåèšå
é¡ç¹ã®è§£æ¶ãç®çãšããçš®ã ã®ææ¡ããªãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ãç¹éæ50â120492å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãã«ã«
ãã³é žåºåã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãå ±æããããŒãã«ãª
ãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãéœã€ãªã³äº€æèãšã
ãŠãã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãã
ãŒã®å ±éåã«ãããã®åã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žåããçŽ æš¹
èèã«ã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãå«æµžéåãããã®
ãèšèŒãããŠããããããã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºã®ç¹
é·ã«å ããŠé«ãé»æ°äŒå°æ§ããã€ã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®
å¯äžã«ãããé«ãé»æµå¹çãšé«ãé»æ°äŒå°åºŠãå Œ
åãããã®ã§ãããšãããŠããããŸããç¹éæ52
â36589å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªã
ã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒ
ãã³éåäœãšã®ãã¬ã³ãèåã³ã«ã«ãã³é žåèãš
ã¹ã«ãã³é žåèãšã®ç©å±€èãèšèŒãããŠãããã
ããã«ãããŠã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«ãããé«æ¿åºŠ
ã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ãé»æµå¹çã§è£œé ããã®ãå°é£ã§
ãããšããé£ç¹ããã«ã«ãã³é žåèã®ç©å±€ããã
ã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåéåäœã®ãã¬ã³ãã«ãã€ãŠè§£æ¶ã
åŸããã®ã§ãããšãããŠããã èããŠãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã®é»è§£æ§èœã®äžå åã
ãæ¹åããç®çã§ããããŸã§ã«çš®ã ã®ææ¡ãå€æ°
ãªãããŠãããäŸãã°ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãæããã
ãŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãèã®è¡šé¢ãã
éå åŠçåã³ïŒåã¯é žååŠçããããšã«ãããã¹
ã«ãã³é žåºãã«ã«ãã³é žåºã«ååŠå€æããããŠã¹
ã«ãã³é žåèã®è¡šé¢ã«ã«ã«ãã³é žåèå±€ã圢æã
ãæ¹æ³ïŒç¹éæ52â24175ãå52â24176ãå52â
24177ãå52â53814ãå53â132069ãå53â
132094å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«ã¹
ã«ãã³é žåºå«æããªããŒãšã«ã«ãã³é žåºå«æããª
ããŒãšã®ãã¬ã³ãèãç©å±€ããæ¹æ³ïŒç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4176215å·æ现æžãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4255240å·æ现æžã
ç¹éæ57â92026ãå56â99234å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãå
ç §ïŒãååŠå€ææ³ã«ããã¹ã«ãã³é žåºå±€ïŒã«ã«ã
ã³é žåºå±€ïŒã¹ã«ãã³é žåºããªã³é žåºãåã¯ã¹ã«ã
ã³ã¢ããåºå±€ã®äžå±€ä»¥äžã®èãšããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹å ¬æ
57â9589å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãå šäœã®åã¿ã®å°ãª
ããšã1/2ã®åã¿ãæããã¹ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãé žã¢ããåºã®åŠãåŒ±é žæ§å±€ãäºå±€
以äžç©å±€ããããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹éæ55â50470å·å ¬å ±
ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãåœéééã®ç°ãªãäºå±€ä»¥äžããæ§
æãããã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã«ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã¹ã«ã
ã³é žã¢ããåºã®åŠãåŒ±é žæ§å±€ãç©å±€ããæ¹æ³ïŒç¹
éæ55â58228å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ãåç §ïŒãªã©ãäŸç€ºã
ãåŸãã 以äžã®ããã«ããããŸã§ã«å€æ°ææ¡ãããŠãã
è€å±€åããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é ž
åèã®é£ç¹ãæ¹è¯ãã¹ããã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœèãäž»äœå±€ãšãããã®ã倧éš
åã§ããã äžæ¹ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåèãšã«ã«ãã³é žåèã®ç©å±€
æ§é ã«ä»£è¡šãããè€å±€åããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æ
èã«ãããŠã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žå±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žå±€ã®èš
最差ã倧ããããã®ããã«å±€éå¥é¢ã«ããæ¬ é¥çº
çã®é£ç¹ããããšããããããé£ç¹ã®è§£æ¶çãšã
ãŠåçš®æ段ãææ¡ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãç¹éæ57
â25332å·å ¬å ±ãäžèšã®ç¹éæ55â58228å·å ¬å ±ãª
ã©ã«ã¯ãäž¡å±€ã®åœéééã®å·®ãå°ããããæ¹æ³ã
èšèŒãããŠãããç¹éæ57â143332å·å ¬å ±ãå57
â141428å·ãå57â92025å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ã«ã¯ãã¹ã«
ãã³é žèå±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žèå±€ãšã®äžéå±€ãšããŠã¹
ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã®
å ±éåäœèãããã¯ã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãšã«ã«ãã³é žåº
ãšãæ··åšããå±€ãæ¡çšããŠç©å±€æ§é ãšããæ¹æ³ã
ææ¡ãããŠããã æŽã«ãç¹éæ57â78422å·åã³å57â80430å·å ¬
å ±ãªã©ã«ã¯ãé°æ¥µå®€åŽã«ã«ã«ãã³é žèå±€ãåããŠ
䜿çšããéãéœæ¥µå®€åŽã«èšæœ€ã®å·®ã®å°ããå±€ãç©
å±€ããè€å±€åèãšããããšãèšèŒãããŠãããå³
ã¡ãéœæ¥µå®€åŽã«åãèé¢ã®èšæœ€ãäžããããã«ã
ã«ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒã®
å ±éåäœèå±€ãããã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªã
ã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒ
ãã³éåäœãšã®ãã¬ã³ãèå±€ããã«ã«ãã³é žåè
ã®éœæ¥µå®€åŽã«åãé¢ã«ç©å±€ããŠããããããã®è€
å±€åèã¯ãäžèšç¹éæ57â92025å·ãå57â
141428å·ãå57â143332å·å ¬å ±ãããã«ã¯äžèšç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4176215å·ãå第4255240å·æ现æžåã³ç¹
éæ56â99234å·ãå57â92026å·ãªã©ãšåæ§ã«ã
ã¹ã«ãã³é žå±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žå±€ãšã®èšæœ€å·®ãäœæžã
ããããšããç¹ã§è»ãäžã«ããŠããã æ¬çºæè ã¯ãäžèšã®åŠãè€å±€åèã«ã€ããŠçš®ã
ã®ç 究ãæ€èšãéããçµæã次ã®åŠãäºå®ãèŠåº
ãã«è³ã€ããå³ã¡ã第äžã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒã
ã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœèã¯ããã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容é
ãç¹å®ç¯å²ããéžå®ããã°ãé»æ°æµæã®ç¹ã§ã¹ã«
ãã³é žåèã«å¹æµãåŸããã®ã§ãããåãé»æ°æµ
æã¬ãã«ã§æ¯èŒãããšããããã¹ã«ãã³é žåèã
ããæ©æ¢°ç匷床ã«åªããŠãããšå ±ã«ããããŸã§ã«
ãç¥ãããŠããããã«ãé«æ¿åºŠã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ã
é»æµå¹çã§è£œé å¯èœãªç¹ã§ãæå©ã§ããã第äº
ã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåèã¯ãèäžå«æ°Žéãã¹ã«ãã³é ž
åèã«æ¯ããŠå°ãããå³ã¡èšæœ€ãå°ãããã®ã§ã
ããããã«ããé»æµå¹çã®ç¹ã§æå©ã«ãªãã ãã§
ãªããéœæ¥µå®€ããã®å¡©åãããªãŠã ã®æŒæŽ©æå¶ã®
ç¹ã§ãåªããŠããã第äžã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåèã¯ã
èšæœ€ãå°ããããšãããè€å±€åèã®äž»äœå±€ãšã
ãŠãä»ã®å±€ãæ¯æãããã¯æ æããäžã§å©ç¹ãçº
æ®ãããå³ã¡ããããŸã§ã®ã¹ã«ãã³é žåèãäž»äœ
å±€ãšããè€å±€åèã§ã¯ãäž»äœå±€ã®å€§ããªèšæœ€ã«ã
ãããã®äžã«æ æããããå±€ã«å¶çŽãå€ãããã«
ã«ãã³é žåèãäž»äœå±€ãšããã°ããã®ãããªå¶çŽ
ã軜æžãããæ¯èŒçèªç±ã«çš®ã ã®å±€ãæ æã§ãã
ãã®ã§ãããããããŠãé žæ§é åã§ãã€ãªã³è§£é¢
ãåŸãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ããã«ã«ãã³é žåèäž»
äœå±€ã®éœæ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢åŽã«èèå±€ãšããŠå®¹æã«
圢æãããåŸããå¿è«ãé°æ¥µå®€ããã®OHã€ãªã³
ã®éæ¡æ£ã«ããé»æµå¹çäœäžãå åã«é²æ¢ããã
ãã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåèäž»äœå±€ã®é°æ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢
åŽã«ãã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã®å°ããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãšèèå±€ãšããŠåœ¢æããããã®ã容æã§ããã
第åã«ãè€å±€åèã«ãããŠã¯ãé°æ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢
åŽã«é«é»æµå¹çã®éæã«æå©ãªã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãããŸãéœæ¥µå®€ã«åããé¢åŽã«PHã«å¯Ÿããæè»
æ§ã®ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ããããããèèå±€
ãšããŠåœ¢æããããããšããé«å質ã®ã«æ§ãœãŒã
ãšå¡©çŽ ãé«é»æµå¹çã§è£œé ããããã«äœ¿çšããã
ãçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèãšããŠã極ããŠæå©ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯ãäžèšã®åŠãç¥èŠã«åºããŠå®æããã
ãã®ã§ãããã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšãäž
ã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã1.4ã2.0ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也
ç¥æš¹èã§ããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããª
ã50ã250ÎŒã®èãäž»äœå±€ãšãã該ã«ã«ãã³é žè
äž»äœå±€ã®äžæ¹ã®é¢åŽã«ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€
æåºãšãäžã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã0.5ã1.5ããªåœ
éïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã§ããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³
éåäœãããªãåãïŒã50ÎŒã®ã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ããäžèšã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã®ä»æ¹ã®é¢åŽã«ã
ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšãäžã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ
容éã0.5ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã§ãã
ããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãåãïŒã
50ÎŒã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€åã³ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãããããæå€å±€ãšãª
ãããã«ç©å±€äžäœåããå°ãªããšãäžå±€ãããªã
ããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèãã
æ°èŠã«æäŸãããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ°èŠæ§æã®è¢«å±€åèã¯ãç¹å®ã®ã«ã«ã
ã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã®æ¡çšã«ãããå¡©åãããªãŠã ã®é»
解çšéèãšããŠäœæµæäžã€é«é»æµå¹çã§é«å質ã®
ã«æ§ãœãŒããšå¡©çŽ ã補é ããããã«ã極ããŠæå©
ã«äœ¿çšãåŸããããããç¹å®ã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®æ¡çšã«ãããäžèšã«ã«
ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã®çµåããšçžä¿ã€ãŠãäžèšã®å¹
æãæŽã«æå©ã«éæããããã®ã§ãããæ¬çºæã®
è€å±€åèã¯ãé«æ¿åºŠã«æ§ãœãŒããé«ãé»æµå¹çã§
補é ããããã«æå©ã«äœ¿çšãããããŸããã«ã«ã
ã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãæ¡çšããŠããã«ãæãããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žåèãããã¯ã¹ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãããªãåŸ
æ¥ã®è€å±€èã«å¹æµãåŸãäœæµæã瀺ãããšããå©
ç¹ããããæŽã«ãæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³
é žåèã«æ¯ããŠéœæ¥µå®€ããã®å¡©åãããªãŠã ã®æŒ
掩ãè¯å¥œã«æå¶ãããã®çµæãé°æ¥µå®€ãã極ããŠ
äœNaCléã®ã«æ§ãœãŒããååŸããããšãã§ããã
ãããé«é»æµå¹çãäœæµæãäœNaCléãšããå¹
æã¯ãæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã«ãããé·æã«ããã€ãŠ
å®å®ã»ç¢ºå®ã«éæããããã®ã§ãããèä¹ æ§ã®ç¹
ã§ãæå©ã§ãããããã«ãŸããæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åè
ã¯ãéœæ¥µå®€ãäœPHã«ãªã€ãå Žåã«ããã¹ã«ãã³é ž
èè¡šé¢å±€ãéœæ¥µå®€åŽã«åããŠäœ¿çšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠãå®å®ã»ç¢ºå®ã«å¹æãçºæ®ãåŸããåŸã€ãŠãé°
極宀ãéæ¡æ£ããŠããOHã€ãªã³ã«èµ·å ããŠãéœ
極宀ã«å¯çããé žçŽ éãäœæžããããã«ãéœæ¥µå®€
ã«å¡©é žãªã©ãæ·»å ããå Žåãªã©ã«ãããŠããæå©
ã«äœ¿çšãåŸããã®ã§ãããäœé žçŽ æ¿åºŠã®å¡©çŽ ã®è£œ
é ã«ã€ããŠããæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯å¹æãçºæ®ã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãç¹å®ã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ã®æ¡çšã«ãããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åœ¢æã«æ¥µã
ãŠæå©ã«ãªããšå ±ã«ãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åœ¢æ
ã«ãå©ç¹ãçºæ®ãããã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«
ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšã®æ¥çæ§ã確å®ã«ããããã«ã
ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®å ±åèå±€ãä»ããŠ
ç©å±€äžäœåããã°ãæŽã«æãŸããçµæãåŸãã
ãã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»
äœå±€ã®æ¡çšãéèŠã§ãããã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªããã«ã«ãã³é žåºã®ã€
ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ã1.4ã2.0ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥
æš¹èã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯1.4ã1.9ããªåœéïŒã°ã©
ã 也ç¥æš¹èã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ãããããŸããã«ã«ã
ã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã®åãã¯50ã250ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯100
ã200ÎŒã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ããããäž»äœå±€ã«ããã
ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäœãã«å°ããå Žåã«ã¯ãäœæµæ
ã®éæã«äžå©ã§ããããŸãäœãã«å€§ããå Žåã«
ã¯ãèšæœ€ã倧ãããªã€ãŠãæ©æ¢°ç匷床é¢ã§äžå©ãš
ãªãã ãã§ãªããOHã€ãªã³ã®éæ¡æ£åã³å¡©åã
ããªãŠã ã®æŒæŽ©ã®é²æ¢ã®ç¹ã§äžå©ãšãªããäž»äœå±€
ã®åãã¯ãäœãã«å°ããå Žåã«ã¯ã匷床é¢åã³é
æ¡æ£ãæŒæŽ©ã®é²æ¢ã®ç¹ã§äžå©ãšãªããäœãã«å€§ã
ãå Žåã«ã¯ãäœæµæã®éæã«äžå©ãšãªããèã
ãŠãéåžžã¯ãäž»äœå±€ã®åãã¯å šèåã®1/2以äžãš
ããã®ãæãŸããã 次ã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã¯ãäžèšäž»äœå±€ãšå
æ§ã«ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒã
ã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡š
é¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ãäžèšäž»äœå±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€
æ容éãããå°ããç¯å²ããéžå®ãããéåžžã¯
0.5ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã奜ãŸããã¯
0.8ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èãéžå®ãã
ãããŸããã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åãã¯ãäžèšäž»
äœå±€ã®åããããå°ããç¯å²ããéžå®ãããéåžž
ã¯ïŒã50ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯10ã40ÎŒãéžå®ãããã
ã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäœãã«å°
ãããããåããäœã倧ãããããããå Žåã«
ã¯ãäœæµæã®éæã«äžå©ãšãªãããŸãã«ã«ãã³é ž
èè¡šé¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäž»äœå±€ã®ããããã
倧ãããããäœãã«å€§ããããå Žåããããã¯å
ããäœãã«ãå°ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãOHã€ãªã³ã®
éæ¡æ£é²æ¢å±€ãšããŠæ¡çšããæå³ãèããŠããŸ
ããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã«
ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšããäž¡è ã®äžéçãªã€ãªã³äº€
æ容éãæããã«ã«ãã³é žèäžéå±€ãä»ããŠç©å±€
ããŠãå¿è«è¯ãã èããŠãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€
ã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªããã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®ã€
ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ã0.5ã1.5ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥
æš¹èã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯0.8ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©
ã 也ç¥æš¹èã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ãããããŸããã¹ã«ã
ã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®åãã¯ãäžèšã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ã®åããããå°ããç¯å²ããéžå®ãããéåžžã¯ïŒ
ã50ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯10ã40ÎŒã®ç¯å²ããéžå®ãã
ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã¯PHã«å¯Ÿããæè»æ§ä»äž
ã«ããããã®åãã¯äœãã«å€§ããããå¿ èŠããª
ãããŸãäœãã«å°ãããããšç®çãšããå¹æãå
å°ã«ãªããšå ±ã«ããã®èª¿è£œã®é¢ãããäžå©ãšãª
ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éãäœã
ã«å°ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãäœæµæã®éæã«äžå©ãšãª
ããäœãã«å€§ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»
äœå±€ãšã®èšæœ€å·®ã倧ãããªãå±€éå¥é¢ã®é£ç¹ãç
ããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãäžèšã®ã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãšã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãããããæå€å±€ãšãªã
ããã«ãäžèšã®ã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšç©å±€äžäœå
ãããŠãããå°ãªããšããããäžå±€ãããªã€ãŠã
ããèããŠãæ¬çºæã®å¥œé©ãªå®æœæ æ§ã§ã¯ãã«ã«
ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšã®æ¥çæ§
ã確å®ã«ããããã«ãããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éå
äœããæ§æããäžã€ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåº
ãå ±åããå ±åèå±€ãäžéã«ä»ããŠãã«ã«ãã³é ž
èäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšãç©å±€äžäœåã
ãã®ãæãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«ã
ã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšã®éã«ä»ããŠæ¡çšããå ±åèå±€ãš
ããŠã¯ããã®æ¡çšç®çããããŠã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãšã«
ã«ãã³é žåºãšãå ±åèå±€å šäœã«æ··åç¶æ ã§åæ£ã
ããŠããããšãéèŠã§ãããå³ã¡ãã«ã«ãã³é žå
ã¢ãããŒãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã¢ãããŒãšã®å ±éåã«ã
ããã®ãäŸç€ºãããããéåžžã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåããŒ
ãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåããŒãã«
ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã®ãã¬ã³ããããªãã¹ã«ã
ã³é žåºãšã«ã«ãã³é žåºãšãæ··åç¶æ ã§å ±åããã
å³ã¡æ··åšããå ±åèå±€ã奜é©ã«æ¡çšãããããã¬
ã³ãå ±åèå±€ã®æ¡çšã®å Žåãæ··åæåéåäœãã
ãããšããŠãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãæ§æãããã®
ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãæ§æãããã®ãšãéžå®ã
ãã®ã䟿å©ã§ããããå¿è«ãä»ã®ãã®ãéžå®ããŠ
ãè¯ãã ä»åšå±€ãšããŠã®å ±åèå±€ã®åãã¯ããã®æ¡çšç®
çããããŠäœãã«å€§ããå¿ èŠã¯ãªããéåžžã«åã
ãå°ãããŠãè¯ããäŸãã°ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€
ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšãç©å±€ããéã«ãã¹ã«ã
ã³é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœåã¯ã«ã«ãã³
é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããã¯ããã
äž¡éåäœãç²æ«ç¶æ ã§ç©å±€é¢ã«èå±€ç¶ã«æ£åžãã
å ç±ãã¬ã¹ãªã©ã«ãã溶èåã³çžæº¶åããããæ··
åšå±€ãšããŠåœ¢æããããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã
ãæ段ã«ããã°ãç©å±€çé¢ã§æ£åžéåäœç²æ«ãäž»
äœå±€åã³ïŒåã¯è¡šé¢å±€ã«çžæº¶åããããããåã
ã®å°ããæ··åšå±€ã圢æãããæ¥çæ§ã®ç¢ºå®ããé«
ããç®çãéæããããå ±åèå±€ã®åãã¯ãéåžž
ïŒã50ÎŒã奜ãŸããã¯10ã40ÎŒçšåºŠã®ç¯å²ããéž
å®ãããã奜é©ãªå®æœæ æ§ã§ã¯ããã¬ã³ãå ±åè
å±€ãæå®ã®åãã®ãã€ã«ã ãšããŠåœ¢æããããã
ãã€ã«ã ãä»åšãããŠã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«
ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãšãç©å±€äžäœåããããæ段ãæ¡
çšãããããŸããå ±åèå±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ã
äœæµæã®éæã«å åã§ããäžã€æ¥çä»åšå±€ãšããŠ
ã®æ©æ¢°ç匷床ãæãããã®ã§ããã°ãç¹ã«éå®ã
ããããšãªããåºç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠéžå®ããåŸãã
éåžžã¯ãå ±åèå±€ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯ãã«ã«ãã³
é žèäž»äœå±€ã®é»æ°æµæã«å°ãªããšãå¹æµãåŸãã
ãã«éžå®ãããã ãã¬ã³ãå ±åèå±€ãæ¡çšããå Žåãã«ã«ãã³é ž
åããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåã
ãŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã®æ··åå²åã¯ãçš®ã
å€æŽå¯èœã§ããããéåžžã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žåéåäœ
100éééšåœãã¹ã«ãã³é žåéåäœ25ã400éé
éšã奜ãŸããã¯50ã150éééšçšåºŠãæ¡çšããåŸ
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãäžèšåå±€ãæ§æããã«ã«ãã³
é žåããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœåã³ã¹ã«ãã³é ž
åããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšããŠã¯ãäžèšã®
ç¹å®èŠä»¶ãæºè¶³ããéããåŸæ¥ããå ¬ç¥ä¹è³åšç¥
ã®ãã®ãªã©ç¹ã«éå®ãããããšãªãçš®ã æ¡çšãã
åŸãã奜é©ãªå®æœæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ã以äžã®(ã€)ïŒ(ã)
ã®æ§é ãããªãéåäœã®äœ¿çšã奜ãŸããã (ã€)ïŒâCF2âCFXïŒâïŒ
ãåŒã
ããã§ãã¯ïŒŠåã¯âCF3ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒŠã§ã
ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ããéžã°ããã ïŒâCF2ïŒâxïŒâïŒâCF2ïŒâxïŒ
ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ããéžã°ããã ïŒâCF2ïŒâxïŒâïŒâCF2ïŒâxïŒ
ãåŒãâCF2âïŒâCF2ïŒâXïŒ
ãåŒã
ïŒïŒ¹ïŒïŒºã¯ããšãã«ïŒã10ã§ãããåã³
Rfã¯âåã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®ããŒãã«ãªãã¢ã«
ãã«åºããéžã°ããããŸããã¯âSO3MïŒâ
COOMåã¯å æ°Žå解ã«ãããããã®åºã«è»¢åã
ããâSO2FïŒâCNïŒâCOFåã¯âCOORã§ããã
ïŒã¯æ°ŽçŽ åã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºã瀺ãã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ããã®å šäœã®åã60ã350
ãã¯ãã³ã奜ãŸããã¯100ã300ãã¯ãã³ã®ãã®ã
æ¡çšãããå¿ èŠã«ããã奜ãŸããã¯ããªããã©ã
ã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ãªã©ãããªãåžã網ãªã©ã®ç¹åžã
äžç¹åžãåã¯éå±è£œã®ã¡ãã·ãŠãå€åäœãªã©ã§è£
匷ããããšãã§ããããŸããç¹éæ53â149881
å·ãå54â1283å·ãå54â107479å·ãå54â
157777å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããããªããã©ã
ã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ã®ãã€ããªã«åç¹ç¶ãããã¯ç¹é
æ56â79110å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããé žåå®
èœåºå«æã¢ãããŒãå°éå ±éåããŠå€æ§ããããª
ããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ã®ãã€ããªã«åç¹ç¶ãã
ã¬ã³ãããŠè£åŒ·ããŠãããããã®ä»äœååéäœã®
é åã«ããè£åŒ·ãæ¡çšããŠããããæŽã«ãæ¬çºæ
ã®è€å±€åèã¯ããã®è¡šé¢ãç²é¢åããããããã¯
éå±é žåç©ç²åãããªãå€å質èå±€ããã®è¡šé¢ã«
圢æããããšãªã©ãå¯èœã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãã
ãŠãäžèšã®åŠãåçš®è£åŒ·æ段ãæ¡çšããå Žåã«
ã¯ããããã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã«é©çšããã®ãæ
ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãåå±€ã補èããããããã¯
ãã¬ã³ãå ±åèå±€ã«ãããæ··åãè¡ã€ããããå Ž
åã«ã¯ãåŸæ¥ããå ¬ç¥ä¹è³åšç¥ã®çš®ã ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãŠ
è¡ãªããåŸããäŸãã°ãã€ãªã³äº€æåºå«æããŒã
ã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœã®æ°Žæ§ãã€ã¹ããŒãžãšã³ã
ææ©æº¶æ¶²ãææ©ãã€ã¹ããŒãžãšã³ãªã©ã䜿çšããŠ
æ··åã湿åŒã§è¡ãªã€ããããããææ©æº¶æ¶²ãææ©
ãã€ã¹ããŒãžãšã³ãªã©ãããã€ã¹ãæ³ãªã©ã§è£œè
ããããšãªã©ãå¯èœã§ãããå¿è«ããã©ã€ãã¬ã³
ãæ¹åŒã®æ¡çšãå ç±æº¶èæ圢ã«ãã補èããããš
ãã§ãããå ç±æº¶èæ圢ã«ããåå±€ã®è£œèã®é
ã«ãåæéåäœã¯ãã®æããã€ãªã³äº€æåºã®å解
ãæããªããããªé©å®ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æåºã®åœ¢æ ãäŸ
ãã°ã«ã«ãã³é žåºã®ãšãã¯é žåã¯ãšã¹ãã«åã§è¡
ãã®ã奜ãŸããããŸãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®ãšãã¯â
SO2Fåã§è¡ãã®ã奜ãŸãããããã«ã¯ãåæé
åäœãäºãå ç±æº¶èæ圢ããŠãã¬ããåãããã
ãæŒåºæ圢ããã¬ã¹æ圢ãªã©ã«ãã補èããããš
ãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãéåžžã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»
äœå±€ãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãåã³å¿ èŠã«å¿ãå ±åèåãã«ã«ãã³é žèäžé
å±€ãã倫ã å¥ã ã«æå®ã®ãã€ã«ã ç¶ã«è£œèããã
ããåå±€ãç©å±€äžäœåããããšã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ãã
åŸããåå±€ãç©å±€äžäœåããæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãå¹³æ¿
ãã¬ã¹ãããŒã«ãã¬ã¹çãæãããããç©å±€ãã¬
ã¹æž©åºŠã¯60ã280âãå§åã¯å¹³æ¿ãã¬ã¹ã§0.1ã
100KgïŒcm2ãããŒã«ãã¬ã¹ã§0.1ã100KgïŒcmã«ãŠ
è¡ãªãããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãåçš®ã®é»è§£ã«ãããŠåºç¯
å²ã«äœ¿çšããããããããéã«ã¯ããããã®åœ¢åŒ
ã®é»æ¥µã䜿çšããããäŸãã°ãå€åæ¿ã網åã¯ãš
ãã¹ãã³ãããã¡ã¿ã«ãªã©ã®ç©ºéæ§é»æ¥µã䜿çšã
ããã空éæ§é»æ¥µãšããŠã¯é·åŸ1.0ã10mmãçåŸ
0.5ã10mmãç·åŸ0.1ã1.3mmãéåç30ã90ïŒ ã®ãš
ãã¹ãã³ãããã¡ã¿ã«ãäŸç€ºãããããŸããè€æ°
ã®æ¿ç¶é»æ¥µã䜿çšããããšãã§ãããã空é床ã®
éãè€æ°æã®é»æ¥µã䜿çšããŠç©ºé床ã®å°ãããã®
ãèã«è¿ãåŽã«äœ¿çšããã®ã奜ãŸããã éœæ¥µæ質ãšããŠã¯ãéåžžçœéæéå±ããã®å°é»
æ§é žåç©åã¯ãã®å°é»æ§éå é žåç©çã䜿çšã
ããäžæ¹é°æ¥µãšããŠã¯çœéæéå±ããã®å°é»æ§é ž
åç©åã¯éæéå±çã䜿çšãããããªããçœéæ
éå±ãšããŠã¯çœéãããžãŠã ãã«ãããŠã ããã©
ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ãäŸç€ºããããŸãéæéå±ãš
ããŠã¯ãéãã³ãã«ããããã±ã«ãã©ããŒããã±
ã«ãå®å®åã©ããŒããã±ã«ãã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªãšããã³ã°ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹ïŒç¹å ¬æ54â19229å·å ¬
å ±ïŒãã©ããŒããã±ã«ã¡ããé°æ¥µïŒç¹éæ54â
112785å·å ¬å ±ïŒãããã³ããã±ã«ã¡ããé°æ¥µïŒç¹
éæ53â115676å·å ¬å ±çïŒãäŸç€ºãããã 空éæ§ã®é»æ¥µã䜿çšããå Žåã¯ã該é»æ¥µã¯äžèš
éœæ¥µåã¯é°æ¥µã圢æããç©è³ªããèªäœããããã
圢æããããšãã§ãããããããçœéæéå±åã¯
ãã®å°é»æ§é žåç©çã䜿çšãããšãã«ã¯éåžžãã¿
ã³ãã¿ã³ã¿ã«ãªã©ã®åŒéå±ã®ãšãã¹ãã³ãããã¡
ã¿ã«ã®è¡šé¢ã«ãããã®ç©è³ªã被èŠããããŠåœ¢æã
ãã®ã奜ãŸããã é»æ¥µãé 眮ããå Žåãé»æ¥µã¯æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åè
ã«æ¥è§ŠããŠé 眮ããŠãããŸãé©å®ã®ééããããŠ
é 眮ããŠããããé»æ¥µã¯ãããã€ãªã³äº€æèé¢ã«
匷åºã«æŒå§ããããããé»æ¥µã¯ã€ãªã³äº€æèé¢ã«
äŸãã°ïŒã2.0KgïŒcm2ã«ãŠå¥œãŸããã¯ç·©ãã«æŒæ¥
ãããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã䜿çšããé»è§£æ§œã¯ãå極å
ã§ãè€æ¥µåã§ãããããŸãé»è§£æ§œãæ§æããææ
ã¯ãäŸãã°å¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®é»è§£ã®å Žåã«ã¯
éœæ¥µå®€ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãå¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²åã³å¡©çŽ
ã«èæ§ããããã®ãäŸãã°åŒéå±ããã¿ã³ã䜿çš
ãããé°æ¥µå®€ã®å Žåã«ã¯æ°Žé žåã¢ã«ã«ãªåã³æ°ŽçŽ
ã«èæ§ãããéãã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹åã¯ããã±ã«ãªã©äœ¿
çšãããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã䜿çšããŠå¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶
液ã®é»è§£ãè¡ãªãããã»ã¹æ¡ä»¶ãšããŠã¯ãæ¢ç¥ã®
æ¡ä»¶ãæ¡çšã§ãããäŸãã°éœæ¥µå®€ã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯
2.5ã5.0èŠå®ïŒïŒ®ïŒã®å¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãäŸçµŠ
ããé°æ¥µå®€ã«ã¯æ°Žåã¯çšéæ°Žé žåã¢ã«ã«ãªãäŸçµŠ
ãã奜ãŸããã¯80âã120âãé»æµå¯åºŠ10ã
100AïŒïœm2ã§é»è§£ãããããããå Žåãå¡©åã¢
ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã®ã«ã«ã·ãŠã åã³ãã°ãã·ãŠã ãª
ã©ã®ééå±ã€ãªã³ã¯ãã€ãªã³äº€æèã®å£åãæã
ã®ã§ãå¯åçã«å°ããããããã®ã奜ãŸããããŸ
ããéœæ¥µã«ãããé žçŽ ã®çºçã極åé²æ¢ãããã
ã«å¡©é žãªã©ã®é žãå¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«æ·»å ãã
ããšãã§ããã 以äžã¯ãäž»ã«å¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®é»è§£ã®äŸã«
ã€ããŠæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã®äœ¿çšã説æãããã
æ°Žãããã²ã³é žïŒå¡©é žãèåæ°ŽçŽ é žïŒãçé žã¢ã«
ã«ãªã®é»è§£ã«å¯ŸããŠãåæ§ã«é©çšã§ããããšã¯ã
ã¡ããã§ããããŸããã€ãªã³äº€æèã䜿çšããæ
æ©ååç©ã®åçš®é»è§£åæåå¿ã§ã®éèãšããŠãé©
çšããåŸãã 次ã«ãæ¬çºæã®å®æœäŸã«ã€ããŠæŽã«å ·äœçã«èª¬
æããããããã説æã«ãã€ãŠæ¬çºæãäœãéå®
ããããã®ã§ãªãããšã¯å¿è«ã§ãããå°ãå®æœäŸ
äžã®éšã¯ãç¹ã«æ瀺ããªãéãéééšã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 0.2ã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œåå¿å®¹åšã«ããªã¯ããã
ãªãã«ãªããšã¿ã³22ïœã
Rfã¯âåã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®ããŒãã«ãªãã¢ã«
ãã«åºããéžã°ããããŸããã¯âSO3MïŒâ
COOMåã¯å æ°Žå解ã«ãããããã®åºã«è»¢åã
ããâSO2FïŒâCNïŒâCOFåã¯âCOORã§ããã
ïŒã¯æ°ŽçŽ åã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºã瀺ãã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ããã®å šäœã®åã60ã350
ãã¯ãã³ã奜ãŸããã¯100ã300ãã¯ãã³ã®ãã®ã
æ¡çšãããå¿ èŠã«ããã奜ãŸããã¯ããªããã©ã
ã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ãªã©ãããªãåžã網ãªã©ã®ç¹åžã
äžç¹åžãåã¯éå±è£œã®ã¡ãã·ãŠãå€åäœãªã©ã§è£
匷ããããšãã§ããããŸããç¹éæ53â149881
å·ãå54â1283å·ãå54â107479å·ãå54â
157777å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããããªããã©ã
ã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ã®ãã€ããªã«åç¹ç¶ãããã¯ç¹é
æ56â79110å·å ¬å ±ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããé žåå®
èœåºå«æã¢ãããŒãå°éå ±éåããŠå€æ§ããããª
ããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ã®ãã€ããªã«åç¹ç¶ãã
ã¬ã³ãããŠè£åŒ·ããŠãããããã®ä»äœååéäœã®
é åã«ããè£åŒ·ãæ¡çšããŠããããæŽã«ãæ¬çºæ
ã®è€å±€åèã¯ããã®è¡šé¢ãç²é¢åããããããã¯
éå±é žåç©ç²åãããªãå€å質èå±€ããã®è¡šé¢ã«
圢æããããšãªã©ãå¯èœã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãã
ãŠãäžèšã®åŠãåçš®è£åŒ·æ段ãæ¡çšããå Žåã«
ã¯ããããã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã«é©çšããã®ãæ
ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãåå±€ã補èããããããã¯
ãã¬ã³ãå ±åèå±€ã«ãããæ··åãè¡ã€ããããå Ž
åã«ã¯ãåŸæ¥ããå ¬ç¥ä¹è³åšç¥ã®çš®ã ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãŠ
è¡ãªããåŸããäŸãã°ãã€ãªã³äº€æåºå«æããŒã
ã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœã®æ°Žæ§ãã€ã¹ããŒãžãšã³ã
ææ©æº¶æ¶²ãææ©ãã€ã¹ããŒãžãšã³ãªã©ã䜿çšããŠ
æ··åã湿åŒã§è¡ãªã€ããããããææ©æº¶æ¶²ãææ©
ãã€ã¹ããŒãžãšã³ãªã©ãããã€ã¹ãæ³ãªã©ã§è£œè
ããããšãªã©ãå¯èœã§ãããå¿è«ããã©ã€ãã¬ã³
ãæ¹åŒã®æ¡çšãå ç±æº¶èæ圢ã«ãã補èããããš
ãã§ãããå ç±æº¶èæ圢ã«ããåå±€ã®è£œèã®é
ã«ãåæéåäœã¯ãã®æããã€ãªã³äº€æåºã®å解
ãæããªããããªé©å®ã®ã€ãªã³äº€æåºã®åœ¢æ ãäŸ
ãã°ã«ã«ãã³é žåºã®ãšãã¯é žåã¯ãšã¹ãã«åã§è¡
ãã®ã奜ãŸããããŸãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã®ãšãã¯â
SO2Fåã§è¡ãã®ã奜ãŸãããããã«ã¯ãåæé
åäœãäºãå ç±æº¶èæ圢ããŠãã¬ããåãããã
ãæŒåºæ圢ããã¬ã¹æ圢ãªã©ã«ãã補èããããš
ãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãéåžžã¯ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»
äœå±€ãã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãã«ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢
å±€ãåã³å¿ èŠã«å¿ãå ±åèåãã«ã«ãã³é žèäžé
å±€ãã倫ã å¥ã ã«æå®ã®ãã€ã«ã ç¶ã«è£œèããã
ããåå±€ãç©å±€äžäœåããããšã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ãã
åŸããåå±€ãç©å±€äžäœåããæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãå¹³æ¿
ãã¬ã¹ãããŒã«ãã¬ã¹çãæãããããç©å±€ãã¬
ã¹æž©åºŠã¯60ã280âãå§åã¯å¹³æ¿ãã¬ã¹ã§0.1ã
100KgïŒcm2ãããŒã«ãã¬ã¹ã§0.1ã100KgïŒcmã«ãŠ
è¡ãªãããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã¯ãåçš®ã®é»è§£ã«ãããŠåºç¯
å²ã«äœ¿çšããããããããéã«ã¯ããããã®åœ¢åŒ
ã®é»æ¥µã䜿çšããããäŸãã°ãå€åæ¿ã網åã¯ãš
ãã¹ãã³ãããã¡ã¿ã«ãªã©ã®ç©ºéæ§é»æ¥µã䜿çšã
ããã空éæ§é»æ¥µãšããŠã¯é·åŸ1.0ã10mmãçåŸ
0.5ã10mmãç·åŸ0.1ã1.3mmãéåç30ã90ïŒ ã®ãš
ãã¹ãã³ãããã¡ã¿ã«ãäŸç€ºãããããŸããè€æ°
ã®æ¿ç¶é»æ¥µã䜿çšããããšãã§ãããã空é床ã®
éãè€æ°æã®é»æ¥µã䜿çšããŠç©ºé床ã®å°ãããã®
ãèã«è¿ãåŽã«äœ¿çšããã®ã奜ãŸããã éœæ¥µæ質ãšããŠã¯ãéåžžçœéæéå±ããã®å°é»
æ§é žåç©åã¯ãã®å°é»æ§éå é žåç©çã䜿çšã
ããäžæ¹é°æ¥µãšããŠã¯çœéæéå±ããã®å°é»æ§é ž
åç©åã¯éæéå±çã䜿çšãããããªããçœéæ
éå±ãšããŠã¯çœéãããžãŠã ãã«ãããŠã ããã©
ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ãäŸç€ºããããŸãéæéå±ãš
ããŠã¯ãéãã³ãã«ããããã±ã«ãã©ããŒããã±
ã«ãå®å®åã©ããŒããã±ã«ãã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªãšããã³ã°ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹ïŒç¹å ¬æ54â19229å·å ¬
å ±ïŒãã©ããŒããã±ã«ã¡ããé°æ¥µïŒç¹éæ54â
112785å·å ¬å ±ïŒãããã³ããã±ã«ã¡ããé°æ¥µïŒç¹
éæ53â115676å·å ¬å ±çïŒãäŸç€ºãããã 空éæ§ã®é»æ¥µã䜿çšããå Žåã¯ã該é»æ¥µã¯äžèš
éœæ¥µåã¯é°æ¥µã圢æããç©è³ªããèªäœããããã
圢æããããšãã§ãããããããçœéæéå±åã¯
ãã®å°é»æ§é žåç©çã䜿çšãããšãã«ã¯éåžžãã¿
ã³ãã¿ã³ã¿ã«ãªã©ã®åŒéå±ã®ãšãã¹ãã³ãããã¡
ã¿ã«ã®è¡šé¢ã«ãããã®ç©è³ªã被èŠããããŠåœ¢æã
ãã®ã奜ãŸããã é»æ¥µãé 眮ããå Žåãé»æ¥µã¯æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åè
ã«æ¥è§ŠããŠé 眮ããŠãããŸãé©å®ã®ééããããŠ
é 眮ããŠããããé»æ¥µã¯ãããã€ãªã³äº€æèé¢ã«
匷åºã«æŒå§ããããããé»æ¥µã¯ã€ãªã³äº€æèé¢ã«
äŸãã°ïŒã2.0KgïŒcm2ã«ãŠå¥œãŸããã¯ç·©ãã«æŒæ¥
ãããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã䜿çšããé»è§£æ§œã¯ãå極å
ã§ãè€æ¥µåã§ãããããŸãé»è§£æ§œãæ§æããææ
ã¯ãäŸãã°å¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®é»è§£ã®å Žåã«ã¯
éœæ¥µå®€ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãå¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²åã³å¡©çŽ
ã«èæ§ããããã®ãäŸãã°åŒéå±ããã¿ã³ã䜿çš
ãããé°æ¥µå®€ã®å Žåã«ã¯æ°Žé žåã¢ã«ã«ãªåã³æ°ŽçŽ
ã«èæ§ãããéãã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹åã¯ããã±ã«ãªã©äœ¿
çšãããã æ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã䜿çšããŠå¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶
液ã®é»è§£ãè¡ãªãããã»ã¹æ¡ä»¶ãšããŠã¯ãæ¢ç¥ã®
æ¡ä»¶ãæ¡çšã§ãããäŸãã°éœæ¥µå®€ã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯
2.5ã5.0èŠå®ïŒïŒ®ïŒã®å¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãäŸçµŠ
ããé°æ¥µå®€ã«ã¯æ°Žåã¯çšéæ°Žé žåã¢ã«ã«ãªãäŸçµŠ
ãã奜ãŸããã¯80âã120âãé»æµå¯åºŠ10ã
100AïŒïœm2ã§é»è§£ãããããããå Žåãå¡©åã¢
ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã®ã«ã«ã·ãŠã åã³ãã°ãã·ãŠã ãª
ã©ã®ééå±ã€ãªã³ã¯ãã€ãªã³äº€æèã®å£åãæã
ã®ã§ãå¯åçã«å°ããããããã®ã奜ãŸããããŸ
ããéœæ¥µã«ãããé žçŽ ã®çºçã極åé²æ¢ãããã
ã«å¡©é žãªã©ã®é žãå¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«æ·»å ãã
ããšãã§ããã 以äžã¯ãäž»ã«å¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®é»è§£ã®äŸã«
ã€ããŠæ¬çºæã®è€å±€åèã®äœ¿çšã説æãããã
æ°Žãããã²ã³é žïŒå¡©é žãèåæ°ŽçŽ é žïŒãçé žã¢ã«
ã«ãªã®é»è§£ã«å¯ŸããŠãåæ§ã«é©çšã§ããããšã¯ã
ã¡ããã§ããããŸããã€ãªã³äº€æèã䜿çšããæ
æ©ååç©ã®åçš®é»è§£åæåå¿ã§ã®éèãšããŠãé©
çšããåŸãã 次ã«ãæ¬çºæã®å®æœäŸã«ã€ããŠæŽã«å ·äœçã«èª¬
æããããããã説æã«ãã€ãŠæ¬çºæãäœãéå®
ããããã®ã§ãªãããšã¯å¿è«ã§ãããå°ãå®æœäŸ
äžã®éšã¯ãç¹ã«æ瀺ããªãéãéééšã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 0.2ã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œåå¿å®¹åšã«ããªã¯ããã
ãªãã«ãªããšã¿ã³22ïœã
ãåŒã78ïœåã³
ã¢ãŸãã¹ã€ãœããããããªã«0.1ïœãä»èŸŒã¿æ¶²äœ
çªçŽ ã§å åè±æ°ããåŸ70âã«ææž©ãããã©ãã«ãª
ããšãã¬ã³ã12.3KgïŒcm2è¿ä»èŸŒã¿åå¿ãã¹ã¿ãŒã
ããããåå¿äžã¯ããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ãå°å ¥
ãã€ã€äžå®å§åã«ä¿æãããïŒæéåŸã«14.5ïœã®
å ±éåäœãåŸãŠã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯1.1meqïŒïœã§
ãã€ããè©²å ±éåäœããšããã 次ãã§0.2ã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œåå¿å®¹åšã«ã€ãªã³
亀ææ°Ž100ïœãC8F17COONH4ã0.2ïœã
Na2HPO4ã»12H2Oã0.50ïœãNaH2PO4ã»2H2O
ã0.29ïœãïŒNH4ïŒ2S2O8ã0.079ïœãNaHSO4ã
0.04ïœãCF2ïŒCFOïŒCF2ïŒ3COOCH3ã30ïœä»èŸŒã
ã ã液äœçªçŽ ã§å åè±æ°ãè¡ãªã€ãåŸã40âã«æ
æž©ãããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ã5.1KgïŒcm2è¿å°å ¥
ããåå¿ãè¡ãªãããããåå¿äžã«ããã©ãã«ãª
ããšãã¬ã³ãå°å ¥ãã€ã€äžå®å§åã«ä¿æããã
7.5æéåŸã«åå¿ãçµäºãããåŸãããã©ããã¯
ã¹ãåéãããæ°ŽæŽåŸã¡ã¿ããŒã«äžã§65âã16æ
éåŠçã23.4ïœã®å ±éåäœãåŸããã€ãªã³äº€æ容
éã¯1.80meqïŒïœã§ãã€ããè©²å ±éåäœããšã
ãã次ã«0.2ã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œåå¿å®¹åšã«ã€ãªã³
亀ææ°Ž100ïœãC8F17COONH40.2ïœã
NaH2PO4ã»2H2Oã0.49ïœãïŒNH4ïŒ2S2O8ã0.052
ïœãïœâãããµã³ã0.03ïœãCF2ïŒCFO
ïŒCF2ïŒ3COOCH320ïœãä»èŸŒã¿57âã§ããã©ãã«
ãªããšãã¬ã³ã®éåå§å13.5KgïŒcm2ã§åå¿ãã20
ïœã®å ±éåäœãåŸããã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯
1.17meqïŒïœã§ãã€ããè©²å ±éåäœããšããã å ±éåäœïŒ¡ã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèãåã30ÎŒã®
ãã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšããã次ãã§
å ±éåäœïŒ¢ã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèãåã160ÎŒã®ã
ã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšããã次ã«ãå ±
éåäœïŒ¡ãšå ±éåäœïŒ¢ãïŒïŒïŒã«ãã¬ã³ãããåŸ
130âã§ããŒã«æ··ç·Žãã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèã15ÎŒ
ã®ãã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšãããæŽã«
å ±éåäœïŒ£ã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèãåã30ÎŒã®ã
ã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšããã 次ãã§åãã€ã«ã ãïŒïŒŠïŒïŒ¥ïŒïŒ§ã®é ã«éã
åããç±ããŒã«ãçšã200âã§ç©å±€ããã該èã
25ïŒ ã«æ§ãœãŒã氎溶液ã§65âã16æéå æ°Žå解ã
è¡ãªããããªãŠã åã®ã€ãªã³äº€æèãšããã ããããŠåŸãããèã®ïŒ€å±€ã®åŽã«ããã¿ã³ã®ã
ã³ããã¡ã¿ã«ïŒçåŸïŒmmãé·åŸïŒmmïŒã«é žåã«ã
ããŠã ãšãé žåã€ãªãžãŠã ãšé žåãã¿ã³ã®åºæº¶äœ
ã被èŠããäœãå¡©çŽ éé»å§ãæããéœæ¥µãããŸã
局åŽã«ã¯SUS304補ãã³ããã¡ã¿ã«ïŒçåŸïŒ
mmãé·åŸïŒmmïŒã«ã«ãããŠã å ¥ãã©ããŒããã±ã«
ïŒã«ãããŠã ïŒïŒ ãããã±ã«50ïŒ ãã¢ã«ãããŠã
45ïŒ ïŒãé»çããŠãäœãæ°ŽçŽ éé»å§ãæãããã
ã«ããé°æ¥µãå å§æ¥è§Šãããéœæ¥µå®€ã«ïŒèŠå®ã®å¡©
åãããªãŠã 氎溶液ããé°æ¥µå®€ã«æ°ŽãäŸçµŠãã€ã€
éœæ¥µå®€ã®å¡©åãããªãŠã æ¿åºŠã3.5èŠå®ã«ããŸã
é°æ¥µå®€ã®èæ§ãœãŒãæ¿åºŠã35ééïŒ ã«ä¿ã¡ã€ã€ã
90âã30AïŒïœm2ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§é»è§£ãè¡ãªã€ãã ãã®çµæãé»æµå¹çã¯96.5ïŒ ã§ããé»å§ã¯
3.14Vã§ãã€ããçæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«
éã¯27ppmã§ãã€ãã10æ¥éé»è§£äœ¿çšãèã芳å¯
ãããç°åžžã¯èªããããªãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšåæ§ã«ããŠãïŒïŒŠïŒ
ïŒïŒ§ã®é ã«ãã€ã«ã ãéãåãç±ããŒã«ãçšã
ãŠ200âã§ç©å±€ãããäžæ¹ãç²åŸ5ÎŒã®é žåãžã«ã³
ããŠã ç²æ«10éšãã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ïŒïŒïŒ 氎溶液
ã®ç²åºŠ1500ã»ã³ããã€ãºïŒ0.4éšãæ°Ž19éšãã·ã¯
ããããµããŒã«ïŒéšããã³ã·ã¯ããããµãã³ïŒéš
ãå«ãæ··åç©ãæ··ç·ŽããŠããŒã¹ããåŸãã該ããŒ
ã¹ããã¡ãã·ãŠæ°200ãåã75ÎŒã®ãããã³è£œã¹
ã¯ãªãŒã³ããã®äžã«åã30ÎŒã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãã¹ã¯
ãæœããå°å·æ¿åã³ããªãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã¹ããŒãžãçšã
ãŠãåèšç©å±€ããŠäœæããã€ãªã³äº€æèã®ïŒ€å±€åŽ
ã®é¢ã«ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³å°å·ãããèé¢ã«åŸãããä»ç
å±€ã空æ°äžã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããã äžæ¹ãããããŠåŸãããå€å質局ãæããèã®
ä»æ¹ã®é¢ã«åæ§ã«ããŠãå¹³åç²åŸ0.3ÎŒã®Î²âçå
ã±ã€çŽ ç²åãä»çãããããããåŸã枩床140âã
å§å30KgïŒcm2ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§åèé¢ã®ç²åå±€ãã€ãªã³äº€
æèé¢ã«å§çããããšã«ãããèã®éœæ¥µåŽé¢åã³
é°æ¥µåŽé¢ã«ã¯ãé žåãžã«ã³ããŠã ç²ååã³çåã±
ã€çŽ ç²åããããããèé¢ïŒcm2åœããããã1.0
mgã0.7mgä»çããã€ãªã³äº€æèãäœæããã該
ã€ãªã³äº€æèããå®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšåæ§ã®æ¡
件ã§å æ°Žå解ããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãªãã以äžã®çµæã
åŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 2.90 96.0 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯25ppmã§ã
ã€ãã 30æ¥éé»è§£äœ¿çšããèã芳å¯ãããèã«ç°åžžã¯
èªããããªãã€ãã éæœäŸ ïŒ ãã¿ã³ã®ãã³ããã¡ã¿ã«ïŒçåŸïŒmmãé·åŸïŒ
mmïŒã®çé¢ã«ã0.5mmå·Ÿã®ãããã§æºãäœã€ãåº
æ¿ã«ãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ãªææ³ã§åŠçããæºä»ãã®
éœæ¥µãåŸãã該éœæ¥µã®æºä»åŽããå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§
ãªæ¹æ³ã§åŸãã€ãªã³äº€æèã®é žåãžã«ã³ããŠã å€
å質局åŽã«å å§æ¥è§Šãããããã«ãïŒèŠå®ã®å¡©å
ãããªãŠã ã«å¡©é žãæ·»å ãã€ã€æ·¡å¡©æ°ŽPHã1.5ã«
ä¿ã¡ã€ã€é»è§£ãè¡ãªã€ãã»ãã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§
ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§é»è§£ãè¡ãªã€ãã ãã®çµæãé»æµå¹çã¯96.0ïŒ ã§ãããé»å§ã¯
2.90Vã§ãããéœæ¥µã«ãŠåŸãããå¡©çŽ ã¬ã¹äžã®é ž
çŽ æ¿åºŠã¯0.3ïŒ ã§ãã€ããçæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äž
ã®é£å¡©å«éã¯22ppmã§ãã€ãã180æ¥éé»è§£äœ¿çš
ããèã芳å¯ãããèã«ç°åžžã¯èªããããªãã€
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠãå ±éåäœïŒ¢ã®ä»£ãã«ãåæ§
ãªéåæ¡ä»¶ããåŸãããã€ãªã³äº€æ容é
1.65meqïŒïœã®å ±éåäœïŒšãäœæããŠåŸãåã
140ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ãçšããããã«ãã®ä»£ãã«ã
å ±éåäœïŒšããã³ïŒ¡ãïŒïŒïŒã«ãã¬ã³ãããã®ã¡
補èããŠåŸãåã15ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ãçšãã以å€
ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§è£œèããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãª
ã以äžã®çµæãåŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 3.14 96.8 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯21ppmã§ã
ã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠå ±éåäœïŒ¡ã®ä»£ãã«åæ§ãªé
åæ¡ä»¶ããåŸãããã€ãªã³äº€æ容é0.9meqïŒïœ
ã®å ±éåäœïŒ«ãäœæããŠåŸãåã20ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã
ãçšããããã«ãã®ä»£ãã«å ±éåäœïŒ«ããã³
ãïŒïŒïŒã«ãã¬ã³ãããã®ã¡è£œèããŠåŸãåã
10ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ïŒãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãšå
æ§ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§è£œèããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãªãã以äžã®çµæ
ãåŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 3.15 96.8 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯27ppmã§ã
ã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠãåã160ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ã®
代ãã«åçµæã®åã140ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã Eâ²ãçšãã
ããã«åã30ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ã®ä»£ãã«åçµæã®å
ã20ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã Gâ²ãçšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšå
æ§ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§è£œèããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãªã以äžã®çµæã
åŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 3.11 96.5 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯36ppmã§ã
ã€ãã
çªçŽ ã§å åè±æ°ããåŸ70âã«ææž©ãããã©ãã«ãª
ããšãã¬ã³ã12.3KgïŒcm2è¿ä»èŸŒã¿åå¿ãã¹ã¿ãŒã
ããããåå¿äžã¯ããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ãå°å ¥
ãã€ã€äžå®å§åã«ä¿æãããïŒæéåŸã«14.5ïœã®
å ±éåäœãåŸãŠã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯1.1meqïŒïœã§
ãã€ããè©²å ±éåäœããšããã 次ãã§0.2ã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œåå¿å®¹åšã«ã€ãªã³
亀ææ°Ž100ïœãC8F17COONH4ã0.2ïœã
Na2HPO4ã»12H2Oã0.50ïœãNaH2PO4ã»2H2O
ã0.29ïœãïŒNH4ïŒ2S2O8ã0.079ïœãNaHSO4ã
0.04ïœãCF2ïŒCFOïŒCF2ïŒ3COOCH3ã30ïœä»èŸŒã
ã ã液äœçªçŽ ã§å åè±æ°ãè¡ãªã€ãåŸã40âã«æ
æž©ãããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ã5.1KgïŒcm2è¿å°å ¥
ããåå¿ãè¡ãªãããããåå¿äžã«ããã©ãã«ãª
ããšãã¬ã³ãå°å ¥ãã€ã€äžå®å§åã«ä¿æããã
7.5æéåŸã«åå¿ãçµäºãããåŸãããã©ããã¯
ã¹ãåéãããæ°ŽæŽåŸã¡ã¿ããŒã«äžã§65âã16æ
éåŠçã23.4ïœã®å ±éåäœãåŸããã€ãªã³äº€æ容
éã¯1.80meqïŒïœã§ãã€ããè©²å ±éåäœããšã
ãã次ã«0.2ã®ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹è£œåå¿å®¹åšã«ã€ãªã³
亀ææ°Ž100ïœãC8F17COONH40.2ïœã
NaH2PO4ã»2H2Oã0.49ïœãïŒNH4ïŒ2S2O8ã0.052
ïœãïœâãããµã³ã0.03ïœãCF2ïŒCFO
ïŒCF2ïŒ3COOCH320ïœãä»èŸŒã¿57âã§ããã©ãã«
ãªããšãã¬ã³ã®éåå§å13.5KgïŒcm2ã§åå¿ãã20
ïœã®å ±éåäœãåŸããã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã¯
1.17meqïŒïœã§ãã€ããè©²å ±éåäœããšããã å ±éåäœïŒ¡ã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèãåã30ÎŒã®
ãã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšããã次ãã§
å ±éåäœïŒ¢ã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèãåã160ÎŒã®ã
ã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšããã次ã«ãå ±
éåäœïŒ¡ãšå ±éåäœïŒ¢ãïŒïŒïŒã«ãã¬ã³ãããåŸ
130âã§ããŒã«æ··ç·Žãã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèã15ÎŒ
ã®ãã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšãããæŽã«
å ±éåäœïŒ£ã230âã§ãã¬ã¹è£œèãåã30ÎŒã®ã
ã€ã«ã ãšããã該ãã€ã«ã ããšããã 次ãã§åãã€ã«ã ãïŒïŒŠïŒïŒ¥ïŒïŒ§ã®é ã«éã
åããç±ããŒã«ãçšã200âã§ç©å±€ããã該èã
25ïŒ ã«æ§ãœãŒã氎溶液ã§65âã16æéå æ°Žå解ã
è¡ãªããããªãŠã åã®ã€ãªã³äº€æèãšããã ããããŠåŸãããèã®ïŒ€å±€ã®åŽã«ããã¿ã³ã®ã
ã³ããã¡ã¿ã«ïŒçåŸïŒmmãé·åŸïŒmmïŒã«é žåã«ã
ããŠã ãšãé žåã€ãªãžãŠã ãšé žåãã¿ã³ã®åºæº¶äœ
ã被èŠããäœãå¡©çŽ éé»å§ãæããéœæ¥µãããŸã
局åŽã«ã¯SUS304補ãã³ããã¡ã¿ã«ïŒçåŸïŒ
mmãé·åŸïŒmmïŒã«ã«ãããŠã å ¥ãã©ããŒããã±ã«
ïŒã«ãããŠã ïŒïŒ ãããã±ã«50ïŒ ãã¢ã«ãããŠã
45ïŒ ïŒãé»çããŠãäœãæ°ŽçŽ éé»å§ãæãããã
ã«ããé°æ¥µãå å§æ¥è§Šãããéœæ¥µå®€ã«ïŒèŠå®ã®å¡©
åãããªãŠã 氎溶液ããé°æ¥µå®€ã«æ°ŽãäŸçµŠãã€ã€
éœæ¥µå®€ã®å¡©åãããªãŠã æ¿åºŠã3.5èŠå®ã«ããŸã
é°æ¥µå®€ã®èæ§ãœãŒãæ¿åºŠã35ééïŒ ã«ä¿ã¡ã€ã€ã
90âã30AïŒïœm2ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§é»è§£ãè¡ãªã€ãã ãã®çµæãé»æµå¹çã¯96.5ïŒ ã§ããé»å§ã¯
3.14Vã§ãã€ããçæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«
éã¯27ppmã§ãã€ãã10æ¥éé»è§£äœ¿çšãèã芳å¯
ãããç°åžžã¯èªããããªãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšåæ§ã«ããŠãïŒïŒŠïŒ
ïŒïŒ§ã®é ã«ãã€ã«ã ãéãåãç±ããŒã«ãçšã
ãŠ200âã§ç©å±€ãããäžæ¹ãç²åŸ5ÎŒã®é žåãžã«ã³
ããŠã ç²æ«10éšãã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ïŒïŒïŒ 氎溶液
ã®ç²åºŠ1500ã»ã³ããã€ãºïŒ0.4éšãæ°Ž19éšãã·ã¯
ããããµããŒã«ïŒéšããã³ã·ã¯ããããµãã³ïŒéš
ãå«ãæ··åç©ãæ··ç·ŽããŠããŒã¹ããåŸãã該ããŒ
ã¹ããã¡ãã·ãŠæ°200ãåã75ÎŒã®ãããã³è£œã¹
ã¯ãªãŒã³ããã®äžã«åã30ÎŒã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãã¹ã¯
ãæœããå°å·æ¿åã³ããªãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã¹ããŒãžãçšã
ãŠãåèšç©å±€ããŠäœæããã€ãªã³äº€æèã®ïŒ€å±€åŽ
ã®é¢ã«ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³å°å·ãããèé¢ã«åŸãããä»ç
å±€ã空æ°äžã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããã äžæ¹ãããããŠåŸãããå€å質局ãæããèã®
ä»æ¹ã®é¢ã«åæ§ã«ããŠãå¹³åç²åŸ0.3ÎŒã®Î²âçå
ã±ã€çŽ ç²åãä»çãããããããåŸã枩床140âã
å§å30KgïŒcm2ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§åèé¢ã®ç²åå±€ãã€ãªã³äº€
æèé¢ã«å§çããããšã«ãããèã®éœæ¥µåŽé¢åã³
é°æ¥µåŽé¢ã«ã¯ãé žåãžã«ã³ããŠã ç²ååã³çåã±
ã€çŽ ç²åããããããèé¢ïŒcm2åœããããã1.0
mgã0.7mgä»çããã€ãªã³äº€æèãäœæããã該
ã€ãªã³äº€æèããå®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšåæ§ã®æ¡
件ã§å æ°Žå解ããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãªãã以äžã®çµæã
åŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 2.90 96.0 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯25ppmã§ã
ã€ãã 30æ¥éé»è§£äœ¿çšããèã芳å¯ãããèã«ç°åžžã¯
èªããããªãã€ãã éæœäŸ ïŒ ãã¿ã³ã®ãã³ããã¡ã¿ã«ïŒçåŸïŒmmãé·åŸïŒ
mmïŒã®çé¢ã«ã0.5mmå·Ÿã®ãããã§æºãäœã€ãåº
æ¿ã«ãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ãªææ³ã§åŠçããæºä»ãã®
éœæ¥µãåŸãã該éœæ¥µã®æºä»åŽããå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§
ãªæ¹æ³ã§åŸãã€ãªã³äº€æèã®é žåãžã«ã³ããŠã å€
å質局åŽã«å å§æ¥è§Šãããããã«ãïŒèŠå®ã®å¡©å
ãããªãŠã ã«å¡©é žãæ·»å ãã€ã€æ·¡å¡©æ°ŽPHã1.5ã«
ä¿ã¡ã€ã€é»è§£ãè¡ãªã€ãã»ãã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§
ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§é»è§£ãè¡ãªã€ãã ãã®çµæãé»æµå¹çã¯96.0ïŒ ã§ãããé»å§ã¯
2.90Vã§ãããéœæ¥µã«ãŠåŸãããå¡©çŽ ã¬ã¹äžã®é ž
çŽ æ¿åºŠã¯0.3ïŒ ã§ãã€ããçæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äž
ã®é£å¡©å«éã¯22ppmã§ãã€ãã180æ¥éé»è§£äœ¿çš
ããèã芳å¯ãããèã«ç°åžžã¯èªããããªãã€
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠãå ±éåäœïŒ¢ã®ä»£ãã«ãåæ§
ãªéåæ¡ä»¶ããåŸãããã€ãªã³äº€æ容é
1.65meqïŒïœã®å ±éåäœïŒšãäœæããŠåŸãåã
140ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ãçšããããã«ãã®ä»£ãã«ã
å ±éåäœïŒšããã³ïŒ¡ãïŒïŒïŒã«ãã¬ã³ãããã®ã¡
補èããŠåŸãåã15ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ãçšãã以å€
ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§è£œèããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãª
ã以äžã®çµæãåŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 3.14 96.8 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯21ppmã§ã
ã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠå ±éåäœïŒ¡ã®ä»£ãã«åæ§ãªé
åæ¡ä»¶ããåŸãããã€ãªã³äº€æ容é0.9meqïŒïœ
ã®å ±éåäœïŒ«ãäœæããŠåŸãåã20ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã
ãçšããããã«ãã®ä»£ãã«å ±éåäœïŒ«ããã³
ãïŒïŒïŒã«ãã¬ã³ãããã®ã¡è£œèããŠåŸãåã
10ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ïŒãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãšå
æ§ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§è£œèããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãªãã以äžã®çµæ
ãåŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 3.15 96.8 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯27ppmã§ã
ã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠãåã160ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ã®
代ãã«åçµæã®åã140ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã Eâ²ãçšãã
ããã«åã30ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã ã®ä»£ãã«åçµæã®å
ã20ÎŒã®ãã€ã«ã Gâ²ãçšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšå
æ§ãªæ¡ä»¶ã§è£œèããã³é»è§£ãè¡ãªã以äžã®çµæã
åŸãã é»æµå¯åºŠïŒïŒ¡ïŒïœm2ïŒ é»å§(V) é»æµå¹ç(%) 30 3.11 96.5 çæèæ§ãœãŒã溶液äžã®é£å¡©å«éã¯36ppmã§ã
ã€ãã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšãäžã€ã€ãªã³
亀æ容éã1.4ã2.0ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã§
ããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãåã50
ã250ÎŒã®èãäž»äœå±€ãšãã該ã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœ
å±€ã®äžæ¹ã®é¢åŽã«ãã¹ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåº
ãšãäžã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã0.5ã1.5ããªåœéïŒã°
ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã§ããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœ
ãããªãåãïŒã50ÎŒã®ã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãã
äžèšã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ã®ä»æ¹ã®é¢åŽã«ãã«ã«ã
ã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšãäžã€ã€ãªã³äº€æ容éã
0.5ã1.3ããªåœéïŒã°ã©ã 也ç¥æš¹èã§ããããŒã
ã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªãåãïŒã50ÎŒã®ã«
ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ããã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€åã³ã«
ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãããããæå€å±€ãšãªãããã«
ç©å±€äžäœåããå°ãªããšãäžå±€ãããªãããšãç¹
城ãšããããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã ïŒ ã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€ãš
ããåãïŒã50ÎŒã®ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåº
ãå ±åããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãããªã
å ±åèå±€ãä»ããŠç©å±€äžäœåãããŠããç¹èš±è«æ±
ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã ïŒ å ±åèå±€ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšã
ãããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žåºã
ã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœ
ãšã®ãã¬ã³ããããªãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒ
ã®ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã ïŒ å ±åèå±€ãã«ã«ãã³é žèäž»äœå±€ãæ§æããã
ãŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã¹ã«ãã³é žèè¡šé¢å±€
ãæ§æããããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœãšã®ãã¬
ã³ãã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé åã¯ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒ
ã®ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã ïŒ å ±åèå±€ãã«ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšã
ãããŒãã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³éåäœ100éééšåœãã¹
ã«ãã³é žåºãã€ãªã³äº€æåºãšããããŒãã«ãªãã«
ãŒãã³éåäœ25ã400éééšã®ãã¬ã³ããããªã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé åã¯ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããçŽ æš¹
èéœã€ãªã³äº€æèã
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59098565A JPS60243129A (ja) | 1984-05-18 | 1984-05-18 | ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æè |
| EP85105952A EP0165466B1 (en) | 1984-05-18 | 1985-05-14 | Cation exchange fluoropolymer membrane |
| DE8585105952T DE3565557D1 (en) | 1984-05-18 | 1985-05-14 | Cation exchange fluoropolymer membrane |
| CA000481675A CA1265472A (en) | 1984-05-18 | 1985-05-16 | Cation exchange fluoropolymer membrane |
| US07/173,041 US4983264A (en) | 1984-05-18 | 1988-03-28 | Four layer cation exchange fluoropolymer membrane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59098565A JPS60243129A (ja) | 1984-05-18 | 1984-05-18 | ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æè |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60243129A JPS60243129A (ja) | 1985-12-03 |
| JPH0115525B2 true JPH0115525B2 (ja) | 1989-03-17 |
Family
ID=14223200
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59098565A Granted JPS60243129A (ja) | 1984-05-18 | 1984-05-18 | ããçŽ æš¹èéœã€ãªã³äº€æè |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4983264A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0165466B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS60243129A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1265472A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE3565557D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0253119A3 (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-07-19 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Ion exchange membrane for electrolysis |
| US5183545A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1993-02-02 | Branca Phillip A | Electrolytic cell with composite, porous diaphragm |
| US5288378A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1994-02-22 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Guard membranes for use in electrodialysis cells |
| JP3075580B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-05 | 2000-08-14 | æç¡åæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | é»è§£çšå«ããçŽ éœã€ãªã³äº€æè |
| US5654109A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-08-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Composite fuel cell membranes |
| DE69725715D1 (de) * | 1996-04-30 | 2003-11-27 | Gore & Ass | Integral mehrschichtige zusammengesetzte ionenaustauschmembranen |
| US5981097A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-11-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Multiple layer membranes for fuel cells employing direct feed fuels |
| FR2818791A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Membrane conductrice ionique organique pour pile a combustible et son procede de fabrication |
| US20040036394A1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-02-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Process for preparing multi-layer proton exchange membranes and membrane electrode assemblies |
| TW200527521A (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-08-16 | Du Pont | Membrane-mediated electropolishing |
| JP2007523264A (ja) * | 2004-02-23 | 2007-08-16 | ã€ãŒã»ã¢ã€ã»ãã¥ãã³ã»ããŠã»ãã ãŒã«ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã«ã³ãã㌠| èåŒé»è§£ç 磚åãè£ çœ® |
| US9133557B2 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2015-09-15 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Cation exchange membrane, electrolysis vessel using the same and method for producing cation exchange membrane |
| US10734660B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2020-08-04 | Nissan North America, Inc. | Functionalized carbon layer for membrane degradation mitigation under fuel cell operating conditions |
| US11462724B1 (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2022-10-04 | ZAF Energy Systems, Incorporated | Electrode manufacturing |
| US11205772B1 (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-12-21 | ZAF Energy Systems, Incorporated | Zinc electrode manufacturing |
| CN113955267B (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-04-18 | æ¹åèŽæ©å®åœç«å©Žç«¥çšåæéå ¬åž | äžç§ç¯ä¿ç纞尿裀ç产çšèŽŽæ è£ çœ® |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5392394A (en) * | 1976-12-24 | 1978-08-14 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Membrance of multi-layer structure and production thereof |
| US4267364A (en) * | 1977-04-20 | 1981-05-12 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated ion exchange polymer containing carboxylic groups, process for making same, and film and membrane thereof |
| JPS5460294A (en) * | 1977-10-21 | 1979-05-15 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrolysis of aqueous alkali chrolide |
| US4176215A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-11-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ion-exchange structures of copolymer blends useful in electrolytic cells |
| JPS5672190A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1981-06-16 | Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd | Cation exchange membrane for electrolysis of alkali metal halogenide |
| JPS5675938A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1981-06-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Starting method of automobile engine |
| US4401711A (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1983-08-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Cation exchange membrane with high equivalent weight component |
| JPS6044331B2 (ja) * | 1981-02-25 | 1985-10-03 | æ±ãœãŒæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | éœã€ãªã³äº€æèã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
| JPS57143332A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1982-09-04 | Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd | Production of cation exchange membrane |
| JPS58199884A (ja) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-21 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | æ¹è¯ãããé»è§£çšéœã€ãªã³äº€æè |
-
1984
- 1984-05-18 JP JP59098565A patent/JPS60243129A/ja active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-05-14 DE DE8585105952T patent/DE3565557D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-05-14 EP EP85105952A patent/EP0165466B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-05-16 CA CA000481675A patent/CA1265472A/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-03-28 US US07/173,041 patent/US4983264A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0165466B1 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
| US4983264A (en) | 1991-01-08 |
| DE3565557D1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| JPS60243129A (ja) | 1985-12-03 |
| CA1265472A (en) | 1990-02-06 |
| EP0165466A1 (en) | 1985-12-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPH0115525B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0212495B2 (ja) | ||
| US4586992A (en) | Process for producing potassium hydroxide | |
| JPS6059996B2 (ja) | å¡©åã¢ã«ã«ãªã®é»è§£æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0586971B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS58199884A (ja) | æ¹è¯ãããé»è§£çšéœã€ãªã³äº€æè | |
| JP2504135B2 (ja) | é»è§£çšéœã€ãªã³äº€æè | |
| JPS6317913B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0668033B2 (ja) | æ¹è¯ãããé»è§£çšéœã€ãªã³äº€æè | |
| JPH0219848B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2658037B2 (ja) | é«çŽåºŠæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPS59133386A (ja) | ã¬ã¹æ¡æ£é»æ¥µã®è£œé æ³ | |
| EP0189056B1 (en) | Method for restoring the current efficiency | |
| JPS6120634B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH08120100A (ja) | å«ããçŽ éœã€ãªã³äº€æè | |
| JPS6125787B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS61130497A (ja) | ã¬ã¹æ¡æ£é»æ¥µ | |
| JPS6341989B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0822932B2 (ja) | é»è§£çšã€ãªã³äº€æè | |
| JPS6214036B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6223076B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS636029A (ja) | é»è§£çšéœã€ãªã³äº€æè | |
| JPS63310985A (ja) | æ°Žé žåã¢ã«ã«ãªã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0756079B2 (ja) | æ°Žé žåã¢ã«ã«ãªã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPS61235587A (ja) | é»è§£æ¹æ³ |