JP6853214B2 - 放射誘導の放射線治療の方法および装置 - Google Patents
放射誘導の放射線治療の方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本特許出願は、2008年3月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/036,709号、および2009年2月9日出願された米国特許出願第12/367,679号の優先権の利益を主張し、これらの出願の内容は、その全体が本明細書に参照によって援用される。
本開示は、放射線治療の装置および方法に関し、より詳細には、高エネルギ放射線を用いて体内の癌組織を治療する装置および方法に関する。
放射線治療(RT)は、腫瘍細胞を殺す高エネルギ放射線(例えば、x線)を用いて体内の癌性組織を治療する方法である。RTの2つの主要な種類、すなわち体内ビームおよび体外ビームがある。体内ビームRTは、患者の体内または治療されるべき癌性部位の近くに放射性物質を移植することによって達成される。体外ビームRTは、放射線の高エネルギビームが治療されるべき領域を通過するように、患者を通る放射線の高エネルギビームを向けることによって達成される。体外RTは、過去数十年間にわたり著しく進化してきた。健康な組織を温存しながら致死の放射線量を腫瘍に適用する努力において、腫瘍の二次元の投写像を患者の表面上で一致させるために三次元正角ビームRTなどの技術がビームを形作るために用いられる。さらに、ビームは、周囲の健康な組織に対する放射線量を最小にしながら、腫瘍に対する放射線量を最大にするように、患者の周りで様々な角度および変化する強度で適用される。これは、強度変調RT(IMRT)として公知である。
本主題は、同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って放射線をスキャンし、整列させる装置および方法に関する。方法は、セッション中に所定のボリュームと交差する放射性事象から同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することと、セッション中に放射経路に沿って放射線源を整列させることとを含む。様々な例は、個々の検出された放射事象に応じた、放射線の繰返しのタイムリーな整列を含む。様々な例は、所定のボリュームを識別する位置データを受信し、放射線に敏感な領域に放射線を方向付けることを避けることを含む。
例えば、本明細書は以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
放射線源と、
座標系内に生じる同時陽電子消滅放射を検出するように構成される同時陽電子放射検出器と、
該放射線源および該同時陽電子放射検出器と通信する制御器であって、該制御器は、該座標系内の1つ以上のボリュームと交差する同時陽電子消滅放射経路を識別することと、識別された同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って該放射線源を整列させることを行うように構成される、制御器と
を備えている、装置。
(項目2)
前記制御器に接続される運動システムをさらに備え、該運動システムは、前記1つ以上のボリュームの周りで前記放射線源を動かすように構成される、項目1に記載の装置。
(項目3)
前記運動システムは、円形ガントリを含む、項目2に記載の装置。
(項目4)
前記運動システムは、Cアームガントリシステムを含む、項目2に記載の装置。
(項目5)
前記制御器に接続されるマルチリーフ視準アセンブリをさらに備え、該視準アセンブリは、1つ以上の同時陽電子放射経路に沿って前記放射線を同時に方向付けるように適合される、項目1〜4のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目6)
前記制御器は、所定の放射線量が前記1つ以上のボリュームの各ボリュームに加えられるまで、複数の個々の同時陽電子消滅経路に沿って放射線を連続的に適用するように構成される、項目1〜5のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目7)
第2の放射線源をさらに備え、前記制御器は、第2の識別された同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って該第2の放射線源を整列させるように構成される、項目1〜6のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目8)
前記放射線源は、高エネルギ光子放射線源を含む、項目1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目9)
前記放射線源は、高エネルギ電子放射線源を含む、項目1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目10)
前記放射線源は、陽子ビーム放射線源を含む、項目1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目11)
前記放射線源の反対側に取り付けられるx線検出器のアレイをさらに備えている、項目1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目12)
前記制御器は、同時陽電子消滅放射経路を識別する所定の時間内に該同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って前記放射線源を整列させるように構成される、項目1〜11のいずれかに記載の装置。
(項目13)
セッション中に起こる放射性事象から同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することと、
該セッション中に該放射経路に沿って放射線源を整列させることと
を包含する、方法。
(項目14)
所定のボリュームの位置データを受信することをさらに包含する、項目13に記載の方法。
(項目15)
位置データを受信することは、前記放射線源に対して前記ボリュームの位置を合わせることを含む、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記ボリュームの位置を合わせることは、前記放射線の供給源を用いて該ボリュームの低放射線量の断層撮影スキャンを行うことを含む、項目15に記載の方法。
(項目17)
検出することは、第1の陽電子放射断層撮影(PET)カメラおよび第2のPETカメラを用いて同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することを含む、項目13〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記放射線源を整列させることは、該放射線源と、少なくとも2つの陽電子放射断層撮影カメラと、x線検出器のアレイとを所定のボリュームの周りに回転させることを包含する、項目13〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目19)
前記放射線源を整列させることは、さらなる同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出しながら、該放射線源と、少なくとも2つの陽電子放射断層撮影カメラと、x線検出器のアレイとを所定のボリュームの周りに回転させることを包含する、項目13〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記放射線源を整列させることは、前記同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って放射線を方向付ける視準アセンブリを構成することを含む、項目13〜19のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記セッション中に前記放射経路に沿って放射線を方向付けることをさらに包含する、項目13〜20のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記x線検出器のアレイを用いて前記同時陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って方向付けられた放射線量を記録することをさらに包含する、項目13〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目23)
放射線を方向付けることは、前記セッション中の所定の時間内に前記放射経路に沿って放射線を方向付けることを含む、項目13〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目24)
さらなる同時陽電子消滅放射経路を検出することと、
前記セッション中の所定の時間内に該検出されたさらなる同時陽電子消滅放射経路の選択された放射経路に沿って前記放射線源を整列させることと、
該セッション中に該放射経路に沿ってさらなる放射線を方向付けることと
をさらに包含する、項目13〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記方向付けられたさらなる放射線のさらなる放射線量を記録することと、
蓄積された総放射線量が所定の放射線量を満足するまで、前記方向付けられた放射線の総放射線量を蓄積することと
をさらに包含する、項目24に記載の方法。
本発明の以下の詳細な説明は、添付の図面において主題を参照し、その添付の図面は、本主題が実施され得る特定の局面および実施形態を例示として示す。これらの実施形態は、当業者が本主題を実施することが可能であるほど十分詳細に説明される。本開示における「一、1つの(an)」、「1つの(one)」、または「様々な(various)」実施形態の参照は、必ずしも同じ実施形態の参照ではなく、そのような参照は2つ以上の実施形態を意図する。従って、以下の詳細な説明は、限定する意味で解されるべきではなく、範囲は、添付の特許請求の範囲、ならびに、そのような特許請求の範囲が権利を有する法的な均等物の全範囲によってのみ定義される。
Claims (43)
- 装置であって、
回転可能なガントリと、
前記ガントリに取り付けられた放射線源と、
前記ガントリに取り付けられた陽電子放射検出器であって、前記陽電子放射検出器は、座標系内のボリュームから生じる陽電子消滅放射経路を検出するように構成される、陽電子放射検出器と、
前記放射線源および前記陽電子放射検出器と通信している制御器であって、前記制御器は、前記ガントリが回転すると、検出された陽電子消滅放射経路をキューに入れることと、前記ボリュームが前記座標系内で前記ボリュームの位置を変更する前に、前記ボリュームに放射を方向付けるように前記放射線源を前記検出された陽電子消滅放射経路に対して位置付けるように前記ガントリを回転させることとを行うように構成される、制御器と
を備える、装置。 - 前記制御器に接続された運動システムをさらに備え、前記運動システムは、前記放射線源を前記ボリュームの周りに位置付けるように前記ガントリを回転させるように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器に接続されたマルチリーフ視準アセンブリをさらに備える、請求項1または2に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記座標系内の1つ以上のボリュームから生じる1つ以上の陽電子消滅放射経路の位置データを格納することと、所定の放射線量が前記1つ以上のボリュームに加えられるまで前記1つ以上の陽電子消滅放射経路に対して前記放射線源を位置付けるように前記ガントリを連続的に回転させることとを行うように構成される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 第2の放射線源をさらに備え、前記制御器は、第2の検出された陽電子消滅放射経路に対して前記第2の放射線源を位置付けるように前記ガントリを回転させるように構成される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記放射線源がx線源、電子源、または陽子ビーム源を含むか、または、
前記放射線源の反対側に取り付けられたx線検出器のアレイを前記装置がさらに備える、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記陽電子消滅放射経路を識別する所定の時間内に、検出された陽電子消滅放射経路に対して放射を方向付けるように前記放射線源を位置付けるように前記ガントリを回転させるように構成される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、所定のボリュームの位置データを受信することと、前記放射線源に対して前記ボリュームの位置を合わせることとを行うようにさらに構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記放射線源は、前記ボリュームの低放射線量の断層撮影スキャンを行うように構成される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記陽電子放射検出器は、少なくとも2つの陽電子放射検出器を含み、前記少なくとも2つの陽電子放射検出器は、前記回転可能なガントリが回転している間にさらなる陽電子消滅放射経路を検出するように構成される、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記マルチリーフ視準アセンブリは、前記回転可能なガントリが回転している間に構成を変更する、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記x線検出器のアレイを用いて前記ボリュームに方向付けられた放射線量を記録するように構成される、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、蓄積された総放射線量が所定の線量を満たすまで放射を前記ボリュームに方向付けるように構成される、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 放射を誘導するための装置であって、
座標系内のボリュームの周りで回転可能なガントリと、
前記ガントリ上に取り付けられた放射線源と、
前記ガントリ上に取り付けられた視準アセンブリであって、前記視準アセンブリは、前記放射線源の放射経路内に配置され、前記視準アセンブリの構成は、前記ガントリが回転している間に調整可能である、視準アセンブリと、
前記ガントリの少なくとも円周長さに沿って取り付けられた陽電子消滅放射検出器のアレイであって、前記陽電子消滅放射検出器のアレイは、前記ボリュームから陽電子消滅放射経路を検出するように構成される、陽電子消滅放射検出器のアレイと、
前記陽電子消滅放射検出器のアレイと通信している制御器であって、前記制御器は、前記検出された陽電子消滅放射経路からマップを構成するように構成され、前記制御器は、前記放射線源と通信しており、前記マップに基づいて前記放射線源からの放射を前記ボリュームに方向付けるように構成される、制御器と
を備える、装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記ガントリと通信しており、前記ガントリを回転させかつ陽電子消滅放射経路を検出している間に放射を方向付けるようにさらに構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記陽電子消滅放射検出器のアレイは、前記座標系内の1つ以上のボリュームから生じる陽電子消滅放射経路を検出するように構成され、前記制御器は、前記放射線源からの放射を前記1つ以上のボリュームに複数のガントリ位置から方向付けるように構成される、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、放射を複数のガントリ位置から方向付けるように構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、陽電子消滅放射経路の前記マップに基づいて前記ボリュームの新陳代謝活動の映像を構成するようにさらに構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器と通信している運動システムをさらに備え、前記制御器は、前記運動システムを用いてガントリ回転を制御する、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記ボリュームに方向付けられた放射の線量を記録するようにさらに構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記放射線源の反対側で前記ガントリ上に取り付けられたMeV検出器をさらに備え、前記制御器は、前記MeV検出器と通信しており、MeV検出器の読み取りに基づいて前記放射線量を記録するように構成される、請求項20に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記視準アセンブリと通信しており、前記視準アセンブリは、マルチリーフコリメータおよびコリメータジョーを備える、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記マルチリーフコリメータは、各ガントリ位置に対して再構成可能である、請求項22に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記コリメータジョーを、前記マルチリーフコリメータと一致して動かすようにさらに構成される、請求項23に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記視準アセンブリと通信しており、前記放射線源からの放射を前記検出された陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って方向付けるように前記視準アセンブリの構成を変更するように構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記ガントリおよび前記視準アセンブリと通信しており、前記制御器は、放射を前記検出された陽電子消滅放射経路に沿って前記ボリュームに方向付けるように、ガントリの回転、視準アセンブリ構成の調整、および放射線源のトリガを調整するように構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記ガントリ上に取り付けられた複数の放射線源をさらに備える、請求項14に記載の装置。
- テーブルをさらに備え、前記ガントリは、前記テーブルの周りで回転可能であり、前記制御器は、前記テーブルを段階的に平行移動するように構成され、放射を各テーブルの段階において前記ボリュームに方向付けるように構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 放射線治療システムであって、
ガントリと、
可動テーブルであって、前記ガントリは、前記テーブルの周りで回転可能である、可動テーブルと、
前記ガントリ上に取り付けられた複数の陽電子放射検出器であって、前記複数の陽電子放射検出器は、複数の陽電子消滅放射経路を検出するように構成される、複数の陽電子放射検出器と、
前記ガントリ上に取り付けられた治療用放射線源と、
前記ガントリ、前記可動テーブル、前記陽電子放射検出器、および前記治療用放射線源と通信している制御器と
を備え、前記制御器は、
前記テーブル上に位置する対象のボリュームの位置データを受信することであって、前記対象のボリュームは、腫瘍組織を含む、ことと、
前記複数の検出された陽電子消滅放射経路から前記対象のボリュームと交差する陽電子消滅放射経路を識別することと、
前記識別された陽電子消滅放射経路に基づいて放射を前記腫瘍組織の複数の部分に送達している間に前記テーブルを段階的に平行移動することと
を行うように構成される、システム。 - 前記腫瘍組織の前記部分は、前記治療用放射線源の治療ビーム平面内に位置する腫瘍組織のスライスを含む、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 放射を送達することは、前記対象のボリュームと交差する複数の陽電子消滅放射経路に応答して放射を方向付けることを含む、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 放射を方向付けることは、実際の腫瘍組織の位置または運動の部分的な知見を用いて前記対象のボリュームに一連の放射線ビームを放射することを含む、請求項31に記載のシステム。
- 放射を送達することは、前記識別された陽電子消滅放射経路のうちの1つ以上に沿って放射を方向付けることを含む、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記対象のボリュームの前記位置データは、治療計画中に決定される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 陽電子消滅放射経路を識別することは、各検出された放射経路を、前記対象のボリュームの前記位置データと比較することを含む、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記陽電子放射検出器は、前記対象のボリュームの周りで回転させられている間に前記複数の陽電子消滅放射経路を検出するように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御器は、前記ガントリを回転させかつ陽電子消滅放射経路を検出している間に放射を送達するように前記治療用放射線源を方向付けるように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数の陽電子消滅放射検出器は、複数の腫瘍領域から陽電子消滅放射経路を検出するように構成され、前記制御器は、複数のガントリ位置から前記複数の腫瘍領域に放射を送達するように前記治療用放射線源を方向付けるように構成される、請求項37に記載のシステム。
- 前記ガントリ上に取り付けられた視準アセンブリをさらに備え、前記視準アセンブリは、前記治療用放射線源の放射経路内に配置され、前記視準アセンブリの構成は、前記ガントリが回転している間に調整可能である、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御器は、前記視準アセンブリと通信しており、前記視準アセンブリは、マルチリーフコリメータおよびコリメータジョーを備える、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 前記マルチリーフコリメータは、各ガントリ位置に対して再構成可能である、請求項40に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御器は、前記コリメータジョーを、前記マルチリーフコリメータと一致して動かすようにさらに構成される、請求項41に記載のシステム。
- 前記ガントリ上に取り付けられた複数の治療用放射線源をさらに備える、請求項29に記載のシステム。
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