JP6383291B2 - 太陽電池の光捕獲性を改善するシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池の光捕獲性を改善するシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2011年12月26日付米国プロビジョナル特許出願61/580,290号に基づく優先権主張を伴う出願である。この参照をもって全内容を本願に組み込む。
−液体ドーパントソース(例えば、n型ドーピングの場合は、燐含有ガラス、PSG、そしてp型ドーピングの場合は、ホウ素含有ガラス、BSG)を、テクスチャー化された表面に塗布し(例えば、スピン被覆、スプレー被覆、等により)、それに続いて、パルスレーザ照射でドーパントソースからのドーパントを、テクスチャー化された基板の表面上の薄い溶融部に導入し、次いで、選択的湿式エッチングプロセスを使用して、ドーパントソースを選択的に除去する。
−或いは又、ガス浸漬レーザドーピング(GILD)のようなプロセスを使用して、適当な気相ドーパントソース(n型ドーピングの場合にはPH3又はAsH3、或いはp型ドーピングの場合にはB2H6)を含む雰囲気中で、レーザテクスチャー化された基板の表面をパルスレーザ露出により直接ドープする。
−パルスレーザビームスキャンを使用して、(薄いエピタキシャルシリコン太陽電池を含めて)結晶シリコン太陽電池を含む結晶半導体太陽電池の前面及び/又は背面をテクスチャー化し、その後、後続のパルスレーザ又は熱アニール動作を使用してシリコンの表面のドーピングも行うプロセス。この後続のアニール及びドーピング動作は、レーザテクスチャー化の間にシリコン基板表面に導入されたダメージも除去する。
−フロントコンタクトの結晶半導体太陽電池の前面をレーザテクスチャー化した後に、表面のレーザ導入ドーピングを行って、エミッタを形成し、そしてレーザ導入ダメージを排除するプロセス。
−フロントコンタクトの結晶半導体太陽電池のシリコンの背面をレーザでテクスチャー化した後に、レーザで表面のドーピングを誘起して、背面フィールド(BSF)を形成し、そしてレーザで誘起されたダメージを排除するプロセス。
−全バックコンタクト・バックジャンクション太陽電池のシリコン基板の背面をテクスチャー化して、波長の長い放射の捕獲を改善するパルスレーザビームスキャンプロセス。
−全バックコンタクト・バックジャンクション太陽電池のシリコン基板の背面をテクスチャー化して、波長の長い放射の捕獲を改善し、その後、レーザ又は熱アニール(或いは熱アニール/酸化)ステップによりエミッタ及びベース領域を形成し、レーザテクスチャー化の間に生じたシリコンダメージをこの熱アニール中に除去するパルスレーザビームスキャンプロセス。
−光子インプラント(又は応力誘起のスポーリング)等のエピタキシー又はカーフレス(kerfless)バルクウェハスライス技術のような堆積技術を使用して得た薄い単結晶半導体膜を使用して形成された全バックコンタクト・バックジャンクション櫛型金属被覆太陽電池に対し、太陽放射の捕獲性を向上させ、全太陽電池変換効率を改善する処理。
−パルス状の短いパルス長さ(<1000ピコ秒、及びある場合には100フェムト秒まで)のレーザを使用するレーザテクスチャー化。
−レーザビームテクスチャー化で生じたダメージを、その後のレーザアニールにより、例えば、連続波又はマイクロ秒レーザ、或いはナノ秒のパルスレーザを使用して、減少し/除去する。非常に薄い(>10ミクロン)エピタキシャルシリコン基板がテンプレートに支持されるNBLACセルでは、パルス状のナノ秒IR又は緑波長のレーザビームが使用される。
−PH3、AsH3又はB2H6のようなドーパントソースを含む雰囲気中で直接ガス浸漬レーザドーピング(GILD)により、レーザテクスチャー化された表面に前面フィールドを形成するパルスレーザドーピング処理。
−不動態誘電体膜のパルスレーザテクスチャー化。
−誘電体島部の堆積によるパターン化されたテクスチャーの追加形成(例えば、個別の及び/又は相互接続された誘電体バンプのスクリーン印刷による)。そのようなパターン化された追加層は、接触部を開いた後であって且つセル上での金属被覆プロセスの直前に付着され、接触領域を覆うものではない。
−スクリーン印刷可能なペースト又はインクジェット印刷可能なインクにサブミクロンサイズ及び/又は1ミクロンから数ミクロンサイズの誘電体粒子を含む光散乱層の追加形成。そのようなパターン化された追加層は、接触部を開いた後であって且つセル上での金属被覆プロセスの直前に付着され、接触領域を覆うものではない。
−不動態化のために後側のシリコン面に堆積された透明な不動態化層のレーザテクスチャー化によりフロントコンタクト・フロントジャンクション太陽電池及びバックコンタクト・バックジャンクション太陽電池の背面に拡散後部ミラーを形成する。ある実施形態では、不動態化層は、酸化シリコン、酸化アルミニウム、窒化シリコン又は酸窒化シリコン、或いはある実施形態では、ALD Al2O3である。テクスチャー化のためのレーザパラメータは、ナノ秒パルス巾レーザ(例えば、157nm波長のナノ秒パルス巾レーザ)、或いはUVからIRの範囲、例えば、1064nmの波長のピコ秒又はフェムト秒レーザ(例えば、UV355nmの波長のフェムト秒レーザ)を含むが、これに限定されない。シリコン層の亜酸化物は、レーザビームの吸収性を高めるために使用される。太陽電池は、例えば、10から100ミクロン厚みの範囲及び1ミクロン厚み程度の薄い結晶シリコン膜であり、例えば、単結晶シリコンテンプレートからエピタキシャル堆積及び剥離によって形成される。
12:接触部
14:エミッタ層
16:金属被覆層
18:誘電体層
20:エミッタ接触部
24、28:前面フィールド
26:テクスチャー化部分
30:基板
32:背面フィールド
34:不動態化層
36:金属被覆層
38:エミッタ層
40:酸化物層
42:ARC層
44:金属グリッド
46:金属接触部
48:セル面
50:テクスチャー化された不動態表面
52:拡散ミラー
Claims (5)
- 結晶シリコン太陽電池を処理する方法において、
全バックコンタクト・バックジャンクション太陽電池に使用するための厚みが100ミクロン未満の結晶シリコン基板をテンプレート上に準備し、
第1のパルスレーザビームを前記結晶シリコン基板の背面に当てて、
ピコ秒パルス巾及び赤外線波長を有する前記第1のパルスレーザビームを使用して、前記結晶シリコン基板の背面をテクスチャー化し、
第2のパルスレーザビームを前記テクスチャー化された背面に当てて、
前記第2のパルスレーザビームを使用して、前記結晶シリコン基板の前記背面をアニールし、このアニールプロセスにより、レーザダメージを除去する、
という段階を含み、更に、
前記第1のパルスレーザビームを前記結晶シリコン基板の前面に当て、
前記結晶シリコン基板の前記前面を前記第1のパルスレーザビームでテクスチャー化し、
前記結晶シリコン基板の前記前面にドーパントを堆積し、及び
前記結晶シリコン基板の前記前面を第3のパルスレーザビームでドーピングする、
という段階を含み、前記レーザドーピングプロセスは、前面フィールドを形成し、
前記アニールプロセスにおいて、前記結晶シリコン基板を成長するために使用された前記テンプレートへの過剰な熱伝達を回避すべく、パルス状のナノ秒IR又は緑色レーザが使用される方法。 - 前記第1のパルスレーザビームは、パルス巾が1000ピコ秒未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のレーザビームは、波長が355nmから1064nmの範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のパルスレーザビームは、ナノ秒パルス巾及び532nm波長を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記結晶シリコン基板の前記前面に前面フィールドを形成する前記第3のパルスレーザビームは、ナノ秒パルス巾及び532nm波長を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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2012
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- 2012-12-26 KR KR1020147020992A patent/KR101654548B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-12-26 WO PCT/US2012/071677 patent/WO2013101846A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-26 AU AU2012362505A patent/AU2012362505B2/en not_active Ceased
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AU2012362505B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
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US9583651B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
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