JP6347994B2 - 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および外側継手部材 - Google Patents
等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および外側継手部材 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
- B21K1/765—Outer elements of coupling members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
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- B21K1/14—Making machine elements fittings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/02—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like
- F16D1/027—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like non-disconnectable, e.g. involving gluing, welding or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
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- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/226—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part
- F16D3/227—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part the joints being telescopic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
- B21K1/763—Inner elements of coupling members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/11—Joints, e.g. ball joints, universal joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22326—Attachments to the outer joint member, i.e. attachments to the exterior of the outer joint member or to the shaft of the outer joint member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0023—Shaping by pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
- F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Description
バー材)を鍛造加工やしごき加工等の塑性加工、切削加工、熱処理、研削加工等を施すことによって、カップ部と軸部とを一体成形する場合が多い。
(1)生産技術の面では、カップ部材と軸部材を密閉空間に設置して真空引きし、中空空洞部も真空化された状態で溶接することで溶融物の吹き上がりや気泡の発生が抑えられる。
(2)また、生産性の面では、生産性向上を図るために焼入れ焼戻しの熱処理を施したカップ部材と軸部材を溶接する場合、溶接時の熱で周辺部の温度が上昇し、熱処理部の硬度が低下する懸念がある。この問題に対しては、溶接工程の順序の入れ替えにより、継手機能への影響がない範囲で最も効率的でコスト低減が可能な工程で接合するという方法に着目した。例えば、溶接時の熱影響がないものであれば、焼入れ焼戻しの熱処理を施した完成状態のカップ部材と軸部材を溶接し、一方、熱影響があるものは、溶接後の熱処理とする工程とするなど、カップ部材や軸部材の形状、仕様等に応じて最適な工程をとるコンセプトを見出した。
(3)さらに、生産性や品種統合の面では、図20〜22に示すカップ部材72には、次のような問題があることが判明した。すなわち、カップ部材72は、鍛造加工等によりカップ部の底部より縮径された短軸部が形成されるが、この短軸部が軸部材73の形状、寸法を基準にして設定され、軸部の途中位置で接合される構成となっている。軸部材73は、組み付けられる車両によって、標準的な長さのステムやロングステムというタイプの違いに加えて、種々の軸径や外周形状が要求される。このため、カップ部材72の短軸部を軸部材73の形状、寸法を基準にして設定し、軸部の途中位置で接合する場合、軸部材73と接合されるカップ部材72の短軸部の軸径(接合径)や形状、長さ(接合位置)の両方が異なるため、一種類の軸部材73に対して専用のカップ部材72が必要になる。したがって、生産性の向上やカップ部材の品種統合によるコスト低減の面でも問題があることが判明した。
(4)加えて、自動車用等の量産製品である等速自在継手の外側継手部材の新たな製造コンセプトを実用面で成立させるためには、外側継手部材の軸部材の加工工程を削減し、生産性の向上および製造コストの削減を可能にする鍛造加工に工夫が必要であることが判明した。具体的には、例えば、アプセッタによる鍛造では、各工程間で材料を搬送していくため、搬送時間が無視できず材料温度の低下が起こる。また、工程数が多い場合に、金型への接触も多くなることから、材料温度はより低下しやすくなる。材料温度が低下した場合、変形抵抗が大きくなるために所定の工程で狙い形状に加工することができなくなる問題があり、このために、従来は材料温度を1000〜1200℃の熱間領域まで加熱して鍛造する必要があった。この結果、熱間領域まで加熱することで結晶粒の肥大化が起こり易くなり、鍛造加工後の焼準工程が必須となり、また、熱間領域では、鍛造品表面にスケールと呼ばれる酸化被膜が形成されることから、ショットピーニング工程が必須であるという製造コスト高の課題があった。特に、長軸製品ではバー材からの全域旋削と比較してコストメリットがないために、鍛造による加工が敬遠される傾向にあるという問題が判明した。
鍛造重量に基づいてバー材を所定長さで切断し、ビレットを製作する。
ビレットを鍛造加工により、カップ部材12aの素形材として筒状部、底部および凸部を一体成形する。
前記素形材のトラック溝30および筒状円筒面42をしごき加工して、カップ部材12aの筒状部の内周を仕上げる。
しごき加工後の素形材に、外周面、ブーツ取付溝32、止め輪溝33などと接合用端面50を旋削加工する。本実施形態では、旋削加工工程S4cの後、中間部品としてのカップ部材12aに品番を付与して管理する。
[バー材切断工程S1s]
[鍛造加工工程S2s]
その後、軸部材13aの形状に応じて、ビレットをアプセット鍛造により概略形状に鍛造加工する。
ビレットの外周面(軸受装着面14、止め輪溝15、スプライン下径、端面など)とカップ部材12a側端部の接合用端面51を旋削加工する。
旋削加工後の軸部材にスプラインを転造加工する。ただし、スプラインの加工は転造加工に限られるものではなく、適宜プレス加工等に置き換えることもできる。本実施形態では、スプライン加工後、中間部品としての軸部材13aに品番を付与して管理する。
カップ部材12aの接合用端面50と軸部材13aの接合用端面51を突合せて溶接する。溶接後、カップ部材12aと軸部材13aの溶接部49を超音波探傷方法により検査する。
溶接後のカップ部12の少なくともトラック溝30、筒状内周面42および軸部13の外周の必要範囲に熱処理として高周波焼入れ焼戻しを行う。溶接部は熱処理を施さない。カップ部12のトラック溝30や筒状内周面42はHRC58〜62程度の硬化層が形成される。また、軸部13の外周の所定範囲にHRC50〜62程度の硬化層が形成される。
熱処理後、軸部13の軸受装着面14等を研削加工して仕上げる。これにより、外側継手部材11が完成する。
据込み加工限界として据込み距離Lと素材直径Dwの比により評価する。すなわち、据込み加工限界を決定するパラメータとして据込み距離Lと素材直径Dwの比である据込み比L/Dwが望ましい。据込み比L/Dwが大きいと座屈が発生し、表皮の巻き込み等が発生して正常な鍛造ができなくなる。
素材の加熱温度が800〜1000℃程度では、熱間領域に比べて変形抵抗が増加し座屈し易くなる。また、円柱据込みは円錐据込みよりも座屈が発生しやすいことが判明した。そのため、予備成形工程のパンチ121の成形面121aをテーパ状に形成し、その際における最適な円錐角度θとして、5°≦θ≦20°とした。
図9に開発過程における知見を示す。本成形工程で1回の据込み距離L2が20mm以下の場合では、角部に肉が充足する前に鍛造成形が完了してしまうため不充足Hが生じることが判明した。また、図7に示すように、予備成形品13a”1の小径Dw2’と本成形工程のパンチ123の略円筒状の成形面123aの直径Dw3の径差をGとしたとき、径差G(=Dw3−Dw2’)が10mm以上であると、材料が型離れを引き起こし、ヒケI(図9参照)が生じることが判明した。よって、本成形工程における1回の据込み距離L2の量を25mm以上とし、予備成形品13a”1の小径Dw2’と本成形工程のパンチ123の略円筒状の成形面123aの直径Dw3との径差Gを9mm以下とした。
2 中間シャフト
3 スプライン
4 ブーツ
5 ブーツ
6 サポートベアリング
10 摺動式等速自在継手
11 外側継手部材
12 カップ部
12a カップ部材
12a1 筒状部
12a2 底部
13 長寸軸部
13a 軸部材
13a” ビレット
13a’ 素形材
14 軸受装着面
16 内側継手部材
17 トリポード部材
19 トルク伝達要素(ローラ)
20 固定式等速自在継手
21 外側継手部材
22 内側継手部材
23 トルク伝達要素(ボール)
24 保持器
30 トラック溝
31 内周面
40 トラック溝
41 トルク伝達要素(ボール)
42 筒状内周面
49 溶接部
50 接合用端面
50a 突出面
51 接合用端面
52 凹部
54 段部
100 溶接装置
101 電子銃
108 ケース
109 真空ポンプ
111 密閉空間
120 ダイス
121 パンチ
122 ダイス
123 パンチ
B 外径
Dw1 直径
Dw2 直径
Dw3 直径
E 内径
J 中央偏析部
K 鍛造線
L 据込み距離
L1 据込み距離
L2 据込み距離
O 継手中心
O1 曲率中心
O2 曲率中心
Sp スプライン
θ 円錐角度
Claims (4)
- トルク伝達要素が係合するトラック溝を内周に形成したカップ部と、このカップ部の底部に形成された軸部とを別部材で構成し、前記カップ部を形成するカップ部材と前記軸部を形成する軸部材とを溶接してなる等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法において、
前記カップ部材と軸部材を中炭素鋼で形成し、前記カップ部材として、その筒状部と底部を鍛造加工により一体に形成した後、機械加工工程において前記底部の外面に接合用端面を形成したカップ部材を準備し、前記軸部材として、機械加工工程において前記カップ部材の底部と接合される接合用端面を形成した軸部材を準備し、前記カップ部材の接合用端面と軸部材の接合用端面を突合せて、この突合せ部の外側から半径方向にビームを照射して溶接するものであって、
前記軸部材は、バー材を切断したビレットから鍛造加工により、前記接合用端面が形成される段部および半径方向内側の凹部を成形し、
前記鍛造加工は、前記ビレットから前記接合用端面が形成される段部をテーパ状に成形する予備成形工程と、その後、前記接合用端面が形成される段部および前記凹部を形成する本成形工程とからなることを特徴とする等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。 - 前記予備成形工程における据え込み距離(L1)と前記ビレットの直径(Dw1)の比L1/Dw1に対して、前記本成形工程における据え込み距離(L2)と予備成形後の直径(Dw2)の比L2/Dw2を小さくしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記予備成形工程において、前記ビレットを円錐角度(θ)が5〜20°のパンチで成形することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法に基づき鍛造加工された軸部材。
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EP15810447.1A EP3156677B1 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-05-20 | Manufacturing method for constant velocity universal joint outer joint member |
CN201580031899.6A CN106460946B (zh) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-05-20 | 等速万向联轴器的外侧联轴器构件的制造方法以及外侧联轴器构件 |
PCT/JP2015/064469 WO2015194302A1 (ja) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-05-20 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および外側継手部材 |
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