JP6276419B2 - 気化器を含む液体燃料改質器及び液体改質可能燃料を改質する方法 - Google Patents
気化器を含む液体燃料改質器及び液体改質可能燃料を改質する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6276419B2 JP6276419B2 JP2016553239A JP2016553239A JP6276419B2 JP 6276419 B2 JP6276419 B2 JP 6276419B2 JP 2016553239 A JP2016553239 A JP 2016553239A JP 2016553239 A JP2016553239 A JP 2016553239A JP 6276419 B2 JP6276419 B2 JP 6276419B2
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- fuel
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Description
本願は、2013年11月6日に出願された米国特許出願第61/900,510号明細書の利益を享受し、その全体の内容は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
酸素含有ガス及び気化された液体改質可能燃料よりなるガス状反応混合物の流れを受容するためのインレット、改質反応ゾーン、及び水素リッチ改質油のためのアウトレット;
前記改質器の前記インレットに酸素含有ガス及び気化された液体改質可能燃料を経路指定するためのコンジットであって、前記コンジットは、酸素含有ガスのためのインレット、液体改質可能燃料のためのインレット及び前記改質器の前記インレットとガス流連通状態にあるアウトレットを含むこと;
前記改質器に導入された酸素含有ガスを加熱するために前記改質器の動作のスタートアップモードで動作可能な第1の熱源であって、前記第1の熱源は、電気ヒーター及び前記コンジット内であって前記酸素含有ガスのための前記インレットの下流で且つ前記液体改質可能燃料のための前記インレットの上流の位置に配置される第1の加熱ゾーンを備えること、前記電気ヒーターによって生成された熱が前記コンジット内に導入された酸素含有ガスに伝達され、それによって、前記ガスが前記第1の加熱ゾーンを通過する時に前記酸素含有ガスを温度の事前設定範囲内に加熱すること;
前記改質器に導入された酸素含有ガスを加熱するために前記改質器の動作の定常状態モードで動作可能な第2の熱源であって、前記第2の熱源は、前記改質器及び/又は前記コンジット内であって酸素含有ガスのための前記インレットの下流で且つ液体改質可能燃料のための前記インレットの上流の位置に配置された第2の加熱ゾーン内において前記改質器の外部の改質油消費デバイスから回収された発熱の熱よりなり、前記改質器及び/又は前記改質油消費デバイスから回収された発熱の熱は、前記コンジット内に導入された酸素含有ガスに伝達され、それによって、前記酸素含有ガスが前記第2の加熱ゾーンを通過する時に、前記酸素含有ガスを事前設定された範囲の温度内に加熱すること;及び、
液体改質可能燃料を気化するための気化器であって、前記気化器は、前記コンジット内であって前記インレットの下流の位置に配置される、即ち、前記コンジット内に導入された液体改質可能燃料のための前記インレットとして機能すること、前記液体改質可能燃料は、前記改質器のスタートアップモード中に前記第1の加熱ゾーンから及び前記改質器の定常状態モード中に前記第2の加熱ゾーンから通過する加熱された酸素含有ガスによって気化され且つそれと組み合わされることを含むことができる。
a)スタートアップモードにおいて、
(i)改質器のインレットに向かってガスを経路指定するためのコンジット内に酸素含有ガスを導入することであって、前記コンジットは、酸素含有ガスのためのインレット、液体改質可能燃料のためのインレット及び前記改質器の前記インレットとガス流連通状態にある、加熱されたガス状反応混合物のためのアウトレットを備えること、
(ii)電気ヒーター及び前記コンジット内であって前記酸素含有ガスのためのインレットの下流で且つ前記液体改質可能燃料のためのインレットの上流の位置に配置される第1の加熱ゾーンを備える第1の熱源により前記酸素含有ガスを加熱すること、前記電気ヒーターによって生成された熱は、前記コンジット内に導入された酸素含有ガスに伝達され、それによって、前記酸素含有ガスが前記第1の加熱ゾーンを通過する時に、前記酸素含有ガスを温度の事前設定範囲内に加熱すること、
(iii)液体改質可能燃料を前記コンジットに導入すること、
(iv)前記コンジット内に導入された液体改質可能燃料を前記コンジット内であって前記インレットの下流の位置に配置される、即ち、前記コンジット内に導入された液体改質可能燃料のためのインレットとして機能する気化器によって気化することであって、前記液体改質可能燃料は、前記第1の加熱ゾーンを通過する加熱された酸素含有ガスによって気化され、且つそれと組み合わされて、それによって、加熱されたガス状改質反応混合物を提供すること、
(v)ステップ(iv)からの加熱されたガス状改質反応混合物を前記改質器の前記インレット内に導入すること、及び
(vi)水素リッチ改質油の生成を開始するために前記改質器内で前記加熱されたガス状改質反応混合物を改質すること、及び、
b)定常状態モードにおいて、
(vii)酸素含有ガスを前記コンジットに導入すること、
(viii)前記改質器及び/又は前記コンジット内であって酸素含有ガスのための前記インレットの下流で且つ液体改質可能燃料のための前記インレットの上流の位置に配置された第2の加熱ゾーン内において前記改質器の外部の改質油消費デバイスから回収された発熱の熱よりなる第2に熱源によって前記酸素含有ガスを加熱すること、前記反応器及び/又は改質油消費デバイスから回収された発熱の熱は、前記コンジット内に導入された酸素含有ガスに伝達され、それによって、前記ガスが前記第2の加熱ゾーンを通過する時に、前記酸素含有ガスを温度の事前設定範囲内に加熱すること、
(ix)液体改質可能燃料を前記コンジット内に導入すること、
(x)前記コンジットに導入された前記液体改質可能燃料をステップ(iv)の前記気化器によって気化することであって、前記液体改質可能燃料は、前記第2の加熱ゾーンから通過する加熱された酸素含有ガスによって気化され、且つそれと組みわされて、それによって、加熱されたガス状改質反応混合物を提供すること、
(xi)ステップ(x)からの加熱されたガス状改質反応混合物を前記改質器の前記インレットに導入すること、
(xii)前記改質器内で前記加熱されたガス状反応混合物の改質を維持して、それによって、水素リッチ改質油の生成を続けること、及び
(xiii)ステップ(xii)の存続期間中、前記第1の熱源の動作を制限する又は中断することを含むことができる。
本明細書での本教示は、記述された特定の手順、材料、及び変更に制限されず、それらが変化され得ることが理解されるべきである。使用される用語は、特定の実施形態を記述する目的のみのためであり、且つ本教示の範囲を制限する意図はなく、それは、添付の特許請求の範囲によってのみ制限されることも理解されるべきである。
本記載は、CPOX改質器への適用として記述されるが、本開示は、他の改質器及び/又は反応に適用することが理解されるべきである。
Claims (16)
- 水素リッチ改質油の生成のための液体燃料改質器システムであって、前記液体燃料改質器システムは、
改質器インレットを備える液体燃料改質器、
酸素含有ガスインレット、前記酸素含有ガスインレットの下流に位置される液体改質可能燃料インレット、及び前記液体改質可能燃料インレットの下流に位置されるガス状反応混合物アウトレットを備えるコンジットであって、前記コンジットは、前記酸素含有ガスインレットと前記液体改質可能燃料インレットと前記ガス状反応混合物アウトレットと間に流体連通を提供すると共に前記ガス状反応混合物アウトレットは、前記改質器インレットと流体連通状態にあること、
電気ヒーターを備える第1の熱源であって、前記第1の熱源は、前記コンジット内であって前記酸素含有ガスインレットの下流で且つ前記液体改質可能燃料インレットの上流の位置に配置されること、
前記液体燃料改質器及び/又は前記液体燃料改質器の外部の水素改質油消費デバイスから発する熱を含む第2の熱源であって、前記第2の熱源は、前記コンジットと熱連通状態にあると共に前記液体改質可能燃料インレットの上流の前記第1の熱源の下流の位置にあること、
第3の熱源を備え、前記第3の熱源は、電気ヒーターを備えるものか、或いは燃料セルスタック及び/又は燃料セルユニットのアフターバーナーを備えるものかのいずれかであり、前記第3の熱源は、前記コンジット内であって前記第1の熱源及び第2の熱源の下流で且つ前記液体改質可能燃料インレットの上流に配置され、及び
気化器であって、前記気化器は、コンジット内であって前記液体改質可能燃料インレットの下流の又は前記液体改質可能燃料インレットを画定する位置に配置されること、を備える液体燃料改質器システム。 - 前記電気ヒーターは、電気抵抗ヒーターである請求項1に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記改質器と熱消散連通状態にある熱交換器を備える請求項1に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- コントローラであって、前記コントローラは、前記コンジット内であって前記気化器のアウトレットに又は前記気化器のアウトレットの下流に位置される熱電対と動作可能連通状態にあること、前記コンジット内であって前記気化器の上流に配置される熱電対、前記コンジット内であって前記気化器の上流に配置される酸素含有ガスフローメータ、前記液体改質可能燃料インレットに又は前記液体改質可能燃料インレットの上流に位置される液体改質可能燃料フローメータ、酸素含有ガス源、液体改質可能燃料源、前記第1の熱源、前記第2の熱源、及び前記第3の熱源を備える請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記水素改質油消費デバイスは、燃料セルユニットを備える請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記気化器は、液体燃料ラインを備え、前記液体燃料ラインは、前記気化器と液体燃料源との間に流体連通状態を提供する請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記コンジットに位置される前記液体燃料ラインの終端セクションは、燃料スプレッダーを備える請求項6に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記液体燃料ラインは、伝熱セクションを備え、前記液体燃料ラインの前記伝熱セクションは、前記第1の熱源、前記第2の熱源、及び前記第3の熱源の内の少なくとも一つと熱連通状態にあり且つ前記少なくとも一つに近接している請求項6又は7に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記気化器は、燃料スプレッダーを備える請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記燃料スプレッダーは、ウイック又はスプレーである請求項7又は9に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記液体燃料改質器は、オートサーマル改質器である請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記酸素含有ガスインレットは、水/スチームインレットで置換され且つ前記液体燃料改質器は、スチーム改質器である請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記第2の熱源は、前記気化器に近接し且つ前記気化器の上流に位置される請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 更に、前記コンジットに接続されたブランチコンジットを備える請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記ブランチコンジットは、前記コンジット内に配置される酸素含有ガスインレット及び前記コンジットに接続されると共に前記液体燃料気化ゾーンの下流に配置される酸素含有ガスアウトレットを備える請求項14に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
- 前記ブランチコンジットは、前記コンジットの外部に配置された酸素含有ガスインレット及び前記コンジットに接続されると共に前記液体燃料気化ゾーンの下流に配置される酸素含有ガスアウトレットを備える請求項14に記載の液体燃料改質器システム。
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