JP6160113B2 - Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery - Google Patents

Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery Download PDF

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JP6160113B2
JP6160113B2 JP2013029825A JP2013029825A JP6160113B2 JP 6160113 B2 JP6160113 B2 JP 6160113B2 JP 2013029825 A JP2013029825 A JP 2013029825A JP 2013029825 A JP2013029825 A JP 2013029825A JP 6160113 B2 JP6160113 B2 JP 6160113B2
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nonaqueous electrolyte
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boric acid
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battery
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JP2014160552A (en
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顕 岸本
顕 岸本
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GS Yuasa International Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

本発明は、添加剤を含む非水電解質を備える非水電解質二次電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an additive.

リチウムイオン二次電池に代表される非水電解質電池は、エネルギー密度が高いことから、携帯電話に代表されるモバイル機器用の電源として広く普及している。非水電解質電池は、今後、電力貯蔵用、電気自動車用及びハイブリッド自動車用等の用途への展開が見込まれている。   Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries typified by lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used as power supplies for mobile devices typified by mobile phones because of their high energy density. In the future, non-aqueous electrolyte batteries are expected to be used for power storage, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and the like.

近年、電気自動車、ハイブリッド自動車、プラグインハイブリッド自動車といった自動車分野に非水電解質電池を適用することが検討されており、一部、実用化している。これらの自動車用電池には、高いエネルギー密度が求められると共に、優れた充放電サイクル性能が求められている。即ち、電気自動車、ハイブリッド自動車、プラグインハイブリッドといった自動車に対して充電を行った場合、一定の走行可能距離が確保されることが期待される。一般に、非水電解質二次電池は、充放電を繰り返すと放電容量が徐々に低下するが、自動車に対して充電を繰り返した場合、放電容量の低下の程度が大きいと、走行可能距離が短くなる程度が大きいことを意味するから、次に充電が必要となる時期を予測することが困難となり、充電時期を逸して走行中に自動車が停止してしまう虞がある。   In recent years, application of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries to the automobile field such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and plug-in hybrid vehicles has been studied, and some have been put into practical use. These automobile batteries are required to have high energy density and excellent charge / discharge cycle performance. That is, when a vehicle such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid is charged, it is expected that a certain travelable distance is secured. In general, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries gradually decrease in discharge capacity when charging and discharging are repeated. However, when charging is repeated on an automobile, if the degree of decrease in discharge capacity is large, the travelable distance becomes shorter. This means that it is difficult to predict the next time when charging is required, and there is a risk that the car will stop while traveling because the charging time is missed.

特許文献1には、フッ素化合物を含有する電解液中にホウ素化合物を含有するリチウム電池(請求項1)、前記電解液中に脱水剤を含有するリチウム電池(請求項2)が記載され、ホウ素化合物として「例えばB、HBO、(CHO)B、(CO)B、(CHO)B−B等が使用できる。それらの中でも特にBが望ましい。」(段落0037)と記載され、脱水剤として「活性アルミナ、ゼオライト、硫酸ナトリウム、活性炭、シリカゲル、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム等が挙げられる。」(段落0040)と記載されている。また、「ホウ素化合物及び脱水剤を含有する電解液を用いる場合には、その効果はより一層顕著となる。」(段落0072)との記載がある。また、「実施例1」には、正極にLiCoOを用いた非水電解液リチウム二次電池の非水電解液として、EC/PC/DME(2/2/1)−1MLiPFに0.8wt%のBを添加したものを用いたことが具体的に記載され、「実施例3」には、正極にLiCoOを用いた非水電解液リチウム二次電池の非水電解液として、EC/PC/DME(2/2/1)−1MLiPFに0.8wt%のB及び脱水剤として5wt%の酸化マグネシウムを添加したものを用いたことが具体的に記載されている。また、「上記ホウ素化合物を電解液に含有させることにより、電界液中の含有水分により生成する酸性物質を大巾に減少することができ、これは電解液の劣化、電池容器の腐蝕による容器構成金属イオンに起因する負極の活性低下を防止する結果をもたらす。」(段落0039)、「これらの脱水剤を含ませることにより、電解質の水による分解を防止し、ひいては電解液の劣化、酸性物質の生成を抑えることが出来る。」(段落0041)との記載がある。 Patent Document 1 describes a lithium battery containing a boron compound in an electrolytic solution containing a fluorine compound (Claim 1), a lithium battery containing a dehydrating agent in the electrolytic solution (Claim 2), and boron. As the compound, “for example, B 2 O 3 , H 3 BO 3 , (CH 3 O) 3 B, (C 2 H 5 O) 3 B, (CH 3 O) 3 B—B 2 O 3, etc. can be used. Among them, B 2 O 3 is particularly desirable ”(paragraph 0037), and the dehydrating agent includes“ activated alumina, zeolite, sodium sulfate, activated carbon, silica gel, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, etc. ”(paragraph 0040). It is described. In addition, there is a description that “when an electrolytic solution containing a boron compound and a dehydrating agent is used, the effect becomes even more remarkable” (paragraph 0072). Further, in “Example 1”, EC / PC / DME (2/2/1) -1MLiPF 6 is used as a non-aqueous electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery using LiCoO 2 for the positive electrode. It is specifically described that 8 wt% B 2 O 3 added is used. In “Example 3”, a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery using LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode is used. Specifically, EC / PC / DME (2/2/1) -1MLiPF 6 with 0.8 wt% B 2 O 3 and 5 wt% magnesium oxide as a dehydrating agent was specifically described. ing. In addition, the inclusion of the boron compound in the electrolytic solution can greatly reduce the acidic substance produced by the water contained in the electrolysis solution. This is due to the deterioration of the electrolytic solution and the container structure due to the corrosion of the battery container. This results in preventing the negative electrode activity from being reduced due to metal ions ”(paragraph 0039),“ By including these dehydrating agents, the electrolyte is prevented from being decomposed by water, and thus the electrolyte is deteriorated, and the acidic substance. Can be suppressed ”(paragraph 0041).

特許文献2には、非水電解質二次電池の内部に、温度上昇により水を生成する物質を含むこと(請求項1)、温度上昇により水を生成する物質が非水電解質に含まれること(請求項3)、温度上昇により水を生成する物質がホウ酸であること(請求項7)が記載されている。また、「実施例1」には、LiNiOとHBOを含む正極ペーストをチタンの芯材に塗布し、95℃で乾燥、圧延して正極とした非水電解質二次電池が記載され、「実施例2」には、炭素材料とHBOを含む負極ペーストを銅の芯材に塗布し、95℃で乾燥、圧延して負極とした非水電解質二次電池が記載されている。なお、「非水電解質には、1モル/lの過塩素酸リチウムを溶解したエチレンカーボネートとジメトキシエタンの等比体積混合溶液を用いた。」(段落0013)との記載がある。 Patent Document 2 includes a substance that generates water by increasing the temperature inside the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery (Claim 1), and a substance that generates water by increasing temperature is included in the nonaqueous electrolyte ( (Claim 3), it is described that the substance which produces | generates water by a temperature rise is a boric acid (Claim 7). In addition, “Example 1” describes a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a positive electrode paste containing LiNiO 2 and H 3 BO 3 is applied to a titanium core, dried at 95 ° C., and rolled to form a positive electrode. “Example 2” describes a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a negative electrode paste containing a carbon material and H 3 BO 3 is applied to a copper core, dried at 95 ° C., and rolled to form a negative electrode. Yes. In addition, there is a description that “a non-aqueous electrolyte is an equal volume mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane in which 1 mol / l lithium perchlorate is dissolved” (paragraph 0013).

特許文献3には、「正極にリチウム含有マンガン酸化物を用いたリチウム二次電池において、前記正極は、電解液に溶解可能なホウ素化合物を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。」(請求項1)、「前記ホウ素化合物が、B、HBO、HBO、Hから選ばれる少なくとも1つ以上を含むホウ素化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のリチウム二次電池。」(請求項2)、「しかしながら、正極にLiMnを用い、電解液にLiPF等のハロゲン含有リチウム塩を用いた場合、前記リチウム塩が微量水分と反応し、フッ素化水素酸などのハロゲン化水素酸を発生する。このハロゲン化水素酸は、正極のLiMnを溶解し、負極の炭素表面にMnF等の抵抗の高い被膜を形成し、サイクル性能を低下させる原因となっていた。」(段落0003)、「ホウ素化合物を正極に添加する方法としては、正極活物質であるリチウム含有マンガン酸化物にHBOを混合してから電極を作成する方法が挙げられる。しかしながらHBOは、リチウムと反応する水素原子を多く含み、電池内において不可逆な副反応を起こす虞れがあるため、正極を100℃〜140℃、あるいはそれ以上の温度で熱処理を施すことが好ましい。前記熱処理によって、HBOはHBOやH等に変化するものと考えられる。」(段落0009)との記載がある。また、「実施例」には、スピネルマンガンとHBOを含むポリテトラフルオロエチレンシート電極を減圧下90〜300℃で40時間熱処理して得た正極を用い、EC/DEC(1/1)−1MLiPF電解液と組み合わせた電池を4.4Vで定電流定電圧充電した結果、ホウ素化合物無添加品と比べてサイクル寿命が優れたことが記載されている。また、減圧下90℃40時間熱処理により、正極中のHBOはHBOに変化していると推定されること(段落0033〜0034)が記載されている。 Patent Document 3 discloses “a lithium secondary battery using a lithium-containing manganese oxide as a positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode contains a boron compound that can be dissolved in an electrolytic solution” (claim). Item 1), “The boron compound is a boron compound containing at least one selected from B 2 O 3 , H 3 BO 3 , HBO 2 , and H 2 B 4 O 7. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 2 ”(Claim 2),“ However, when LiMn 2 O 4 is used for the positive electrode and a halogen-containing lithium salt such as LiPF 4 is used for the electrolyte, the lithium salt reacts with a trace amount of moisture. and, generating a hydrohalic acid such as hydrofluoric acid. the hydrohalic acid can be prepared by dissolving the LiMn 2 O 4 positive electrode, the form of the high resistance coating such as MnF 2 on the carbon surface of the negative electrode And has been a cause of reducing the cycle performance. "(Paragraph 0003), a method of adding a" boron compound cathode, a mixture of H 3 BO 3 in the lithium-containing manganese oxide as a positive electrode active material However, H 3 BO 3 contains many hydrogen atoms that react with lithium and may cause irreversible side reactions in the battery, so that the positive electrode is heated to 100 ° C. to 140 ° C. Alternatively, it is preferable to perform heat treatment at a temperature higher than that.It is considered that H 3 BO 3 is changed to HBO 2 , H 2 B 4 O 7, etc. by the heat treatment ”(paragraph 0009). . Further, in the “Example”, a positive electrode obtained by heat-treating a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet electrode containing spinel manganese and H 3 BO 3 at 90 to 300 ° C. for 40 hours under reduced pressure was used, and EC / DEC (1/1 ) As a result of charging a battery combined with -1MLiPF 6 electrolyte at a constant current and a constant voltage at 4.4 V, it is described that the cycle life is superior to that of a boron compound-free product. Further, it is described that it is estimated that H 3 BO 3 in the positive electrode is changed to H 3 BO 4 by heat treatment at 90 ° C. for 40 hours under reduced pressure (paragraphs 0033 to 0034).

特許文献4の要約書及び請求項1には、「電極の界面抵抗の増大を抑制し、電池にすぐれた負荷特性および低温特性を与え、さらに優れた寿命特性を与える非水電解液と、それを用いた寿命特性にすぐれた二次電池を提供すること」を目的として「式(1)で表わされるホウ酸エステルと、非水溶媒と電解質を含む非水電解液、及びそれを用いた二次電池」からなる発明が記載され、式(1)としてB(OR)(OR)(OR)が記載され、「R〜Rは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素、金属または有機基を示し、互いに結合していてもよい。」と記載されている。しかしながら、ホウ酸を用いることについては記載がない。また、特許文献4の実施例の欄には、LiCoOを正極に用いた非水電解液二次電池の特性を評価するにあたって、充電条件を4.2V定電圧又は4.1V定電圧としたことが記載されている。 The abstract of patent document 4 and claim 1 include: “a non-aqueous electrolyte that suppresses an increase in electrode interface resistance, gives the battery excellent load characteristics and low-temperature characteristics, and provides excellent life characteristics; For the purpose of “providing a secondary battery having excellent life characteristics using a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing a boric acid ester represented by the formula (1), a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte, and a battery using the same. The invention consisting of “secondary battery” is described, B (OR 1 ) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 ) is described as formula (1), and “R 1 to R 3 ” may be the same or different. , Represents a hydrogen, metal, or organic group, and may be bonded to each other. However, there is no description about using boric acid. Further, in the column of Examples of Patent Document 4, in order to evaluate the characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using LiCoO 2 for the positive electrode, and the charge condition and 4.2V constant voltage or 4.1V constant voltage It is described.

特開平9−139232号公報JP-A-9-139232 特開平11−191417号公報JP 11-191417 A 特開2001−257003号公報JP 2001-257003 A 特開2003−132946号公報JP 2003-132946 A

本発明者らは、予備試験として後述するように、非水電解質に添加する添加剤として各種ホウ酸化合物を検討したところ、ホウ酸を選択することにより、これを用いた非水電解質電池の充放電サイクル性能を顕著に向上できることを見出した。しかしながら、製造工程中に電池厚さが増加する(電池膨れが生じる)という問題があった。   As will be described later as a preliminary test, the present inventors have examined various boric acid compounds as additives to be added to the nonaqueous electrolyte, and by selecting boric acid, charging of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the boric acid compound is possible. It has been found that the discharge cycle performance can be significantly improved. However, there has been a problem that the battery thickness increases (battery expansion occurs) during the manufacturing process.

本発明は、正極、負極、並びに、ホウ酸及び表面細孔径が0.5nm以下のゼオライトが添加された非水電解質を備える非水電解質二次電池である。   The present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte to which boric acid and zeolite having a surface pore diameter of 0.5 nm or less are added.

このような構成によれば、製造時の電池の膨れを抑制し、充放電サイクル性能に優れた非水電解質二次電池を提供することができる。   According to such a configuration, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that suppresses the swelling of the battery during manufacture and has excellent charge / discharge cycle performance.

また、ホウ酸を選択することにより、他のホウ素化合物よりも優れた効果を奏するだけでなく、極めて安価な材料であるため、非水電解質電池を安価に提供できる。   Further, by selecting boric acid, not only has an effect superior to other boron compounds, but also a very inexpensive material, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be provided at low cost.

また、本発明は、正極、負極、並びに、ホウ酸及び表面細孔径が0.5nm以下のゼオライトを含有している非水電解質を備える非水電解質二次電池である。   The present invention also provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing boric acid and zeolite having a surface pore diameter of 0.5 nm or less.

即ち、後述するように、本発明者らは、ホウ酸が添加された非水電解質が含有するホウ酸の量は、該非水電解質を調整する際に添加したホウ酸の量に比べて減少することを見出した。また、0.5質量%以上のホウ酸が添加された非水電解質は、ホウ酸を含有していることを見出した。また、0.5質量%以上のホウ酸が添加された非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池は、優れた充放電サイクル性能を示すことを見出した。また、0.5質量%以上のホウ酸が添加された非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池が備える非水電解質は、ホウ酸を含有していることを見出した。   That is, as will be described later, the present inventors reduce the amount of boric acid contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte to which boric acid is added as compared with the amount of boric acid added when adjusting the nonaqueous electrolyte. I found out. Moreover, it discovered that the nonaqueous electrolyte to which 0.5 mass% or more boric acid was added contains boric acid. Moreover, it discovered that the nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte to which 0.5 mass% or more boric acid was added showed the outstanding charging / discharging cycling performance. Moreover, it discovered that the nonaqueous electrolyte with which the nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte to which the 0.5 mass% or more boric acid was added was equipped contains boric acid.

本発明によれば、製造時の電池の膨れを抑制し、充放電サイクル性能に優れた非水電解質二次電池を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the swelling of the battery at the time of manufacture can be suppressed and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery excellent in charging / discharging cycling performance can be provided.

予備試験に係る非水電解質電池の充放電サイクル性能を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging cycle performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on a preliminary test. 予備試験に係る非水電解質電池の充放電サイクル性能を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging cycle performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on a preliminary test. 実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解質電池の充放電サイクル性能を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging cycle performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on an Example and a comparative example. 実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解質電池の充放電サイクル性能を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging cycle performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on an Example and a comparative example.

本発明に係る非水電解質を調整する方法については、何ら限定されるものではない。例えば、PF -アニオンを含有する電解液にホウ酸を添加することによって得ることができる。前記ホウ酸は、化学式HBO又はB(OH)と表記され、試薬等として入手できる。なお、上記化学式のHの部分が炭化水素基であるホウ酸エステルは、ホウ酸に比べて効果が劣る。 The method for adjusting the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention is not limited at all. For example, PF 6 - can be obtained by adding boric acid to the electrolyte containing anions. The boric acid is represented by the chemical formula H 3 BO 3 or B (OH) 3 and can be obtained as a reagent or the like. In addition, the boric acid ester whose H part of the above chemical formula is a hydrocarbon group is inferior to boric acid.

PF -アニオンを含有する電解液に対してホウ酸を添加する場合、ホウ酸の添加量は、本発明の効果を十分に発揮させるため、0.2質量%以上が好ましく、0.5質量%以上がより好ましい。また、放電容量が低下する虞を低減するため、2質量%以下が好ましく、1.5質量%以下がより好ましい。 PF 6 - When adding boric acid based electrolyte containing anions, the addition amount of boric acid, in order to sufficiently exhibit the effect of the present invention, preferably at least 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt % Or more is more preferable. Moreover, 2 mass% or less is preferable and 1.5 mass% or less is more preferable in order to reduce the possibility that the discharge capacity will decrease.

ここで、ホウ酸を添加する前の電解液が含有するPF -アニオンの濃度、即ち、ホウ酸を添加する前の電解液に溶解させるLiPFの濃度は、0.1mol/l以上が好ましく、0.5mol/l以上がより好ましく、1.00mol/l以上が最も好ましい。また、2.0mol/l以下が好ましく、1.5mol/l以下がより好ましく、1.15mol/l以下が最も好ましい。 Here, PF 6 electrolyte contains prior to the addition of boric acid - concentration of anions, i.e., the concentration of LiPF 6 dissolved in the electrolyte solution before the addition of boric acid is preferably at least 0.1 mol / l 0.5 mol / l or more is more preferable, and 1.00 mol / l or more is most preferable. Moreover, 2.0 mol / l or less is preferable, 1.5 mol / l or less is more preferable, and 1.15 mol / l or less is the most preferable.

表面細孔径が0.5nm以下のゼオライトは、モレキュラー・シーブ3A(商品名)、モレキュラー・シーブ4A(商品名)、モレキュラー・シーブ5A(商品名)等として市販されているものを必要に応じて適宜粉砕して用いることができる。但し、モレキュラー・シーブ13X(商品名)は、表面細孔径が1.0nmであり、本発明の効果を奏さないので、使用することができない。   Zeolite with a surface pore size of 0.5 nm or less is commercially available as Molecular Sieve 3A (trade name), Molecular Sieve 4A (trade name), Molecular Sieve 5A (trade name), etc. as necessary. It can be used after being appropriately pulverized. However, molecular sieve 13X (trade name) cannot be used because the surface pore diameter is 1.0 nm and the effects of the present invention are not exhibited.

本発明に係る非水電解質に用いる正極活物質としては特に制限はなく、種々の材料を適宜使用できる。例えば、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が挙げられる。リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物としては、LiMn等で表されるスピネル型リチウムマンガン酸化物、LiNi1.5Mn05等で表されるスピネル型リチウムニッケルマンガン酸化物等に代表されるスピネル型結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物や、LiCoO、LiNiO、LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3、Li1.1Co2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6、等に代表されるα−NaFeO構造を有するLiMeO型(Meは遷移金属)リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が挙げられる。 There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a positive electrode active material used for the nonaqueous electrolyte which concerns on this invention, A various material can be used suitably. For example, lithium transition metal complex oxide is mentioned. Examples of the lithium transition metal composite oxide include spinel type lithium manganese oxide represented by LiMn 2 O 4 and the like, spinel type lithium nickel manganese oxide represented by LiNi 1.5 Mn 05 O 4 and the like. Lithium transition metal oxide having a spinel crystal structure, LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , Li 1.1 Co 2/3 Ni 1/6 Mn 1/6 Examples include LiMeO 2 type (Me is a transition metal) lithium transition metal composite oxide having an α-NaFeO 2 structure typified by O 2 and the like.

また、Li1+αMe1−α(α>0)と表記可能ないわゆる「リチウム過剰型」リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いてもよい。ここで、Li/Me比は1.25〜1.6が好ましい。なお、Li/Me比をβとすると、β=(1+α)/(1−α)であるから、例えば、Li/Meが1.5のとき、α=0.2である。前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を構成する遷移金属元素を構成するCo、Ni及びMn等の元素の比率は、求められる特性に応じて任意に選択することができるが、放電容量が大きく、初期充放電効率が優れた非水電解質二次電池を得ることができるという点で、遷移金属元素Meに対するCoのモル比Co/Meは、0.02〜0.23が好ましく、0.04〜0.21がより好ましく、0.06〜0.17が最も好ましい。また、放電容量が大きく、初期充放電効率が優れた非水電解質二次電池を得ることができるという点で、遷移金属元素Meに対するMnのモル比Mn/Meは0.63〜0.72が好ましく、0.65〜0.71がより好ましい。 Alternatively, a so-called “lithium-excess” lithium transition metal composite oxide that can be expressed as Li 1 + α Me 1-α O 2 (α> 0) may be used. Here, the Li / Me ratio is preferably 1.25 to 1.6. If the Li / Me ratio is β, β = (1 + α) / (1−α). For example, when Li / Me is 1.5, α = 0.2. The ratio of elements such as Co, Ni and Mn constituting the transition metal element constituting the lithium transition metal composite oxide can be arbitrarily selected according to the required characteristics, but the discharge capacity is large and the initial charge is high. The molar ratio Co / Me of Co to the transition metal element Me is preferably 0.02 to 0.23 in that a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent discharge efficiency can be obtained. 21 is more preferable, and 0.06 to 0.17 is most preferable. Moreover, the molar ratio Mn / Me of the Mn to the transition metal element Me is 0.63 to 0.72 in that a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a large discharge capacity and excellent initial charge / discharge efficiency can be obtained. Preferably, 0.65 to 0.71 is more preferable.

本発明に係る非水電解質二次電池に用いる非水電解質は、限定されるものではなく、一般にリチウム電池等への使用が提案されているものが使用可能である。非水電解質に用いる非水溶媒としては、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、クロロエチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート等の環状炭酸エステル類;γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン等の環状エステル類;ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート等の鎖状カーボネート類;ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、酪酸メチル等の鎖状エステル類;テトラヒドロフランまたはその誘導体;1,3−ジオキサン、1,4−ジオキサン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、1,4−ジブトキシエタン、メチルジグライム等のエーテル類;アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等のニトリル類;ジオキソランまたはその誘導体;エチレンスルフィド、スルホラン、スルトンまたはその誘導体等の単独またはそれら2種以上の混合物等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。   The nonaqueous electrolyte used for the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is not limited, and those generally proposed for use in lithium batteries and the like can be used. Nonaqueous solvents used for the nonaqueous electrolyte include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate; cyclic esters such as γ-butyrolactone and γ-valerolactone; dimethyl carbonate, Chain carbonates such as diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; chain esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and methyl butyrate; tetrahydrofuran or derivatives thereof; 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxy Ethers such as ethane, 1,4-dibutoxyethane and methyldiglyme; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; Dioxolane or derivatives thereof; Ethylene sulfide, sulfolane, sultone or derivatives thereof Examples thereof include a conductor alone or a mixture of two or more thereof, but are not limited thereto.

ここで、前記非水溶媒が、エチレンカーボネート等の環状カーボネートと、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート等の鎖状カーボネートとを含有する場合、環状カーボネートと鎖状カーボネートとの合計体積中に占める環状カーボネートの体積比率は、10体積%以上が好ましく、20体積%以上がより好ましい。また、40体積%以下が好ましく、30体積%以下がより好ましい。   Here, when the non-aqueous solvent contains a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate and a chain carbonate such as ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, the cyclic carbonate occupies the total volume of the cyclic carbonate and the chain carbonate. The volume ratio is preferably 10% by volume or more, and more preferably 20% by volume or more. Moreover, 40 volume% or less is preferable and 30 volume% or less is more preferable.

非水電解質に用いる電解質塩としては、例えば、LiClO4,LiBF4,LiAsF6,LiPF6,LiSCN,LiBr,LiI,Li2SO4,Li210Cl10,NaClO4,NaI,NaSCN,NaBr,KClO4,KSCN等のリチウム(Li)、ナトリウム(Na)またはカリウム(K)の1種を含む無機イオン塩、LiCF3SO3,LiN(CF3SO22,LiN(C25SO22,LiN(CF3SO2)(C49SO2),LiC(CF3SO23,LiC(C25SO23,(CH34NBF4,(CH34NBr,(C254NClO4,(C254NI,(C374NBr,(n−C494、NClO4,(n−C494NI,(C254N−maleate,(C254N−benzoate,(C254N−phtalate、ステアリルスルホン酸リチウム、オクチルスルホン酸リチウム、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸リチウム等の有機イオン塩等が挙げられ、これらのイオン性化合物を単独、あるいは2種類以上混合して用いることが可能である。 Examples of the electrolyte salt used for the nonaqueous electrolyte include LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiSCN, LiBr, LiI, Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 , NaClO 4 , NaI, NaSCN, NaBr. , KClO 4 , KSCN, and other inorganic ion salts containing one of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or potassium (K), LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ), LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 , (CH 3 ) 4 NBF 4 , ( CH 3 ) 4 NBr, (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NClO 4 , (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NI, (C 3 H 7 ) 4 NBr, (n-C 4 H 9 ) 4 , NClO 4 , (n− C 4 H 9) 4 NI, (C 2 H 5) 4 N-ma eate, (C 2 H 5) 4 N-benzoate, (C 2 H 5) 4 N-phtalate, lithium stearyl sulfonate, lithium octyl sulfonate, organic ion salts of lithium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and the like. These These ionic compounds can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

また、非水電解質として常温溶融塩やイオン液体を用いてもよい。   Moreover, you may use normal temperature molten salt and an ionic liquid as a nonaqueous electrolyte.

負極材料としては、限定されるものではなく、リチウムイオンを析出あるいは吸蔵することのできる形態のものであればどれを選択してもよい。例えば、Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]Oに代表されるスピネル型結晶構造を有するチタン酸リチウム等のチタン系材料、SiやSb,Sn系などの合金系材料リチウム金属、リチウム合金(リチウム−シリコン、リチウム−アルミニウム,リチウム−鉛,リチウム−スズ,リチウム−アルミニウム−スズ,リチウム−ガリウム,及びウッド合金等のリチウム金属含有合金)、リチウム複合酸化物(リチウム−チタン)、酸化珪素の他、リチウムを吸蔵・放出可能な合金、炭素材料(例えばグラファイト、ハードカーボン、低温焼成炭素、非晶質カーボン等)等が挙げられる。 The negative electrode material is not limited, and any negative electrode material that can deposit or occlude lithium ions may be selected. For example, titanium-based materials such as lithium titanate having a spinel crystal structure represented by Li [Li 1/3 Ti 5/3 ] O 4 , alloy-based materials such as Si, Sb, and Sn-based lithium metal, lithium alloys (Lithium metal-containing alloys such as lithium-silicon, lithium-aluminum, lithium-lead, lithium-tin, lithium-aluminum-tin, lithium-gallium, and wood alloys), lithium composite oxide (lithium-titanium), silicon oxide In addition, an alloy capable of inserting and extracting lithium, a carbon material (for example, graphite, hard carbon, low-temperature fired carbon, amorphous carbon, etc.) can be used.

正極活物質の粉体および負極材料の粉体は、平均粒子サイズ100μm以下であることが望ましい。特に、正極活物質の粉体は、非水電解質電池の高出力特性を向上する目的で10μm以下であることが望ましい。粉体を所定の形状で得るためには粉砕機や分級機が用いられる。例えば乳鉢、ボールミル、サンドミル、振動ボールミル、遊星ボールミル、ジェットミル、カウンタージェトミル、旋回気流型ジェットミルや篩等が用いられる。粉砕時には水、あるいはヘキサン等の有機溶剤を共存させた湿式粉砕を用いることもできる。分級方法としては、特に限定はなく、篩や風力分級機などが、乾式、湿式ともに必要に応じて用いられる。   It is desirable that the positive electrode active material powder and the negative electrode material powder have an average particle size of 100 μm or less. In particular, the positive electrode active material powder is desirably 10 μm or less for the purpose of improving the high output characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery. In order to obtain the powder in a predetermined shape, a pulverizer or a classifier is used. For example, a mortar, a ball mill, a sand mill, a vibrating ball mill, a planetary ball mill, a jet mill, a counter jet mill, a swirling air flow type jet mill or a sieve is used. At the time of pulverization, wet pulverization in the presence of water or an organic solvent such as hexane may be used. There is no particular limitation on the classification method, and a sieve, an air classifier, or the like is used as needed for both dry and wet methods.

以上、正極及び負極の主要構成成分である正極活物質及び負極材料について詳述したが、前記正極及び負極には、前記主要構成成分の他に、導電剤、結着剤、増粘剤、フィラー等が、他の構成成分として含有されてもよい。   The positive electrode active material and the negative electrode material, which are the main components of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, have been described in detail above. In addition to the main components, the positive electrode and the negative electrode include a conductive agent, a binder, a thickener, and a filler. Etc. may be contained as other constituents.

導電剤としては、電池性能に悪影響を及ぼさない電子伝導性材料であれば限定されないが、通常、天然黒鉛(鱗状黒鉛,鱗片状黒鉛,土状黒鉛等)、人造黒鉛、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、カーボンウイスカー、炭素繊維、金属(銅,ニッケル,アルミニウム,銀,金等)粉、金属繊維、導電性セラミックス材料等の導電性材料を1種またはそれらの混合物として含ませることができる。   The conductive agent is not limited as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not adversely affect the battery performance. Usually, natural graphite (such as scaly graphite, scaly graphite, earthy graphite), artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Conductive materials such as ketjen black, carbon whisker, carbon fiber, metal (copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, gold, etc.) powder, metal fiber, and conductive ceramic material can be included as one kind or a mixture thereof. .

これらの中で、導電剤としては、電子伝導性及び塗工性の観点よりアセチレンブラックが望ましい。導電剤の添加量は、正極または負極の総重量に対して0.1重量%〜50重量%が好ましく、特に0.5重量%〜30重量%が好ましい。特にアセチレンブラックを0.1〜0.5μmの超微粒子に粉砕して用いると必要炭素量を削減できるため望ましい。これらの混合方法は、物理的な混合であり、その理想とするところは均一混合である。そのため、V型混合機、S型混合機、擂かい機、ボールミル、遊星ボールミルといったような粉体混合機を乾式、あるいは湿式で混合することが可能である。   Among these, as the conductive agent, acetylene black is desirable from the viewpoints of electron conductivity and coatability. The addition amount of the conductive agent is preferably 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.5% by weight to 30% by weight with respect to the total weight of the positive electrode or the negative electrode. In particular, it is desirable to use acetylene black by pulverizing into ultrafine particles of 0.1 to 0.5 μm because the required carbon amount can be reduced. These mixing methods are physical mixing, and the ideal is uniform mixing. Therefore, powder mixers such as V-type mixers, S-type mixers, crackers, ball mills, and planetary ball mills can be mixed dry or wet.

前記結着剤としては、通常、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE),ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF),ポリエチレン,ポリプロピレン等の熱可塑性樹脂、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンターポリマー(EPDM),スルホン化EPDM,スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、フッ素ゴム等のゴム弾性を有するポリマーを1種または2種以上の混合物として用いることができる。結着剤の添加量は、正極または負極の総重量に対して1〜50重量%が好ましく、特に2〜30重量%が好ましい。   Examples of the binder include thermoplastic resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyethylene, and polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, and styrene butadiene. Polymers having rubber elasticity such as rubber (SBR) and fluororubber can be used as one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds. The addition amount of the binder is preferably 1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

フィラーとしては、電池性能に悪影響を及ぼさない材料であれば何でも良い。通常、ポリプロピレン,ポリエチレン等のオレフィン系ポリマー、無定形シリカ、アルミナ、ゼオライト、ガラス、炭素等が用いられる。フィラーの添加量は、正極または負極の総重量に対して添加量は30重量%以下が好ましい。   As the filler, any material that does not adversely affect the battery performance may be used. Usually, olefin polymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene, amorphous silica, alumina, zeolite, glass, carbon and the like are used. The addition amount of the filler is preferably 30% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

正極及び負極は、前記主要構成成分(正極においては正極活物質、負極においては負極材料)、およびその他の材料を混練し合剤とし、N−メチルピロリドン,トルエン等の有機溶媒又は水に混合させた後、得られた混合液を下記に詳述する集電体の上に塗布し、または圧着して50℃〜250℃程度の温度で、2時間程度加熱処理することにより好適に作製される。前記塗布方法については、例えば、アプリケーターロールなどのローラーコーティング、スクリーンコーティング、ドクターブレード方式、スピンコーティング、バーコータ等の手段を用いて任意の厚さ及び任意の形状に塗布することが望ましいが、これらに限定されるものではない。   The positive electrode and the negative electrode are prepared by mixing the main constituents (positive electrode active material in the positive electrode, negative electrode material in the negative electrode) and other materials into a mixture and mixing with an organic solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or toluene or water. After that, the obtained liquid mixture is applied on a current collector described in detail below, or pressed and heat-treated at a temperature of about 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. for about 2 hours. . About the application method, for example, it is desirable to apply to any thickness and any shape using means such as roller coating such as applicator roll, screen coating, doctor blade method, spin coating, bar coater, etc. It is not limited.

セパレータとしては、優れた高率放電性能を示す多孔膜や不織布等を、単独あるいは併用することが好ましい。非水電解質電池用セパレータを構成する材料としては、例えばポリエチレン,ポリプロピレン等に代表されるポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート,ポリブチレンテレフタレート等に代表されるポリエステル系樹脂、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−パーフルオロビニルエーテル共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−トリフルオロエチレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−フルオロエチレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロアセトン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−エチレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−プロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−トリフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体等を挙げることができる。   As the separator, it is preferable to use a porous film or a non-woven fabric exhibiting excellent high rate discharge performance alone or in combination. Examples of the material constituting the separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery include polyolefin resins typified by polyethylene and polypropylene, polyester resins typified by polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and vinylidene fluoride-hexa. Fluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-perfluorovinyl ether copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-fluoroethylene copolymer, fluorine Vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoroacetone copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-ethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-propylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-trifluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride - tetrafluoroethylene - hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride - ethylene - can be mentioned tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.

セパレータの空孔率は強度の観点から98体積%以下が好ましい。また、充放電特性の観点から空孔率は20体積%以上が好ましい。   The porosity of the separator is preferably 98% by volume or less from the viewpoint of strength. Further, the porosity is preferably 20% by volume or more from the viewpoint of charge / discharge characteristics.

また、セパレータは、例えばアクリロニトリル、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド、メチルメタアクリレート、ビニルアセテート、ビニルピロリドン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等のポリマーと電解質とで構成されるポリマーゲルを用いてもよい。非水電解質を上記のようにゲル状態で用いると、漏液を防止する効果がある点で好ましい。   The separator may be a polymer gel composed of a polymer such as acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, and an electrolyte. Use of the non-aqueous electrolyte in the gel state as described above is preferable in that it has an effect of preventing leakage.

さらに、セパレータは、上述したような多孔膜や不織布等とポリマーゲルを併用して用いると、電解質の保液性が向上するため望ましい。即ち、ポリエチレン微孔膜の表面及び微孔壁面に厚さ数μm以下の親溶媒性ポリマーを被覆したフィルムを形成し、前記フィルムの微孔内に電解質を保持させることで、前記親溶媒性ポリマーがゲル化する。   Furthermore, it is desirable that the separator be used in combination with the above-described porous film, non-woven fabric, or the like and a polymer gel because the liquid retention of the electrolyte is improved. That is, by forming a film in which the surface of the polyethylene microporous membrane and the microporous wall are coated with a solvophilic polymer having a thickness of several μm or less, and holding the electrolyte in the micropores of the film, Gels.

前記親溶媒性ポリマーとしては、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの他、エチレンオキシド基やエステル基等を有するアクリレートモノマー、エポキシモノマー、イソシアナート基を有するモノマー等が架橋したポリマー等が挙げられる。該モノマーは、ラジカル開始剤を併用して加熱や紫外線(UV)を用いたり、電子線(EB)等の活性光線等を用いて架橋反応を行わせることが可能である。   Examples of the solvophilic polymer include polyvinylidene fluoride, an acrylate monomer having an ethylene oxide group or an ester group, an epoxy monomer, a polymer having a monomer having an isocyanate group, and the like crosslinked. The monomer can be subjected to a crosslinking reaction using a radical initiator in combination with heating or ultraviolet rays (UV), or using an actinic ray such as an electron beam (EB).

非水電解質二次電池の構成については特に限定されるものではなく、正極、負極及びロール状のセパレータを有する円筒型電池、角型電池、扁平型電池等が一例として挙げられる。   The configuration of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a roll separator, a square battery, and a flat battery.

(予備試験)
本発明者らが行った予備試験の内容を次に示す。
(Preliminary test)
The contents of the preliminary test conducted by the present inventors are as follows.

(正極活物質の作製)
硝酸コバルト、硝酸ニッケル及び硝酸マンガンを、Co:Ni:Mnの原子比が1:1:1の割合で含む水溶液に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて共沈させ、大気中110℃で加熱、乾燥して、Co、Ni及びMnを含む共沈前駆体を作製した。前記共沈前駆体に水酸化リチウムを加え、瑪瑙製自動乳鉢を用いてよく混合し、Li:(Co,Ni,Mn)のモル比が102:100である混合粉体を調製した。これをアルミナ製匣鉢に充填し、電気炉を用いて100℃/hで1000℃まで昇温し、1000℃にて、5時間、大気雰囲気下で焼成することにより、組成式LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を作製し、これを正極活物質として用いた。窒素吸着法により測定したBET比表面積は1.0m/gであり、レーザ回折散乱法粒子径分布測定装置を用いたD50の値は12.1μmであった。このようにして、正極活物質を作製した。
(Preparation of positive electrode active material)
A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added to an aqueous solution containing cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate and manganese nitrate at a Co: Ni: Mn atomic ratio of 1: 1: 1 and coprecipitated, and heated and dried at 110 ° C. in the air. Thus, a coprecipitation precursor containing Co, Ni and Mn was prepared. Lithium hydroxide was added to the coprecipitation precursor and mixed well using a smoked automatic mortar to prepare a mixed powder having a Li: (Co, Ni, Mn) molar ratio of 102: 100. This is filled in an alumina sagger, heated to 1000 ° C. at 100 ° C./h using an electric furnace, and calcined at 1000 ° C. for 5 hours in the air atmosphere, whereby the composition formula LiCo 1/3 A lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 was produced and used as a positive electrode active material. The BET specific surface area measured by the nitrogen adsorption method was 1.0 m 2 / g, and the value of D50 using a laser diffraction scattering method particle size distribution measuring device was 12.1 μm. In this way, a positive electrode active material was produced.

(正極板の作製)
前記正極活物質、アセチレンブラック(AB)及びポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を質量比93:3:4の割合(固形分換算)で含有し、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤とする正極ペーストを作製し、厚さ15μmの帯状のアルミニウム箔集電体の両面に塗布した。該正極をローラープレス機により加圧成型して正極活物質層を成型した後、150℃で14時間減圧乾燥して、極板中の水分を除去した。このようにして正極板を作製した。
(Preparation of positive electrode plate)
A positive electrode paste containing the positive electrode active material, acetylene black (AB) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) in a mass ratio of 93: 3: 4 (in terms of solid content) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. It produced and apply | coated on both surfaces of the 15-micrometer-thick strip | belt-shaped aluminum foil electrical power collector. The positive electrode was pressure-molded with a roller press to form a positive electrode active material layer, and then dried under reduced pressure at 150 ° C. for 14 hours to remove moisture in the electrode plate. In this way, a positive electrode plate was produced.

(負極板の作製)
黒鉛、スチレン−ブタジエン・ゴム(SBR)及びカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)を質量比97:2:1の割合(固形分換算)で含有し、水を溶剤とする負極ペーストを作製し、厚さ10μmの帯状の銅箔集電体の両面に塗布した。該負極をローラープレス機により加圧成型して負極活物質層を成型した後、25℃(室温)で14時間減圧乾燥して、極板中の水分を除去した。このようにして負極板を作製した。
(Preparation of negative electrode plate)
A negative electrode paste containing graphite, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a mass ratio of 97: 2: 1 (in terms of solid content) and using water as a solvent was prepared, and the thickness was 10 μm. It apply | coated to both surfaces of a strip | belt-shaped copper foil collector. The negative electrode was pressure-molded with a roller press to form a negative electrode active material layer, and then dried under reduced pressure at 25 ° C. (room temperature) for 14 hours to remove moisture in the electrode plate. In this way, a negative electrode plate was produced.

(非水電解質1)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を非水電解質1とする。
(Nonaqueous electrolyte 1)
An electrolyte solution in which LiPF 6 is dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 is referred to as nonaqueous electrolyte 1.

(非水電解質2)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%のホウ酸を添加して溶解させた。これを非水電解質2とする。
(Nonaqueous electrolyte 2)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. .5% by weight boric acid was added and dissolved. This is designated as non-aqueous electrolyte 2.

(非水電解質3)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%のリチウムビスオキサレートボラート(LiBOB)を添加して溶解させた。これを非水電解質3とする。
(Nonaqueous electrolyte 3)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. .5 mass% lithium bisoxalate borate (LiBOB) was added and dissolved. This is designated as non-aqueous electrolyte 3.

(非水電解質4)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%の(化1)で示されるボロキシン環化合物(TiPBx)を添加して溶解させた。これを非水電解質4とする。
(Nonaqueous electrolyte 4)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 5% by mass of a boroxine ring compound (TiPBx) represented by (Chemical Formula 1) was added and dissolved. This is designated as non-aqueous electrolyte 4.

(非水電解質5)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%のホウ酸トリブチル(TBB)を添加して溶解させた。これを非水電解質5とする。
(Nonaqueous electrolyte 5)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. .5% by weight tributyl borate (TBB) was added and dissolved. This is designated as non-aqueous electrolyte 5.

(非水電解質6)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%のホウ酸トリプロピル(TPB)を添加して溶解させた。これを非水電解質6とする。
(Nonaqueous electrolyte 6)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 5% by mass of tripropyl borate (TPB) was added and dissolved. This is designated as non-aqueous electrolyte 6.

(非水電解質7)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%のホウ酸トリス(トリメチルシリル)(TMSB)を添加して溶解させた。これを非水電解質7とする。
(Nonaqueous electrolyte 7)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 5% by weight of tris (trimethylsilyl) borate (TMSB) was added and dissolved. This is designated as non-aqueous electrolyte 7.

上記非水電解質1〜7をそれぞれ用いて、次の手順にて非水電解質二次電池を作製した。   Using each of the nonaqueous electrolytes 1 to 7, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by the following procedure.

(非水電解質二次電池の作製)
<組立工程>
ポリエチレン製微多孔膜からなるセパレータを介して前記正極板と前記負極板を積層し、扁平形状に巻回して発電要素を作製し、アルミニウム製の角型電槽缶に収納し、正負極端子を取り付けた。この容器内部に非水電解質を注入したのちに封口した。電槽缶の外形寸法は、49.3mm(高さ)×33.7mm(幅)×5.17mm(厚さ)である。このようにして非水電解質電池を組み立てた。
(Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery)
<Assembly process>
The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are laminated through a separator made of a polyethylene microporous membrane, wound in a flat shape to produce a power generation element, housed in an aluminum square battery case, and positive and negative electrode terminals Attached. The container was sealed after injecting a nonaqueous electrolyte into the container. The outer dimensions of the battery case can are 49.3 mm (height) × 33.7 mm (width) × 5.17 mm (thickness). In this way, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was assembled.

<初期充放電工程>
次に、25℃にて、2サイクルの初期充放電工程に供した。電圧制御は、全て、正負極端子間電圧に対して行った。1サイクル目の充電は、電流0.2CmA、電圧4.35V、8時間の定電流定電圧充電とし、放電は、電流0.2CmA、終止電圧2.75Vの定電流放電とした。2サイクル目の充電は、電流1.0CmA、電圧4.35V、3時間の定電流定電圧充電とし、放電は、電流1.0CmA、終止電圧2.75Vの定電流放電とした。全てのサイクルにおいて、充電後及び放電後に、10分の休止時間を設定した。このようにして、非水電解質電池を作製した。
<Initial charge / discharge process>
Next, it was subjected to an initial charge / discharge process of 2 cycles at 25 ° C. All voltage control was performed on the voltage between the positive and negative terminals. Charging in the first cycle was constant current constant voltage charging with a current of 0.2 CmA and a voltage of 4.35 V for 8 hours, and discharging was constant current discharging with a current of 0.2 CmA and a final voltage of 2.75 V. The second cycle charge was a constant current constant voltage charge with a current of 1.0 CmA and a voltage of 4.35 V for 3 hours, and the discharge was a constant current discharge with a current of 1.0 CmA and a final voltage of 2.75 V. In all cycles, a 10 minute rest period was set after charging and discharging. In this way, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced.

<充放電サイクル試験(条件1)>
作製した非水電解質二次電池について、充放電サイクル試験を行い、放電容量の推移を調べた。電圧制御は、全て、正負極端子間電圧に対して行った。充電は、電流1.0CmA、電圧4.20V、3時間の定電流定電圧充電とし、放電は、電流1.0CmA、終止電圧2.75Vの定電流放電とした。全てのサイクルにおいて、充電後及び放電後に、10分の休止時間を設定した。ここで、正負極端子間電圧が4.20Vであるとき、正極電位は4.30V(vs.Li/Li)であることがわかっている。この結果を図1に示す。
<Charge / discharge cycle test (condition 1)>
About the produced nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the charging / discharging cycle test was done and the transition of discharge capacity was investigated. All voltage control was performed on the voltage between the positive and negative terminals. Charging was performed at a constant current and constant voltage with a current of 1.0 CmA and a voltage of 4.20 V for 3 hours, and discharging was performed at a constant current of 1.0 CmA and a final voltage of 2.75 V. In all cycles, a 10 minute rest period was set after charging and discharging. Here, it is known that when the voltage between the positive and negative terminals is 4.20 V, the positive electrode potential is 4.30 V (vs. Li / Li + ). The result is shown in FIG.

上記「条件1」を採用した充放電サイクル試験の結果からわかるように、各種ホウ素化合物を添加した非水電解質を用いた非水電解質二次電池のうち、ホウ酸を添加した「非水電解質2」を用いた場合、及び、TiPBxを添加した「非水電解質4」を用いた場合において、特に優れる結果が得られた。このうち、ホウ酸は、TiPBxに比べて極めて安価な材料であるので、ホウ酸を用いることで、充放電サイクル性能に優れる非水電解質電池を低コストで提供できることがわかる。   As can be seen from the results of the charge / discharge cycle test employing the above “Condition 1”, among the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries using non-aqueous electrolytes to which various boron compounds are added, “non-aqueous electrolyte 2 to which boric acid is added” is shown. ”And when“ Nonaqueous Electrolyte 4 ”added with TiPBx was used, particularly excellent results were obtained. Of these, boric acid is an extremely inexpensive material compared to TiPBx, and therefore it can be seen that by using boric acid, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery excellent in charge / discharge cycle performance can be provided at low cost.

<充放電サイクル試験(条件2)>
作製した非水電解質二次電池について、条件を変更して充放電サイクル試験を行い、放電容量の推移を調べた。電圧制御は、全て、正負極端子間電圧に対して行った。充電は、電流1.0CmA、電圧4.35V、3時間の定電流定電圧充電とし、放電は、電流1.0CmA、終止電圧2.75Vの定電流放電とした。全てのサイクルにおいて、充電後及び放電後に、10分の休止時間を設定した。ここで、正負極端子間電圧が4.35Vであるとき、正極電位は4.45V(vs.Li/Li)であることがわかっている。この結果を表1に示す。表中、「×」印は、充放電サイクル経過に伴う放電容量の低下が著しいため、150サイクルに達する前に試験を終了させたことを示す。
<Charge / discharge cycle test (Condition 2)>
About the produced nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the conditions were changed and the charging / discharging cycle test was done, and transition of the discharge capacity was investigated. All voltage control was performed on the voltage between the positive and negative terminals. Charging was performed at a constant current and constant voltage with a current of 1.0 CmA and a voltage of 4.35 V for 3 hours, and discharging was performed at a constant current of 1.0 CmA and a final voltage of 2.75 V. In all cycles, a 10 minute rest period was set after charging and discharging. Here, it is known that when the voltage between the positive and negative terminals is 4.35 V, the positive electrode potential is 4.45 V (vs. Li / Li + ). The results are shown in Table 1. In the table, “x” marks indicate that the test was terminated before reaching 150 cycles because the discharge capacity significantly decreased with the progress of the charge / discharge cycles.

上記「条件2」を採用した充放電サイクル試験の結果からわかるように、各種ホウ素化合物を添加した非水電解質を用いた非水電解質二次電池のうち、ホウ酸を添加した「非水電解質2」を用いた場合のみ、際立って優れる結果が得られた。   As can be seen from the results of the charge / discharge cycle test employing the above “Condition 2”, among the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries using the nonaqueous electrolyte to which various boron compounds are added, “nonaqueous electrolyte 2 to which boric acid is added” is shown. Only when "" was used, outstanding results were obtained.

次に、ホウ酸の好適な添加量について検討した。上記非水電解質2に準じ、エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒にLiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液に対するホウ酸の添加量を0質量%、0.1質量%、0.2質量%、0.5質量%、1.0質量%、1.5質量%とした非水電解質をそれぞれ準備し、同様の手順で非水電解質電池を作製し、上記「条件2」を採用した充放電サイクル試験を最大250サイクルまで行った。この結果、初期充放電効率はホウ酸の添加量が0質量%では88.9%、0.1質量%では90.8%、0.2質量%では92.4%、0.5質量%では91.5%、1.0質量%では88.8%、1.5質量%では82.7%であった。充放電サイクル性能は、図2に示すように、ホウ酸の添加量が0質量%、0.1質量%、0.2質量%、0.5質量%と増えるにしたがって向上し、0.5〜1.0質量%のとき最も良好であり、1.5質量%では再び低下した。以上の結果から、ホウ酸の添加量は、0.1質量%以上が好ましく、0.2質量%以上がより好ましく、0.5質量%以上が最も好ましい。また、1.5質量%以下が好ましく、1.0質量%以下がより好ましい。 Next, the suitable addition amount of boric acid was examined. The amount of boric acid added to the electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 according to the nonaqueous electrolyte 2 described above. Prepared non-aqueous electrolytes with 0% by mass, 0.1% by mass, 0.2% by mass, 0.5% by mass, 1.0% by mass, and 1.5% by mass, respectively. An electrolyte battery was prepared, and a charge / discharge cycle test employing the above “condition 2” was performed up to 250 cycles. As a result, the initial charge / discharge efficiency was 88.9% when the addition amount of boric acid was 0% by mass, 90.8% at 0.1% by mass, 92.4% at 0.2% by mass, and 0.5% by mass. Was 91.5%, 1.0% by mass was 88.8%, and 1.5% by mass was 82.7%. As shown in FIG. 2, the charge / discharge cycle performance is improved as the amount of boric acid added increases to 0 mass%, 0.1 mass%, 0.2 mass%, and 0.5 mass%. It was the best when it was -1.0% by mass, and decreased again at 1.5% by mass. From the above results, the amount of boric acid added is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and most preferably 0.5% by mass or more. Moreover, 1.5 mass% or less is preferable and 1.0 mass% or less is more preferable.

(非水電解質の分析)
上記の、エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒にLiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液に対してホウ酸を0.2質量%添加した非水電解質(試料1)、同じく0.5質量%添加した非水電解質(試料2)及びこれを用いて作製し上記初期充放電を終了した段階の非水電解質電池を解体して発電要素から遠心分離により取り出した非水電解質(試料3)、並びに、同じく1.5質量%添加した非水電解質(試料4)及びこれを用いて作製し上記初期充放電を終了した段階の非水電解質電池を解体して発電要素から遠心分離により取り出した非水電解質(試料5)について、イオンクロマトグラフィー分析を行った。その結果、PF の濃度は、試料2及び試料3では0.9mol/l、試料4及び試料5では0.6mol/lであった。また、ホウ酸の濃度は、試料2及び試料3では0.01mol/l(0.05質量%)、試料4では0.05mol/l(0.25質量%)、試料5では0.03mol/l(0.15質量%)であった。試料1からはホウ酸は検出されなかった。
(Analysis of non-aqueous electrolyte)
The boric acid is 0.2% by mass with respect to the electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 is dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in the above mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7. Electric power is generated by disassembling the added nonaqueous electrolyte (sample 1), the nonaqueous electrolyte added with 0.5% by mass (sample 2), and the nonaqueous electrolyte battery at the stage where the initial charge / discharge is completed. The non-aqueous electrolyte (sample 3) taken out from the element by centrifugation, the non-aqueous electrolyte added with 1.5% by mass (sample 4), and the non-aqueous electrolyte at the stage where the initial charge / discharge was completed using this An ion chromatography analysis was performed on the nonaqueous electrolyte (sample 5) that was disassembled from the electrolyte battery and removed from the power generation element by centrifugation. As a result, the concentration of PF 6 was 0.9 mol / l for sample 2 and sample 3, and 0.6 mol / l for sample 4 and sample 5. The concentrations of boric acid were 0.01 mol / l (0.05 mass%) for sample 2 and sample 3, 0.05 mol / l (0.25 mass%) for sample 4, and 0.03 mol / l for sample 5. l (0.15% by mass). No boric acid was detected from Sample 1.

上記イオンクロマトグラフィー分析において、PF の定量に用いたカラム及び検出器は次の通りである。
日本ダイオネクス社製IonPac AS16(4×250mm)+プレカラムAG16
溶離液:35mmol/lKOH水溶液
液量:1.0ml/ml
検出器:電気伝導度
In the ion chromatography analysis, the columns and detectors used for the determination of PF 6 are as follows.
IonPac AS16 (4x250mm) + Precolumn AG16 manufactured by Nippon Dionex
Eluent: 35 mmol / l KOH aqueous solution Volume: 1.0 ml / ml
Detector: Electrical conductivity

上記イオンクロマトグラフィー分析において、ホウ酸の定量に用いたカラム及び検出器は次の通りであり、検出限界値は0.001mol/lである。なお、分析にあたっては、試料を水で希釈して測定に供しているから、カラムが検出するイオン種はBO 3−である。
日本ダイオネクス社製IonPac ICE−AS1(9×250mm)
溶離液:1.0mol/lオクタンスルホン酸+2%2−プロパノール水溶液
液量:0.8ml/ml
検出器:電気伝導度
In the ion chromatography analysis, the columns and detectors used for boric acid quantification are as follows, and the detection limit is 0.001 mol / l. In the analysis, since the sample is diluted with water for measurement, the ion species detected by the column is BO 3 3- .
IonPac ICE-AS1 (9x250mm) manufactured by Nippon Dionex
Eluent: 1.0 mol / l octanesulfonic acid + 2% aqueous 2-propanol solution Volume: 0.8 ml / ml
Detector: Electrical conductivity

以上の結果から、電解液に添加したホウ酸は一部が他の化合物に変化していることが示唆される。また、非水溶媒に1.0mol/lのLiPFを溶解させた電解液に対してホウ酸を0.5質量%以上添加された非水電解質は、0.01mol/l以上のホウ酸と、0.9mol/l以下のLiPFを含有していることがわかる。また、これを用いて作製した非水電解質電池が備える非水電解質についても同様に含有していることがわかる。 From the above results, it is suggested that a part of boric acid added to the electrolytic solution is changed to another compound. Further, a non-aqueous electrolyte in which 0.5% by mass or more of boric acid is added to an electrolytic solution in which 1.0 mol / l LiPF 6 is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent is 0.01 mol / l or more boric acid. It can be seen that it contains 0.9 mol / l or less of LiPF 6 . Moreover, it turns out that it contains similarly about the nonaqueous electrolyte with which the nonaqueous electrolyte battery produced using this is equipped.

前記正極ペーストに、正極活物質に対して1質量%のホウ酸を添加した。この正極ペーストを用い、ホウ酸を添加していない「非水電解質1」を用いたことを除いては上記予備試験と同様の処方により非水電解質電池を作製し、上記「条件1」を採用した充放電サイクル試験を実施した。その結果、上記予備試験においてホウ酸を添加した非水電解質を用いた全ての非水電解質電池に比べて、種々の温度条件下における放電容量の低下及び内部抵抗の増加がみられ、有利な効果は何ら認められなかった。また、評価試験実施後の電池を解体して非水電解質を取り出してイオンクロマトグラフィー分析を行ったところ、ホウ酸は検出されなかった。上記処方によって正極ペーストから電池内に取り込まれたホウ酸の量は、仮に同量が非水電解質に添加されて注液されるとすると、1.2質量%のホウ酸を添加した電解液を用いた場合に相当する。このことから、ホウ酸を正極ペーストに添加した場合は、非水電解質の製造工程中に別の化合物に変化し、非水電解質中にホウ酸として含有されることはなく、また、本発明の効果も奏さないことがわかった。また、ホウ酸を添加した正極ペーストは、混練後、ほんの数時間放置するだけで正極活物質が凝集してしまい、このような正極ペーストを用いると、生じた凝集体により塗工時に塗りむらが生じ、生産性が大きく劣るものであった。   1% by mass of boric acid was added to the positive electrode paste with respect to the positive electrode active material. Using this positive electrode paste, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was prepared according to the same formulation as the preliminary test except that “non-aqueous electrolyte 1” to which boric acid was not added was used, and “condition 1” was adopted. The charge / discharge cycle test was performed. As a result, compared to all non-aqueous electrolyte batteries using non-aqueous electrolyte to which boric acid was added in the preliminary test, a decrease in discharge capacity and an increase in internal resistance were observed under various temperature conditions. Was not recognized at all. Further, when the battery after the evaluation test was disassembled and the nonaqueous electrolyte was taken out and subjected to ion chromatography analysis, boric acid was not detected. Assuming that the amount of boric acid taken into the battery from the positive electrode paste by the above formulation is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte and injected, the electrolyte containing 1.2% by mass of boric acid is added. It corresponds to the case of using. From this, when boric acid is added to the positive electrode paste, it is changed to another compound during the manufacturing process of the nonaqueous electrolyte, and is not contained as boric acid in the nonaqueous electrolyte. It turns out that there is no effect either. In addition, the positive electrode paste to which boric acid is added causes the positive electrode active material to agglomerate only by leaving it for a few hours after kneading. If such a positive electrode paste is used, the resulting aggregate may cause uneven coating during coating. The productivity was greatly inferior.

(比較例1)
ホウ酸を添加していない上記「非水電解質1」を比較例1に係る非水電解質とした。
(Comparative Example 1)
The above “nonaqueous electrolyte 1” to which no boric acid was added was used as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 1.

(比較例2)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%のホウ酸(ナカライテスク社製、純度99.5%以上)を加え、撹拌混合した。これを比較例2に係る非水電解質とした。
(Comparative Example 2)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of boric acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, purity 99.5% or more) was added and mixed with stirring. This was used as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 2.

(比較例3)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、水澤化学工業社製「モレキュラーシーブ4A(商品名)(粉末、粒径10μm以下、表面の細孔の孔径0.4nm)」を350℃で12h減圧乾燥したものを用いた。これを比較例3に係る非水電解質とした。
(Comparative Example 3)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added and mixed with stirring. Here, the zeolite powder used is a product obtained by drying “Molecular sieve 4A (trade name) (powder, particle size: 10 μm or less, pore diameter of surface pore: 0.4 nm)” manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd. at 350 ° C. for 12 hours under reduced pressure. It was. This was used as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 3.

(実施例1)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、水澤化学工業社製「モレキュラーシーブ3A(商品名)(粉末、粒径10μm以下、表面の細孔の孔径0.3nm)」を350℃で12h減圧乾燥したものを用いた。これを実施例1に係る非水電解質とした。
Example 1
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and mixed with stirring. Here, the zeolite powder used is a product obtained by drying “Molecular sieve 3A (trade name) (powder, particle size: 10 μm or less, pore diameter of surface pore: 0.3 nm)” manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd. at 350 ° C. for 12 hours under reduced pressure. It was. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 1.

(実施例2)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、水澤化学工業社製「モレキュラーシーブ3A(商品名)(粉末、粒径10μm以下、表面の細孔の孔径0.3nm)」を350℃で12h減圧乾燥したものを用いた。これを実施例2に係る非水電解質とした。
(Example 2)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. .5% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and stirred and mixed. Here, the zeolite powder used is a product obtained by drying “Molecular sieve 3A (trade name) (powder, particle size: 10 μm or less, pore diameter of surface pore: 0.3 nm)” manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd. at 350 ° C. for 12 hours under reduced pressure. It was. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 2.

(実施例3)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、水澤化学工業社製「モレキュラーシーブ4A(商品名)(粉末、粒径10μm以下、表面の細孔の孔径0.4nm)」を350℃で12h減圧乾燥したものを用いた。これを実施例3に係る非水電解質とした。
(Example 3)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and mixed with stirring. Here, the zeolite powder used is a product obtained by drying “Molecular sieve 4A (trade name) (powder, particle size: 10 μm or less, pore diameter of surface pore: 0.4 nm)” manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd. at 350 ° C. for 12 hours under reduced pressure. It was. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 3.

(実施例4)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、ナカライテスク社製「モレキュラーシーブ5A(商品名)(円筒状、直径3.2mm、表面の細孔の孔径0.5nm)」を乳鉢で粉砕し、篩にかけて直径40μm以下の粉末とした後、350℃で12h減圧乾燥したものを用いた。これを実施例4に係る非水電解質とした。
Example 4
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and mixed with stirring. Here, the zeolite powder is obtained by pulverizing “Molecular sieve 5A (trade name) (cylindrical, diameter 3.2 mm, pore diameter of surface pore 0.5 nm)” manufactured by Nacalai Tesque in a mortar and passing through a sieve. And then dried under reduced pressure at 350 ° C. for 12 hours. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 4.

(比較例4)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、ナカライテスク社製「モレキュラーシーブ13X(商品名)(円筒状、直径3.2mm、表面の細孔の孔径1.0nm)」を乳鉢で粉砕し、篩にかけて直径40μm以下の粉末とした後、350℃で12h減圧乾燥したものを用いた。これを比較例4に係る非水電解質とした。
(Comparative Example 4)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and mixed with stirring. Here, the zeolite powder was obtained by pulverizing “Molecular sieve 13X (trade name) (cylindrical, diameter 3.2 mm, surface pore diameter 1.0 nm)” manufactured by Nacalai Tesque in a mortar and passing through a sieve. And then dried under reduced pressure at 350 ° C. for 12 hours. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 4.

実施例1〜実施例4及び比較例1〜4に係る非水電解質をそれぞれ用いたことを除いては、上記予備試験と同様にして、発電要素を角形電槽に収納し、非水電解質を注入した。次いで、充電方向に0.2CmAの電流を90分間通電した。このとき、通電後の端子間の閉回路電圧は約3.8Vにまで至る。通電後、1時間静置してから、封口した。このようにして、非水電解質電池を組み立てた。   Except that each of the nonaqueous electrolytes according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was used, the power generation element was housed in a rectangular battery case in the same manner as the preliminary test, and the nonaqueous electrolyte was Injected. Next, a current of 0.2 CmA was applied for 90 minutes in the charging direction. At this time, the closed circuit voltage between the energized terminals reaches about 3.8V. After energization, it was allowed to stand for 1 hour and then sealed. In this way, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was assembled.

<初期充放電工程>
組み立てたこれらの非水電解質電池は、25℃にて、2サイクルの初期充放電工程に供した。電圧制御は、全て、正負極端子間電圧に対して行った。1サイクル目の充電は、電流0.2CmA、電圧4.35V、8時間の定電流定電圧充電とし、放電は、電流0.2CmA、終止電圧2.75Vの定電流放電とした。2サイクル目の充電は、電流1.0CmA、電圧4.35V、3時間の定電流定電圧充電とし、放電は、電流1.0CmA、終止電圧2.75Vの定電流放電とした。全てのサイクルにおいて、充電後及び放電後に、10分の休止時間を設定した。
<Initial charge / discharge process>
These assembled nonaqueous electrolyte batteries were subjected to an initial charge / discharge process of 2 cycles at 25 ° C. All voltage control was performed on the voltage between the positive and negative terminals. Charging in the first cycle was constant current constant voltage charging with a current of 0.2 CmA and a voltage of 4.35 V for 8 hours, and discharging was constant current discharging with a current of 0.2 CmA and a final voltage of 2.75 V. The second cycle charge was a constant current constant voltage charge with a current of 1.0 CmA and a voltage of 4.35 V for 3 hours, and the discharge was a constant current discharge with a current of 1.0 CmA and a final voltage of 2.75 V. In all cycles, a 10 minute rest period was set after charging and discharging.

初期充放電工程における1サイクル目(0.2C)と2サイクル目(1C)の放電容量を記録し、正極活物質の単位質量あたりの容量(mAh/g)を算出した。   The discharge capacity at the first cycle (0.2C) and the second cycle (1C) in the initial charge / discharge process was recorded, and the capacity per unit mass (mAh / g) of the positive electrode active material was calculated.

全ての実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解質電池について、非水電解質を注入・通電・静置後封口して組立てた段階、及び、上記初期充放電を終えた段階において、電池の厚さをノギスで測定し、電槽缶に発電要素を収納した時点の電槽缶の厚さ(5.17mm)に対する増加分(mm)を記録した。   For the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to all the examples and comparative examples, the thickness of the battery was determined at the stage where the nonaqueous electrolyte was assembled by sealing after injection, energization, and standing, and at the stage where the initial charge / discharge was completed. Measured with a caliper, the increment (mm) relative to the thickness (5.17 mm) of the battery case at the time when the power generation element was stored in the battery case was recorded.

以上の結果を表2に示した。   The above results are shown in Table 2.

表2から次のことがわかる。電池膨れについて比較例1〜3の結果を比べると、組立後及び初期充放電工程後のいずれの段階においても、ホウ酸又はゼオライトのいずれか一方を添加した比較例2、3に係る非水電解質を用いると、いずれも添加していない比較例1に係る非水電解質を用いた場合に比べて悪化した。これに対して、ホウ酸及びゼオライトを併用して添加した実施例1〜4及び比較例4に係る非水電解質を用いると、電池膨れが抑制された。   Table 2 shows the following. Comparing the results of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 with respect to battery swelling, the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Examples 2 and 3 to which either one of boric acid or zeolite was added at any stage after assembly and after the initial charge / discharge process. As compared with the case of using the non-aqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 1 in which none was added, the deterioration occurred. On the other hand, when the nonaqueous electrolytes according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 to which boric acid and zeolite were added in combination were used, battery swelling was suppressed.

上記実施例の結果から、放電末状態である組立後から、端子間電圧が3.8V(このとき正極電位は3.9V(vs.Li/Li)である)にしか至っていない組立後の段階において、電池膨れを抑制できるという本発明の効果が奏されることがわかる。 From the results of the above examples, after assembling in the end-of-discharge state, the voltage between terminals has reached only 3.8 V (at this time the positive electrode potential is only 3.9 V (vs. Li / Li + )). It can be seen that the effect of the present invention that the battery swelling can be suppressed in the stage.

次に、実施例1〜4及び比較例4に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池について、上記「条件2」を採用した充放電サイクル試験を行った。この結果を図3に示す。図3からわかるように、表面細孔径が1.0nmであるゼオライトを用いた比較例4に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池は、充放電サイクル性能が著しく劣るものであり、ホウ酸を添加した非水電解質を用いることによる充放電サイクル性能向上効果が失われてしまうことがわかった。一方、表面細孔径が0.3〜0.5nmであるゼオライトを用いた実施例1〜4に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池は、ゼオライトを添加しない比較例2に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池に比べて、同等又はそれ以上の充放電サイクル性能を示した。   Next, the charge / discharge cycle test which employ | adopted the said "condition 2" was done about the nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte which concerns on Examples 1-4 and the comparative example 4. FIG. The result is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 4 using zeolite having a surface pore diameter of 1.0 nm is remarkably inferior in charge / discharge cycle performance. It was found that the effect of improving the charge / discharge cycle performance was lost by using the non-aqueous electrolyte added with. On the other hand, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Examples 1 to 4 using a zeolite having a surface pore diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 nm is the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 2 in which no zeolite is added. Compared with the non-aqueous electrolyte battery using, the charge / discharge cycle performance was equal to or higher.

上記実施例1〜4では、ゼオライトを350℃で12h減圧乾燥して用いたが、本発明者は、次に、ゼオライトを乾燥させずにそのまま用いることを試みた。   In the above Examples 1 to 4, the zeolite was dried under reduced pressure at 350 ° C. for 12 hours, but the present inventor next tried to use the zeolite as it was without drying.

(実施例11)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、水澤化学工業社製「モレキュラーシーブ3A(商品名)(粉末、粒径10μm以下、表面の細孔の孔径0.3nm)」を乾燥させずにそのまま用いた。これを実施例11に係る非水電解質とした。
(Example 11)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and mixed with stirring. Here, as the zeolite powder, “Molecular sieve 3A (trade name) (powder, particle size of 10 μm or less, pore diameter of surface pore 0.3 nm)” manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as it was without drying. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 11.

(実施例12)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに0.5質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、水澤化学工業社製「モレキュラーシーブ3A(商品名)(粉末、粒径10μm以下、表面の細孔の孔径0.3nm)」を乾燥させずにそのまま用いた。これを実施例12に係る非水電解質とした。
(Example 12)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. .5% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and stirred and mixed. Here, as the zeolite powder, “Molecular sieve 3A (trade name) (powder, particle size of 10 μm or less, pore diameter of surface pore 0.3 nm)” manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as it was without drying. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 12.

(実施例13)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、水澤化学工業社製「モレキュラーシーブ4A(商品名)(粉末、粒径10μm以下、表面の細孔の孔径0.4nm)」を乾燥させずにそのまま用いた。これを実施例13に係る非水電解質とした。
(Example 13)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and mixed with stirring. Here, as the zeolite powder, “Molecular sieve 4A (trade name) (powder, particle size of 10 μm or less, pore diameter of surface pore: 0.4 nm)” manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as it was without drying. This was designated as the non-aqueous electrolyte according to Example 13.

(実施例14)
エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7の割合で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPFを1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を作製し、前記電解液に対して、さらに1.0質量%の前記ホウ酸を加え、軽く撹拌し、次いで、この溶液の質量に対して2.0質量%のゼオライト粉末を添加し、撹拌混合した。ここで、ゼオライト粉末は、ナカライテスク社製「モレキュラーシーブ5A(商品名)(円筒状、直径3.2mm、表面の細孔の孔径0.5nm)」を乳鉢で粉砕し、篩にかけて直径40μm以下の粉末とし、これを乾燥させずにそのまま用いた。これを実施例14に係る非水電解質とした。
(Example 14)
An electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 was prepared. 0.0% by mass of the boric acid was added and stirred gently, and then 2.0% by mass of zeolite powder was added to the mass of the solution and mixed with stirring. Here, the zeolite powder is obtained by pulverizing “Molecular sieve 5A (trade name) (cylindrical, diameter 3.2 mm, pore diameter of surface pore 0.5 nm)” manufactured by Nacalai Tesque in a mortar and passing through a sieve. This powder was used as it was without being dried. This was designated as the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 14.

実施例11〜14に係る非水電解質を用い、上記実施例と同様の条件及び同様の工程を経て、上記「条件2」を採用した充放電サイクル試験を行った。この結果を図4に示す。比較のため、ゼオライトを併用しない上記比較例2に係るデータも併せて示した。図4からわかるように、ゼオライトを乾燥せずにそのまま用いた実施例11〜14に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池は、いずれも優れた充放電サイクル性能を示した。このうち、ホウ酸を1質量%添加し、表面細孔径が0.4〜0.5nmであるゼオライトを乾燥せずにそのまま添加した実施例13、14に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池は、表面細孔径が0.3〜0.5nmであるゼオライトを乾燥して用いたことを除いてはそれぞれ同様の処方で作製した実施例1〜4に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池や、ゼオライトを添加しない比較例2に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池に比べると、充放電サイクル性能が低いものであった。一方、表面細孔径が0.3nmであるゼオライトを乾燥せずにそのまま添加した実施例11、12に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池は、ゼオライトを添加しない比較例2に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池と同等の充放電サイクル性能を示した。なかでも、ホウ酸を0.5質量%添加し、表面細孔径が0.3nmであるゼオライトを乾燥せずにそのまま添加した実施例12に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池は、ゼオライトを乾燥して用いたことを除いては同様の処方で作製した実施例2に係る非水電解質を用いた非水電解質電池に比べて、むしろ優れるともいえる充放電サイクル性能を示した。このことから、表面細孔径が0.4nm未満であるゼオライトを用いることで、ゼオライトの乾燥工程を省くことができるので、本発明の非水電解質電池の製造コストを大幅に低減できる。   Using the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Examples 11 to 14, the charge / discharge cycle test employing the above “Condition 2” was performed through the same conditions and the same steps as in the above Examples. The result is shown in FIG. For comparison, data related to Comparative Example 2 in which no zeolite is used are also shown. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries using the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Examples 11 to 14 using the zeolite as it was without drying showed excellent charge / discharge cycle performance. Among these, the nonaqueous electrolyte using the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Examples 13 and 14 in which 1% by mass of boric acid was added and the zeolite having a surface pore diameter of 0.4 to 0.5 nm was added as it was without drying. The batteries were non-aqueous using the non-aqueous electrolytes according to Examples 1 to 4 prepared in the same manner except that the zeolite having a surface pore size of 0.3 to 0.5 nm was dried and used. Compared to the electrolyte battery and the nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 2 to which no zeolite was added, the charge / discharge cycle performance was low. On the other hand, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Examples 11 and 12 in which the zeolite having a surface pore diameter of 0.3 nm was added as it was without drying was the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Comparative Example 2 in which no zeolite was added. Charge / discharge cycle performance equivalent to that of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery using an electrolyte was exhibited. Among them, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte according to Example 12 in which 0.5% by mass of boric acid was added and the zeolite having a surface pore diameter of 0.3 nm was added as it was without drying was a zeolite. Compared to the non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte according to Example 2 produced by the same formulation except that was used after being dried, the charge / discharge cycle performance which can be said to be rather excellent was shown. Therefore, by using zeolite having a surface pore diameter of less than 0.4 nm, the zeolite drying step can be omitted, so that the manufacturing cost of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention can be greatly reduced.

Claims (1)

正極、負極、並びに、ホウ酸及び表面細孔径が0.5nm以下のゼオライトが添加され、PF アニオンを含む非水電解質を備え、前記ホウ酸の添加量が0.2質量%以上2質量%以下であり、製造時の電池の膨れが抑制された非水電解質二次電池。 A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and, boric acid and the surface pore size is added the following zeolites 0.5 nm, PF 6 - provided with a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an anionic, 2 weight addition amount is more than 0.2 mass% of the boric acid % Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which swelling of the battery during production is suppressed.
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