JP6110138B2 - 皮膚障害防護治療剤 - Google Patents
皮膚障害防護治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6110138B2 JP6110138B2 JP2012288405A JP2012288405A JP6110138B2 JP 6110138 B2 JP6110138 B2 JP 6110138B2 JP 2012288405 A JP2012288405 A JP 2012288405A JP 2012288405 A JP2012288405 A JP 2012288405A JP 6110138 B2 JP6110138 B2 JP 6110138B2
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- CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn+2] CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、要約すると、以下の特徴を有する。
(1) 14-デヒドロエルゴステロール(14-DHE)を有効成分として含有する、皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(2) 有効成分としての14-DHEを含有する麹菌発酵エキスを含有する、皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(3) アスタキサンチンをさらに含有する、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(4) 麹菌発酵エキスが、穀類植物種子由来の材料を黒麹菌又は白麹菌で発酵させて得られる14-DHE含有発酵エキスである、上記(2)に記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(5) 麹菌発酵エキスが、麹菌発酵物をエタノールで抽出することを含む方法で得られるものである、上記(2)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(6) 14-DHEが、0.0001重量%以上100重量%未満の量で含有する、上記(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(7) 皮膚炎症を防護又は治療する作用を有する、上記(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(8) 経口投与剤型又は皮膚投与剤型である、上記(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤。
(9) 上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有する医薬組成物。
(10) 上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有する食品添加物。
(11) 上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有するサプリメント。
(12) 上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤又は上記(10)に記載の食品添加物を皮膚障害防護治療有効量で含有する飲食品。
(13) 上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有する動物飼料添加物若しくは動物飼料。
(14) 上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有する化粧組成物。
本明細書で使用する用語は、以下の定義を包含する。
「皮膚障害防護治療」とは、ヒトを含む哺乳動物における皮膚障害の防護又は治療を意味し、主要な皮膚障害には、疾病としての紫外線や放射線照射による急性、慢性の皮膚炎症、皮膚障害、皮膚肥厚化に加えて、日常的にみられる肌荒れ、日焼け、角質化などの皮膚障害が含まれる。
「哺乳動物」とは、ヒトを含む哺乳動物を指し、ヒト以外の動物の例は、皮膚障害を起こし易い動物、例えばイヌ、ネコ、げっ歯類、ウサギ目などのペット動物、ウシ、ウマ、ブタなどの家畜である。このような動物には、皮膚障害や疾患の治療中の動物に加えて、皮膚障害予防中の健常動物、専門医の治療を必要としない程度の軽い皮膚障害をもつ動物などが含まれる。
1.皮膚障害防護治療剤
本発明は、14-デヒドロエルゴステロール(14-DHE)を有効成分として含有する、皮膚障害防護治療剤を提供する。
14-DHEは、例えば麹菌による穀類植物由来材料発酵物から得ることができる。
(構造式)
(1)分子量:394.32275(高分解能APCI-Orbitrap法による観測値:m/z 395.33057(M+H)+)
(2)分子式:C28H42O(精密分子量:394.323565)
(3)溶剤に対する溶解性:水に不溶、エタノールに難溶、クロロホルムに易溶
(4)紫外部吸収スペクトル(MeCN):391nm
(5) 1H-NMR(CD3OD)ppm: 6.15 (1H, m), 5.75 (1H, m), 5.65 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 5.9 Hz), 5.27 (1H, dd, J = 7.0, 15.1 Hz), 5.21 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 15.1 Hz), 3.64 (1H, m), 2.51 (1H, ddd, J = 2.2, 5.1, 10.6 Hz), 2.30 (1H, m), 2.20 (1H, m), 2.20 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 7.8 Hz), 2.06 (1H, m), 2.05 (1H, m), 1.94 (1H, m), 1.90 (1H, m), 1.87 (2H, m), 1.87 (1H, ddd, J = 3.2, 7.0, 7.3 Hz), 1.71 (1H, m), 1.59 (1H, m), 1.57 (1H, m), 1.45 (1H, m), 1.45 (1H, ddd, J = 3.2, 6.3, 6.5 Hz), 1.30 (1H, m), 1.05 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz ), 0.93 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 0.92 (3H, s,), 0.89 (3H, s), 0.85 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz), 0.83 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz).
(6) 13C-NMR(CD3OD)ppm:149.2 (s), 143.0 (s), 135.4 (s), 132.2 (s), 132.0 (s), 120.5 (s), 120.4 (s), 117.4 (s), 70.4 (s), 58.1 (s), 46.3 (s), 45.4 (s), 42.8 (s), 41.0 (s), 39.0 (s), 38.9 (s), 37.8 (s), 37.0 (s), 36.0 (s), 33.1 (s), 32.0 (s), 21.1 (s), 19.9 (s), 19.7 (s), 19.6 (s), 17.6 (s), 16.8 (s), 14.5 (s).
本発明はさらに、本発明の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有する医薬組成物を提供する。
本発明はさらに、上記の本発明の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有する、食品添加物、動物飼料添加物、又はサプリメントを提供する。
本発明はさらに、本発明の皮膚障害防護治療剤又は食品添加物を皮膚障害防護治療有効量で含有する飲食品を提供する。
本発明はさらに、皮膚障害防護治療剤又は動物飼料添加物を皮膚障害防護治療有効量で含有する動物飼料を提供する。
本発明はさらに、本発明の皮膚障害防護治療剤を有効量で含有する化粧組成物を提供する。
この実施例では、14-DHEを含有する様な麹菌発酵物由来の抽出エキスについて、紫外線照射皮膚障害モデルに対して、強制経口投与によるin vivoでの効果を検討した。
(1)麹菌醗酵エキスの調製
小麦フスマに黒麹菌を生やした醗酵物(秋田今野商店の黒麹マイルドを麹蓋1cm盛りで加水して72時間培養したもの)を凍結乾燥して、ミキサーにて細粉した。細粉した醗酵物1g当たり6mLになるようエタノール(Wako)を添加し、超音波処理(SHIBATA)を37℃で15分間施した。超音波処理後、3,000rpm、10分間遠心処理をした上清をメンブレン濾過して回収した。残渣にエタノールによる超音波抽出を加え、抽出作業を計3回行った。回収したエタノール抽出物をエバポレーターにて乾固したものを14-DHEを含有する麹菌醗酵エキスサンプルとした。なお、麹菌発酵エキスサンプル1mgあたりに1μgの14-DHEが含まれることを確認した。
へアレスマウス(HOS:HR-1,4週齢,雄)に、(1)で調製した麹エキスサンプルをコーン油で10mg/mLに希釈したものを麹菌醗酵エキス投与液とし、100μL(1mg/匹/day、1μg 14-DHE相当)を2週間胃内投与した(1群7匹)。最終投与の翌日に紫外線の単回照射(UV-B、線量90mJ/cm2相当)を行った。光源にはSAN-EIのUVF-204Sを用いた。照射日を基準として3日目における皮膚水分量をCorneometer CM825(Courage & Khazaka)、皮膚水分蒸散量をTewameter TM300(Courage & Khazaka)、および紅斑値をMexameter MX18(Courage & Khazaka)にて測定し、MPA5(Courage & Khazaka)で解析した。その後、マウスを安楽死させて、背部試験部位皮膚を摘出した。皮膚の一部は10%中性ホルマリン緩衝液にて固定を行い、パラフィン切片を作製し、H&E染色を行った。また、残りの一部はLysis緩衝液にて組織溶解液を作製し、その上清のサイトカインを測定した。ELISAキットはMouse TNF-α Ready-SET-Go!(eBioscience)、Mouse IL-6 Ready-SET-Go!(eBioscience)を用いた。また、コーン油のみを投与した対照群(5匹)とコーン油のみを投与しかつ紫外線照射を行わない非照射群(5匹)を設けた。
図1に示すように、一般的に皮膚にUV-Bが照射されると水分量の低下、水分蒸散量の上昇、および紅斑値の上昇が誘導されることが報告されているが、麹菌醗酵エキスを摂取することで皮膚水分量の低下、皮膚水分蒸散量の上昇、および紅斑値の上昇を有意に抑制した。
麹菌発酵物から単離精製した14-DHEについて、紫外線照射皮膚障害モデルに対して、混餌投与によるin vivoでの効果を検討した。
(1)14-DHEの単離精製
Aspergillus kawachii (NBRC4308株)を600mLスケールで前培養(malt extract broth, 25℃, 120rpm)した。続いて、600mLの前培養液4本を、200L培養槽を用いて100Lのジャーファーメンターで250rpm、25±1℃で10日間培養した。菌体を回収し、イソプロパノールで抽出した後、シリカゲルカラムで粗精製を行ない、ODSカラムにて精製して14-DHEを得た。エバポレーターにて乾固したものを14-DHEサンプルとした。Develosil C30-UG-3 (4.6mm i.d. ×150mm, 3μm) を備えた分析用HPLC 島津LC10-ADVP(移動相A: アセトニトリル(99), 移動相B: 2-プロパノール(1), 流速: 1.0 mL/min, カラム温度: 40℃, UV波長320nm)において、14-DHEが保持時間12.23分にシングルピークとして検出されることを確認した。
へアレスマウス(HOS:HR-1,4週齢,雄)に、(1)で調製した14-DHEサンプルを予め2週間混餌(10μg/匹/day 相当)にて自由に摂取させた(1群6匹)。最終投与の翌日に紫外線の単回照射(UV-B、線量90mJ/cm2相当)を行い、照射日を基準として3日目における皮膚水分量、皮膚水分蒸散量、および紅斑値を測定した。その後、マウスを安楽死させて、背部試験部位皮膚を摘出した。皮膚の一部は10%中性ホルマリン緩衝液にて固定を行い、パラフィン切片を作製しH&E染色を行った。また、被験物質を摂取させない対照群(6匹)、被験物質を摂取させずかつ紫外線照射を行わない非照射群(6匹)を設けた。
図4に示すように、一般的に皮膚にUV-Bが照射されると水分量の低下、水分蒸散量の上昇、および紅斑値の上昇が誘導されることが報告されているが、14-DHEを混餌摂取させることで皮膚水分量の低下および水分蒸散量の上昇、および紅斑値の上昇を抑制する傾向にあった。
図5に示すように、14-DHEを混餌摂取させることでUV-B照射による表皮部分の肥厚化を有意に抑制した。
単離精製した14-DHEについて、紫外線照射皮膚障害モデルに対して、皮膚への直接塗布によるin vivoでの効果を検討した。化粧料成分として高い効果があるとされるアスタキサンチンおよび14-DHE類似抗炎症性物質のエルゴステロールと比較検討を行なった。
(1)14-DHE塗布による、皮膚障害防護作用
実験には日本SLC社より購入したヘアレスマウス(HOS:HR-1,5週齢,雌)を用いた。
実施例2で調製した14-DHEサンプルをエタノールで1mg/mLに調製し、50μL(50μg/匹/day相当)をヘアレスマウスの背部試験部位皮膚(8cm2)に1日1回、7日間の塗布を行った。アスタキサンチン(Wako)およびエルゴステロール(Wako)についても同濃度で行なった。最終塗布の翌日に紫外線の単回照射(UV-B、線量90mJ/cm2相当)を行い、照射3日後に皮膚水分量、皮膚水分蒸散量、および紅斑値を測定した。その後、マウスを安楽死させて、背部試験部位皮膚を摘出した。皮膚は10 %中性ホルマリン緩衝液にて固定を行い、パラフィン切片を作製し、H&E染色を行った(1群7匹)。エタノールのみを塗布した対照群(5匹)、エタノールのみを塗布しかつ紫外線照射を行わない非照射群(7匹)、比較対照のアスタキサンチン塗布群(7匹)、および14-DHE類似抗炎症性物質のエルゴステロール塗布群(6匹)を設けた。
実験には日本SLC社より購入したヘアレスマウス(HOS:HR-1,5週齢,雌)を用いた。
実施例2で調製した14-DHEサンプルをエタノールで1mg/mLに調製し、50 μL(50 μg/匹/day 相当)をヘアレスマウスの背部試験部位皮膚(8cm2)に1日1回、7日間の塗布を行った。アスタキサンチンおよびエルゴステロールについても同濃度で行なった。最終塗布の翌日に紫外線の単回照射(UV-B、線量90mJ/cm2相当)を行い、照射1日後にマウスを安楽死させて、背部試験部位皮膚を摘出した。皮膚は一部10%中性ホルマリン緩衝液にて固定を行った後、凍結切片を作製し、myeloperoxidase(MPO)の免疫組織化学染色を行った。また、残りの一部はRNAを抽出し、リアルタイムPCRで炎症性サイトカインの遺伝子発現を解析した。total RNAは RNAeasy Mini Kit(QIAGEN)およびQiashredderを用いて精製した。total RNAからcDNAをiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit(Bio-Rad)を用いて合成した。SYBR Premix Ex Taq(Perfect Real Time)(TaKaRa)を用いてLightCycler480(Roche)によりRT-PCRを行い、各種サンプルのGAPDH、TNF-αの発現解析を実施した(1群5匹)。プライマーは、GAPDH:5’-AACGACCCCTTCATTGAC-3’(順方向)(配列番号1)、5’-TCCACGACATACTCAGCAC- 3’(逆方向)(配列番号2)、TNF-α:5’-TGCCTATGTCTCAGCCTCTTC-3’(順方向)(配列番号3)、5’- GAGGCCATTTGGGAACTTCT-3’(逆方向)(配列番号4)を使用して行なった。エタノールのみを塗布した対照群(5匹)、エタノールのみを塗布しかつ紫外線照射を行わない非照射群(5匹)、比較対照のアスタキサンチン塗布群(5匹)、および14-DHE類似抗炎症性物質のエルゴステロール塗布群(5匹)を設けた。
図6に示すように、一般的にUV-Bが照射されると照射部位の水分量の低下、水分蒸散量の上昇、および紅斑値の上昇が誘導されることが報告されているが、14-DHEの塗布により皮膚水分量の低下および紅斑値の上昇を有意に抑制した。また、皮膚水分蒸散量の上昇を抑制する傾向があった。
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