JP5846137B2 - 触媒コンバーター - Google Patents
触媒コンバーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP5846137B2 JP5846137B2 JP2013025698A JP2013025698A JP5846137B2 JP 5846137 B2 JP5846137 B2 JP 5846137B2 JP 2013025698 A JP2013025698 A JP 2013025698A JP 2013025698 A JP2013025698 A JP 2013025698A JP 5846137 B2 JP5846137 B2 JP 5846137B2
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- catalyst layer
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 263
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 36
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 among them Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011206 ternary composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011218 binary composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
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- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
まず、本発明の触媒コンバーターが介在する排ガスの排気系統を概説する。本発明の触媒コンバーターが適用される排ガスの排気系統は、エンジン、触媒コンバーター、三元触媒コンバーター、サブマフラーおよびメインマフラーが配されて相互に系統管で繋がれ、エンジンで生成された排ガスが系統管を介して各部を流通し、排気されるようになっている。次に、以下、触媒コンバーターの実施の形態を説明する。
図1aは本発明の触媒コンバーターの模式図であり、図1bはセルの一部を拡大した図である。また、図2a,b、図3a,b、図4a,bはそれぞれ、触媒層の実施の形態1〜6を説明した縦断面図である。
本発明者等は、第1の触媒層の長さを基材の長さの80%に規定した上で、第2の触媒層の長さを基材に対して0%、10%、30%、50%、80%、および100%で変化させ、それぞれのケースにおける触媒層を具備する触媒コンバーターを試作して耐久試験を実施し、定常Rich状態でのNOx量を測定する実験をおこなった。
第2の触媒層(貴金属触媒にPdを使用)形成用のスラリーの作製に関し、Al2O3複合酸化物65g/Lに硝酸Pd溶液を担体中に含浸させ、1.0質量%の担持粉末を作製した。次いで、CeO2-ZrO2複合酸化物(CeO2/ZrO2/La2O3/Y2O3=30/60/5/5(質量%))を85g/Lと、酢酸Baを10g/L相当と水、Al2O3バインダー、酢酸、増粘剤等を所定量混合し、Pd触媒スラリーを得た。
実機エンジン直下に作製した触媒コンバーターをセットし、A/Fはサイクリックに変化する複合パターン下で床温1000℃で50時間の耐久試験を実施した。
別途の実機エンジンに耐久試験後の触媒コンバーターをセットし、A/Fをリッチ〜リーンに矩形状に変動させ、リッチ120秒保持した際の浄化性能をNOx平均排出量として算出した。試験結果を図5に示す。
本発明者等はさらに、実施例と比較例にかかる触媒層を具備する触媒コンバーターを試作して耐久試験を実施し、定常Rich状態でのNOx量を測定する実験をおこなった。
第2の触媒層(貴金属触媒にPdを使用)形成用のスラリーの作製に関し、Al2O3複合酸化物65g/Lに硝酸Pd溶液を担体中に含浸させ、1.0質量%の担持粉末を作製した。次いで、CeO2-ZrO2複合酸化物(CeO2/ZrO2/La2O3/Y2O3=30/60/5/5(質量%))を85g/Lと、酢酸Baを10g/L相当と水、Al2O3バインダー、酢酸、増粘剤等を所定量混合し、Pd触媒スラリーを得た。
実機エンジン直下に作製した触媒コンバーターをセットし、A/Fはサイクリックに変化する複合パターン下で床温1000℃で50時間の耐久試験を実施した。
別途の実機エンジンに耐久試験後の触媒コンバーターをセットし、A/Fをリッチ〜リーンに矩形状に変動させ、リッチ120秒保持した際の浄化性能をNOx平均排出量として算出した。試験結果を図6に示す。
Claims (2)
- 排ガスが流通するセル構造の基材と、基材のセル壁面に形成されている触媒層とからなる触媒コンバーターであって、
前記触媒層は、基材において排ガスの流れ方向の上流側に配された第1の触媒層と、排ガスの流れ方向の下流側に配された第2の触媒層とから構成されており、
第1の触媒層は、担体と該担体に担持された貴金属触媒であるロジウムとから形成されており、
第2の触媒層は、担体と該担体に担持された貴金属触媒であるパラジウムもしくは白金とから形成されており、
第1の触媒層と第2の触媒層それぞれの担体は異なる組成の複合酸化物からなり、
第1の触媒層は、基材の前記上流側の端部を起点として基材の全長の80%以上100%未満の範囲に形成されており、
第2の触媒層は、基材の前記下流側の端部を起点として基材の全長の20%以上50%未満の範囲に形成されており、
第1の触媒層と第2の触媒層はそれぞれの一部同士が積層しており、上流側から順に、第1の触媒層の一層構造、第1の触媒層と第2の触媒層が積層した二層構造、第2の触媒層の一層構造となっている触媒コンバーター。 - 前記第1の触媒層の担体がセリウムを含まない請求項1に記載の触媒コンバーター。
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