JP5583317B2 - 回転検出装置および回転検出装置付き軸受 - Google Patents
回転検出装置および回転検出装置付き軸受 Download PDFInfo
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- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
- G01P13/04—Indicating positive or negative direction of a linear movement or clockwise or anti-clockwise direction of a rotational movement
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
- F16C41/007—Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
- G01D5/2454—Encoders incorporating incremental and absolute signals
- G01D5/2455—Encoders incorporating incremental and absolute signals with incremental and absolute tracks on the same encoder
- G01D5/2457—Incremental encoders having reference marks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
- G01P3/446—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings mounted between two axially spaced rows of rolling elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
- G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
- G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
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- F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/187—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with all four raceways integrated on parts other than race rings, e.g. fourth generation hubs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
- F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
- F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
- F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
- F16C2300/02—General use or purpose, i.e. no use, purpose, special adaptation or modification indicated or a wide variety of uses mentioned
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/10—Railway vehicles
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Description
・ 現在、モータ等の回転位置検出にはレゾルバが広く用いられているが、製造コストが高いという課題がある。
・ 上記した各回転検出装置において、磁気式のエンコーダを用いるものでは、絶対角度を検出し、かつ高い分解能の回転パルスを得ることは難しい。
・ 特許文献1に開示の回転検出装置の場合、構造が複雑で、回転しない状態で絶対角度を検出できないという課題がある。
・ 特許文献2に開示の回転検出装置は、レゾルバを用いるものと同じ方式で、ロータとの位置ずれの影響を低減している例であるが、複雑なコイルを必要とするという課題がある。
・ 磁石の回転を磁気センサで検出する特許文献3に開示の回転検出装置の場合、回転角度検出は可能であるが、高い精度で回転角度を求めるためには、磁界強度を高精度で検出し、検出ギャップを正確に管理しなければなない。また、この方式で回転パルス信号を出力するためには、検出角度からパルス信号を生成する処理回路が必要となる。
例えば磁極対が12の磁気エンコーダと13の磁気エンコーダを用いて回転させると、これら磁界を検出する2つの磁気センサの信号の間には、1回転に1磁極対分の位相ずれが発生するので、この位相差を位相差検出手段で検出し、その位相差に基づいて角度算出手段により1回転の区間での絶対角度を算出することができる。また、各磁気センサは、各磁気エンコーダの磁極内における位置の情報を検出する機能を有したものとしているので、精度良く絶対角度を検出できる。また、構成も簡単なものとなる。
磁気センサをこのような構成とすると、磁気エンコーダの磁界分布をオン・オフ信号としてではなく、アナログ電圧による正弦波状の信号としてより細かく検出でき、精度の良い絶対角度検出が可能となる。
磁気センサをこのようにラインセンサで構成した場合、磁界パターンの歪みやノイズの影響が低減されて、より高い精度で磁気エンコーダの位相を検出することが可能である。
この構成によると、絶対角度の検出機能を有しながら、軸受使用機器の部品点数、組立工数の削減、およびコンパクト化が図れる。
この発明の回転検出装置付き軸受は、この発明の上記構成の回転検出装置を軸受に搭載したものであるため、絶対角度の検出機能を有しながら、軸受使用機器の部品点数、組立工数の削減、およびコンパクト化が図れる。
なお、図6は、各磁気センサ3A,3Bによる検出位相と位相差の波形図を示す。すなわち、図6(A),(B)には両磁気エンコーダ2A,2Bの磁極のパターン例を示し、図6(C),(D)には対応する磁気センサ3A,3Bの検出位相の波形図を示し、図6(E)には位相差検出手段6より出力される位相差信号の波形図を示す。
この場合、図8に示すように、受信側回路14から角度情報出力回路10に対して絶対角度出力の要求信号が入力されると、これに呼応して角度情報出力回路10における絶対角度実行手段15が動作可能となり、角度情報出力回路10におけるモード実行信号生成手段16から絶対角度出力モード中であることを示すモード実行信号(ABS_mode=1)が生成され、角度情報出力回路10における回転パルス信号生成手段17からA,B,Z相信号が出力されるように、角度情報出力回路10を構成しても良い。
受信側回路14では、Z相信号を受信することで絶対角度値を示すポジションカウンタ18が0にリセットされ、Z相信号に続いて出力されるA相信号およびB相信号を、前記ポジションカウンタ18が計数する。A相信号およびB相信号のパルス出力が、一旦現在の絶対角度値に達すると、そこで絶対角度出力モード動作が終了する(ABS_mode=0)。その後は、回転部材4(図1)の回転に伴い検出される絶対角度の変化に応じた回転パルス信号(ABZ相信号)を角度算出手段7から出力する。これにより、パルスを計数することで絶対角度を知る受信側回路14では、絶対角度出力モード動作が終了(ABS_mode=0)となった後は実際の絶対角度情報を常に取得している状態となる。
なお、この場合、2つの磁気エンコーダ2A,2Bに対して1つのセンサモジュール11を対向させることになるので、2つの磁気エンコーダ2A,2Bは互いに近接して配置させることになる。
2A,2B…磁気エンコーダ
3A,3B…磁気センサ
3A1,3A2…磁気センサ素子
3AA,3AB…ラインセンサ
6…位相差検出手段
7…角度算出手段
10…角度情報出力回路
11…センサモジュール
20…回転検出装置付き軸受
21…転がり軸受
Claims (3)
- 同心のリング状に設けられ互いに磁極数が異なる複数の磁気エンコーダと、これら各磁気エンコーダの磁界をそれぞれ検出する複数の磁気センサとを備え、前記各磁気センサは磁気エンコーダの磁極内における位置の情報を検出する機能を有したものである回転検出装置であって、
前記各磁気センサの検出した磁界信号の位相差を求める位相差検出手段と、この検出した位相差に基づいて磁気エンコーダの絶対角度を算出する角度算出手段とを設け、前記磁気センサが、磁気エンコーダの磁極の並び方向に沿ってセンサ素子が並ぶラインセンサで構成され、これらセンサ素子が、対応する磁気エンコーダの1磁極対のピッチを1周期とするとき、このピッチに対して定められた位相差となるように、磁極の並び方向に離して配置され、これらセンサ素子により得られるsin,cos の2相の信号出力を演算によって生成して、磁極内における位置を検出するものであり、複数の磁気エンコーダに対して、同一の磁極対内での複数の検出位相信号をそれぞれ求める位相検出回路を設け、前記位相差検出手段は、前記位相検出回路で求められる、同一の磁極対内での複数の検出位相信号に基づき、位相差信号を求めるものであり、前記角度算出手段で算出された絶対角度を、互いに90°位相の異なるA相およびB相の2つのパルス信号と、原点位置を示すZ相のパルス信号として出力する角度情報出力回路を有し、この角度情報出力回路は、絶対角度出力モード中であることを示すモード実行信号を生成するモード実行信号生成手段を有し、前記磁気センサ並びに、前記位相差検出手段、前記角度算出手段、および前記角度情報出力回路が互いに一体化されたセンサモジュールを設け、このセンサモジュールが半導体チップに集積されたことを特徴とする回転検出装置。 - 請求項1において、前記磁気センサが、互いに磁極ピッチ内でずれた位置に配置された複数のセンサ素子を有し、sin およびcos の2相の信号出力を得られるものであって、磁極内における位置を逓倍して検出するものである回転検出装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の回転検出装置が軸受に搭載された回転検出装置付き軸受。
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